iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2014

Abstract: Objective: To compare the outcome of myringoplasty in dry and wet ears suffering from Chronic suppurative otitis media with central perforation. Study design: Prospective study. Setting: Department of E.N.T, Burdwan Medical College & Hospital. Methods :100 patients with Chronic suppurative otitis media with central perforation ( 50 dry and 50 wet perforations) undergone myringoplasty by underlay technique taking temporalis fascia through postaural approach under local anaesthesia. Wet ear had culture negative mucoid discharge. The outcome of the study compared.

[1] Berthold E. Ueber myringoplastik. Wier Med Bull. 1878;1:627–627.
[2] Wullstein H. Theory and practice of myringoplasty. Laryngoscope. 1956;66:1076–93.
[3] Zollner F. The principles of plastic surgery of the sound-conducting apparatus. J Laryngol Otol. 1955;69:637–652.
[4] Nagle S K, Jagade M V, Gandhi S R et al: Comparative study of outcome of Type I Tympanoplasty in dry and wet ear. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009;61:138-140.
[5] Raj A, Vidit: Review of patients undergoing wet myringoplasty. Indian journal of otology 1999;5(3):134-136.
[6] 6.Kotacha B, Fowler S, Topham J,. Myringoplasty a prospective audit study. Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences.1999;24 : 126-9

Abstract: Professional risk factors in orthodontics may harm orthodontists and their team. Despite numerous technical advances in recent years, many occupational health problems still persist in modern dentistry. These includes exposure to infectious diseases, radiation, dental materials, and noise; musculoskeletal disorders; dermatitis and respiratory disorders; eye injuries; and psychological problems. It is essential for an orthodontist to recognize these risk factors and protect against them.

[1] Nikolaos Pandis,Brandi D. Pandis, Vasilios Pandis, Theodore Eliades. Occupational hazards in orthodontics: A review of risks and associated pathology. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 132, 2007, 280-292
[2] Prashant S. Viragi, Anil V. Ankola, Mamatha Hebbal. Occupational hazards in dentistry – Knowledge attitudes and practices of dental practitioners in Belgaum city. Journal of Pierre Fauchard Academy 27, 2013, 90-94
[3] Jamshid Ayatollahi, Fatemah Ayatollahi, Ali Mellat Ardekani. Occupational hazards to dental staff. Dent Res J (Isfahan), 9, 2012, 2–7.
[4] I.A. Al-Khatib,M. Ishtayeh, H. Barghouty,and B. Akkawi. Dentists' perceptions of occupational hazards and preventive measures in East Jerusalem. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 12, .2006,153-159.
[5] Strobl K, Bahns TL, Wilham L, Bishara SE. Laser-aided debonding of orthodontic ceramic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 101, 1992, 152-158.
[6] A P Sims, T J Roberts-Harry D P Roberts-Harry. The incidence and prevention of ocular injuries in orthodontic practice. Journal of Orthodontics ,20, 1993,339-343
[7] McNamara JA, Bagramian RA. A prospective survey of percutaneous injuries to orthodontic assistant. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Ortho, 115, 1999, 72-76.

Abstract: The T helper 1 (TH1) and TH2 dichotomy was first shown in murine CD4+ lymphocytes clones and these cells could be differentiated in terms of the cytokines they secrete. The TH1 subsets produce interleukin 2 (IL-2,) interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and lymphotoxin, TH2 subsets produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 IL-10 and IL-13. An important function of the TH2 response during infection is to produce cytokines that can prevent or dampen the production or effector functions of potentially dangerous inflammatory mediators. Results The results obtained showed that Ocimum americanum hexane (OAH) and Bridelia micrantha (BMW) water extract had antischistosomal activity. This was indicated by low worm recovery, high worm reduction, and reduced gross pathology with histopathology showing no or few granulomas in the liver tissue, which was similar to Praziquantel (PZQ). The two extracts had both cellular and humoral responses as demonstrated by IFN-γ, IL-5 and IgG responses. OAH and BMW were significantly similar to PZQ; however BMW had higher IgG responses. BMW had higher IFN-γ responses for both spleen and lymph node cells. Conclusion this implied that treatment groups were able to produce the TH-1 response which is important for cell mediated immunity. Although both extracts induced production of IL-5 for both lymph node and spleen cells, OAH generated more IL-5.
Keywords: T helper cell, Cytokines, Interleukin, Interferon gamma, Humoral, Cell mediated.

[1] Romagnani S. T- Cell subsets (Th1 verse Th2). Asthma Immunology; 85 , 2000: 9-18.
[2] Hagan P, Blumenthal UJ, Dunne DW, Simpson, AJG and Wilkins HA. Human IgE, IgG4 and resistance to reinfection with S.haematobium. Nature; 6306 , 1991: 243-245
[3] Yi, XI, Simpson, AJG, de Rossi R and Smithers, SR. The presence of Antibody in mice chronically infected with Schistosoma mansoni which blocks in vitro killing of schistomule. The journal of Immunology; 135 (12), 1986: 3955-3958.
[4] Smithers, S.R, Terry, R.J. The Infection of laboratory hosts with the cercariae of S. mansoni and recovery of adult worms. Journal of Parasitology. 55 ,1965,695-700.(9)
[5] Farah, IO., Nyindo M., King, CI and Hau, J. Hepatic granulomatous response to Schistosoma mansoni eggs in BALB/C mice and Olive baboons ( Papiocynocephalus Anubis). Journal of Comparative pathology 123, 2000:7-14.

