iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2014

Abstract: To determine whether there is an association among subclinical hypothyroidism, upper normal TSH values and microvascular complications in Type 2 diabetes. Patients and methods: 194 Type 2 diabetic patients who were hospitalized in the Endocrinology ward of Wuhan Union Hospital, were subjected to thyroid function test ( FT3, FT4, TSH) and were screened for microvascular complications of diabetes (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy). Apart from TSH levels, no significant differences were found in the clinical characteristics between the subclinical hypothyroidism and euthyroid groups. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy in the euthyroid and subclinical hypothyroidism group (P>0.05). After adjustment for potential confounding factors (age, HbA1c, duration of diabetes, gender, presence of hypertension), subclinical hypothyroidism was still not associated with retinopathy (OR 0.753, 95 % CI 0.203 – 2.793, P = 0.671), nephropathy (OR 1.312, 95 % CI 0.304 – 5.659, P = 0.716) and neuropathy (OR 0.591, 95 % CI 0.156 – 2.232, P = 0.428). The prevalence of microvascular complications were similar in euthyroid type 2 diabetic patients with TSH values in the upper normal range (TSH 2.00 - 4.94 μIU/ml) and in those with lower TSH values (TSH 0.35 – 1.99 μIU/ml), (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the TSH levels of the patients who had any particular microvascular complication or a combination of them (P = 0.827). We conclude that there is no association among subclinical hypothyroidism, upper normal TSH values and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes.
Keywords: Subclinical hypothyroidism, TSH, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Microvascular complications, Abbreviations.

[1] ATA/AACE Guidelines CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR HYPOTHYROIDISM IN ADULTS: COSPONSORED BY THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND THE AMERICAN THYROID ASSOCIATION, Endo Pract. 2012;18(No.6)
[2] McDermott MT,Ridgway EC: Subclinical hypothyroidism is mild thyroid failure and should be treated. J ClinEndocrinolMetab 2001; 86: 4585– 4590
[3] Rodondi N, den Elzen WP, Bauer DC, Cappola AR, Razvi S, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. JAMA. 2010;304:1365–1374.
[4] Kim BY, Kim CH, Jung CH, Mok JO, Suh KI, Kang SKAssociation between subclinical hypothyroidism and severe diabetic retinopathy in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes.Endocr J. 2011;58(12):1065-70
[5] Chen, H.-S., Wu, T.-E. J., Jap, T.-S., Lu, R.-A., Wang, M.-L., Chen, R.-L.and Lin, H.-D. (2007), Subclinical hypothyroidism is a risk factor for nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases in Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetic Medicine, 24: 1336–1344.

Abstract: To analyze the causes of maternal death in eclamptic mothers. Materials and method: The study was conducted over a period of one year 1.1.2012- 31.12.2012 in all eclamptic mothers. Pregnancy was terminated in all antenatal eclampsia irrespective of gestational age. All of them were treated with Pritchard regimen of Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4). Preeclampsia profile and special investigations were done. Sublingual/ intranasal/oral nifedipine and oral labetalol were used as antihypertensive. Results: Incidence of eclampsia was 3.57%, case fatality rate was 3.57% and maternal mortality ratio was 4.32/1000 live births. 29.76% maternal death was due to eclampsia. All 25 dead mothers were hypertensive during admission. Among them 64% (16) mothers had severe hypertension. 44% mothers had repeated convulsion. In majority (60%) MgSO4 regimen could be started after 12 hrs convulsion. 33.33% of dead mothers delivered within 12 hr of admission. 9 (42.85%) mothers died before delivery. 3 mothers came after outside delivery. 36% mothers died within 12hrs. 48% mothers died in the next 12 hrs and 16% (4) mothers died 48hrs after admission. 52.38% mothers had vaginal delivery. Only 4.7% had caesarean delivery. 40% mothers died of cerebral hemorrhage. 28% mothers died of pulmonary edema, 12% due to postpartum hemorrhage and 2 mothers due to hepatic coma. One mother died of aspiration, one mother due to septicemia. One died due to acute renal failure. Conclusion: we have a long way to go to achieve the goal to reduce the maternal mortalily due to preventable causes. We have to improve our existing health care delivery system, referral system and infrastructure before achieving the target.
Key words: eclampsia, mothers.

