IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-10 ~ Issue-12 ~ December 2016

Abstract: Sun-dried fishes are highly appreciated because of their characteristic taste, texture and storage stability. A study was conducted on the shelf-life quality of salt and turmeric treated sun-dried C. punctatus under different storage conditions. Sensory evaluation (score), proximate-composition (moisture, protein, fat and ash), chemical-composition (TVB-N, FFA and pH) and bacterial load (SPC and HBC) were analyzed using standard methods of analysis. During entire storage period protein, fat and ash content decreased whereas moisture, TVB-N, FFA, pH and bacterial load increased significantly both room-temperature (26-320C) and refrigeration temperature (40C), but the increase...........

KeyWords: Quality-assessment, sun-dried-fish, salt, storage-condition, turmeric

[1] Love, R.M. The chemical biology of fishes. Academic Press, London, UK. 1980,15 p.
[2] Abolagba, O.J. Okonji, V.A. and Enobakhare, D.A. Salting of fish as a means of reducing damage by Dermestes maculates (Coleoptera). Nig. J. Entomol. 1996, 13: 81-86.
[3] Bille, G.P, and Shemkai, H.R. Process development, nutrition and sensory characteristics of spiced smoked and sun dried Dagaa (Rastrineobola argentea) from Lake Victoria, Tanzania. Afr. J. Food Agricul. Nutrit. Develop. 2006, 6 (2): 222-444.
[4] Oyero, J.O. Sadiku, S.O. E. Ajisegiri, E.S.A. and Eyo, A.A. Biochemical evaluation of enclosed solar dried and salted Oreochromis niloticus. Res. J. Animal Sci. 2007, 1 (3): 97-101.
[5] Chukwu, O. and Shaba. I. M. Effect of drying methods on proximate compositions of cat fish (Clarias gariepinus). World J. Agric. Sci. 2009, 5(1): 114-116.

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to determine the better shelf life of salt treated smoke-dried freshwater SIS fish, chapila, kaika and baim. This study assessed the comparative changes in sensory characteristics, biochemical components and microbiological quality of three salt treated smoke-dried fish during refrigeration (40C) storage using standard methods of analyses. During storage period, the percentage of moisture, TVB-N value (mgN/100g) and TVC (cfu/g) were increased whereas protein, fat and ash contents were considerably decreased...........

KeyWords: Bio-chemical composition, freshwater-fish, microbial-quality, smoke-drying

[1] Adekoya, B. B. and Miller, J. W. Fish cage culture potential in Nigeria-An overview. National Cultures. Agriculture Focus. 2004, 1(5):10.
[2] Silva, V. M., Silva, L. A., Andradel, J. B., Veloso, M. C., & Santos, G. V. Determination of moisture content and water activity in algae and fish by thermoanalytical techniques. Química Nova. 2008, 31: 4.
[3] Isabel M, Jose M Gallardo and Santiago P. Aubourg . Quality preservation in chilled and frozen fish products by employment of slurry ice and natural antioxidants. Intl J Food Sci Technol. 2009, 44, 1467-1479.
[4] Espe, M. Nortvedt, R. Lie, O. and Hafsteinsson, H. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), as raw material for smoking industry. 1: effect of different salting methods on the oxidation of lipids. Food Chem. 2001, 75 (4): 411-416.
[5] Jittinandana, S. Kenney, P.B. Slider, S.D. and Kser, R.A. Effect of brining concentration and brining time on quality of smoked rainbow trout fillets. J. Food Sci. 2002, 67 (6): 2095-2059. 2002.

Abstract: Krait commonly inhabits the South Asian countries and is regarded as the most dangerous species of venomous snake in the Indian subcontinent. The banded krait (Bungarus fasciatus) of Southeast Asia grows to 2 meters (6.6 feet), and other species commonly reach more than a meter in length. All have bodies that are strongly triangular in cross-section. The present observation reports the presence of rare snake Banded Krait in the Etturnagaram, wildlife sanctuary of Warangal, District, Telangana, India. The snake weighed about 3 Kg with 6.033 feet length with 31 black and 30 yellow alternative bands. The back band were about 3 cm and yellow bands were 5cm width.

