iosr-JEEE   Volume-9 ~ Issue-2 ~ March-April 2014

Abstract:The control of DC motor system is difficult and mathematically tedious due to their high non linearity property. To overcome this difficulty, a new approach has been required. This paper presented a systematic procedure to develop PI based speed controller for DC motor. The designing of speed controller through state estimation approaches. The optimal parameter of PI controller is finding out by using PSO algorithms.The performances and characteristics of DC motor are observed. The simulation results verify that steady state error is reduced, the rising time is improved and the disturbances affect is reduced hence the better performances of DC motor. Keywords: -DC motor, Linear, Particle Swarm Optimization, State Estimation, Speed Controller

[1]. C. M. Lim "Experimental study of a fuzzy system for dc motor control", Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Workshop on Advances in Motion Control, 1993.
[2]. P. B. Schmidt and R. D. Lorenz "Design principles and implementation of acceleration feedback to improve performance of dc drives", IEEE Trans. Industrial Applications, vol. 28, pp.594 -599, 1992.
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[4]. M. Iwasaki , K. Seki and Y. Maeda "High-precision motion control techniques: A promising approach to improving motion performance", IEEE Ind. Electron. Mag., vol. 6, no. 1, pp.32 -40 2012.
[5]. Y. Dong, J. Tang, B. Xu and D. Wang," An Application of swarm optimization to Non-Linear programming", Computers and Mathematics with applications 49 (2005), ELSVIER LTD, pp. 1655-1668, 2005.

Abstract:Using of renewable energy sources are became very popular in the decade. One of the important renewable energy sources wind power generation has increased widely. Wind generators consist of double fed induction generator (DFIG). In this paper DFIG uses superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit for improving its performance. The converter and the chopper of the SMES unit are controlled using a hysteresis current controller and a fuzzy logic controller, respectively. Simulation carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK software to track SMES unit in improving performance of DFIG under voltage sag and swell conditions

[1]. L. Freris and D. Infield, Renewable Energy in Power Systems. Wiltshire,U.K.: Wiley, 2008, p. 217.
[2]. P. Musgrove, Wind Power. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2010, pp. 221–222.
[3]. J. M. Carrasco, L. G. Franquelo, J. T. Bialasiewicz, E. Galvan, R. C. P. Guisado, M. A. M. Prats, J. I. Leon, and N. Moreno-Alfonso, ―Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: A survey,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1002–1016, Jun. 2006.
[4]. T. Ackerman, Wind Power in Power System. West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley,2005, p. 65.
[5]. M. Tsili and S. Papathanassiou, ―A review of grid code technical requirements for wind farms,‖ IET Renew. Power Gener., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 308–332, Sep. 2009.

AbstractThis paper is based on the speed control of the governing system of a hydraulic turbine system. Governor play an important role in hydraulic turbine as it maintain the stability of the system frequency by controlling the speed of the system. This is done by using two controller Proportional-Derivative controller and Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller. Both the controller have their own way to act to the deviation and response to it. This paper represents designing of speed control models of PD and PID governor and comparing the output of both the models.
Keywords: Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller, Proportional-Derivative controller, speed, servosystem

[1]. 'Practical hydraulic turbine Model.' ,by Atsushi Izena, HidemiKihara, Toshikazu Shimujo, Kaiichirou Hirayama, Nobuhiko Furukawa, TakahisaKAgaeyama, Takashi Goto, IEEE Conference on, 2006
[2]. 'Hydraulic turbine and turbine control models for system dynamic studies', by IEEE Committee report, IEEE Trans. On Power Systems, 7(1), p: 167-179, 1992
[3]. 'Design of Micro Hydel Power Plant' by Vineesh V, A. Immanuel Selvakumar, IJEAT, Vol. 2, issue 2, pp. 136-140, December 2012
[4]. 'Generation of Electrical Energy', by Dr. B. R Gupta, Sixth Edition, ISBN : 81-219-0102-2, by Eurasia Publishing House
[5]. 'Hydro turbine model for system dynamic studies', by E DE Jaeger, N. Janssens, B. Malfliet and F. Van De Meulebroeke, IEEE Transacations on Power Systems, 9(4), 1999

Abstract:This paper aims in presenting the importance of presence of Unified Power Flow Controller(UPFC) for enhancement of power quality of existing transmission network.UPFC is used for controlling varioustransmission parameters such as series impedance, shunt impedance, line voltage, current, active and reactive power, oscillation damping etc. Experimental controlled reading of UPFC is obtained with the help of lab model for various parameters.Controlling is done with the help of IGBT based converters through DSP kit(for controlling firing angle of converters).This paper also presents the study of UPFC using MATLAB 7.9 and lab prototype is also setup. Effect of presence of UPFC on various parameters is obtained and is compared with parameters without UPFC for real system through simulation using MATLAB 7.9.
Keywords:Upfc, Vsc, Sssc, Statcom.