[1] Singh S, Behera A. Eclampsia in Eastern India: Incidence, Demographic Profile And Response To Three Different Anticonvulsant Regimes Of Magnesium Sulphate. The Internet J Gynecol Obstet 2010; 15(2):
[2] Sontakke P, Reshmi RS, Sebastian D. Obstetric morbidity among currently married women in selected states of India. J Fam Welf. 2009; 55: 17–26.
[3] World Health Organisation International. Collaborative Study of Hypertensive Disorders of pregnancy. Geographic variation in the incidence of hypertension in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1958: 158: 80-83.
[4] Crowther CA. Eclampsia at Harare Maternity Hospital - An epidemiological study. S Afr Med J 1985; 68: 927-929
[5] Bergstom S. Povey G, Songane F, Ching C. Seasonal incidence of eclampsia and its relationship to meteorological data in Mozambique: J Perinat Med 1992; 20: 153-158.

Abstract: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is the result of an osseous defect at the skull base coupled with a disruption of the dura mater and arachnoid with a resultant pressure gradient leading to the CSF leak. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is a potentially dangerous condition as the risk of intracranial infection is increased if it persists. Therefore, accurate preoperative localization of the site of leakage as well as its appropriate management is mandatory. We here report two children with CSF rhinorrhea due to congenital anterior skull base defect, complicated by recurrent pyogenic meningitis, underwent surgical repair with uneventful post-operative period. In this article, etiologies, laboratory investigation including imaging and management are also discussed in brief.
Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, Pyogenic meningitis, Meningoencephalocele.

[1]. Marshall AH and Jones NS. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. In: Gleeson M, Browning GG, Bur-ton MJ, Clarke R, Hibbert J, Jones NS, et al, editors. Scott-Brown's Otorhinolarynglogy, Head and Neck Suregery. 7th edition. London: Hodder Arnold; 2008.pp.1636-44.
[2]. Jones NS, Becker DG. Advances in the management of CSF leaks. BMJ. 2001;322(7279):122-3.
[3]. Singh R, Hazarika P, Nayak DR, Balakrishnan R, Hazarika M, Singh A. Endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea - Manipal experience. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009; 61(1):14-8.
[4]. Tahir MZ, Khan MB, Bashir MU, Akhtar S, Bari E. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: An institu-tional perspective from Pakistan. Surg Neurol Int. 2011;2:174.
[5]. Nandapalan V, Watson ID, Swift AC. Beta2transferrin and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea. Clin Otolaryngol 1996; 21(3):259-64.

Abstract: Pulmonary hamartomas are usually an incidental findings and range in size from 1cm to 8cm in diameter. We report a case of an endobronchial hamartoma in a 43 year old female presented with progressive breathlessness since one year,pleuritic chest pain,cough,reeling sensation and decreased hearing in left ear since 3 months.patient was a known case of pulmonary tuberculosis and past history of left side pleural effusion present.

[1] J.Murray,D.Kielkowski,and G.Leiman,"The Prevalence and age distribution of peripheral pulmonary hamartomas in adult males.An
autopsy_based study".South African medical journal,Vol 79,no-5,pp.247-249,1991.
[2] B.G.Cosio,V.Villena,J.Echava-sustaeta et al;"Endobronchial hamartoma",chest,vol 122,no1,pp.n202-205,2002.
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and endobronchail cases.Thorax 1987;42:790-3.
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1984;60:1181-4.
[5] Tomashefski JF.Benign endobronchial mesenchymal tumors.Their relationship to parenchymal pulmonary hamartomas.Am J surg
pathol 1982;6:531-40.