KeyWords: Banded Krait, Endangered, Wildlife Sanctuary

[1]. S.K. Sharma, D.P. Pandey, K.B. Shah, F. Tillack, F. Chappuis, C.L. Thapa, E. Alirol and U. Kuch. 2013. Venomous Snakes of Nepal: A Photographic Guide. B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences Dharan, Nepal.
[2]. Agrawal, H. P. 1981. On a collection of reptiles from Madhya Pradesh, India. The Indian Journal of Zootomy, 22(3): 203-206. [3]. Francis N P Monteiro.,Tanuj Kanchan., Prashantha Bhagavath., G Pradeep Kumar, 2011, Krait bite poisoning in Manipal region of Southern India, J Indian Acad Forensic Med, Vol. 33, No. 1
[4]. C. Srinivasulu , D. Venkateshwarlu and M. Seetharamaraju, 2009, Rediscovery of the Banded Krait Bungarus fasciatus (Schneider 1801) (Serpentes: Elapidae) from Warangal District, AndhraPradesh, India, Journal of Threatened Taxa: ISSN 0974-7907 (online) | 0974-7893
[5]. Chandra, K. & Gajbe, P. U. 2005. An inventory of Herpetofauna of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Zoos Print Journal, 20(3): 1812-1819..

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to identify the level of environmental awareness among secondary school students. Questionnaire technique is used to collect the data. The collected data are tabulated and computed applying simple statistical tools. The results show that the level of environmental awareness among students is low. No significance difference is found with respect to age and settlement in the environmental awareness level of the students. On the other hand significance difference was found in the environmental awareness of secondary school students belonging to different age group.

KeyWords: Environmental education; environmental awareness etc.

[1]. Mark R.; Spring,27,1-5(2002)
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Abstract: Koroko' a local maize snack was prepared from maize-cocoyam leaf shoot flour mixture in ratio of 100:0, 99:1 97:3 95:5 93:7 & 91:9. The blends were made into a thick paste, manually shaped into a ring shape and deep fried in hot vegetable oil (1700C) for 5min. The products obtained were analyzed for proximate, textural and sensory qualities. Results obtained indicated substantial increase in the level of protein, fat and fibre with an increase in the level of substitution with cocoyam leaf shoot..........

KeyWords: 'Koroko', cocoyam leaf shoot flour, Maize Flour.

[1]. P.I. Uzor-Peters, N.U. Arisa, , C.O. Lawrence, N.S. Osondu, and A. Adelaja, Effect of Partially Defatted Soya Beans or Groundnut Cake Flours on Proximate and Sensory Characteristics of Kokoro. African Journal of Food Science 2: 2008: 98-101.
[2]. A. Haug, O.A. Christophersen, J. Linabo, W. Kaunda, and L.O. Eik, Use of dried Kapenta (Limnothrisse Mioden and Stolothrissa Tanganicae) and other products based on whole for complementing Maize-based diets. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 10: 2010: 2478-2500.
[3]. J.C. Okaka, Basic Processing of Grain, Cereal and Legume (In Handling, Storage and Processing of Plant Foods) (2005): 30-60: OCJ Academic Publisher, Enugu Nigeria.
[4]. N.G. Ameida – Dominquez, M.E. Valencia, and L. Higuera-Capra, Formulation of corn Based Snack with High Nutritional Biological and Sensory Evaluation, Journal of Food Science 55:1990: 228.
[5]. R.A. Oloyo, Some Aspect of Nutritive Quality of Some Maize Based Traditional Convenience Food, Niger Food J. 22: 1999: 61-66

Abstract: Renewable and green energy resources are paramount to environmental sustainability. The need for alternative energy sources to fulfill the environmental friendliness goals in energy production and substitute the depleting fossil fuel. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are amongst the potential alternative solutions to the energy dilemma. The advantages of Microbial fuel cell (MFC) include degradation of pollutants in the wastewater and electricity production. In the present research article the usage of different wastewaters as substrates in MFC has been discussed also this research review on several types of wastewaters with performance of different MFC designs, operational conditions, wastewater treatment parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate and power density. Also, various applications of MFC such as wastewater treatment, generation of bioelectricity, secondary fuel production and biosensors has discussed.

