IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-8 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2014

Abstract: Noise pollution is considered as more important environmental problem, especially in the industrialized and developed countries. Industrial noise is an important source of noise pollution, which annoys and disrupts the daily activities of workers. This study focuses on the industrial noise and its effects on workers. Thirteen different industries chosen randomly in Duhok city, in Kurdistan region, North of Iraq. To cover this study an instrument for measurement the sound level was used, in addition to a questionnaire contains (38) questions to study all the possible reported effects of noise on humans, (90) workers of different industries were chosen, the questionnaires were analysis to determine how much employees were affected by high noise levels in the workplace.

[1] Koffeman A, Kerkers A, Cost optimal reduction of noise in large industrial areas – a method to select measures, noise-con 2000. Newport Beach, California; December 03–05, (2000).
[2] Hayta AB, Effect on Work Environment Conditions Operating Efficiency. J. Commerce Tourism Educ. Fac., 1: 21-41, (2007).
[3] Akhtar H. N., Noise-induced hearing loss in traffic police constables, J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 6, 265-268, (1996).
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Abstract: Waste generation and its management are being widely debated across the globe and in recent years, it has become a niche spot. Both the developed and developing countries are trying to find out new ways for climate change mitigation and adoption options respectively. Global climate change is a burning issue and presently Bangladesh is facing grave situations. A large proportion of the waste is not properly managed and dumped in unplanned sites that are creating severe environmental hazards.

[1] Alamgir, M., and Ahsan, A., Municipal Solid Waste Management and Recovery Potential: Bangladesh perspective, Iran. J. Environ Health, Science Engineering 4(2), 2007, 67-76.
[2] Alam, M.R. and Sohel, M.H., Environmental Management in Bangladesh – a study on municipal solid waste management system in Chittagong, The Cost and Management, 36(3), 2008, 25.
[3] Enayetullah, I. and Hasmi, Q.S.I., Community based solid waste based management through public private community partnership: Experience of waste concern in Bangladesh 3R Asia Conference 2006, Tokyo, Japan.
[4] Dhaka City Corporation & Japan International Cooperation Agency. The Study on the Solid Waste Management in Dhaka City, prepared by Pacific Consultants International and Yachiyo Engineering Co. Ltd. 2005.
[5] F. I. Hai, and M. A. Ali, A Study on Solid Waste Management System of Dhaka City Corporation: Effect of Composting and Landfill Location, UAP Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1(1), 2005. 18-26.
[6] Aliani, H. A. Pro Poor solid waste management-For secondary cities and small towns in Asia and Pacific, Sustainable Urban Development Unit, ESCAP 2012.

Abstract: The present paper deals with the diversity, abundance and IUCN status of fresh water fish fauna in freshwater Lake of Kamalapur, Dist Karimnagar. Samples were collected monthly with help of local fishermen by using fishing nets. Total of 25 fishes are belonging to 7 orders, 11 families and 18 genera. Among fishes order Cypriniformes was most dominant with 11 fish species followed by order Siluriformes with six species, the order Perciformes with three species, Symbranchiformes with two species and Ostoeoglossiformes, Beloiniformes and Anguilliformes one species each. Of these, 13 species of fish are least concerned, 4 are data deficient (DD), 6 are not evaluate (NE), 1 species of fish is vulnerable and one species of fish is near threatened. Shannon-Weiner diversity (H-) and Evenness (J) for different months were calculated.

Keywords: Kamalapur fresh water lake, Fish diversity, Shannon-Weiner diversity (H-), Evenness (J) and IUCN status.

[1] Wilson EO (1992). Diversity of life, Birtib: W.W. & Company, Inc. p. 242.
[2] Kumar Niraj (2012). Study of Ichthyofaunal Biodiversity of Turkaulia Lake, East-Chaparan, Bihar, India. I. Res. J. Environment Sci. 1 (2), 21-24.
[3] Essetchi, P.K., Guy, G.T., Valentin, N.D., Gouli, G.B.I. and Tidiani, K., (2003). Fish diversity and its relationships with environmental variables in a West African basin. Hydrobiology, 505: 139-146.
[4] Kumar Niraj and Singh N.P (2013). Studies on the Ichthyofauna of Kararia Lake of Motihari East-Champaran, Bihar, India. Res. J. Animal Veterinary and Fishery Sci, Vol. 1 (4), 8-12.
[5] Sallam KI. (2007). Chemical sensory and shelf life evaluation of sliced salmon treated with salts of organic acids. Food Chem. 101(2):592-600.