Abstract: To analyze Anti-cough preparations available in Indian market for their formulations, and cost. Anti-cough preparations listed in Drug Today India (2014)were analyzed for their formulations, and cost. Preparations containing Levocetrizine/Cetrizine/Desloratadine+Guaphenesin+Ambroxol+Terbutaline were considered as Accepted formulations. Preparations containing anti-tussives with anti-histamines/+expectorants/+bronchodilators were considered as Irrational formulations. Accepted formulations and irrational formulations were identified. Prices of accepted formulations were compared with that of irrational formulations. Out of 589 formulations, 116 were accepted formulations and 200 were irrational formulations. Cost of accepted formulations are cheaper than that of irrational formulations. The drug regulation authorities made the accepted formulations available to majority of population by making them cheap .Need to have stringent vigilance mechanism to control irrational formulations.
Key Words: Anti-cough preparations,anti-tussives, , anti-histamines, accepted formulations, expectorants Irrational formulations.

[1] Goodman &Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics,12 th ed ,1052-1057
[2] HLSharma,KKsharma ,Principles of Pharmacology, 2 nd ed,p650-652
[3] PJMehta'sPractical medicine.,11th ed, p2
[4] Drug today India(2014) January-March 2014,vol.no.II p886-903,p925.
[5] Lippincott'sillustrated reviews,Pharmacology,3rd ed,p322.

Abstract: (OSA) is the most common type of sleep apnoea and is caused by obstruction of the upper airway. It is characterized by repetitive pauses in breathing during sleep, despite the effort to breathe, and is usually associated with a reduction in blood oxygen saturation. These pauses in breathing, called "apnoeas" (literally, "without breath"), typically last 20 to 40 seconds. OSA is commonly accompanied with snoring,& also associated with symptoms during the daytime. Symptoms may be present for years or even decades without identification, during which time the individual may become conditioned to the daytime sleepiness and fatigue associated with significant levels of sleep disturbance. Individuals who generally sleep alone are often unaware of the condition, without a regular bed-partner to notice and make them aware of their symptoms. The aetiology may be Dynamic cause due to increased soft tissue around the airway (sometimes due to obesity), and Fixed cause due to rigid structures like deviated septum, hypertrophied inferior turbinates,septal spurs, nasal polyps adenoid hypertrophy.
Keywords: OSA Snoring. Squelae of OSA PSG DISE Uppp Tongue base reduction Coblator Prognosis Without treatment, the sleep deprivation and lack of oxygen caused by sleep apnoea increases health risks such as cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, stroke, diabetes, clinical depression, weight gain and obesity.

[1] "Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (780.53-0)". The International Classification of Sleep Disorders. Westchester, Illinois:
American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 2001. pp. 52–8. Retrieved 2010-09-11.
[2] Surgical pathology of the head and neck (3rd ed.). New York: Informa healthcare. ISBN 9781420091632.
[3] Gale SD, Hopkins RO (2004). "Effects of hypoxia on the brain: neuroimaging and neuropsychological findings following carbon
monoxide poisoning and obstructive sleep apnea". J Int Neuropsychol Soc 10 (1): 60–71. doi:10.1017/S1355617704101082.
PMID 14751008.
[4] Halbower AC, Degaonkar M, Barker PB, et al. (August 2006). "Childhood obstructive sleep apnea associates with
neuropsychological deficits and neuronal brain injury". PLoS Med. 3 (8): e301. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030301. PMC 1551912.
PMID 16933960.
[5] Edwards, Natalie; Sullivan, Colin E. (2008). "Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Pregnancy". Sleep Medicine Clinics 3: 81–95.
doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2007.10.010.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Comparative study of Rosuvastatin with Atorvastatin in Ischaemic heart disease patients
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr.V.V.Padmavathi, Dr. Chandrakala Kambar, Dr. Zaheda bano, Dr. Sankar Kurli, Dr. G. Eswar, Dr. P. Ramesh babu
	:	10.9790/0853-13362329