Abstract: Various approaches to brachial plexus block have been described. Among the supraclavicular approaches even the procedure itself varies. With earlier techniques the exact site for insertion of needle was determined using visual topographic landmarks (1cm above the midpoint of clavicle)1 whereas with more recent technique, palpable landmarks( the scalene muscle and the interscalene groove) have been utilised2. In our study the subclavian perivascular technique of brachial plexus block was conducted in a tertiary level hospital. It was prospective non randomized open level study from 2011 to 2013 which includes 66 patients of both sexes between the age group of 20 to 50 years (ASA grading 1 and 2 patients) undergoing elective upper limb surgeries.

[1] Kothari D. Supraclavicular brachial plexus block: A New approach. IJA 2003;47:2878
[2] Winnie AP, Colline VJ. The subclavian perivascular technique of brachial plexus anaesthesia. Anesthesiology 1964;25:353-63
[3] Moore DC. Regional Anesthesia. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1953;241
[4] Eriksson E: in illustrated handbook of local anaesthesia, p.75, edited by Eriksson E; year book publishers, Inc., Chicago 1969
[5] Accardo NJ and Adriani J: Brachial plexus block. A simplified technique using axillary route. South med j 920-923,1949
[6] Leonard B; Papper EM. A comparison of supraclavicular and axillary technique for brachial plexus block. Anesthesiology 1961;22:2269

Abstract: Sepsis is one of the most common causes for mortality in the intensive care unit. Several biochemical markers and clinical scoring systems have been used to assess the severity and outcome of sepsis. Objective: To correlate the extent of C - reactive protein (CRP) elevation with mortality; in addition we also try to find a correlation by combining CRP level and APACHE II score as a predictor of outcome in patients with sepsis.

[1] Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, Annane D, Gerlach H, Opal SM et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012. Crit Care Med, 41(2), 2013, 580-637.
[2] Póvoa P, Salluh JI. Biomarker-guided antibiotic therapy in adult critically ill patients: a critical review. Ann Intensive Care, 23;2(1), 2012, 32.
[3] Ishii S, Karlamangla AS, Bote M, Irwin MR, Jacobs DRJ, Cho HJ, et al. Gender, obesity and repeated elevation of Creactive protein: data from the CARDIA cohort. PLoS One, 2012. 7:e36062.
[4] Vanderschueren S, Deeren D, Knockaert DC, Bobbaers H, Bossuyt X, Peetermans W. Extremely elevated C-reactive protein. Eur J Intern Med, 17(6), 2012, 430-3.
[5] Lobo SM, Lobo FR, Bota DP, Lopes-Ferreira F, Soliman HM, Mélot C et al. C-reactive protein levels correlate with mortality and organ failure in critically ill patients. Chest, 123(6), 2003, 2043-9.

Abstract: Street or gully cricket, a stripped-down-version of international cricket, is a common recreational sport in India. Ocular injuries sustained while playing street cricket though common in youngsters, is often under-reported. Awareness of such ocular injuries and their prevention is poor. Subtle initial injuries can have serious consequences affecting one's vocational and economic status.

[1]. Mishra A, Verma A. Sports related ocular injuries. Med J Armed Forces India. 2012 July; 68(3): 260–266. (PMCID: PMC3862938)
[2]. Rodriguez JO, Lavina AM, Agarwal A. Prevention and treatment of common eye injuries in sports. Am Fam Physician.2003;67:1481–1488 (PMID : 12722848)
[3]. Shoja MR, Miratashi AM. Kaur A, Agrawal A. Paediatric ocular trauma. 2006;44:125–130.
[4]. Jaison SG, Silas SE, Daniel R, Chopra SK. A review of childhood admission with perforating ocular injuries in a hospital in north-west India. Indian J Ophthalmol. 1994;42(4):199–201 (PMID:10576997)
[5]. Danadona L, Danadona R, Srinivas M, John RK, McCarty CA, Rao GN. Ocular trauma in an urban population in southern India: the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol.2000;28(5):350-356.(PMID: 11097281)

Abstract: Odontomas are hamartomatous lesions composed of various dental tissues, i.e., enamel, dentin, cementum and sometimes pulp. They are the most common benign odontogenic tumours, constituting 22% of all odontogenic tumours of the jaw. They are slow-growing, benign tumours showing nonaggressive behaviour. They are usually asymptomatic and are often discovered during routine radiography. We report a case of erupting compound odontome which clinically simulated the erupting permanent incisors in an 8 year old boy, which was associated with an unerupted maxillary left central and lateral permanent incisors. The diagnosis was confirmed after surgical removal and histopathological analysis.

Key Words: complex odontoma, compound odontoma, denticles, odontoma,

[1] Shafer WG, Hine MK, Levy BM. A Textbook of Oral Pathology 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Noida; 2009. pp. 287–90 [2] Cohen DM, Bhattacharyya I. Ameloblastic fibroma, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, and odontoma. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2004;16:375–84.
[3] Shekar S E, Rao RS, Gunasheela B, Supriya N. Erupted compound odontome. J Oral MaxillofacPathol 2009;13:47-50 [4] Preetha A, Balikai BS, Sujatha D, Pai A, Ganapathy KS. Complex odontoma. Gen Dent.2010;58:e100–2.
[5] Serra-Serra G, Berini-Aytés L, Gay-Escoda C. Erupted odontomas: A report of three cases and review of the literature. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Jun 1;14 (6)::E299-303.
[6] Philipsen H, Reichart P, Praetorius F. Mixed odontogenic tumours and odontomas. Considerations on interrelationship. Review of the literature and presentation of 134 new cases of odontomas. Oral Oncol. 1997;32:86-99.

