iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2014

Abstract: Introduction: Although long thoracic nerve palsy is the classical pathogenesis of winging scapula, it may also be caused by osteochondroma. We report a rare case of a scapular osteochondroma arising from the medial border and causing a pseudowinging of the scapula.

[1] Bloch AM,Nevo Y,Ben-Sira L,Harel S,Shahar E. Winging of the scapula in a child with hereditary exostoses. Pediatr. Neurol.2002; 26; 74-76.
[2] Danielsson LG, el –Haddad I. Winged scapula due to osteochondroma. report of three children. Acta Orthop Scand.1989; 60; 728-729.
[3] Fiddian NJ, King RJ. The winged scapula. Clin Orthop.1984; 185; 228-236.
[4] Cooley LH, Torg JS. Pseudowinging of the scapula secondary to subscapular osteochondroma. Clin Orthop.1982; 162; 119-124.
[5] Lynch AF,Fogarty EE,Dowling FE.Pseudowinging of the scapula due to osteochondroma. J. pediatr Orthop , 1985;5;722-724.
[6] Kumar N ,Ramachandran V ,Johnson GV,Southern S. Endoscopically assisted excision of subscapular osteochondroma. Acta Orthop Scand.1999; 70; 394-396.
[7] Milch H. Partial scapulectomy for snapping of the scapula. J Bone JOINT surgery Am.1950; 32-A; 561-566.
[8] Parson TA . The snapping scapula and subscapular exostoses. J Bone and joint surgery Br.1973; 55; 345-349.
[9] Strizak AM, Cowen MH,. The snapping scapular syndrome. A case report. J Bone And Joint Surgery Am.1982;64;941-942.
[10] Garrison RC, Unni KK,,McLeod RA. Chondrosarcoma arising in osteochondroma. J Cancer; 1982, 49;1890-1897.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An Audit of the central venous catheterization in the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Adamu Sadiq Abubakar, Ahmed Mohammed, Usman M. Tela, Yusuf Sambo Tanimu
	:	10.9790/0853-13320407

Abstract: To audit the central venous catheterization of patients in the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria. This was a cross sectional prospective study of all patients scheduled for central venous catheterization (CVC) in our centre form January, 2009 – December, 2012. Following counselling and consent obtained on either Subclavian vein (SCV) approach or the Internal Jugular vein (IJV) approach was documented. A total of 780 patients were reviewed during the period under review.

1. Edgeworth J. Intravascular catheter infection. J Hosp Infect. 2009; 73(4): 323-330
2. Mermel LA. What is the predominant source of intravascular catheter infections? Clin Infect Dis. 2011; 52(2): 211-212.
3. Maki DG,  Kluger DM, Crnich CJ. The risk of bloodstream infection in adults with different intravascular devices: A systematic review of 200 published prospective studies. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006; 81(9): 1159-1171.
4. KDOQ1. Clinical practices guidelines for vascular access. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006; 48: 248-257.
5. Pisoni RL, Young EW, Dykstra DM. Vascular access use in Europe and the United States: Results from the DOPPS. Kidney Int 2002; 61: 323-330.
6. Sznajder JI, Zveibil FR, Bitterman H. Central vein catheterization: Failure and complication rates by three percutaneous approaches. Arch Intern Med. 1989; 146: 259-261.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Gene Expression of Formyl Peptide Receptor 1 in Eosinophils of Iraqi Patients with Extrinsic Allergic Asthma
Country	:	Iraq
Authors	:	Raed F. Alaouadi(FICMS) , Abdul-Kareem Salman Saqban (Ph. D)
	:	10.9790/0853-13320812

Abstract: The formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) is a member of the seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors family, mainly expressed by polymorphonuclear and mononuclear phagocytes and play a role in chemotaxis, killing of microorganisms through phagocytosis, and plays a important role players in innate immunity and host defense. The expression of (FPR1) in eosinophils has been investigated intensively with many diseases. In this study we explain regulation of (FPR1) expression in eosinophils during allergic disease such as (extrinsic Asthma). The study were conducted by using Reverse Transcription Real-Time PCR technique, and the fold changes of (FPR1) were estimated in the house dust mite (HDM) hypersensitive asthmatic patients group and birch pollen hypersensitive asthmatic patients group as well as healthy control group. The results show that there are high significant increase fold changes of (FPR1) expression (up regulation) in eosinophils of HDM hypersensitive asthmatic patients group. In contrast, birch pollen hypersensitive asthmatic patients group have no significant increase in FPR1 expression when compared with healthy control group. In conclusion, we concluded that formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) that expressed by eosinophils have potential role in immune regulation and allergic diseases mainly extrinsic asthma when patients exposed to exogenous aggressive factor such as house dust mite.