KeyWords: Microbial fuel cell, substrates, wastewater treatment and energy conservation.

[1] Deepak Pant, Gilbert Van Bogaert, Ludo Diels, Karolien Vanbroekhoven, "A review of the substrates used in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for sustainable energy production" 2009
[2] E. Elakkiya, "Comparison of anodic metabolism in bioelectricity production during treatment of dairy wastewater in microbial fuel cell", Bioresource Technology, Vol. 136, 2013, pp 401-412
[3] Wen Q, Wu Y, Zhao L, Sun Q, "Production of electricity from the treatment of continuous brewery wastewater using a microbial fuel cell". Fuel, Vol. 89, 2010, pp 1381-1385
[4] Feng Y, Wang X, Logan B.E, Lee H, (2008) "Brewery wastewater treatment using air-cathode microbial fuel cell", Appl. Microbiology Biotechnology. Vol. 78, pp 873-880
[5] N. Samsudeen and T. K. Radhakrishnan, "Bioelectricity production from microbial fuel cell using mixed bacterial culture isolated from distillery wastewater", Bioresource Technology, Vol. 195, 2015, pp 242-247.

Abstract: During the manufacture of carbamate type of pesticides at the Union Carbide India Limited, Bhopal, acidic waste water was generated. This was neutralised and disposed in solar evaporation pond. After evaporation, ponds were left with sediments containing mainly inorganic salts. Due to practical conditions and cost factors, various different treatment alternatives were not considered. Studies were attempted to adopt solidification / stabilisation technique to make blocks with the objective of reuse of blocks and to minimize leaching. Studies were carried out by mixing the sediment with various admixtures namely cement, lime and fly ash. Solidified blocks were.............

KeyWords: Admixtures, Fly ash, Hazardous, Lime, Sediments, Solar evaporation ponds, Toxic

[1]. Kr ishnamurti C.R, Sandoval H, "Environmental Pollution and Health Effects with Special Reference to Developing Countries" EPP/EC/WP/83-10-1983.
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[4]. Po jasek R.B., "Stabilisation /Solidification of Hazardous Wastes", Environmental Science Technology: 12: 382-1978.
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Abstract: The Raniganj coalfieldoverlies the granite plateau ring of Choto Nagpur in the Damodar valley region surrounded by the Durgapur-Asansol industrial belt with a general elevation of about 100 meters. Origin of coal was of Permian age, estimated to be 205 to 108 million years old in Raniganj and Barakar stages of Gondwana age. The study area Khottadih and Sonepur Bazari are one of the biggest OC Projects in Raniganj coalfield commenced on 1982 and 1990 respectively. In due course oftime,these OCPshave been producing enormous coal with very quickness. But it degrades the environment vastly. In order to find out the environmental degradation in this area.............

KeyWords: Environmental cost, hedonic pricing method, hidden prices, spatial and temporal variation in air quality, local morphology, mathematical algorithms, regression model, willingness to pay

[1]. Annual Report and Accounts 2014 - 2015, Eastern Coalfields Limited, Sanctoria, P.O. Dishergarh, Dist. Burdwan.
[2]. Bandopadhyay Subhajit "Crucial Factors Influencing Environmental Degradation: A Case Study on Raniganj Coal Mine Belt, West-
Bengal India.‟ Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
[3]. Baumol J W and Oates E W "The Theory of Environmental Policy, Cambridge.‟ Cambridge University, 2001.
[4]. ChaddertonChloeElliott Eva and Williams Gareth, "A guide to assessing the health and wellbeing impacts of opencast mining.‟
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No 212, March 1993.