Abstract: Computed tomography (CT) scanning is typically used in the evaluation of patients with known colonic neoplasm's or in the detection of colorectal tumors in patients with nonspecific abdominal complaints. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is extremely helpful in detection and characterization of suspected hepatic metastases, particularly in the setting of a negative CT scan. MRI is also effective in the staging of tumor for local extension. Transrectal ultrasonography has become popular in staging tumors for local extension because of its ability to demonstrate the various layers of the colon wall. The incidence of gasterointestinal tract tumors is expected to increase in the future.

[1]. Berland LL, Lewison TL, Foley WD, et al. Comparison of pre- and post-contrast CT in hepatic metastases. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1982;138:852–8.
[2]. Thompson WM, Halvorsen RA, Foster WL, et al. Preoperative and postoperative CT staging of rectosigmoid carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1986;146:703–10.
[3]. Bathazar EJ, Megibow AJ, Hulnick D, et al. Carcinomaof the colon: detection and preoperative staging by CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1988;150:301–6.
[4]. Freeney PC, Marks WM, Ryan JA, et al. Colorectal carcinoma evaluation with CT: preoperative staging and detection of postoperative recurrence. Radiology 1986;158:347–53.
[5]. Thoeni RF. Colorectal cancer radiologic staging. Radiol Clin North Am 1997;35:457–83.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Staged Abdominal Repair Surgery in Abdominal Compartment Syndrome- An Observational Study
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Satyajeet Kr Singh, Chitrangada, Nitin kr Singh. Prof Subrata Nag
	:	10.9790/0853-13353539

Abstract: Staged Abdominal Repair Surgery in Abdominal Compartment Surgery.Research design and methods: The study was conducted on 45 patients who underwent laparotomy due to acute abdominal conditions and abdomen was closed in staged manner using staged abdominal repair surgery also known as STAR operation.Statistical analysis was performed and results analysed.Results: The present series comprising of 45 cases had low rate of grave complications like entero-cutaneous fistulae formation (< 16%), intra-abdominal infection (approx 17%), development of bedsore (approx 13%), chest infection (approx 22%). Average hospital stay was of 3 weeks and postoperative mortality of approximately 11% .Conclusions: We thus conclude that the STAR technique has definite edge over previous techniques of temporary abdominal closure and shows a new path of abdominal closure to the surgical fraternity.

[1] Bailey and Love‟s short practice of surgery, 24th, 25th and 26th edition.
[2] Bloomfield GL, Blocker CR, Fakhry IF, Sica DA, Sururman HJ, Elevated intra-abdominal pressure increases plasma renin activity and aldosterome level. J Trauma : 1997: 42: 997-1004.
[3] Bloomfield GL, Ridings PC, Blocher CR, Marmnrocu A, Sugarman HJ. A proposed relationship between increased intra-abdominal intrathoracic and intracranial pressure. Crit Care Med, 1997;25 : 496-503.
[4] Burch JM, Moore EE, Moore FA. The abdominal compartment syndrome. Surg Clin North Am. 1996 : 76 : 833-42.
[5] Clinical anatomy by regions, Rechard S. Snell, 8th edition.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Comparative study of Dimensional stability and accuracy of various elastomaric materials
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Prof. Ashish Pandey, Dr. Ankita Mehtra
	:	10.9790/0853-13354045

Abstract: Transfer of an accurate replication of the patient's hard and soft tissue to the dental laboratory is important. An accurate impression will result in a precise fitting cast restoration. Recently a new impression material Vinyl Siloxanether by the manufacturer has been made commercially available. The objective of this in vitro study is to compare the newer material with older ones in terms of accuracy. Methodology A stainless steel model containing two tapered abutments with cross grooves on occlusal and proximal surface for reference measurement was fabricated on a lathe. Total eighty samples were made. Sixteen impressions were made with polyether (medium body), poly Vinylsiloxane (medium body, heavy & light body) and vinyl siloxanether (medium body, heavy & light body) each. The recommended tray adhesive was used for all impression materials and was poured using Type IV gypsum. A Travelling microscope was used to assess dimensions (diameter, height and inter abutment distance) on stone cast poured from the impression of stainless steel model. One-way ANOVA test, Tukey HSD test were used for statistical analysis. Results All casts yielded from five study groups were bigger in the dimensions. The newly formulated vinyl siloxanether impression material yielded more accurate casts than those of addition silicone and polyether impression materials. Conclusion The newly formulated vinyl siloxanether impression material yielded more accurate impressions. The vinyl siloxanether impression material yielded more accurate casts than those of addition silicone and polyether impression materials.
Key words: Dimensional Accuracy; Addition Silicones; Polyether; Vinyl Siloxanether.