[1] Carp H (1982). Mitochondrial N-formyl methionyl proteins as chemoattractants for neutrophils. J Exp Med 155: 264–275.
[2] Ye RD, Boulay F, Wang JM, Dahlgren C, Gerard C, et al. (2009). International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXIII. Nomenclature for the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) family. Pharmacol Rev 61: 119–161.
[3] Rabiet MJ, Huet E and Boulay F (2007) The N-formyl peptide receptors and the anaphylatoxin C5a receptors: an overview. Biochimie 89: 1089–1106.
[4] Svensson, L., Rudin, A. and Wenners, C., Allergen extracts direct lymobilize and activate human eosinophils. Eur. J. Immunol. 2004. 34:1744–1751.
[5] Plotz, S. G., Traidl-Hoffmann, C., Feussner, I., Kasche, A., Feser, A., Ring,J., Jakob, T. and Behrendt, H., Chemotaxis and activation of human peripheral blood eosinophils induced by pollen-associated lipid mediators. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2004. 113: 1152–1160.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Primary Pure Ovarian Choriocarcinoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Udoye E. P., Omietimi J. E., Kotingo E.L.
	:	10.9790/0853-13321316

Abstract: Primary ovarian choriocarcinoma is a rare tumour which could either be of gestational or nongestational origin. Differentiating one from the other is difficult but important for effective treatment because the nongestational type has a poor prognosis. We present a case of primary pure ovarian choriocarcinoma occurring in a nullipara with no pregnancy history.

Keywords: primary, ovarian, choriocarcinoma, gestational, nongestational.

[1] Mishra SK, Crasta JA. Primary Choriocarcinoma of the ovary – a case report. Journal of clinical and Diagnostic Research (Serial Online) 2008 December (Cited: 2008 December 1); 2: 1207 – 1209.
[2] Gerbie MV, Brewer JI, Tamini H. Primary choriocarcinoma of the ovary. Obstet Gynecol 1975:46:720-723.
[3] Exman P, Takahashi TK, Gattas GK, Cantagalli VD, Anton C, Nalesso F et al. Primary ovary choriocarcinoma: individual DNA polymorphic analysis as a strategy to confirm diagnosis and treatment. Rare tumours 2013; 5(2):89-92.
[4] Axe SR, Klein VR, Woodruff JD, choriocarcinoma of the ovary. Obstet Gynaecol 1985; 66:111-114.
[5] Tsujioka H, Hamada H, Miyakawa T, Hachisuga T, Kawarabayashi T. A pure nongestational choriocarcinoma of the ovary diagnosed with DNA polymorphism analysis. Gynec Oncol 2003;89:540-542.
[6] Gangadharan VP, Matthew BS, Kumar KS, Chitrathara K. Primary Choriocarcinoma of the ovary. Indian J cancer. 1999;36: 213-215.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Influence of Different Gingival Thickness on Stress to Implant-Supported Overdenture and Bone
Country	:	Egypt
Authors	:	Mohamed I. El-Anwar, Mohamed S. El-Mofty, Usama M. Fawzy
	:	10.9790/0853-13321723

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the role of gingival thickness on stress distribution of implants-retained mandibular complete overdenture using finite element method. A computer aided design (CAD) software and finite element analysis (FEA) software were utilized to construct three dimensional (3D) models on a personal computer to analyze the proposed problem. The three models had different gingival thicknesses ranged 1, 2, and 3mm. Unilateral masticatory loads of 150 N were applied on overdenture in a vertical direction, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the implant, and 45o oblique. Loads were directed towards the central fossa in the molar region of the overdenture to form six load cases. Location of maximum Von Mises stress on gingival tissue was found at the model tip close to the load application point where the overdenture and cortical bone squeezed the gingival tissue.

Keywords: Finite Element Analysis, Implant supported overdenture, Gingival thickness.

[1] DD Epstein, PL Epstein, BI Cohen, and MK Pagnillo. Comparison of the retentive properties of six prefabricated post overdenture attachment systems. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 82(5), 1999, 579-584.
[2] EP Holmgren, RJ Seckinger, LM Kilgren, and F Mante. Evaluating parameters of osseointegrated dental implants using finite element analysis - a two dimensional comparative study examining the effects of implant diameter, implant shape, and load direction. Journal of Oral Implantology. 24(2), 1998, 80–88.
[3] MI MacEntee, JN Walton, and N Glick. A clinical trial of patient satisfaction and prosthodontic needs with ball and bar attachments for implant-retained complete overdentures: three-year results. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 93(1), 2005, 28-37.
[4] T Jemt, J Chai, J Harnett, MR Heath, JE Hutton, RB Johns, S McKenna, DC McNamara, D van Steenberghe, R Taylor, RM Watson, and I Herrmann. A five years prospective multicenter follow-up report on overdentures supported by osseointegrated implants. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. 11(3), 1996, 291–298.
[5] SM Heckmann, W Winter, M Meyer, HP Weber, and MG Wichmann. Overdenture attachment selection and the loading of implant and denture-bearing area. Part 1: In vivo verification of stereolithographic model. Clinical Oral Implants Research. 12(6), 2001, 617–23.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Study on Infant Mortality in a Rural Block of West Bengal, India
Country	:	India
Authors	:	RonjoyMajumder, SurajitLahiri, Himanish Roy, NabanitaChakraborty, SunetraKaviraj
	:	10.9790/0853-13322426

Abstract:Infant mortality isa sensitive indicator of a broad range of factors affecting children's health.Objectives: 1) To find out the infant mortality rate inAmdanga block . 2) To determine the various causes associated with infant mortality.Methodology:It is a retrospective record based study.Data on infant death were collected from government health records maintained at AmdangaBlock Primary Health Centre,North 24 Parganas, West Bengal for the period of 5 years(2008-2012).Results:The infant mortality rate over this period was 17.8 per 1000 live births.Majority of death occurred in the neonatal period(83.6%).The main causes of neonatal deaths were low birth weight including prematurity(30.9%),birth asphyxia(19.3%),whereas the most common cause of post-neonatal death was acute respiratory tract infection(34.7%).

