IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-8 ~ Issue-5 ~ May 2014

Abstract: Today we have the necessary technology, resources and capacity to address every issue on the planet. Never before in the history of mankind, have human beings been as capable as we are today. We are living in a time when we have to think of protecting and conserving all that has ventured us. For the first time we have to talk of protecting the planet, in fact it was the planet that always took care of us. It is not hard to see how western attitudes towards nature led to the current crisis. We have mastered some living things and destroyed others. We have transformed the natural world but not conquered it. Time and again we have paid dearly for abusing the web of life. In this paper an attempt has been made to examine the role of Industrialised/developed countries behind Global Warming (increase in global temperatures) and Climate Change, with the help of tables and figures. The paper would also provide suggestions and strategies to mitigate the effects of Global Warming and Climate Change.
Keywords: Carbon sink, Climate Change, Developed World, Industrial Revolution, Green-house Gases, Mitigation Strategies

[1]. India stresses on Kyoto standards, The Times of India, Delhi, 12 May 2007
[2]. Global Warming and Climate Change, The Times of India, Delhi, 8 August 2007
[3]. The Times of India,29 November 2011
[4]. The Spence Solution, The Times of India 24 September 2009
[5]. Global Warming and Climate Change, The Times of India, Delhi, 8 August 2007
[6]. The Spence Solution, The Times of India 24 September 2009

Abstract: The wide spread and distressing heart disease related to smoking resulting from increased level in plasma total cholesterol was the focus of this work. The effect of smoking on serum cholesterol and urea levels of 160 subjects consisting of 80 smokers and 80 nonsmokers (control) was investigated. Total cholesterol and urea levels were determined by enzymatic colorimetric end point (CHOD-PAP) increasing reaction (diagnostic reagent for quantitative invitro determination of cholesterol in serum or plasma on photometric system) and modified Berthelot methods respectively. The mean cholesterol levels were 7.35+0.27mmol/l and 3.34+1.99mmol/l for the smokers and nonsmokers respectively while the mean serum urea level were 9.30+1.14mmol/l and 3.85+0.04mmol/l for the smokers and nonsmokers respectively. There was statistical significant difference in the mean cholesterol and urea levels between smokers and nonsmokers (control) using the student "d"tests. The work showed that the mean serum total cholesterol and urea concentrations were higher for smokers than nonsmokers indicating that smokers are predisposed to cardiovascular disease and possible renal problem.
Key Words: Cholesterol, Nonsmokers, Smokers, Peer pressure, Risky behavior, Urea.

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Abstract: The product was developed with both probiotic and Prebiotic incorporation. The probiotics used were Lactobacillus Bulgaricus and Sreptococcus Thermophilus as live starter cultures and the prebiotic was Fructo – oligosaccharide. In addition to this Sweet potato was also added for the stabilization of yoghurt. So the study was conducted to develop a symbiotic yoghurt incorporating sweet potato, to know the consumer acceptability, to determine the shelf life, to evaluate the physico chemical and nutritional parameters of product. In the research work product was formulated and standardised with live probiotics and prebioic combinaion. The product formulations were done in three combinations with different proportions of ingredients. As T1, T2 and T3, the proportions prepared as T1( Plain yoghurt ), T2 ( Plain Yoghurt + FOS ), T3 (Live Active Culture 3%). So the double tonned milk was used for the development of low fat yoghurt. The milk was pasteurized, homogenised and stabilized with boiled and mashed sweet potato divided into three samples with different formulations. The respective formulations are made and kept in incubator for 3 hours, at 41 – 420C and immediately transferred to refrigerator, stored at 40C for further analysis. All the three formulations were subjected to evaluation for Physico chemical and nutritional analysis. Microbial analysis was done to know the shelf life of product. The microbial count estimation were done for bacteria, yeast and Mould count for twice keeping the product for 21 days of storage life. The results from sensory analysis showed that there was a difference in colour attribute T1 sample was more attractive than T2 and T3. In flavor T3 scored high compared to T1 and T2 as the live active culture incorpaorated in 1:1 ratio. In appearance T2 scored more thanT1 and T3. In texture and acceptability T3 sample was the best accepted from consumers. The product T3 sample yoghurt was the best suited with correct proportion of ingredients, 30% sweet potato was suited for good quality product development.
Keywords: Probiotic and Prebiotic, Symbiotic yoghurt.

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[5]. Carr, B. T., Meilgaard, M. and Civille, G. V. Sensory evaluation techniques. Washington, DC: CRC Press. 1999.
[6]. Dempsters. 2007. Introducing fibre with a difference, a prebiotic difference Stephen Olmstead, M.D., David Wolfson, N.D., Dennis Meiss, Ph.D and Janet Ralston, B.S. 2008. Klaire labsTM A division of Prothera, inc. 1-8.
[7]. Donini, L.M, Savina, C and Cannella, C. 2009. "Nutrition in the elderly – the role of fiber".Archives of Gerontology Geriatrics. Supplement 1: 61-69.