Abstract: The study was undertaken to compare the effect of Rosuvastatin with Atorvastatin on Plasma LDL Cholesterol and Total Cholesterol in Post-Myocardial Infarction and Unstable angina patients.All patients were aged 30-70 years with a previous history of Acute Myocardial Infarction or Unstable Angina were randomly selected. 80 patients were recruited in the present study. 40 patients were on Rosuvastatin 10 mg. per day oral and the other 40 patients were on Atorvastatin 10 mg per day oral. The study comprises of at least six months for each patient. Lipid profile was done before and after treatment. Eventhough both Rosuvastatin 10 mg per day and Atorvastatin 10 mg per day produced reduction in total cholesterol (p<0.001) significantly, Rosuvastatin produced reduction in LDL levels (p<0.001) more significantly than Atorvastatin 10 mg per day. Rosuvastatin produced greater reduction in LDL-C level than Atorvastatin.
Key words: Atorvastatin, LDL-C—Low Density lipoprotein Cholesterol, Rosuvastatin, TC- Total Cholesterol.

[1] Parks Text Book of Preventional and Social Medicine, 18th Edition, Ch.6:286-287.
[2] Editorial , Cardiology Today: Nove-Dec 1997-Vol-1, Vol-2.
[3] Jacobe, N.J., Van Demark, P.J. (1960) Arch Biochem. Biophys. 88,250.
[4] Trinder, P (1960) Amn.Clin.Biochem., 6.24
[5] Bucolo G., David M.Clin. Chem 19,476 (1973)

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Bacteriological study of chronic dacryocystitis
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Shwetha B. A., Dr. Vittal Nayak I.
	:	10.9790/0853-13363036

Abstract: To find out the bacteria involved in chronic dacryocystitis and their sensitivity to different antibiotics. Study conducted on 200 patients. Inclusion criteria for the study are 1)Watering/mucopurulent discharge from eyes for more than 3 months.2)Preoperative evalution for cataract surgery revealing chronic dacryocystitis, excluding patients with block of nasolacrimal duct due to tumors and drugs. Discharge from puncta was collected with a moistened sterile swab without touching the lid margin or adjacent skin. In cases, without discharge, specimen was collected from the fluid regurgitating from puncta on lacrimal syringing. Material was sent for Gram's staining and culture plating on blood agar, Mc Conkey's agar. Examination of the plates was done after 18-24 hours. If no growth is seen, plates are further incubated for 48 hours. Sensitivity to antibiotics was tested by Kirky Bauer method or Muller-Hinton agar method. Out of 200 patients, 115 showed a positive bacterial growth, of which 74% were gram-positive and 34% were gram-negative organisms, 85 did not show any growth. Staphylococcus aureus 37, Klebsiella 17, Pneumococci 13, mixed cultures7, Staphylococcus epidermidis 10, alpha hemolytic streptococci 5, B. catarrhalis 5 and anaerobes 3.
Key Words: Chronic dacryocystitis, Bacteriological study, Lacrimal apparatus, Gram's stain, culture plating on blood agar, Mc Conkey's agar, Kirky Bauer method and Muller Hinton method.

[1] Hurwitz JJ. Embryology of the lacrimal drainage system. In: Hurwitz JJ (ed) The lacrimal system. Philadelphia, Lippincott - Raven, 1996.
[2] Langman J. Medical Embryology, Ch. 17 Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1963.
[3] Duke-Elder S, Cook C. Embryology, In: Duke -Elder S (eds) Systems of Ophthalmology, Vol III, Part I. London: Henry Kimpton, 1963.
[4] Sevel D. Development and congenital abnormalities of the nasolacrimal apparatus. J Pediat Ophthalmol Strabismus 1981; 18: 13-19.
[5] Jones LT. An anatomical approach to problems of the eyelids and lacrimal apparatus. Arch Ophthalmol 1961; 66: 111.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Drug Susceptibility Pattern of Aerobic Bacterial isolates from Pulmonary Infection in HIV Seropositives and their Correlation with CD4 Count
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shilpa A., Anuradha K., Venkatesha D.
	:	10.9790/0853-13363741