[1] World health report 2005:Make every mother and child count.Geneva:WHO;2005.
[2] Lawn JE,CousensS,Zupan J. 4 million neonatal deaths:When?Where?Why?Lancet 2005;365:891-900.
[3] MausnerJS,Kramer S.Mausner&Bahn Epidemiology :An introductory text.2nd ed.Philadelphia;W.B.Saunders.1985:100-102.
[4] Park JE,ParkK.Park's Textbook of preventive and Social Medicine.22nded.Jabalpur(India);M/S BanarsidasBhanot
Publishers.2013:523-526.
[5] MirFattahiM,AghaBakshi H.Papers of UNICEF and WHO.Teheran;Medical Education Publisher(Persian).1985:24.
[6] Govt of India(2012),Sample Registration Survey Report 2010,No.1 of 2012,Ministry of Home Affairs,New Delhi.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Apexification of Immature Teeth Using Novel Apical Matrices and MTA Barrier: Report of Two Cases
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr.Pradnya Bansode, Dr.Chetan Ahire, Dr.Seema Pathak, Dr. Kundan Dekate
	:	10.9790/0853-13322731

Abstract: There are a number protocols to manage non-vital open-apex teeth such as apexification, apical barrier technique (one-visit apexification), orthograde root filling using MTA, triple antibiotic paste, and tissue engineering concept. Aim of this paper is to highlight the use of the novel materials such as PRF and DFDBA to be used as apical matrix in management of non vital open apex cases. Keywords: Demineralized freeze dried bone allograft (DFDBA), MTA, open apex, Platelet rich fibrin (PRF), single step apexification,

[1] Seltzer S. Endodontology: Biologic Considerations in Endodontic Procedures, 2nd edn. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1988.
[2] American Association of Endodontists Glossary of Endodontic Terms, 7th edn. Chicago: American Association of Endodontists, 2003.
[3] Rafter M. Apexification: a review. Dent Traumatol 21: 1–8, 2005.
[4] Sheehy EC, Roberts GJ. Use of calcium hydroxide for apical barrier formation and healing in nonvital immature permanent teeth: a review. Br Dent J, 183: 241–6, 1997.
[5] Dominguez Reyes A, Munoz Munoz L, Aznar Martin T. Study of calcium hydroxide apexification in 26 young permanent incisors. Dent Traumatol, 21: 141–5, 2005.
[6] Lolayekar N, Bhat SS, Hegde S. Sealing ability of ProRoot MTA and MTA-Angelus stimulating a one-step Apical barrier technique – an in vitro study. J Clin Pediatr Dent, 33(4): 305–310, 2009.
[7] Andreasen JO, Farik B, Munksgaard EC. Long-term calcium hydroxide as a root canal dressing may increase risk of root fracture. Dent Traumatol, 18: 134–7, 2002.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Intraosseous Route with Epidural Needle for Emergency Intraoperative Resuscitation and Reversal in Pediatric Emergency Surgery
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr Chethanananda T N, Dr Mamatha H S, Dr Sagar G C, Dr Shashank M R
	:	10.9790/0853-13323233

Abstract: Intravenous line is the lifeline for anaesthesiologists. Intravenous cannulation poses a great challenge in infants and in hypovolumic patients. Intraosseous route can be a easiest way to administer fluids and drugs in such situations. Very few case reports are available regarding the use of intraosseous route for the purpose of anaesthesia. Here we are reporting a case of a pediatric emergency surgery conducted in the early hours with only an intraosseous line for purpose of anaesthesia.

Keywords: Pediatric emergency, Intraosseous, Resuscitation

[1] Banerjee S, Sunit C S,Singh S, Singh M. The intraosseous route is a suitable alternative to intravenous route for fluid resuscitation
in severely dehydrated children, Indian pediatrics, volume 31, December 1994,1511-20.
[2] Foëx B A, Discovery of the intraosseous route for fluid administration, j accid emerg med 2000;17:136–137
[3] Drinker C K, Drinker K R , Lund C C. the circulation in the mammalian bone marrow. american journal of physiology1922;62:1-92
[4] Glaeser P W, Losek J D. Emergency intraosseous infusions in children. Am J Emerg Med 1986, 4: 34-36.
[5] Albonico HU, Ndakaiteyi M. Bone marrow rehydration in a busy district hospital pediatric ward. Cent Afr J Med 1984, 30:143-145.
[6] Kramer GC, Walsh JC, Hands RD, et al. Resuscitation of hemorrhage with intraosseous infusion of hypertonic saline/ dextran. Braz
J Med Biol Res 1989, 22:283-286.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Orthopedic Surgeon and Scientific Publications: Understanding the Symbiosis
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr Imran Sajid, Dr Sandeep Kumar, Dr Javed Jameel, Dr Sukhvinder Singh, Dr Ashok Kumar
	:	10.9790/0853-13323442

Abstract: Scientific publications have always been an integral part of an orthopedic surgeon's curriculum. Publication of one's work in a scientific journal gives an extra edge to a person's curriculum vitae. This article provides basic understanding as to the needs and demands in today's time for scientific presentations. It also provides guidelines about writing a scientific paper and helps in understanding the intricacies related to impact factor, authorship, plagiarism.