[1]. Walker MP, Ries D, Borello B. Implant cast accuracy as a function of impression techniques and impression materials viscosity. Int
J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2008 Jul-Aug; 23(4):669-74.
[2]. Wadhwani CPK. Johnson GH, Lepe X, and Raigrodski AJ. Accuracy of newly formulated fast-setting elastomeric impression
materials. J Prothet Dent 2005; 93: 530-9.
[3]. O Brien WJ. Dental materials and their selection. 3rd edn, 2002 IL Quintessence Publishing Co Inc.
[4]. Council on dental materials, instruments and equipments: vinyl polysiloxane impression materials: a Status Report, J Am Dent
Assoc. 1990 May 120(5):595-6,598,600.
[5]. Wassel R W, Ibbetson R J. The accuracy of polyvinyl siloxane impression made with standard and reinforced stock tray. J. Prosthet Dent 1991; 65(6)748-57.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Al-Khoms hospital medical staff, Libya
Country	:	Libya
Authors	:	Hassan M. Krima, Salem M. El-Agheli, Bioprabhu Sanger
	:	10.9790/0853-13354650

Abstract: The risk for acquisition of MRSA in a hospital setting by personnel; including doctors and nurses who are in contact with patients is escalating. This study was conducted to screen, isolate and identify Staphylococcus aureus from nose and throat specimens obtained from medical and paramedical personnel in Al-Khoms Teaching Hospital, Libya. A total of 150 persons were included in this study. Two specimens (throat and nasal swabs) were collected from each individual. Specimens were collected from medical (doctors) and paramedical staffs (nurses, technicians, midwives, and medical students), comprising both males and females with age groups ranging from 21 to 65 years, and belonging to different nationalities, departments, and clinical activities. MRSA isolates were detected by disc-diffusion and Latex agglutination method. The study showed prevalence of MRSA positive was in nasal swabs at 14.7% and throat swabs at 9.3% of tested individuals. Libyan nurses carried the highest rate of positive MRSA cases, (75%). Doctors, regardless of nationality, showed a lower prevalence of 25% positive MRSA. The prevalence of MRSA according to departments was found to be 43.7% in emergency, 16.2% surgery, 15.7% medicine, 33.3% in paediatrics, obstetrics and gynaecology 27.7% and renal dialysis 42.8%. No recorded prevalence in ICU and physiotherapy departments, because of the small number.
Key words: MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, Al-khoms, Libya.

[1] Akapaka P.E,. Kissoon S., Swanston W.H and Monteil M. (2006). Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Trinidad and Tobago. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials; 5: 1-6.
[2] Albrich W.C and Harbarth S. (2008) Health-care workers: source, vector or victim of MRSA? Lancet Infect Disease 8:289-301.
[3] Aribas E.T., Ozcan M., Altinis M. (2001). The antibiotics resistance rates of Staphylococci isolated from various clinical specimens. Infeksiyon Dergisi; 15: 369-242.
[4] Diekema D.J., Pfaller M.A., Schmitz F.J. (2001). Survey of infections due to Staphylococcus species: frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates collected in the United States, Canada, Latin America, Europe, and the Western Pacific region for the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program. Clinical of Infectious Diseases; 32(supple2): S114-S132.
[5] Fleming W.A., Brown L.H., and Tice S.E. (2006). Community-acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections: Report of a local outbreak and implications for emergency department care. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners; 18(6): 297-300.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Bacteriological Evaluation and Their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Tonsillitis
Country	:	India
Authors	:	A. Agrawal, D. Kumar, A. Goyal, R. Gupta, Suneel Bhooshan
	:	10.9790/0853-13355155

Abstract: The Study Was Carried Out On 140 Patients With Signs And Symptoms Of Tonsillitis.Tonsillar Swabs Were Taken And Final Evaluation Was Done On The Basis Of Standard Biochemical Test. The Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Was Done As Per Guidelines Of CLSI. Out Of 140 Tonsillar Surface Swab Cultures, 135 Cultures Showed Bacterial Isolates. Staphylococcus Aureus Was The Commonest Isolate From 16 Swabs (11.43%), Followed By Streptococcus Pneumoniae In 7 Swabs (5.00%). The Other Isolated Bacteria Includes Pseudomonas Species, E. Coli, Beta Haemolyticstreptococci And Proteus Vulgaris. Out Of 35 Bacterial Isolates, 30 Strains Were Found Sensitive To Netilmycin. Staphylococcus Species Showed Susceptibility Of 81.25% With Netilmycin, 68.75% With Gentamicin. Amoung 16 Staphylococcus Species 6 Were MRSA Which Were 100% Sensitive To Vancomycin. Pneumococcus Species Were 100.00% Resistant With Cefaclor, 85.71% With Gentamicin, And 71.43% With Tobramycin.
Keywords: Antimicrobial, Bacteriology, Tonsillitis,

[1] Brook I, Foote PA. Comparision ofthemicrobiology of recurrent tonsillitis between children and adults. Laryngoscope,96(12), 1986, 1385-8.
[2] Robert. MD, Lawrence W. Microorganisms isolated from peritonsillar abscess and recurrent tonsillitis. NewYork, San Francisco, London: Academic Press;.1988, p. 126-31.
[3] Upal K, Bias AS. Tonsillarmicroflora-superficial surface vs deep, J Laryngol. Otol. 103, 1989, 175-7.
[4] Usamah H, Michel E, Marwan U, Nabil F, Ghassan M. Characteristics of pathogens recovered from the tonsils and adenoids in a group of Lebanese children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. J. Appl. Res. 5(3), 2005, 473-80.
[5] Brook I, Yocum P, Friedman EM. Anaerobic and aerobic bacteria in tonsils of children with recurrent tonsillitis. Ann OtolRhinolLaryngol. May-June- 90(3 Pt 1), 1981, 261-3.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Study of Pulmonary Functions in Goldsmith Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Country	:	India
Authors	:	SP Choudhari, RS Doiphode, Khaled Mohsin Badaam, Ahmed Munibuddin M., S. T. Khan
	:	10.9790/0853-13355658