Abstract: Opportunistic pulmonary disease remains an important cause of acute illness and death in patients with advanced HIV disease. A structured approach to respiratory complaints in these can result in a timely and cost-effective evaluation Materials and methods-Sputum and blood samples were collected from100 HIV seropositives with lower respiratory tract infection. Sputum processed for bacterial pathogens. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. CD4 count was estimated using blood sample by Flow cytometry method.Results-Among100 samples92yielded growth. The isolates were 62.09% bacteria, 37.9% fungal and 35% polymicrobial. Aerobic bacterial isolates were Klebsiella spp.,22(17.74%), Streptococcus pneumoniae21(16.94%),others Acinetobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp.,and E.coli. Acid Fast Bacilli and Nocardia were demonstrated in 22%&1% respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to most antibiotics but all strains were sensitive to vancomycin. Streptococcus pneumoniae was sensitive to all. Gram negative isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, β-lactams and co-trimoxazole. They were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and imipenem .CD4 count in most of them were < 200. Conclusion-It is important to identify aetiological agent with antibiotic sensitivity for a better choice of antibiotic regimens in view of emerging bacterial resistance in pathogens infecting HIV seropositive patients.
Key words: bacterial infection, CD4 count, drug resistance, HIV seropositives.

[1] http://www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/BCT_HLM-392.pdf.
[2] Keith R. Jerome. Lennette's Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Infections. 4th Ed. New York: Informa Healthcare 2010:383-96.
[3] http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/20111130_UA_Report_en.pdf
[4] Chakraborthy N, Mukherjee A, Santra S, Sarkar RN, Banerjee D, Guha SK et al. current trends of opportunistic infections among HIV-seropositive patients from Eastern India. Jpn.J.Infect.Dis., 61, 49-53, 2008.
[5] Feldman C, Klugman KP, Victor L. Yu, AkeOrtqvist et al. Bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia: Impact of HIV on clinical presentation and outcome. J Infect 2007; 55:125-135.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Pattern of Limb Amputations in Male Patients in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Odatuwa-Omagbemi D. O.
	:	10.9790/0853-13364245

Abstract: Most amputation surgeries worldwide are carried out in male patients. This negatively affects the socio-economic fortunes of the individual, family and society especially in places were rehabilitative and prosthetic facilities are lacking. The aim of this study is to highlight the pattern of limb amputation surgeries in male patients in our centre with a view to suggesting possible ways of prevention and improvement in the functionality and quality of life of amputees. Case notes of male patients who had amputation surgeries during the study period in the centre were retrieved from the records department and relevant information extracted. The extracted data were analysed accordingly. Sixty three male patients had 69 limb amputation surgeries in the centre during the study period. The mean age of the patients was 48.7 + 20.6 years. The most frequent level of amputation was at below knee level in 46% of cases followed by above knee in 17.4% of cases. The lower limb was involved in 74.5% of cases, the rest 25.5% involving the upper limb. Diabetic foot disease was the commonest indication for amputation in 37.7% of cases followed by trauma in 30.4% of cases. Wound infection was the most frequent post-operative complication occurring in 43.5% of wounds in this study.

[1]. Jawaid M, Ali I, Kaimkanni GM. Current Indications for Lower Limb Amputations at Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of Surgery. 2008; 24(4): 228-231.
[2]. Odatuwa-OmagbemiDO, Adiki OT. Extremity Amputations in Warri, South-South Nigeria. J West Afr Coll Surg. 2012; 2(1): 14-24.
[3]. Adegbehingbe OO, Akinyoola AL, Oginni LM. Predictive Factors for Primary Amputation in Trauma Patients in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. East Afr Med J. 2006; 83(10): 239-244.
[4]. Dada AA, Awoyomi BO. Is The Trend Of Amputation in Nigeria changing? A Review of 51 Consecutive Cases Seen At the Federal Medical Centre, EbuteMetta, Lagos, Nigeria. Niger J Med. 2010; 51(4): 167-169.
[5]. Abbas AD, Musa AM. Changing Pattern of Extremity Amputations in University Of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Niger J Med. 2007; 16(4): 330-333.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Fatal anaphylaxis following multiple red fire ant strings
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Radheshyam Purkait, Biswajit Das, Ashis Saha, Sreyasi Bhattacharya, Monoranjan Mondal, Birendranath Roy
	:	10.9790/0853-13364648