Abstract: Cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) flour was cooked and extruded in a single screw extruder (DD85G, 201132, IBG Monforts Gmbhi & Co, D-4050 Monchengladbach, Germany). A second order central composite response surface design was adopted in designing the experiment which generated 20 runs on selected process parameters including feed moisture (22,24,26%), screw speed (60,70,80rpm) and barrel temperature (200,220,2400C) on the functional and physical properties (density, expansion, water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI) and textural characteristics) of the extrudates. At high feed moisture content there was increase in extrudates density, decrease in expansion, increase in WAI, decrease in WSI and increase in hardness while high barrel temperature lead to decrease in extrudates density, WAI and hardness but increased the expansion ratio and WSI of the extrudates.
Keywords: Cocoyam, single screw extrusion, physical and functional properties

[1]. S.Chandra, Edible aroids development studies centre, Australian. (National University Camberra, Clarendon Press Oxford, 1984).
[2]. I.A.Ojiako, G.N. Asumugha, and C.N.E. Ezedinma, Analysis of production trends in the major root and tuber crops in Nigeria, 1961-2005. Research in Crops 8(2) 2007,371-380.
[3]. B.C. Okoye, C.E. Onyenweaku, O.O. Ukoha, G. N. Asumugha and O.C. Aniedu, Determinants of labour productivity on small-holder cocoyam farms in Anambra State, Nigeria. Scientific Research Essay Vol (3) 2008, 559-561.
[4]. L.T. Ogunniyi, Profit efficiency among cocoyam producers in Osun State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agricuture Economics & Rural Develop. 1(1) 2008,38-46.
[5]. S. Sefa-Dedeh and E.A Agyir- Sackey, Chemical composition and the effect of processing on oxalate content of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium and Colocasia esculenta) cormels. Food Chemistry 85, 2004, 479-487.

Abstract: The present study was designed to investigate the quality of Bheema river water on its potability and haematological parameters on albino rats. The rats were divided into four groups and were fed with Bheema river water subsequently for one day, four day and seven day. The rats of control group received only normal tap water, where as group one, group two, and group three were fed with Bheema river water for one day four day and seven day. The rats treated for two days have shown significant reduction in the Hemoglobin content and, differential counts compared to other group. Simultaneously we have checked the various physical and chemical parameters of Bheema river water where we observed significant variations in the chemical analysis of the water quality compare to normal water which shows that the Bheema river water is polluted and not good for drinking purpose.
Key words: Bheema River water, Haematological, Physicochemical parameters, Rattus norvegicus, Water parameters.

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Abstract: Five improved sesame varieties (Sesamum indicum) namely E8, 01M, 02M, 03L, and Ex-Sudan were screened in the laboratory for varietal susceptibility to the rust red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). The physicochemical properties of fixed oil extracted from each variety were also determined. Weight of 100 seeds and mortality of T. Castaneum in different sesame varieties were significant (P<0.05). The number of emerged F1 larvae from the seeds was significantly different (P< 0.05) among the five varieties with the large-seeded variety (03L) recording the lowest number (1.15). Percentage adult mortality of T. castaneum was positively correlated to percentage oil content of the sesame varieties (r = 0.56; p<0.01); negative correlation was observed between oil pH and larva emergence (r = 0.47; p<0.05). The importance of some physicochemical parameters of sesame oil as indicators of resistance in sesame seeds to T. castaneum and their potential use to generate resistant lines is implied by this work.
keywords: Sesame indicum, Susceptibility, Tribolium castaneum, Varietal resistance

[1]. Abou-Gharbia, H.A., Shehata, A.A.Y, and Shahidi, F. (2000). Effect of processing on oxidative stability and lipid classes of sesame oil. Food Research International, 33, 331-340.
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[5]. Post Harvest Pocket Guide (1986). Stored-grain insects. Integrated Pest Management Purdue University Cooperative Extension Services. ID 215. Agric Handbook Nos 500. p.101

Abstract: The Velliangiri hill of Western Ghats in Tamilnadu was chosen for a comprehensive study on bacterial diversity because there was no previous report on bacterial biodiversity from this region. Soil samples were collected from 7 sub hills, Velliangiri hills. Culture dependent studies were performed to explore bacterial species from collected samples. Overall 101 bacterial isolates were isolated based on their characteristical and microscopical observations. Statistical analysis (Shannon & Simpson) was recorded. From the results of statistical analysis the bacterial colonies were dominant and more diverse in the Aandisunai hill and less diverse in Paambaatti hill. The Simpson's index is always reciprocal to Shannon index. The bacterial isolates which were isolated from Velliangiri hills had the ability to produce different enzymes like amylase, cellulase, pectinase, proteinase, and lipase. Among the isolates, the 10 enzyme producing bacterial cultures were screened based on their ability to produce more than two enzymes. Based on the protein profiling techniques (using MALDI analysis), the isolates were identified. They are Bacillus mycoides, Rhodococcus equi, Sphingomonas koreensis, Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium clostridioforme, Bacillus mojavensis, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, and Paenibacillus glucanolyticus. Among the bacterial isolates, Pseudomonas alcaligenes alone produces all the five enzymes. Hence, the diverse environment of Velliangiri hills provides sufficient diversity to explore the place for various microorganisms for bioprospecting.
Keywords: Velliangiri hills, bacterial diversity, statistical analysis, enzyme producer, MALDI

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[3]. Dastager, S.G., Deepa, C.K., Puneet, S.C., Nautiyal, C.S., Pandey, A. 2009. Isolation and characterization of plant growth-promoting strain Pantoea NII-186. From Western Ghat forest soil, India. Appl. Microbiol. 49: 20-25.
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