Keywords: Scientific publication, impact factor, authorship.

[1] Day RA. How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper.1983.Second edn. ISI Press, Philadelphia
[2] O'Connor M. Writing Successfully in Science.1995.Chapman & Hall, London
[3] Peat J, Elliott E, Baur L, Keena V. Scientifc Writing - Easy when you know how. BMJ Books, London (2002)
[4] Davis M. Scientific Papers and Presentations.1997.Academic Press, SanDiego
[5] Berry R. How to Write a Research Paper. Second edn. Pergamon Press, Oxford(1986)
[6] Scott James. How to write a paper for a journal. IJO 2007 ;41:55-56

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Comparative Study Of Preloading Efficacy Of Ringer's Lactate V/S 6% Heta Starch Solutions In Preventing Hypotensionfollowing Spinal Anaesthesia.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	DrSheikh Imran, DrSampathilaPadmanabha ,DrHabeeb Rehman, Dr Ayaskant Sahoo
	:	10.9790/0853-13324348

Abstract: Hypotension during spinal anaesthesia is common and can cause significantmorbidity and mortality. Prior to spinal anaesthesia fluid administration isrecommended to reduce the incidence of hypotension and this is referred to aspreloading. Crystalloids and colloids are routinely tried as pre loading fluids but there is still considerable debate over their effectivenessas a pre loading. A comparative study was under taken to compare the hemodynamic changes of Ringers lactate v/s Hydroxy ethyl starch in 60 ASA grade-I &II patients posted for lower abdominal and lower limb elective surgeries and allocated into two groups.

[1] Wylie and ChurchillDavidson's A Practice of Anaesthesia. 6th edition.
[2] BarashClinical Anesthesia 5th edition p-374

[3] Miller Roland D Miller's Anaesthesia. - 7th Ed Chapter-54
[4] Perel P, Roberts I, Ker K et al. "Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 2

[5] Mojica JL, Melendez HJ, Bautista LE et al. "The timing of intravenous crystalloid administration and incidence of cardiovascular side effects during spinal anesthesia: the results from a randomized controlled trial". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2002 Feb;94(2):432-7

[6] Fu-qing Lin, Cheng Li, Li-jun Zhang, Shu-kun Fu, Guo-qiang Chen, Xiao-hu Yang, Chun-yan Zhu, and Quan Li et al "Effect of Rapid Plasma Volume Expansion during Anesthesia Induction on Haemodynamics and Oxygen Balance in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery".International Journal Medical Sciences. 2013; 10(4): 355–361.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Morbidity Pattern in Geriatric Patients Attending a General Out-Patient's Clinic in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria: A Society with No Social Support System.
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Dr. Sunday Bassey Udoh, MBBS, FWACP, FMCFM, Dr. Alphonsus Udo Idung, MBBS, FWACP
	:	10.9790/0853-13324954

Abstract: Background: In developing countries, currently there is a paradigm shift from communicable to non-communicable diseases causing severe morbidity among the elderly population. Despite this, social support system for this slowly increasing population is lacking living them with the full burden of providing for their health care needs. This study is aimed at assessing morbidity pattern among the elderly patients using a tertiary health care institution in Nigeria.

[1] Yach D, Hawkes C, Gould CL, Hofman KJ. The global burden of chronic diseases: Overcoming the impediments to prevention and control. JAMA 2004; 291: 2616-2622.
[2] Adebusoye LA, Ladipo MM, Owoaje ET, Ogunbode AM. Morbidity pattern amongst elderly patients presenting at a primary care clinic in Nigeria African J Primary Health Care& Family Medicine. 2011; 3(1).1-6.
[3] Iloh G, Amadi AN, Awa-Madu J. Common geriatric emergencies in a rural hospital in South-Eastern Nigeria.Niger J ClinPract 2012; 15:333-7.
[4] WHO Issues New Healthy Life Expectancy Rankings,WHO Press Release in Washington, D.C. and Geneva Switzerland; June,2000.4, 1-5
[5] Akanji B.O., Ogunniyi A., Baiyewu O., Healthcare forolder persons, a country profile: Nigeria, Journal of the American Geriatric Society,200250(7),1289-1292
[6] Murray CJL, Lopez D. Global mortality, disability and the contribution of risk factors: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997; 349: 1436-1442.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Clinical Study of Anterior Uveitis in a Rural Hospital
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr.Anitha.S.Maiya, Dr.Sundip Shenoy
	:	10.9790/0853-13325559

Abstract: Background: Uveitis is a complex intraocular inflammatory disease that results from several aetiological entities. Anterior uveitis is the most common form of uveitis and is commonly seen in young adults. This study was undertaken to evaluate the modes of presentation, aetiology and complications of anterior uveitis among the rural population. Methods: a prospective clinical study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B.G.Nagara. All patients aged between 20-80 years who presented with anterior uveitis were studied.