Abstract: The occupational hazards reported in jewellery workers are due to the exposure to chemicals during jewellery making like cyanide, lead, zinc, cadmium, palladium, iridium, sulphuric acid, nitric acid, chalk moulds containing high percentage of silica, etc. Spirometry lung functions were assessed in goldsmith workers and compared with the control group. Methods: Twenty males working as goldsmith workers since last 10 years and above with period of exposure to chemical fumes > 5 hours/day were tested for spirometry lung function parameters of Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume at the end of one second (FEV1) and Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV). The results were compared with matched controls. Results:The Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) of FVC was 63.95±9.77% in cases and 76.95±8.1 in controls. The Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) of FEV1 was 67.25±7.65% in cases and 73.3±8.31in controls. The Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) of MVV was 61.8±10.54% in cases and 81±5.04in controls. All the parameters studied were significantly less in goldsmith workers. Conclusions: The spirometry lung function parameters were found to be significantly lesser in goldsmith workers when compared to the matched controls.
Keywords: Forced Vital Capacity, Goldsmith workers, Maximum Voluntary Ventilation, Occupational hazard.

[1] A Raj, J F Mayberry, T Podas Review: Occupation and gastric cancer. Postgrad Med J 2003;79:252-258 doi:10.1136/pmj.79.931.252
[2] Mehta V, Balachandran C. Persistent nodular contact dermatitis to gold: case report of two cases. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2010 Jul-Aug; 76(4):397-9.
[3] Michael McCann, Ph.D., C.I.H., Angela Babin, M.S., and Edward Olmstead, C.I.H. Health and Safety in Metal Jewelry: Overview. Art Hazard News, Volume 15, No. 1, 1992
[4] Proctor, Nick and Hughes, James(Ed.) chemical Hazards of the workplace, 3rd edition, Von NostrandReinhold,New York, NY,1991, Pg 426
[5] Beltrami V, Innocenti A, Pieroni MG, Civai R, Nesi D, Bianco S. Occupational asthma caused by inhalation of cuttlefish bone dust. Med Lav. 1989 Sep-Oct;80(5):425-8.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Role of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Cervical Lymphnode in Paediatric Age Group
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Minal Panchal, Dr. Y. H. Chavan, Dr. S. A. Deshpande, Dr. S. V. Suvernakar, Dr. D. P. Meshram
	:	10.9790/0853-13355963

Abstract: Introduction: Lymphadenopathy is a common physical finding in childhood. Unexplained lymphnadenopathyin children is a major source of parental anxiety. This study was undertaken to evaluate the utility of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology as a rapid diagnostic tool for cervical lymphadenopathy in paediatric age group. Methodology: Total 260 patients attending OPD at Dr.Shankarrao Chavan Govt Medical College, Nanded from January 2010 to December 2012 were studied. Summary of results: The age group ranged from 0-18 years. The commonest age group affected was 7-9 years. Male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Posterior triangle was the commonest site of lymphadenopathy 130 (50%) cases. On cytology, 122 (46.93%) cases were diagnosed as tuberculous lymphadenitis, 69 (26.54%) cases diagnosed as chronic non-specific lymphadenitis, 43 (16.54%) cases diagnosed as reactive lymphadenitis, 10 (3.85%) cases diagnosed as acute lymphadenitis, 12 (4.62) cases diagnosed as N.H.L, 02 (0.76%) cases diagnosed as hodgkin's lymphoma, 01 (0.38%) cases diagnosed as suspicious for malignancy. Histopathological examination was possible in only 40 cases. The overall sensitivity observed was 100%, specificity 97.05% and accuracy was 97.56%. Conclusion: FNAC is a safe, simple, reliable, reproducible and cost effective procedure in the diagnosis of paediatric lymphadenopathy and is free from limitations of surgical biopsy.
Keywords: FNAC , tuberculous , N.H.L, hodgkin's lymphoma, malignancy.

[1] Handa U., Mohan H. et al Role of FNAC in evaluation of Paediatric Lymphadenopathy. Cytopathology, 2003; 14:66-69
[2] Mishra S.D., Garg B.K. et al Cervical lymphadenopathy in children : A study of 137 cases. Indian paediatrics, 1972;9(12):812- 815.
[3] Leon van de School, Aronson D.C. et al The role of in children with persistent and suspicious lymphadenopathy. Journal of Paediatric surgery, 2001; 36(1):7-11
[4] Knight P.J., Mulne A.F. et al when is lymphnode biopsy indicated in children with enlarged peripheral nodes? Paediatrics,1982;69(4):391-396
[5] Narang R.K., Pradhan S. et al Place of FNAC in diagnosis of lymphadenopathy. Indian J. Tub 1990;37:29-31.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	New Vistas In Plaque Control
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Lakshmy Menon, Jaiganesh Ramamurthy
	:	10.9790/0853-13356468