Abstract: Red Fire Ants Are Present In Almost All Countries And In All Places. Because Of Their Resistance To Natural And Chemical Control, Fire Ants Can Overwhelm Their Environment And Destroy Land And Animals. Fire Ants Can Also Cause A Variety Of Health Problems In Humans, Ranging From Simple Stings To Severe Life Threatening Anaphylaxis. Most Of The Deaths Following Red Fire Ant Strings Are Reported From South-Eastern United States And Australia. We Report A Three-Year-Old Child, Known Allergic To Ant-Venom, Who Died From Severe Anaphylactic Reactions Following Multiple Red Fire Ant Strings (Solenopsis Geminata). This Type Of Presentation Following Red Fire Ant Strings Is Probably First Time Reported From India. Beside Clinical Diagnosis, Significance Of Laboratory Investigations Including Postmortem Examinations In Fatal Anaphylaxis Is Also Discussed Here.
Keywords: Fatal Anaphylaxis; Red Fire Ant; Ant-Venom Allergy.

[1]. Havaldar PV, Patil SS, Phadnis C. Anaphylaxis due to red fire ant bite. Indian Pediatr. 2012;49(3):237-8.
[2]. Nandhakumar V. Angioedema following ingestion of fried flying red fire ants. Indian Pediatr. 2013;50(4):423-4.
[3]. Prahlow JA, Barnard JJ. Fatal anaphylaxis due to fire ant stings. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1998;19(2):137-42.
[4]. More DR, Kohlmeier RE, Hoffman DR. Fatal anaphylaxis to indoor native fire ant stings in an infant. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2008;29(1):62-3.
[5]. Brown SG, Wu QX, Kelsall GR, Heddle RJ, Baldo BA. Fatal anaphylaxis following jack jumper ant sting in southern Tasmania. Med J Aust. 2001;175(11-12):644-7.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Face recognition of Pose and Illumination changes using Extended ASM and Robust sparse coding
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Arulmurugan R., Laxmi Priya M. R.
	:	10.9790/0853-13364954

Abstract: Face recognition system is an application that is used to identifying or verifying a person from a digital image, which can be done by comparing selected facial features from the image and a facial database, but robust commercial applications are still lacking. Face images used present variations in pose, illumination, image quality, and resolution. The benefits of using image quality and reliability is to improve the accuracy. Face recognition (principal component analysis (PCA) to assess the feasibility of real world face recognition, but the system performance are low when the image in uncontrolled poses. Active shape models (ASMs) are statistical model, which iteratively deform to fit to a new image. The shapes are constrained by the PDM (Point Distribution Model) which is statistical shape model, to vary only in training set of labelled examples. Then weighted matching will be applied between the input image and database images. This method provide the better recognition performance when compare to the Existing methods. Here we detect the face by the Active shape model Algorithm. It is reliable to uncontrolled pose images.
Keywords: Pose and Illumination changes, Reliability indices, Image Preprocessing, Sparse coding.