[1] Rathinam SR.CME series. All India Ophthalmological Soceity. Uveitis made simple-Work up and management.20:1-42.
[2] Rathinam SR, Namperumalswamy P. Global variation and pattern changes in epidemiology of uveitis. Indian j Ophthalmol. 2007;55(3):173-183.
[3] Nussenblatt RB, WhitcupSM. Uveitis fundamentals and clinical practice. 3rd edition. Pennysylvania (PA):Mosby;2004: 273-286.
[4] Yanoff M, Duker JS, Augsburger JJ, Azad DT, Diamond GR, Dutton JJ et al. Ophthalmology 2nd edition Missouri(MO):Mosby;2004:1105-1113.
[5] Power JW. Introduction to uveitis. In Albert DM , Jakobiec FA, Azar DT, Gragoudas ES, Power SM, Robinson NL. Principles and practice of Ophthalmology. 2nd edn. Vol.2 Pennsylvania(A):WB Saunders company; 2000. p1189-1216.
[6] Venkataraman A, Rathinam SR. A pre- and post treatment of vision related quality of life in uveitis. Indian J Ophthalmol.2008;56:307-312.
[7] Duke-Elder S, Perkins ES. Diseases of the uveal tract. In: Duke-Elder S. Eds System of Ophthalmology. Vol 9. London:Henry Kimpton; 1966. p39-594.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Actions of L-citrulline on gastric mucus secretion and gastric mucous cell counts in albino rats
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Oluwole, F.S., Adebayo-Gege,G.I, Folarin,S.A
	:	10.9790/0853-13326065

Abstract: Oral L-citrulline is efficiently converted to L-arginine, the precursor for endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthesis.Nitric oxide NO enhances gastric mucus production. This study investigates the role of nitric oxide as up regulator of mucus secretion and mucous cell count in the stomach. Sixty Adult male albino rats, weighing between 180-210 g were used for the experiment. They were divided into two study groups, (gastric mucus secretion study group, gastric mucus cell count study group), of thirty rats per group and each group was further subdivided into five groups with six (n=6) rats in each group. Group (I) served as control. Group (II) was treated with L-Citrulline (600mg/kg) for five days. Group (III) received L-Citrulline (900mg/kg) for five days. Group (IV) received L-Arginine (200mg/kg) and group (V) was treated with misoprostol (100μg/kg).

[1] Singha S, Khajuriaa A, Tanejab SC, Khajuriab RK, Singha S, Qazia GNThe gastric ulcer protective effect of boswellic acids, a leukotriene inhibitor from Boswellia serrata, in rats. Phytomedicine,2008,15(6-7): 408-415
[2] Taddei S, Ghiadoni L, Virdis A, Versari D, Salvetti A. Mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction: clinical significance and preventive non-pharmacologicaltherapeutic strategies. Curr Pharm Des 2003; 9:2385–2402.
[3] Flam BR, Eichler DC, Solomonson LP. Endothelial nitric oxide production is tightly coupled to the citrulline-NO cycle. Nitric Oxide 2007; 17:115–121.3
[4] Schwedhelm E, Maas R, Freese R, Jung D, Lukacs Z, Jambrecina A, Spickler W,Schulze F, Böger RH Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism. Br J Clin Pharmacol; 2008, 65:51–59.
[5] Waugh WH, Daeschner CW, Files BA, McConnell ME, Strandjord SE.: Oral citrulline as arginine precursor may be beneficial in sickle cell disease: early phasetwo results. J Natl Med Assoc; 2001,93:363–371

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Watermelon (citrullus lanatus) on pulse rate and blood pressure in healthy individuals
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	OluwoleF.S, , Adebayo- Gege G.I, Abaya. J. G ,Atsukwei D
	:	10.9790/0853-13326669

Abstract: Watermelon is really useful, healthy and its great properties are well known to the world since ancient times. It has been reported that watermelon has an ingredient that deliver Viagra-like effects to the body's blood vessels and may even increase libido. This work was done to determine the effect of watermelon on pulse rate and blood pressure in healthy individuals. A total number of 40 adult human beings (20 males, 20 females) were randomly selected for use in this experiment. Watermelonwas given to each subject daily for seven days of experimental period respectively.The pulse rate was taken before and after the meal using palpation and the blood pressure was measured by auscultatory method.

[1] Anon. National Watermelon Promotion Board.visited May 2010b. www.water.org
[2] Bredt, D.S., and Snyder, S.H.. Isolation of nitric oxidesynthase, a calmodulin-requiring enzyme. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.U.S.A. 1990, 87(2): 682–685. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.2.682. PMID: 1689048.
[3] Solomonson, L.P., Flam, B.R., Pendleton, L.C., Goodwin, B.L., and Eichler, D.C. 2003.The caveolar nitric oxide synthase/arginine regeneration system for NO production in endothelial cells. J. Exp.Biol. 206(12): 2083–2087.
[4] Sheridan, B.C., McIntyre, R.C., Jr, Meldrum, D.R., and Fullerton, D.A. 1998. L-arginine prevents lung neutrophil accumulation andpreserves pulmonary endothelial function after endotoxin. Am. J.Physiol. 274(3 Pt. 1): L337–L342. PMID:9530168
[5] Hayashi, T., Juliet, P.A.R., Matsui-Hirai, H., Miyazaki, A., Fukatsu,Izhar, U., Schwalb, H., Borman, J.B., and Merin, G..Cardioprotective effect of L-arginine in myocardial ischemia andreperfusion in an isolated 'working rat heart model. J. Cardiovasc.Surg. (Torino), 1998, 39(3): 321–329. PMID:9678555.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	'A study correlating the quantity and duration of alcohol consumption with liver function tests'
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Walter A, Dr. Mohammed Ashraf
	:	10.9790/0853-13327075