[1]. S. Baskar,N.kumarappan,R.Gnanadass "Switching Level Modeling and operation of Unified Power Flow Controller", Asian Power Electronics Journal,Vol. 4,No. 3,December 2010.
[2]. K.R Padiyar "FACTS Controller in power transmission and distribution", New Age International,2009.
[3]. Faiz, Gh. Shahgholian and M. Torabiyan, "Design and Simulation of UPFC for Enhancement of Power Quality in Transmission Lines" 2010 International Conference on Power System Technology.
[4]. Amir Kahyaei, "Study of UPFC for installing in power system to control power flow" Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 3(7): 640-649, 2011.
[5]. L.Gyugyi, "Unified Power Flow Concept for Flexible Ac Transmission Systems", IEEE Proc-C, Vol.139, No.4, July1992, pp.323-332.

Abstract:The scope of this paper is to design and simulate a novel circular split ring structure having simultaneous negative permittivity and permeability so called double negative metamaterial or left handed material. The DNG structure consists of five circular split ring resonators on one side of dielectric medium and a couple of circular wires on other side. The complex permittivity, permeability, impedance and refractive index are determined from simulated Scattering parameters using direct retrieval method. Simulations of DNG structure are carried out using CST MWS. MATLAB is used for verification of negative values of structure's parameter.
Keywords: Double negative left handed material, Negative Permittivity, Negative Permeability, Negative Refractive Index, Negative impedance, Split Ring Resonators.

[1] V. G. Veselago, "The Electrodynamics of Substances with Simultaneously Negative values of ɛ and μ ," Soviet Phys Usp 10 (1968), 509-514.
[2] M. F. Khan, "Tunable Metamaterials," PhD. thesis, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. May 2011.
[3] D. R. Smith, D. C. Vier, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Electromagnetic parameter retrieval from inhomogeneous metamaterials," The American Physical Society, pp. 1–11, March 22, 2005.
[4] H. Zhou, G. Lu, Y. Li, S. Wang, and Y. Wang, "An Improved Method of Determining Permittivity and Permeability by S Parameters," PIERS processdings, beijing, chaina, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 768–773, 2009.
[5] A. Mallik, S. Kundu, and O. Goni, "Design of a novel Two-circular U-Shaped Double Negative Metamaterial," IEEE no.978-1-4799-0400-6/ 2013.

Abstract:In this paper, the cost of generation and system transmission losses have been considered as objectives for optimization. The multiobjective optimal power dispatch (MOPD) problem is formulated using weighting method and a number of noninferior solutions are generated in 2D space by varying weights for IEEE 5, 14 and 30 bus systems – manually using GA technique, by using GA toolbox of MATLAB R2008b. Ideal Distance minimization method has been used to obtain the optimal power system operation (Target Point, best compromise solution). This method employs the concept of an 'Ideal Point' (IP) to scalarize the problems having multiple objectives and minimizes the Euclidean distance between IP and a set of noninferior solutions.

Keywords: Multiobjective Optimal Power Dispatch, weighting method, 2D space, Genetic Algorithm (GA).

[1]. Cohon, J.L., 'multiple objective programming and planning', New York, London: Academic Press, 1978.
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Abstract:The aim is to create a Simple control mechanism for speed variations of a HIGH POWER SRIM – Slip Ring Induction motor as an extension to the available Non slip power recovery mechanisms available for low power SRIMs. The most basic ways to control the speed of a slip ring induction motor is either from the STATOR OR ROTOR SIDE. The mechanism employed here is to control the speed via a Single thyristor acting as an ON/OFF switch at the rotor side of this slip ring induction motor.

1. J. Kabouris and G. C. Contaxis, “Optimum expansion planning of an unconventional generation system operating in parallel with a large scale network,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 394–400, Sep. 1991.
2. P. Chiradeja and R. Ramakumar, “An approach to quantify the technical benefits of distributed generation,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 764–773, Dec. 2004.
3. Y. H. Kim and S. S. Kim, “An electrical modeling and fuzzy logic controlof a fuel cell generation system,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 14,no. 2, pp. 239–244, Jun. 1999.
4. K. N. Reddy and V. Agarwal, “Utility interactive hybrid distributed generation scheme with compensation feature,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 666–673, Sep. 2007.