Abstract: The aim of the present research was to evaluate the biochemical alterations induced by phosphate ore shopping operations in marine ports, and its effects on the quality of fish, the bioassay was estimation the change of total DNA level and protein contents. The research were carried out in two sites in Red Sea area, El- Hamrawein port (site 1), represents the affected area with phosphate shipping operations, and El-Shalateen (site 2) as control area. DNA and protein contents in muscle tissues of three species of Red Sea fishes (Lethrinus borbonicus, Siganus rivulatus and Mulloidichthys flavolineatus, were estimated by using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) and SDS-PAGE markers.............

KeyWords: Phosphate ore, Red Sea fish, muscle, DNA, protein, ISSR and SDS

[1]. Altman K., Southern, A. L.; Uretsky, S. C.; Zabos, P. and Acs, G. (1972): Hydrocortisone Induction of Rat-Liver Leucyl-Transfer
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Abstract: The use of acoustic cavitation for water and wastewater treatment (cleaning) is a well known procedure. Until now, the use of hydrodynamic cavitation as a lone technique or in combination with other techniques such as ultrasound has only recently been suggested and employed. In this paper a general overview of techniques that employ hydrodynamic cavitation for treatment of water and wastewater is presented.

KeyWords: Applications, advantages, hydrodynamic cavitations, venturi, wastewater treatment

[1] P.R. Gogate, A.B. Pandit, A review of imperative technologies for waste water treatment. I. Oxidation technologies at ambient conditions, Adv. Environ.Res.8 (2004) 501.
[2] P.R. Gogate, A.B. Pandit, A review of imperative technologies for waste water treatment. II. Hybrid methods, Adv. Environ. Res. 8 (2004) 553.
[3] Y.G. Adewuyi, Sonochemistry: environmental science and engineering applications, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 40 (2001) 4681.
[4] C. Petrier, Y. Jiang, M.-F. Lamy, Ultrasound and environment: sonochemical destruction of chloroaromatic derivatives, Environ. Sci. Technol. 32 (1998) 1216.
[5] M. Sivakumar, A.B. Pandit, Ultrasound enhanced degradation of rhodamine B: optimisation with power density, Ultrason. Sonochem. 8 (2001) 233..

Abstract: In view of the pollution of the underground water, economic loss, decreased in agricultural productivity of soil, poor animal and human health caused by contamination of soil with used and unused motor oil, a study was conducted for bioremediation of used motor oil contaminated soil by using elephant and horse dung as stimulants in five microcosms labeled M1 to M5, at room temperature. In this study, the bioremediation potentials of these animal wastes were evaluated for six (6) weeks by taking samples from each of the microcosms for weekly analysis of Oil and Grease Content (O&G) and Total Heterotrophic Bacteria Count (THBC)..............

KeyWords: Biodegradation,bioremediation, elephant dung, horse dung, kinetics, microcosm, used motor oil.

[1] Adu, A. A. Aderinola , O. J. and, Kusemiju, V, "Comparative Effects Of Spent Engine Oil And Unused Engine Oil On The Growth And Yield Of Vigna Unguiculata ( Cowpea )," Int. J. Sci. Technol., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 105–118, 2015.

[2] Abdulsalam, S. Adefia, S. S. Bugaje, I. M. and Ibrahim, S, "Bioremediation of Soil Contaminated With Used Motor Oil in a Closed System," J. Bioremediation Biodegrad., vol. 3, no. 12, pp. 3–9, 2012

[3] Stephen, E. and Ijah, U. J. J, "Comparison OfComparison Of Glycine Max and Sida Acuta in the Phytoremediation Of Waste Lubricating Oil Polluted Soil," Nat. Sci., vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 190–193, 2011.