Abstract: Objectives:Alcoholism is an important health problem all over the world. Biochemical tests are important tools in diagnosing alcohol abuse and identifying the stages of alcoholic liver disease. This study is an attempt to describe the biochemical changes that can be observed in individuals with history of significant alcohol intake as well as to correlate the quantity and duration of alcohol consumption with derangements in the liver function tests.

1] Sheila Sherlock, James Dooley. Alcohol and the liver. Chapter 22. Diseases of the liver and biliary system. Blackwell Science publications. 11th ed.2002;381-396.
[2] Rehm J, Mathers C, Popova S, Thavorncharoensap M, Teerawattananon Y, Patra J. Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. Lancet. 2009;373:2223–2233
[3] Maher JJ. Exploring alcohol's effects on liver function. Alcohol Health Res World.1997;21:5-12
[4] Usharani B, Vennila R, Nalini N. Biochemical changes in alcoholics- A case control study. International journal of research in pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences.2012;3:201-205.
[5] Das SK, Vasudevan DM. Biochemical diagnosis of alcoholism. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2005;20:35-42

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	To evaluate the comparative efficacy of various drug combination via epidural route in treatment of pain in patients of intervertebral disc herniation.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr Gaurav Chopra, Dr Nidhi Srivastav
	:	10.9790/0853-13327679

Abstract: Low back pain is a major public health problem and is beginning to exhibit epidemic proportion. Back pain is a main reason for which people under 45 yrs limit their physical activities 1-4. Major risk factors include heavy lifting, twisting, bodily jerks, obesity and poor postures 5. Low back pain may originate from many spinal structures including ligaments facet joints, the vertebral periosteum, the Para vertebral musculature, annulus fibrosis and spinal nerve roots.

[1] Deyo RA. Low back pain. Sci Am 1998; 279: 48-53.
[2] Bratton RL. Assessment and management of acute low back pain. Am FAM Physician 1999; 60: 2299-308.
[3] Lively MW. Sports medicine approach to low back pain south Med J 2002; 95: 642-6.
[4] Hart LG, Deyo RA, Cherkin DC: Physician office visits for low pain: frequency, clinical circulator and treatment patterns from a US national survey Spine 1995; 20: 11-9.
[5] Anderson GBJ. The epidemiology of spinal disorders. The adult spine; 1997; 2:93-141.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Anterior Staphyloma following Xerophthalmia-A case report
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Gaining Lulu Kamei, Dr. Yumnam Chingsuingamba Meitei
	:	10.9790/0853-13328082

Abstract: A major preventable cause of childhood blindness worldwide is Xerophthalmia caused by Vitamin A deficiency(VAD). Currently, it is estimated that there are about 1.5 million blind children in the world, of whom one million live in Asia. Keratomalacia, the last and most severe sign of Xerophthalmia may progress either to Phthisis Bulbi or Staphyloma, which leads to blindness and loss of the eye. Children with severe malnutrition and Measles are at high risk of Vitamin A deficiency. Xerophthalmia complicating into Staphyloma, the most severe complication, is rarely reported.

[1] Hornby SJ, Xiao Y, Gilbert CE, Foster A, Wang X, Liang X, et al. Causes of childhood blindness in the People's Republic of China: results from 1131 blind school students in 18 provinces. Br J Ophthalmol 1999Aug; 83(8):929–932.
[2] Thylefors B. Present challenges in the global prevention of blindness. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1992May; 20(2):89-94.
[3] 3.Gilbert C, Duran HLA, Kotiankar S, McGavin M. Prevention of childhood blindness teaching set. London: International Centre for Eye Health (ICEH); 2007.
[4] Bates CJ. Vitamin A. Lancet 1995 Jan7; 345(8941):31-5.
[5] Sommer A,West KP. Vitamin A deficiency: health, survival, and vision. New York: Oxford University Press;1996.
[6] Menon K, Vijayaraghavan K. Sequelae of severe Xerophthalmia- a follow-up study. Am J Clin Nutr 1980 Feb; 33(2):218-20. [7] Sommer A, Katz J, Tarwotjo I. Increased risk of respiratory disease and diarrhea in children with preexisting mild vitamin A deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 1984 Nov; 40(5):1090-5.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Localised Primary Kaposi's sarcoma Of the Scrotum: A Rare Presentation.
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Usman Mohammed Tela, FWACS, Ahmed Gadam Ibrahim, FWACS, Adamu Sadiq Abubakar, FMCA, Baba WaruGoni, FWACP, Alhaji Bukar Musa, M.Sc, AbdulmalikWaziri MBBS
	:	10.9790/0853-13328385