Abstract: Plaque is the soft, tenacious material found on tooth surfaces which is not readilyremoved by rinsing with water. The most clinically observable plaque on the smoothsurfaces of the teeth along the gingival margin may be termed dentogingival plaque. After tooth cleaning, the supragingival plaque along the gingival border of the teethreaccumulates slowly during the following two days. The thickness of the plaqueincreases dramatically after the third day, to a maximum after seven days.Harnessing technical improvements in mechanical and chemical plaque control methodscan lead to benefits that are significant in ways more than just efficient plaque removal.Fundamental research in biological methods may also add to effectiveness of established methods.It can thus be concluded that pioneering research must be done, the fruits of whichmust be spread around to dental practitioners and academicians for speedy adoption.

[1] Biological plaque control: novel therapeutic approach to periodontal disease, Naoyuki Sugano, Journal of Oral Science, Vol. 54, No. 1, 1-5, 2012
[2] Emerging concepts in oral chemical plaque control – an overview, George Philip et al, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTA L CLINICS,2012, Volume 4 Issue2
[3] Different powered toothbrushes for plaque control and gingival health (Review), Deacon SA
[4] Powered toothbrushes are more effective than manual toothbrushes in reducing gingival bleeding or inflammation, SUMMARY REVIEW/PERIODONTOLOGY
[5] Tooth brush a key to mechanical Plaque Control, Deepak Grover et al, Review Article Concept and practice of plaque-control, Axelsson, Pediatric Dentistry, 1981.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Neuro Invasive Viruses the Silent and the Slow Killer
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Prof. Dr. Shahid Hussain Sheikh || Saima Chaudhary M.S.
	:	10.9790/0853-13356971

Abstract: In 1980's the average life expectancy was 60 years, whereas, now it is less than 46 years. Clinically, common ailments are being presented comparatively 10 to 15 years early than 50 years ago. At the outset, general healthcare is becoming a growing challenge everywhere on the planet. Most every country is recording high numbers in the world's leading causes of deaths. Emerging viral breakouts and other infectious diseases are also posing serious threats and baffling the research scientists worldwide. As we all know that every system of our body consists of multiple organs and tissues and membranes and cells that all are managed and controlled by our brain for a normal function. The ailments presented are taken into an account as a unique local problem understanding the "signs & Symptoms", the prescription is made to rectify the challenge. Most of the times the grass root of the problem (Etiology) is unknown. Symptomatic treatment buys the time for the immunity to kick start the body's own defense system to rectify the ailment.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia- A Case Report in an Elderly Patient
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Bajpai Malay, Rana Deepti
	:	10.9790/0853-13357273

Abstract: We describe a 65 year-old man presenting with a scalp nodule of 1 year duration on his left parietal area. The biopsy taken from the lesion, showed increased vascular proliferation, edematous endothelial cells, lymphoid cells and dense eosinophilic infiltrate. The routine and specific blood tests were unremarkable. On the basis of these features, the patient was diagnosed as having angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE). We present the case because of its rarity in older people, ability to recur; and stress the consideration of ALHE in the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous nodules confined to face and neck.
Key words: Angiolymphoid hyperplasia, eosinophilia, scalp nodule.

[1] Wells GC, Whimster IW. Subcutaneous angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia. Br J Dermatol 1969;81:1-14.
[2] Zarrin-Khameh N, Spoden JE, Tran RM. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia associated with pregnancy: A case report
and review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2005;129:1168-71.
[3] Olsen TG, Helwig EB. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia: A clinicopathologic study of 116 patients. J Am Acad
Dermatol 1985;12:781-96.
[4] Hollo P, Marschalko M, Sikos G, Harsing J, Horvath A.Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia in pregnancy. J Eur Acad
Dermatol Venereol 2005;19:645-6.
[5] Azizzadeh M, Namazi MR, Dastghaib L, Sari-Aslani F. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia and nephritic syndrome. Int J Dermatol 2005;44:242-4.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Herpes Simplex Virus & Cytomegalovirus inflicted semen substantiates infertility among men
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Shakeel Waqqar || Godfrey Paul William || Salman Aziz || Saima Bano || Andrew David || Merab Ahsan
	:	10.9790/0853-13357477

Abstract: Infertility is a growing challenge worldwide that cause many affiliated socio-psychological problems in many cultures that carry a negative impact on many families. As a last resort, many physicians engage certain drugs to over stimulate the gonadotropins to hope for the production of healthy Sperms and Ovum to materialize the fertility. Also, Fertilization in Vitro is a growing solution for the rich but many patients are not able to afford. Over stimulation of the sperms or ovum does not constitute the chromosomal DNA/RNA to amicably contribute to the successful fertility, Normal fetal development, uneventful pregnancy and/ or normal delivery.
Key Words: Infertility, HSV, CMV, HSV & CMV PCR.