Abstract:Multilevel inverters are developed as an extension to the conventional inverters. They are widely used for high power applications as they cause very less disturbances and have the possibility to function at lower switching frequencies than ordinary two-level inverters. This paper compares different topologies of inverters .The comparison is done with respect to Total Harmonic Distortion. This paper presents a brief account on the most important topologies like diode-clamped inverter (neutral-point clamped), capacitor-clamped (flying capacitor), and cascaded H-bridge with separate dc sources.

[1]. J. Rodriguez, J. S. Lai and F. Z. Peng, "Multilevel Inverters: Survey of Topologies, Controls, and Applications," IEEE Transactions
on Industry Applications, vol. 49, no. 4, Aug. 2002, pp. 724-738.
[2]. M. Manjrekar and G. Venkataramanan, "Advanced topologies and modulation strategies for multilevel inverters," in Proc. IEEE
PESC'96, Baveno, Italy, June 1996, pp. 1013–1018.
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96–103.
[4]. T. A. Meynard and H. Foch, "Multilevel converters and derived topologies for high power conversion," in Proc. 1995 IEEE 21st
Int. Conf. Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation, Nov. 1995, pp. 21–26.
[5]. C.Attainese, V.Nardi, and G.Tomasso, "Space vector modulation algorithm for power losses and THD reduction in VSI based
drives," Electrical power components and systems, vol.35, pp.1271-1283, 2007.

Abstract:The poverty of lagging power factors at which large industrial loads operate often leads to poor voltage regulation. When a transmission line is lightly loaded there is always the danger of over-voltage at the receiving end due to the well-known phenomenon called "Ferranti effect". In both cases, reactive power demand is often much higher than when load power factors are maintained at unity or close to unity. It becomes more expensive than necessary for Supply Authorities to generate and supply the needed electrical energy, if reactive power compensation strategies are not adopted and enforced. It explains why consumers suffer low voltage supply in most cases, especially where supply Authorities are unable to cope.

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Abstract:A refurbished 2.2kW 3-phase squirrel-cage induction motor was subjected to a steady-state performance analysis. It was earlier refurbished to reflect a prevailing local maximum 3-phase voltage level of 380Vac, as against the manufacturer's name-plate nominal voltage of 415Vac. The aim was to obtain from the motor at 380Vac satisfactory values of the operational quantities as obtainable at the original voltage level of 415Vac. To this end the method of open-circuit/short-circuit laboratory tests was adopted, the d.c. resistance test notwithstanding. The experimental calculations from these led to the determination of the machine equivalent circuit parameters by means of which the motor operational quantities and the performance curves for analytical purposes were obtained.

[1]. Boehle B. et. al. (1988): Switchgear Manual; Asea Brown Boveri Publication, 8th Ed., Germany.
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Abstract:The most important task in image processing is denoising the image. Lots of research is conducted in this era but the compelling challenge in this field is to get the efficient denoised image.In this paper three noises are added to the image one by one and then denoised with the bayes shrink and vishu shrink . Different authors had proposed the simple formulas for these methods. Comparison of both filters wih effect of noise is done using the various image matrics such as BER,MSE,PSNR .The filters are impleted on the matlab (R2013a)

Keywords: Ber , Mse , Psnr , Salt And Pepper , Speckle , Gaussian

[1]. Gupta, S., Chauhan, R. and Saxena, S.(2004) "A wavelet based Statistical Approach for Speckle Reduction in Medical
[2]. Ultrasound Images", Medical and Biomedical Engineering & Computing, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp.189-192.
[3]. Gupta, S., Kaur, L., Chauhan, R.C., and Saxena, S.C. "A versatile technique for visual enhancement of medical
[4]. ultrasound images", Digital signals Processing, Vol 17 May 2007, PP 542-560
[5]. Anestis Antoniadis, Jeremie Bigot, "Wavelet Estimators in Nonparametric Regression: A Comparative Simulation Study," Journal
of Statistical Software, Vol 6, I 06, 2001.
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Abstract: This paper proposed to regulate the speed control of PMSM with PI and Adaptive fuzzy based speed control using flux weakening operation. In this method with having advantages in permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drive can utilization and widen flux weakening region the maximum utilization of inverter output regulated current saturation makes the instantaneous current control capability. This paper proposed using current control regulation by flux weakening operation controller by VSI fed inverter side with SVPWM gate pulsed to operate the IGBT fed inverted drive circuit with dynamic performance of current control. Adopted fuzzy controller compares the error signal and change in error signal to the PI control with Kp and Ki value. The simulation and experimental results are taken by MATLAB SIMULINK with considering with stator current control regulated wave forms.
Keywords: PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor), SVPWM (space vector pulse width modulation), VSI (voltage source inverter)