Abstract: Kaposi's sarcoma is a malignancy of vascular origin that commonly presents with multifocal lesions affecting the skin, and other organs. Localized lesion involving the scrotal skin alone is quiet uncommon in the literature. We present a 48-year-old HIV-infected man with a localized scrotal lesion.He was evaluated and subsequently had total scrotectomy. The testes were free of tumor, and hence preserved. Post-operative outcome was satisfactory. High index of clinical suspicion is required for early diagnosis. Keywords: Kaposi's sarcoma, Scrotal skin, HIV/AIDS

[1] Grayson W, Pantanowitz L, Histological variants of cutaneous Kaposi' sarcoma. DiagnPathol 2008 Jul 25, 3:31
[2] Cox JW, Halprin K, Ackerman AB, Kaposi's sarcoma localized to the penis. Arch Dermatol 1970; 102:461-2
[3] Vyas S, ManabeT, Herman JR, Newman HR. Kaposi's sarcoma of srotum. Urology, 1976 Jul; 8(1) 82:85 [4] Johnson DE, Chica J, Rodriquez LH, Luna M, Kaposi'ssarcoma presenting as scrotal lesions Urology. 1977 Jun; 9(6):686-688.
[5] Friedman-Kien AE, Laubenstein L, Marmor M, et al. Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis pneumonia among homosexual men of New York City and California. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1981;30:305-308.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	"Caries Experience Among 3-5 years Cleft Lip / Cleft Palate Patients, at Jain Hospital, Bangalore."
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr Rashmi.M, Dr Satish Yadav T , Dr Chandrakala J.
	:	10.9790/0853-13328691

Abstract: Aim : To assess the prevalence of dental caries among cleft lip / cleft palate patients in 3- 5 years of age, at Jain Hospital. Methods: The study sample consisted of 100 children visiting Jain Hospital Bangalore in the age group of 3 to 5 years. Dental caries status was recorded using dmfs index by Grubbel.A.O. Results: Fifty percent of the children had caries and was significantly greater in cleft subjects (64%), than (36%) in the noncleft subjects. Sex wise comparison revealed that caries prevalence in males was 44%, & in females 56% and the difference was significant statistically (P<0.05). Mean ds score (2.23) was higher in females compared to males (0.98). Mean dmfs score (3.36) was also higher in cleft subjects compared to non cleft subjects (2.52).

[1] Wan Chun Zhu, M.S., Jin Xiao, Ph.D., Yuan Liu, Ph.D., Jun Wu, Ph.D., JiYao Li, Ph.D. Caries Experience in Individuals With Cleft Lip and/or Palate in China. Cleft Palate–Craniofacial Journal, January 2010, Vol. 47 No. 1; 43- 47.
[2] Lam L. Cheng, B.D.Sc(Hons) etal Predisposing Factors to Dental Caries in Children With Cleft Lip and Palate: A Review and Strategies for Early Prevention Cleft Palate–Craniofacial Journal, January 2007, Vol. 44 No. 1; 67-72
[3] VICTORIA S. LUCAS etal , Dental Health Indices and Caries Associated Microflora in Children With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Cleft Palate–Craniofacial Journal, September 2000, Vol. 37 No. 5; 447- 452.
[4] FANNY W. L. WONG, NIGEL M. KING,A The Oral Health of Children with Clefts—A Review Cleft Palate–Craniofacial Journal, May 1998, Vol. 35 No. 3 248-254
[5] TAHIR PAUL, RON S. BRANDT Oral and Dental Health Status of Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate Cleft Palate–Craniofacial Journal, July 1998, Vol. 35 No. 4; 329-332.
[6] Goren Dahllofetal , Caries, gingivitis and dental abnormalities in Preschool Children with Cleft lip/palate. Cleft Palate Journal, July 1989, 26,233- 238.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome –A Rare Case Report
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dhananjay.Y.Shrikhande, Rajib Chatterjee, NileshManiya, Divyank Pathak, Anuj Kumar
	:	10.9790/0853-13329294

Abstract: The term Hypoplastic left heart is used to describe a related group of anomalies that include under development of the left side of the heart (atresia of the aortic or mitral orifice) and hypoplasia of the ascending aorta. the left ventricle may be moderately hypolastic, very small and non functional, or totally atretic, in the immediate neonatal period. The right ventricle maintain the both upper pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation via the ductusarteriosus. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) has been reported to occur in approximately 0.016 to 0.036% of all live births.. Here we present a rare case report- Hypoplastic left heart Syndrome.

Keywords: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, Hypoplastic arch, HypoplasticLV ,Single-ventricle, Norwood procedure, Sano procedure