Abstract: Length frequency, length-weight and relative condition factor of Ribbonfish, Lepturacanthus savala (Cuvier, 1829) from Karwar waters, Karnataka state was studied from December 2011 to December 2012 with the object of contributing additional information to the existing knowledge. Fish samples were collected monthly by random sampling method from fish landing centre Baithkol and Karwar fish market. Total 631 specimens ranging 100-630 were studied. Total length of fish was measured from tip of the lower jaw to the tip of the tail to the nearest mm; fish were weighed nearest to 0.1 grams by using, electronic weighing balance. The length measurements were converted in to length frequencies with constant class intervals of 50 mm. The mean lengths and weights were used for data analysis. Data for male and female fish were analysed separately. Values for 'a' and 'b' coefficients were calculated and the linear regression equations were obtained by using natural logarithmic transformations. The correlation r2 was calculated by using linear regression analysis. The relative values for Kn was determined by using equation. Obtained values for Kn were ranged between 0.9 to 1.18 for males and 0.8 to 1.16 for females.
Keywords : Lepturacanthus savala, Length Frequency, Length-Weight relationship, Ribbon fish, Relative Condition Factor

[1] CMFRI, 2012. Annual report of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala
[2] James, P.S.B.R., 1967. The ribbon fishes of the family Trichuridae of India. Memoir 1. Marine Biological Association of India pp: 226
[3] Morato, T., Afonso, P., Loirinho, P., Barreiros, J. P., Sanstos, R. S. and Nash, R. D. M. 2001.Length weight relationships for 21 coastal fish species of the Azores, North –Eastern Atlantic. Fisheries Research, 50 pp: 297-302
[4] *Lizama, M.D.A.P., And A.M. Ambrosio. 2002. Condition factor in 9 species of fish of the Characidea family in the upper Parana River floodpiain, Brazil. Braz. J. Biol., 62 (1)
[5] Sinovcic,G., Franicevic, M., Zorica, B.and Ciles-Kec, V. 2004.Length-weight and length-length relationship for 10 pelagic fish species from the Adriatic Sea(Croatia).J. of applied Ichthyology., 20 pp: 156-158

Abstract: In general the proximate composition is known as percentage composition of basic component such as water, protein, lipids, carbohydrate and minerals. The catfishArius maculatus and Plotosus lineatuswere separated into two parts: head and body.The head and body region of A.maculatus and P.lineatus having (24.93gm, 21.82 gm), (2.15gm,0.92 gm),(59.36gm, 43.07 gm),(4.42gm, 3.98 gm),(5.17gm, 3.01 gm),(42.17 gm,32.56 gm),(2.79 gm,1.98 gm),(65.04 gm,66.93 gm),(10.97gm,3.46 gm) and (7.26 gm,4.03 gm/100g) respectively.Totally nineteen amino acids observed in the both spotted catfish and striped eel catfish. The phenylalanine, lysine and valine are the main elements based on the quantum of availability of essential amino acids (EAA) in the head and body portion of catfish.The palmitic acid (0.655, 0.792mg and 0.735, 0.944mg) is the predominant fatty acid observed in head and body.Seven vitamins were found in the both catfish samples. They are Vitamin A, C, D, E, B6, B1 and Vitamin B12. Vitamin E (4.28 mg, 7.52 mg) (3.28mg, 5,45mg) is the predominant vitamin in head and body. Seven minerals were observed in both catfish sample like Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Na and K. Ca (108.4mg, 165.2mg), Zn (146mg, 5.45mg), Na (138.2mg, 164.8mg) are the predominant elementsin head and body region of catfish. This study exposed that this catfish species are able to struggle with more commercially utilize species in terms of nutritional value, and they can definitely also compete when it comes to taste.
Keywords: Amino acids, Arius maculatus, Fattyacid, Mineral, Plotosus lineatus.

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Abstract: Agricultural production in north-west part of Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to climate variability. Thus the present study has been conducted in Sapahar Upazila of Naogaon District, Bangladesh to explore the impact of climatic variations on crop yields using the climate data analysis and farm surveys. The local knowledge and resource based adaptation techniques adopted by the farmers has been also evaluated. To explore the vulnerability, the trend analysis of temperature, rainfall and relative humidity of the study area and its relation with the crop production has been examined. Then these statistical data has been compare with the farmer's views. Farmer's perception has been also assessed through semi-structured questionnaire by using purposive sampling technique. The study result shows that, the temperature and relative humidity of the region are increasing whereas the rainfall is decreasing in a sharp rate. The lower and irregular rainfall has increased the pressure on the ground water based supplementary irrigation which is one the main reasons for the depletion of ground water level gradually as the production is strongly correlated with the ground water level and irrigation development. In multiple regression analysis with crop yield and climatic and water resources variables, it is revealed that, 92, 42, 90, and 82% of the variance in aman, aus, boro and wheat respectively, can be explained by the present study. Majority of the farmer's said that climatic variation has hampered the production which responsible for the more requirement of the agriculture input. Local farmers responded that different climatic variation including temperature increase, monsoonal change, erratic rainfall, lower rainfall in the winter, prolonged dry spell etc which are also observed in the trend analysis of the climatic factors. Farmers also identified different consequences due to the climatic variation including lower production, delay of transplantation, required extensive irrigation, higher pest and viral attack etc. which ultimately reduce economic return. Local farmer's have adopted different coping mechanism to minimize the impact of climatic variation on crop production including change of transplantation time, cropping pattern change, digging small pond besides the land, selection of short duration species etc. The study concluded that the impact of climatic variations on crop yields in the study area is substantial especially under water scarcity conditions. The need to enhance farmer's adaptive strategies must be emphasized.
Keywords: adaptation, climatic variability, farmer's perception, vulnerability, water stress.