[1]. Fariba H. Psychology of infertility and the comparison between two couple therapies, in infertile pairs. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology. 2010; ISSN: 2010-0248.
[2]. Fido A. Emotional distress in infertile women in Kuwait. Int J Fertil Womens Med 2004;49:24-8 [3]. Pellett P, Roizman B. The Family Herpesviridae: A Brief Introduction. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, editors. Fields Virology. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins; 2007; 2479–2499.
[4]. Yang Y, Ho H, Chen S, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection and viral shedding in the genital tract of infertile couples. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7775936
[5]. Kapranos N, Petrakou E, Anastasiadou C, et al. Detection of herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus in the semen of men attending an infertility clinic. Fertil Steril 2003; 3:1566-70.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Role of Video Recording in Quality Assurance of Emergency Medical Services
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Abhinav Wankar, Dr. (Prof) Pulijala Satyanarayana
	:	10.9790/0853-13357885

Abstract: Video recording is widely used for varied purposes in Emergency Department. It is used to assess interpersonal and non-verbal communications which are often difficult to monitor by other means. Optimum care of emergency patients requires rapid assessment and treatment and investigation with a correct order of priorities. Other than by Stationing a skilled observer in the reception area with notebook and stop-watch, Video recording offers the only way to assess whether the objectives are obtained. The camera is set to automatically date and time stamp and so it is easy to establish how long it takes for personnel to attend, and to time clinical procedures required during the care of critically ill patients. The video-recordings enable a sharing of valuable experience and this produces a definite improvement in the emergency medical services. Round the clock monitoring through video recording can improve quality of care given to emergency room patients drastically.
Key Words: Emergency Room-ER, Video Recording, Quality Indicators, Emergency Room Performance, Time of Triage, Response Times, Turn Around Time.

[1] Alberti G:Transforming emergency care in England. 2005. http://aace.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Transforming-Emergency-Care-in-ngland.pdf webcite.
[2] Danish Health and Medicines Authority:Styrketakutberedskab - planlægningsgrundlag for detregionalesundhedsvæsen. 2007. http://www.sst.dk/publ/publ2007/plan/akutberedskab/styrketakutberedskab.pdf webcite.
[3] Solberg LI, Asplin BR, Weinick RM, Magid DJ: Emergency department crowding: consensus development of potential measures.Ann Emerg Med 2003, 42(6):824-834. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text.
[4] Walley P, Silvester K, Mountford S: Health-care process improvement decisions: a systems perspective.Int J Health Care QualAssur 2006, 19(1):93-104. Publisher Full Text.
[5] Shetty A, Gunja N, Byth K, Vukasovic M: Senior streaming assessment further evaluation after Triage zone: a novel model of care encompassing various emergency department throughput measures.Emerg Med Australas 2012, 24(4):374-382. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Role of hepcidin in recombinant human erythropoietin therapy resistance among chronic hemodialysis patients
Country	:	Egypt
Authors	:	Abdelnaser Badawy, Emad El-Masry, Ashraf Hussein
	:	10.9790/0853-13358692

Abstract: To assess the role of hepcidin in recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) therapy resistance among chronic hemodialysis patients Methods: This study included 43 maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients under rhEPO treatment for a median time period of 18 months and 20 healthy volunteers as a control group. The HD patients included 22 responders and 21 non-responders to rhEPO therapy. In all patients and controls; hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, Serum iron, serum ferritin, Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), serum IL-6 & Serum hepcidin levels were measured. Results: Compared to controls, HD patients presented with lower mean Hb concentration, higher mean serum ferritin, mean CRP, mean IL-6, and mean hepcidin serum levels [all are p <0.001]. Among HD patients; non-responders had lower mean Hb, higher mean rhEPO dose, higher mean CRP levels and also higher mean IL- 6 levels. Mean hepcidin serum levels among non-responders were significantly higher than among responders [all are p <0.001].Multiple regression analysis showed that ERI, ferritin, CRP, and IL- 6 as an independent variables were significantly associated with hepcidin serum levels ( r = 0.756; p < 0.001, r = 0.921; p < 0.001, r = 0.732 ; p = 0.002 & r = 0.807 ; p < 0.001 respectively).
Key words: Recombinant erythropoietin, Resistance, Maintenance Hemodialysis, Hepcidin.

[1]. Weiss G, Theurl I, Eder S, et al, Serum hepcidin concentration in chronic haemodialysis patients: associations and effects of dialysis, iron and erythropoietin therapy, Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 2009; 39: 883 – 890.
[2]. KDOQI, National Kidney Foundation: KDOQI clinical practice guidelines and clinical practice recommendations for anaemia in chronic kidney disease, Am. J. Kidney Dis., 2006; 47(5suppl 3): S11 – S145.
[3]. Locatelli F, Aljama P, Barany P, Canaud B, Carrera F, Eckardt KU, Horl WH, Macdougal IC, Macleod A, Wiecek A and Cameron S. European Best Practice Guidelines Working Group. Revised European best practice guidelines for the management of anemia in patients with chronic renal failure, Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2004; 19 [Suppl 2]: ii1-ii47.
[4]. Joshua Zaritsky et al,: Hepcidin—A Potential Novel Biomarker for Iron Status inChronic Kidney Disease, Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2009; 4: 1051–1056,
[5]. Dallalio G, Law E and Means RT, Hepcidin inhibits in vitro erythroid colony formation at reduced erythropoietin concentrations, Blood, 2006; 107:2702–2704

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Clinical spectrum and course of Dengue Fever during Pregnancy: Institutional experience from South India
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Rekha Gurumurthy, Gayathri K. B., Seethamma R., Bhargav PRK
	:	10.9790/0853-13359395