[1] S. Morimoto, Y. Takeda, and T. Hirasa, "Expansion of operating limits for permanent magnet motor by current vector control considering inverter capacity," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 866-871, Sept./Oct. 1990.
[2] J. M. Kim and S. K. Sul, "Speed control of interior permanent magnet Synchronous motor drive for the flux weakening operation," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 43-48, Jan./Feb. 1997.
[3] J. Holtz, W. Lotzkat, and M. Khambadkone, "On continuous control of PWM inverters in the overmodulation range including the six-step mode," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 546–553, Oct. 1993.
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Abstract: Intrabody communication (IBC) is a new data transmission concept that uses human body as a communication channel to transmit data. One of the main objectives of research into intrabody communication is the characterization of the human body as a transmission medium for electrical signals. And these characterization is strongly influenced by the conditions under which the experiments are performed. This paper explains a different methodology for IBC from the existing one. In this paper we have explained a method of data transmission between two personal computers through human body using serial data communication protocol. Further we have investigated its feasibility for distant range, about transceiver design and its future uses.
Index Terms: Intrabody communication (IBC), serial communication, Human Area Network (HAN), GUI.

[1] L. Wang, G.-Z. Yang, J. Huang, J. Zhang, L. Yu, Z. Nie, and D. R. S. Cumming, "A wireless biomedical signal interface system-on-chip for body sensor networks," IEEE Trans. Biomed.Circuits Syst., vol. 4, , pp. 112–117, Apr. 2010.
[2] H.-Y. Shih and Y.-C. Chang, "68.4 μW 400 MHz intrabody communication receiver front-end for biomedical applications," Electron Lett, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 143-144, Feb 2012
[3] Y. Song, K. Zhang, B. Kang, R. Xie, F. Shang, and Q. Hao, "the sensitivity characteristics of the electrostatic coupling intra-body communication based on the Mach-Zender electro-optic modulation,"in communications in computer and Information Science, vol. 202. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2011, pp. 210-216
[4] S. Pun, Y. Gao, P. Mak, H. Ho, K. Che, H. Ieong, H. Wu, M. Vai, and M. Du, "Galvanic intrabody communication for affective acquiring and computing," IEEE Trans. Affective Comput., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 145–151, Apr.- Jun. 2012.
[5] M. Fujikawa and M. Nishigaki, "A study of prevention for social engineering attacks using real/fake organization's uniforms: Application of radio and intra-body communication technologies," in Proc. 6th Int Conf. Availability, Reliab. Security, 2011, pp. 597-602. .

Abstract: Crop detection is a critical and evaluative first step towards almost agricultural monitoring systems. The ability to identify crop type makes it possible to estimate the agricultural area allocated under crop and hence compute relevant statistics providing essential information for crop control of area-based subsidies The capabilities of SAR for discriminating crop type have been previously explored. The main aim is to brief the mechanism of crop acreage estimation and area monitoring using SAR data, Envisat-ASAR, or polarimetric SAR with multi-temporal and multi polarized datasets and review the research progress on crop estimation and area monitoring using microwave remote sensing.
Keywords: crop estimation; area monitoring; SAR; remote sensing.

[1]. Kun Li, Yun Shao, Fengli Zhang, "Paddy Rice identification using polarimetric SAR data in Southern China", IEEE, 2010.
[2]. DING Yaping, CHEN Zhongxin, "A review of crop identification and area monitoring based on SAR image", China, 2012 IEEE.
[3]. Qiong An, Wanlin Gao, Lina Yu, Jianjia Wu, Bangjie Yang, Wei Liu, "Research on Crop Identification Method Based on Two-Phase Classification Using Remote Sensing in Large Scale", China, 2011 IEEE
[4]. Bai Lina, Wang Bengyu, Tian Xin, Lu Ying, Yang Yongtian, "Winter Wheat Identification Using Multi-Temporal Envisat Asar Data --A Case Study At Tongzhou District, Beijing", IGARSS, 2012
[5]. Kadim Tasdemir, Selcuk Reis, "Land Cover Identification for Finding Hazelnut Fields Using Worldview-2 Imagery", IEEE 2011.