[4] Abioye, O. P. Abdul Aziz, A. and Agamuth, P, "Biodegradation of Used Motor Oil in Soil Using Organic Waste Amendments Enhanced Biodegradation of Used Engine Oil in Soil Amended with Organic Wastes," Water Air Soil Pollut, vol. 209, pp. 173–179, 2010.

[5] Onuoha, S. C. Olugbe, V. U. Uraku, J. A. and Uchedu, D. O, "Biodegradation Potentials of Hydrocarbon Degraders from Waste-lubricating Oil-spilled Soils in Ebonyi State , Nigeria," Int. J. Agric. Biol., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 586–590, 2011..

Abstract: A detailed physical, chemical and biological analysis of underground water samples was carried out in different sites among Sour area. Many parameters including pH, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, total hardness, chloride, acidity, alkalinity, ammonia, nitrite, orthophosphate, sulfate, iron, nitrate, total coliform and E. coli were detected. Overall, the water from all the locations was found to be not safe as drinking water due to presence of bacteria where total coliform exceeded 70 CFU/100 ml and E. coli was above 10 CFU/100ml for most samples. Physical and chemical characteristics varied in between locations and seasons.

KeyWords: Ground Water Quality, Chemical Analysis, Physical Analysis, Biological Analysis, Libnore Standards, Tyre.

[1] Oskin, Becky. What is Groundwater? livescience. [Online] 2015. http://www.livescience.com/39579-groundwater.html.
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[3] Nahas, Charbel. www.charbelnahas.org. [Online] 2013. www.charbelnahas.org/textes/Amenagement_et_urbanisme/.../F-Tyre_107-140.pdf.
[4] Organization, World Health. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. Geneva : WHO Library, 2008. THIRD EDITION.
[5] Scharlau Microbiology- Technical data sheet reference 01-797 Date 2015.

Abstract: The recourse to agricultural residues for meeting energy needs in the Sudano-Sahelian northwestern Nigeria is necessitated vis-à-vis dwindling access to woodfuel and the rapidly growing population. This paper did an inventory on the local alternatives to woodfuel being utilized in the rural energy system of the Sudano-Sahelian northwestern Nigeria. It also examined sources of the local alternatives its sustainability. Both multi-stage cluster and systematic sampling procedures were employed in selecting the 22 settlements for the study..........

KeyWords: Agricultural residues, energy, local alternatives, Sudano-Sahelian, woodfuel

[1] Ogunsanwo, O.Y. and Ajala, O.O., (2002) Firewood crises in Lagos- implication on the suburban and rural ecosystem management In: JE Abu, PO Oni, L Popoola (Eds). Proceeding of the 28th annual conference of Forestry Association of Nigeria at Akure, Ondo State Nov. 4th – 8th pp. 257- 264
[2] Victor, N. M. and Victor, D. G. (2002) Macro Patterns in the Use of Traditional Biomass Fuels Discussion Draft, not for quotation Stanford/TERI workshop on "Rural Energy Transitions," New Delhi, 5-7 November 2002
[3] Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), (2003) Experience of implementing national forestry programmes in Nigeria Sustainable forest management programmes in African ACP countries http://www.fao. org/DOCREP/005/ AC918E/AC918E04. htm (October 10, 2012)
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[5] Alabe, M. (2006) Household Energy Consumption Patterns in Nigeria Energy for Sustainable Development 2(5) 42-45

Abstract: The native fertility of paddy fields depend on replenishment of soil nutrients, related to oligochaete community due to its role in nutrient recycling and translocation. Oligochaete community structure during two contrasting ecological conditions; paddy cultivating (flooded) and fallow (dry) seasons were analyzed in Maranchery Kole paddy fields, a part of the Ramsar site Vembanad Kole wetlands, India. Naididae, Tubificidae and Lumbriculida were the oligochaete families present. In fallow season 13 oligochaete species were present, Aulorilus pluriseta (41%) being the most abundant. In paddy season, 9 oligochaete species were present, Aulodrilus sp. and Aulodrilus pluriseta being the most abundant............