Abstract: Dengue infection is a major public health concern in tropical and subtropical World and an important differential diagnosis of fever during pregnancy influencing the obstetric outcome. In this context, we present our experience with clinical spectrum and course of Dengue fever in our series of obstetric cases. A retrospective analysis of pregnant women diagnosed with dengue fever during pregnancy between August to October 2012 (15 months) was performed with regards to its clinical course, co-morbidities, obstetric outcome and maternal complications. The cohort included 19 cases of Dengue fever complicating pregnancy with one case of hemorrhagic fever. The age of cohort was 24.3± 3.5 (18-33). Fever was the commonest clinical manifestation. There was no major bleeding diathesis. Preterm delivery and intrauterine death occurred in 3 cases each. All the complications and fetal deaths were related to hyperpyrexia. There was no maternal mortality. All the cases received only supportive therapy, antipyretics and ensuring adequate hydration. There was one neonatal death due to meconium aspiration syndrome.
Key Words: Dengue fever; Pregnancy; HELLP Syndrome.

[1] Chitra TV, Panicker JS. Vector Borne Dis 2011;48: 210–213
[2] Guidelines for treatment of Dengue fever/Dengue haemorrhagic fever in small hospitals: World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi;2000
[3] Gubler DJ. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Clin Microbiol Rev 1998;11:480
[4] World Medical Association. Declaration of Helsinki. Note of Clarification on Paragraph 30 added by the WMA General Assembly. Tokyo, 2004
[5] Vaughn DW, Green S, Kalayanarooj S, Innis BL, Nimmannitya S, Suntayakorn S et al. Dengue in the early febrile phase: viremia and antibody responses. J Infect Dis 1997;176:322-330.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Evaluation of microclimate in regional hospital in Berat
Country	:	Albania
Authors	:	Dr. Adrian Hoxha, Genci Dervishi, Edjona Bici, Jonida Seferi
	:	10.9790/0853-133596101

Abstract: Berati Hospital plays a very important role to petition the region for some highly specialized services offered. For this reason should study all factors of the internal environment of the hospital to have a comfortable standard but also for better manage infrastructure resources. The aim of this study is to investigate the most important parameters of the microclimate, for the right operational of the micro climatic environment conditions in regional hospital Berat. An observational study, punctual, descriptive was applied to estimate the parameters of the microclimate in the premises of the regional hospital Berat. Indoors microclimate parameters which were evaluated are, ambient temperature, relative humidity, lighting and air movements. The internal temperature of the environment appears to be within the norm. Relative humidity values appear to be concentrated in the upper limit of the recommended rates in many hospital environments. Very high values ranging from 0571-1001 m / s (Va.) resulting in the emergency area, laboratory and inpatient rooms in the third floor. Lighting hospital environment appears to be the norm. The Berati Hospital for the shows that meet the conditions of a thermal comfort should be taken a number of measures in building infrastructure, to equip with central heating and cooling ventilation and circulation disciplining staff and visitors.
Keywords: Micro climate, thermal comfort, (Va.).

[1] NRC ( National Research Council ). 2010. America's climate choices: Advancing the science of climat change. Washington, DC: The National Academics Press
[2] ASHRAE ( American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers ). 2004. ANSI/ASHRA Standard 55-2004: Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy. Atlanta, GA: ASHRAE
[3] EPA, 2009b. Indoor air quality for schools reference guide. Washington, DC:EPA
[4] NWS ( National Wather Service ) 2010. NOAA's National Wather Service Heat Index. http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/heat/heatindex.shtrnl (accessed January 25, 2011 )
[5] Khalaj B, Lloyd G, Sheppeard V, Dear K. 2010. The health impact of heat Waves in five regions of New York South Wales, Australia: A case only analysis. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 83(7):833-842.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Unusual High Bifurcation Of Common Carotid Artery Among Eastern Population- A Case Study
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Shweta Solan, Dr. Gokul Krishna Reddy Nune
	:	10.9790/0853-1335102105

Abstract: Variation of the common carotid artery, including high origin, rare absence, low bifurcation & also anomolous origins of common carotid artery are very common. Knowledge of carotid bifurcation is important for vascular surgical procedures, such as carotid endarterectomy or radical neck dissection, catheterization and aneurysms1. The aim of this study was to describe the level of common carotid artery bifurcation. 50 adult cadavers were dissected and variation in pattern of common carotid artery bifurcation were noted. Keywords: Common carotid artery, Bifurcation, Thyroid cartilage.

[1] Ord RA, Ward –Booth RP. Anamolies of the common carotid artery: A rare complication of radical neck dissection. Brit. J. Oral Max .Surg.1986; 24(6): 405 – 9. [2] Lucev N, Bobinac D, Maric I, Drescik I (2000) Variations of the great arteries in the carotid triangle. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 22: 590-591. [3] Schulz, u.g.r. and rothwell,P.M. sex differences in carotid bifurcation anatomy and the distribution of atherosclerotic laque. Stroke. 2001;32:15250.
[4] Susan Standring; Gray's Anatomy. Head and neck –overview and surface anatomy 40 Ed. Elsevier,Churchill Livingstone 2008, pp - 409.
[5] Henry Hollinshead;. Anatomy For Surgeons.The head and neck. Chapter 9.the neck. 3 Edition. Vol 1. Harper and RowPublishers, Philadelphia 1982, pp – 461.