[1]. Ahmed, A.U. and Alam, M.A., 1999, "Development of Climate Change Scenarios with General Circulation Models", In
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change for Bangladesh. S. Huq, Z. Karim, M. Asaduzzaman and F. Mahtab (Eds.),: 13-20.
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Abstract: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is used traditionally for many therapeutic purposes. . Oxidative stress may be the main reason behind most histological and cellular effects of lead. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible hepatoprotective role of ginger against lead acetate induced hepatotoxicity in rats. . In the present investigation, lead acetate (200 mg/kg b.wt) was given orally to male rats for eight weeks to induce hepatotoxicity. The ginger was found to contain zingerone, gingerdiol, zingibrene, gingerols and shogaols. Lead-induced oxidative stress in liver tissue was indicated by significant decreased levels of liver reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Histologically, the liver showed several histological alterations such as degeneration of hepatocytes by necrosis and apoptosis, fatty changes and inflammatory cells infiltration. Ginger-I (200 mg/kg b.wt) and Ginger-II (300 mg/kg b.wt) markedly attenuated the previous lead-induced biochemical alterations in liver tissues as well as the histological and cellular changes. From this study, it can be concluded that the Zingiber officinale showed effective hepatoprotective and antioxidative action against lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Keywords: Ginger, Lead acetate, Oxidative stress, Antioxidants

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[2] A. Nayak, N.G. Nayak Ganganath, B, Soumya et al, Evaluation of antibacterial and anticandidial efficacy of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica). An invitro study. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy, 2(1), 2011, 230-235.
[3] A.J. Krentz, C.J. Bailey, Oral antidiabetic agents: current role in type 2 diabetes mellitus, Drugs, 65, 2005, 385-411.
[4] Y.K. Gupta, S. Briyal, Animal models of cerebral ischemia for evaluation of drugs, Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 48, 2004, 379–94.
[5] M.S. Baliga, R. Haniadka, M.M. Pereira, K.R. Thilakchand, S. Rao et al, Radioprotective effects of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger), Past, present and future. Food Funct, 3, 2012, 714-723.

Abstract: This study examines pollution levels of soils and water around two sites used as scrapyards in Abeokuta and Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria. Twenty-four soil samples and water samples from a stream and hand-dug well were collected from the scrapyards. Soil samples were obtained at two depths, 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm. Physicochemical parameters (pH, colour, temperature, conductivity and total dissolved solids) that affect the mobility of metals were also determined on both soil and water according to standard methods. Concentrations of heavy metals, namely Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb in both soil and water of the scrapyards were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometery (AAS). Generally, the levels of all heavy metals studied in the scrapyard area were found to be higher than those of the control samples. The levels of heavy metals also decreased at distances farther away from the scrapyard area. Heavy metal contaminations in the soils of the scrapyards were compared with International Standard Limits. The study revealed that concentrations of heavy metals in all samples collected from the Irokosun scrapyard in Lagos showed higher values of heavy metals compared to the concentrations in the control sites and the standard.
Keywords: Contamination, Heavy metal, Soil, Metal scrap, Pollution Load Index

[1]. W. Grzebisz, L. Cieśla, J. Komisarek, and J. Potarzycki, Geochemical Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution of Urban Soils. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 11(5), 2002, 493-499
[2]. C. H. Michael, Heavy metal Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Eds. E. Monosson & C. Cleveland. (Washington, D.C. 2010)
[3]. T. Sofilić, B. Bertić, V. Šimunić-Mežnarić, and I. Brnardić, Soil Pollution as a Result of Temporary Steel Scrap Storage at the Melt Shop. Ecologia Balkanica, Vol. 5, Issue 1. 2013. Article № eb.13101, http://eb.bio.uni-plovdiv.bg
[4]. O.A Al-Khashman, and R.A. Shawabkeh, Metals distribution in soils around the cement factory in southern Jordan, Environ Pollut. 140(3), 2006, 387 - 394.
[5]. S. Xu, and S. Tao, Coregionalization analysis of Heavy metals in the surface soils of Inner Mongolia. The Science of the Total Environment. 320, 2004. 73-87