[1] Maria De Marsico, Member, IEEE, Michele Nappi, Daniel Riccio, and Harry Wechsler, Fellow, IEEE
[2] N. Otsu, A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms, IEEE Trans. Systems, Man, and Cybernet. 9 (1) (1979) 62–66.
[3] A. F. Andera, and N. Michele, 2007, "2D and 3D face recognition: A survey," Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 28, pp.1885-1906.
[4] J. C. Gower, "Generalized Procrustes Analysis," Psychometrika, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 33-51, March 1975.
[5] E. Oja, 1983, "Subspace Methods of Pattern Recognition," Research studies Press ltd.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Correlation of blood culture and band cell ratio in neonatal septicaemia
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Nautiyal S., Kataria V. K., Pahuja V. K., Jauhari S., Roy R. C., Aggarwal B.
	:	10.9790/0853-13365558

Abstract: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms of infection with or without accompanying bacteraemia in the first month of life. Incidence differs among hospitals depending on variety of factors. Blood culture is considered gold standard for the diagnosis, but does not give a rapid result. Hence, there is a need to look for a surrogate marker for diagnosing neonatal septicaemia. Material & Methods: 335 neonates were studied for clinically suspected septicaemia over a period of one year. Blood was cultured and organism identified biochemically. Parameters of subjects like EOS, LOS and Band cell counts were recorded. Results analysed statistically. Results: Male preponderance was observed. Majority of the cases had a normal vaginal delivery. 47.46% cases had early onset septicaemia. Meconium stained liquor was the predominant risk factor .Culture positivity was found to be 32.24% and 87.96% of them also had band cells percentage ranging from 0 to >25. Conclusion: Band cell count can be used as a surrogate marker for neonatal septicaemia. An upsurge of Candida species as a causative agent in Neonatal septicaemia has been observed.

[1] Nelson textbook of Paediatrics, 19th ed. Philadelphia; Saunders publication, 2012. Thomson Press India Ltd.
[2] Tripathi S and Malik GK. Neonatal Sepsis: past, present and future; a review article. Internet Journal of Medical Update 2010 July; 5(2):45-54.
[3] de Haan TR, Beckers L, de Jonge RCJ, Spanjaard L, van Toledo L, et al. (2013) Neonatal Gram Negative and Candida Sepsis Survival and Neurodevelopmental Outcome at the Corrected Age of 24 Months. PLoS ONE 8(3): e59214. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059214
[4] Oberoi JK, Wattal C, Goel N, Raveendran R, Dutta S and Prasad K. Non- albicans Candida species in blood stream infections in a tertiary care hospital at New Delhi, India. IJMR 2012; 136: 997-1003.
[5] Singh RI, Xess I, Mathur P, Behera B, Gupta B and Misra MC. Epidemiology of candidaemia in critically ill trauma patients: experiences of a level I trauma centre in North India. JMM 2011;60: 342-348

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Euphorbia tirucalli Extracts and the Effect of Latex on Growth and Viability of Mouse Breast Cancer Cells EMT-6
Country	:	China
Authors	:	Khalil Lafi Aljabarin, M. Farraj, Bahjat Jabarin, Zhou Jian Feng
	:	10.9790/0853-13365963

Abstract: Euphorbia tirucalli is a plant presents in many countries which also known as Aveloz. This tree used in traditional medicine for treatment different types of disease. In this research we tested the effects of aveloz latex, stem and leaves extracts on different gram positive and gram negative bacteria, and its effects on some types of fungi, also we tested the aveloz effects on mouse breast cancer cells. So we did extraction for leaves and stems of aveloz by methanol and prepared the latex directly from the tree by aseptic technique. Then we prepared different dilutions from the 3 products, then we prepared the inoculums, culture and sensitivity techniques were be performed, tissue culture for mouse breast cancer cells and latex were performed to study its anti-cancer effects. Results showed us there were effects of the stem and leaves extracts on some types of bacteria where the latex appeared a best sensitivity on some fungi species. There was an interesting effect of latex on cancer cells. Aveloz products can be used in producing materials to prepare medical products may be help in treating different diseases.
Key words: Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbia tirucali; Aveloz; Latex; EBV (Epestein bar Virus); CFU-GM (colony forming unit- Granulocyte Monocyte).