[1]. Allen RH, Benson CB, Haug LW. Pregnancy outcome of fetuses with a diagnosis of hypoplastic left ventricle on prenatal sonography. J Ultrasound Med. 2005;24:1199–1203.
[2]. Nelson Textbook Of Pediatrics, 19th edition, Danial Bernstein, page no 1592-1595
[3]. Better DJ, Apfel HD, Zidere V, Allen LD. Pattern of pulmonary venous blood flow in the hypoplastic left heart syndrome in the fetus. Heart. 1999;81:646–649.
[4]. Rychik J, Rome JJ, Collins MH, DeCampli WM, Spray TL. The hypoplastic left heart syndrome with intact atrial septum: atrial morphology, pulmonary vascular histopathology and outcome. J Am CollCardiol. 1999;34(2):554–60.
[5]. Donofrio MT, Bremer YA, Moskowitz WB. Diagnosis and management of restricted or closed foramen ovale in fetuses with congenital heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2004;94:1348–1351.
[6]. Rebelo M, Veiga E, Machado AJ, Pinto F, Kaku S. Hypoplastic left heart sindrome with in utero closed foramen ovale: case report. Rev Port Cardiol. 2006 Mar;25(3):331–6.
[7]. Lenz F, Machlitt A, Hartung J, Bollmann R, Chaoui R. Fetal pulmonary venous flow pattern is determined by left atrial pressure: report of two cases of left heart hypoplasia, one with patent and the other with closed interatrial communication. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2002;19:392–395.
[8]. Norwood WI, Lang P, Hansen DD. Physiologic repair of aortic atresia-hypoplastic left heart syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:23–6.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Formation of Dental Microbial Biofilm and Plaque Associated with the Presence of Orthodontic, Taif, and KSA
Country	:	Saudi Arabia
Authors	:	Sherifa Mostafa M. Sabra
	:	10.9790/0853-133295100

Abstract: Study was carried from Taif private dental center, start after got an agreement from center owner and the dentist. Understudy pts. were (No.=55), aged (15-30yrs.). All wearing a fixed orthodontic were divided into control group 15pts., with received oral and diet hygiene at dental center and understudy group 40pts., with received orders for oral and diet hygiene to make it at home. Fixed orthodontic stages investigation at a period of baseline and stages at (1st , 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th month). Getting consent forms agreement, arranged dental clinic regular visits for all understudy pts. Baseline were at the day of orthodontic fixation for both groups,

[1] Filoche, S., Wong, L. andSissons, C., 2010. Oral biofilms: emerging concepts in microbial ecology. J. Dent. Res., 89:8-18.
[2] Marsh, P., Moter A. and Devine, D., 2010. Dental plaque biofilms: communities, conflict and control Periodontal., 55:16-35.
[3] Sukontapatipark, W., El-Agroudi, M., Selliseth, N., Thunold, K. and Selvig, K., 2001. Bacterial colonization associated with fixed orthodontic appliances. A scanning electron microscopy study. Eur. J. Orthod., 23:475-484.
[4] Sbordone, L. and Bortolaia, C., 2003. Oral microbial biofilms and plaque-related diseases: microbial communities and their role in the shift from oral health to disease, Cline. Oral Invest., 7:181-188.
[5] Li, E., Helmerhorst, C., Leon,1 R., Troxler, T., Yaskell, A., Haffajee, S., Socransky, S. and Oppenheim, F., 2004. Identification of early microbial colonizers in human dental biofilm. J. Applied Micro., 97:1311–1318.
[6] Eliades, T. and Bourauel, C., 2005. Intraoral aging of orthodontic materials: the picture we miss and its clinical relevance. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial. Orthop., 127:403-412.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Corrective Approach in a Rare Case of Isolated Lipomyelomemingocele before First birthday celebration.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Tanushree Mondal, Dr. Himel Bera, Dr. Koushik Dewan
	:	10.9790/0853-1332101103

Abstract: Lipomyelomeningocele is basically a closed spinal dysraphism which has no exposed neural tissue.1Myelomeningocele occurs due to primary neurulation defects or due to closure of posterior neuropore which occurs 17 and 26 post ovulatory days simultaneously. Lipomyelomeningocele is the most common fate of premature disjunction.2 Tethered cord is inherently associated with lipomyelomeningocele. This rare entity has been noticed in 0.3 per 10,000 live birth. 3,4,5,6 Here we got an eight month old baby with gradually increasing back lump, with a provisional diagnosis of lipoma, sacrococcygeal teratoma or any malignant soft tissue tumour. Ultimtely we successfully diagnosed this rare entity after a battery of investigation and rendered appropriate timely management leading to disease free survival of the baby.

1] Arai H, Sato K, Okuda O, Miyajima M, Hishii M, Nakanishi H, et al: Surgical experience of 120 patients with lumbosacral lipomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 143:857–864, 2001

[2] Warder DE: Tethered cord syndrome and occult spinal dysraphism. Neurosurg Focus 10(1):e1, 2001

[3] Agopian AJ, Canfield MA, Olney RS, Lupo PJ, Ramadhani T, Mitchell LE, et al: Spina bifida subtypes and sub-phenotypes by maternal race/ethnicity in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Am J Med Genet A [epub ahead of print], 2011

[4] De Wals P, Van Allen MI, Lowry RB, Evans JA, Van den Hof MC, Crowley M, et al: Impact of folic acid food fortification on the birth prevalence of lipomyelomeningocele in Canada. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 82:106–109, 2008

[5] Forrester MB, Merz RD: Descriptive epidemiology of lipomyelomeningocele, Hawaii, 1986–2001. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 70:953–956, 2004

[6] McNeely PD, Howes WJ: Ineffectiveness of dietary folic acid supplementation on the incidence of lipomyelomeningocele: pathogenetic implications. J Neurosurg 100 (2 Suppl Pediatrics): 98–100, 2004

[7] Kanev PM, Lemire RJ, Loeser JD, Berger MS: Management and long-term follow-up review of children with lipomyelomeningocele, 1952–1987. J Neurosurg 73:48–52, 1990