KeyWords: fallow season, Kole paddy fields, oligochaetes, paddy season, Vembanad Kole wetlands

[1]. Feenstra G W 1997. Local food systems and sustainable communities American Journal of Alternative Agriculture Volume 12, Issue 1 pp. 28-36 [2]. Katyal. J.C., Vlek, G.V., 2000. Desertification - Concept, Causes and Amelioration. ZEF-Discussion Papers on Development Policy No. 33, Center for Development Research (ZEF), Bonn. [3]. Lavelle P. Spain A.V., 2001. Soil ecology. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic
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Abstract: TThis study reports about the ambient air quality in Jodhpur City, Rajasthan using Air Quality Index(AQI). 24-hourly concentration of five major pollutants have been considered viz. Particulate Matter of 10μ size (PM10), Particulate Matter of 2.5μ size (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO), for the month of March in 2016 at two different locations in Jodhpur City (Kudi Housing Board, Sector-3 and Jalori Gate Residential area). AQIs were calculated as per the norms given by Central Pollution Control Board (Govt. of India). Results show the varying percentage of AQIs. SO2, NO2 and CO were lying in good to satisfactory zone while PM10 and PM2.5were lying in moderate to poor zone. Thus, it can be seen that primary pollutant is Particulate Matter in residential areas of Jodhpur.

KeyWords: Ambient Air Quality, Air Quality Index, Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Jodhpur City,

[1] Central pollution control board, ministry of environment and forest, India, 2014
[2] Gowtham Sarella, Khambete K. Anjali, Ambient air quality analysis using air quality index-a case study of Vapi, 2013-2014
[3] Greenpeace, A status assessment of national air quality index (NAQI) and pollution level assessment for Indian cities, December 2015
[4] Kanchan, Amit Kumar Gorai and Pramila Goyal, A Review on Air Quality Indexing System, June 2015
[5] Lawrence K. Wang, Norman C. Pereira, Yung- Tse Hung, Adavnced air and noise pollution control, 2005

Abstract: The alimentation is considered a basic necessity for humanity. However, to meet this need, foods can be carriers of various components physical, chemical or biological harmful to health. As biological components are bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi or substances result of their metabolism, capable of generating diseases when ingested. Fungi are cosmopolitan organisms with the ability to grow on various substrates including food intended for human and animal consumption, thus generating different substances called mycotoxins the most highly harmful effects (carcinogenic, immunomodulatory,............

KeyWords: Food safety, foodborne illnesses, fungi, mycotoxins, mycotoxicosis

[1]. Urango Marchena, Luz A., Montoya Parra, Gina A., Cuadros Quiroz, María A., Henao, Diana C., Zapata, Paula A., López Mira, L., Castaño, E., Serna López, Ángela M., Vanegas, Claudia V., Loaiza, María C., Davahiva, Gómez B, Efecto de los compuestos bioactivos de algunos alimentos en la salud. Perspectivas en nutrición humana, 11(1), 2009, 27-38.
[2]. Gallego Picó, A, Características de los alimentos y control de calidad. Revista Aldaba Alimentos, calidad y seguridad alimentaria, Revista del Centro Asociado a la UNED de Melilla, 36, 2013, 13-34. www.uned.es/ca.melilla/
[3]. González Flores Tania, and Rojas Herrera Rafael Antonio, Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos y PCR: prevención y diagnóstico. Salud pública de México, 47:5, 2005, 388-390.
[4]. Tamara Díaz Lorenzo., Ángel E. Caballero Torres and Jorge R. Díaz Fernandez, (2008). Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos. Capítulo 16. In: Temas de higiene de los alimentos. Compilador. Angel E. Caballero Torres. Editorial ciencias médicas. pp.216-248.
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