[1]. Ang-Lee MK, Moss J, Yuan CS. Herbal medicines and perioperative care. JAMA. 286(20:208-216.
[2]. Cataluña, P, et al. "The traditional use of the latex from Euphorbia tirucalli Linnaeus (Euphorbiaceae) in the treatment of cancer in South Brazil." ISHS Acta Horticulture 501: II WOCMAP Congress Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Part 2: Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology, Phytomedicine, Toxicology.'
[3]. Duke, J. Euphorbia tirucalli L. Handbook of Energy Crops. Unpublished. 1983. Available through Purdue University Center for New Crops & Plants Products.
[4]. Valadares MC, et al. euphorbia tirucalli L. modulates myelopoiesis and enhances the resistance of tumor –bearing mice. int. Immunopharmacol, 2006 Feb; 2: 294-9.
[5]. Bani S, et al. anti- arthritic activity of a biopolymeric fraction from Euphorbia tirucalli. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Mar 1; 110(1): 92-8.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Photodynamic Therapy- A Ray towards Periodontics
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Dheeraj Khurana, Dr. Sharnamma B., Dr. Promod Kumar Rathore, Dr. Prashant Tyagi
	:	10.9790/0853-13366471

Abstract: The increase of microbial resistance and development of lighting devices with safe and accurate delivery of energy, today professionals can count on therapies to manage pathogens in different fields of dentistry, especially periodontics. The possibility of development of resistance to antibiotics by the target organism has led to development of a new concept with fewer complications i.e. Photodynamic Therapy. The combination of laser light and photosensitizer known as photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be used in periodontal therapy. LASER produces a monochromatic, collimated and coherent light beam. This unique form of light can interact with living tissues leading to surgical and/ or therapeutic applications. A Photosensitizer is a dye substance that is absorbed by the microorganism, cell or tissue allowing it to interact with the light. This mode of treatment is referred to as photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photo-activated disinfection (PAD). Application of photodynamic therapy in periodontics such as pocket debridement, gingivitis, aggressive periodontitis continue to evolve into a mature clinical treatment modality, and is considered as a promising novel approach for eradicating pathogenic bacteria in periodontitis. This Article presents an overview of photodynamic therapy as it represents a novel therapeutic approach in the management of periodontal diseases.
Keywords: Light, Periodontitis, Peri-Implantitis, Photoactivated Disinfection, Photodynamic Therapy, Photosensitizing agents.

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[2]. S.Rajesh,ElizabethKoshi,KoshiPhilip,AparnaMohan, Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: An overview, Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 15(4), 2011, 323-327.
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[4]. Von Tappeiner H, JodlbauerAÜberdieWirkung der photodynamischen (fluorescierenden) Stoffe auf Protozoen und Enzyme. Dtsch Arch Klin Med 39, 1904, 427–487.
[5]. Shivakumar V., Shanmugam M., Sudhir G, PavithraPriyadarshoni S Scope of photodynamic therapy in periodontics and other fields of dentistry, Journal of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, 2(2),2012, 78-83.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Study of Seasonal Variation in Snake Bite Patients Admitted To a Mangalore Based Tertiary Care Hospital
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ali MQ, George P., Bhat KS
	:	10.9790/0853-13367274

Abstract: The study was conducted to assess a seasonal pattern of patients attending the emergency services following history of a snake bite. Materials and Methods: It was aprospective study of 60 snake bite patients who presented to the Emergency services of a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore. The study was carried out over a period of two years. Data was collected by recording the date, time, and the history regarding the circumstances that led to the bite. A clinical examination of the site of bite and a systemic examination was carried out. The information was captured to a preformatted data sheet. Data was analysed using mean, frequency and percentage. Results: It was observed that 53.8% of the affected patients were involved in agricultural activity.The bite was observed in the left lower limb in 34.8% of the cases. An increased incidence of snakebite was found during the months of May to November as 70 percent of the bites were observed during this period. Patients were more susceptible to snake bite after the evening hours as 55% of the bites were observed between 6:00pm to 12:00 am. Conclusion: An increased incidence of snake bite is observed during the later part of monsoon.
Keywords: Snake bite, Seasonal variation, site of bite.

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