iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2014

Abstract: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) continues to be a burden to the global healthcare system. Locally, the prevalence of MRSA in New Zealand has increased significantly over the last 10 years underscoring the urgency to control the colonisation and spread of MRSA. Following on from a previous multi-centre study looking at MRSA colonisation in the nares and throats of a New Zealand population using a PCR method, this study aims to determine the usefulness of DNA melting curve analysis in the differentiation of MRSA strains. Specifically investigated is a possible relationship between the isolate DNA melting temperature (TM) and MRSA strain.

[1] M Kuehnert, D Kruszon-Moran, H Hill, G McQuillan, S McAllister, G Fosheim, et al. Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal
Colonization in the United States, 2001–2002. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 193(2), 2006, 172-179.
[2] F DeLeo, H Chambers. Reemergence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the genomics era. Journal of Clinical
Investigation, 119, 2009, 2464-2471.
[3] G Ayliffe. The Progressive Intercontinental Spread of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical Infectious Diseases,
24, 1997, S74-79.
[4] J Engemann, Y Carmeli, S Cosgrove, V Fowler, M Bronstein, S Trivette, et al. Adverse Clinical and Economic Outcomes
Attributable to Methicillin Resistance among Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Surgical Site Infection. Clinical Infectious
Diseases, 36(5), 2003, 592-598.

Abstract: Background and objectives : Reproductive tract infection presents a huge burden of disease and adversely impacts reproductive health. A broad based study conducted in different part of the country revealed a prevalence of reproductive tract infections varying from 19 to 71%. Marked variations have been found in terms of pattern and level of morbidity. The present study was undertaken with the following Objectives: [1] To assess the prevalence of various reproductive tract infections among ever-married women aged 15-49 years based on laboratory diagnosis. [2] To understand the influence of various factors on reproductive tract infections in women.

[1]       The Global Burden of Reproductive ill health PROGRESS newsletter  in Human Reproduction Research, PROGRESS,(42):2,1997
[2]       Reproductive health strategy, to accelerate progress towards the attainment of international development goals and targets, (World Health Organisation 2004, Geneva):14-19
[3]       Prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections: draft global strategy, (World Health 
Organisation, fifty-ninth World Health Assembly,A59/11,18 May 2006) :10                                                                                   
[4]       Latha K, Kanai, S.J., Maitra, bhatt G.B., Prevalence of clinically detectable gynecological morbidity  in India-result of four community based studies, The  journal of family welfare ;43(4)1997, 8-16.
[5]       Bhatia J.C., and Cleland J. “Self reported symptoms of gynecological morbidity and their treatment in south India”, Studies in family Planning,  26(4),1995,203-216

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Study to Assess Patient Safety Culture amongst a Category of Hospital Staff of a Teaching Hospital
Country	:	India
Authors	:	MV Rao, Dayakar Thota, P Srinivas
	:	10.9790/0853-13341622

Abstract: Patient Safety is an important aspect of health care and is an issue of high concern globally, since the magnitude of the harm done to patients by preventable errors is alarming. It is essential for every health care institution and hence instilling Patient safety culture amongst all staff involved in health care delivery is of vital importance. A survey tool called " Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture Questionnaire'' was developed by a private research organization under contract with, and funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

[1] Kohn L T, Corrigan J M., Donaldson M S( Institute of Medicine). To err is human: Building a safer health system. Washington, DC: National Academy of press; 2000, 1
[2] World Health Organization. The Conceptual Framework for the International Classification for Patient Safety. Available at: http://www.who.int/patientsafety/taxonomy/icps_statement_of_purpose.pdf.
[3] Ranjan M., Nobhojit R, Sukhmeet P (2012) 'Patient Safety in India: Time to speed up our efforts to reduce avoidable harm', THE NATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDIA, VOL. 25 (NO. 3), 129-131.
[4] World Health Organization (2012). Fundamentals in Patient Safety, Available at: http://www.who.int/patientsafety/education/curriculum/course1_handout.pdf (Accessed: July, 2013).
[5] World Health Organization. The Conceptual Framework for the International Classification for Patient Safety. Available at: http://www.who.int/patientsafety/taxonomy/icps_statement_of_purpose.pdf , 106
[6] WHO-ICPS, 2009. In nutshell, Patient safety is "freedom from accidental injury due to medical care, or medical errors".

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Risk Factors For Ectopic Pregnancy : A Case Control Study In Tertiary Care Centre
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Bhavna , Dr. K.B. Gupta, Dr. K. Pathania, Dr. Monika Jindal, Dr. Rashmi Vohra, Dr.Mushtaq Ahmed
	:	10.9790/0853-13342327

Abstract: To study various risk factors for ectopic pregnancy among population of Himachal Pradesh. Method : Present case control study was conducted over a period of one year in the Department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Kamla Nehru State Hospital for mother and child, Indira Gandhi Medical College , Shimla from March, 2011 to Feb, 2012. In this case control study, all the diagnosed cases of ectopic pregnancy were taken as cases and controls were the age matched women with normal intrauterine pregnancy of same gestation age. Total number of diagnosed ectopic pregnancy cases who reported to hospital during study period were 110. All cases were analysed.

[1]. Rock JA, Jones HW. Ectopic Pregnancy. In: Te Linde's Operative Gynecology. 10th ed. New Delhi: Wolters Kluwer Publication Pvt. Ltd; 2008; p.798-22.
[2]. Cunninghum FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Rouse DJ, Spong CY. Ectopic Pregnancy. In: Williams Obstetrics. 23rd ed. United States of America: Mc Graw Hills Publishing; 2010; p.238-54.
[3] Khaleeque F, Siddiqui RI and Jafarey SN. Ectopic Pregnancy: A Three year study. JPMA 2001; 51: 240-44.
[4]. Anorlu RI, Oluwole A, Abudu OO and Adebajo S. Risk Factors for Ectopic Pregnancy in Lagos, Nigeria. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2005; 84:184-88.
[5]. Kopani F, Rrugia A and Manoku N. Ectopic pregnancy comparison of different treatments. Journal of Prenatal Medicine 2010; 4(2): 30-34.
[6]. Panchal D, Vaishnav G and Solanki K. Study of Management in patient with Ectopic Pregnancy. NJIRM 2011; 2 (3): 91-94.
[7]. Handler A, Davis F, Ferre C and Yeko T. The relationship of smoking and ectopic pregnancy. Am J Public Health 1989; 79:1239 -1242.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Reliability of Examiners' Evaluations of Oral Presentations in Fixed Prosthodontics
Country	:	Saudi Arabia
Authors	:	Salma A. Bahannan
	:	10.9790/0853-13342831

Abstract: This study assessed the inter-examiner variability on student scores when assessing oral presentations in Fixed Prosthodontics course. Oral presentations of fifth-year dental students were randomly selected. Students presented their topic within 15 minutes, followed by 10 minutes of detailed personal feedback and group discussion. Three senior faculty members participated in the evaluation session based on predefined criteria. Four levels of grading for rating presentation as highly acceptable, acceptable, marginally acceptable, or unacceptable were used. The scoring patterns of the evaluators were statistically analyzed using Friedman's test. The study revealed significant differences among the mean rank scores of the evaluators (P=0.001) for all criteria. Moreover, the mean rank scores of the 3 evaluators for the total value of all criteria were significantly different (P=0.001). The pairwise comparison test showed significant difference between each pair of evaluators (P=0.001) for all criteria. However, the difference was not significant for the first and the third evaluators for the second criteria (P=0.238). There was significant difference between each pair of evaluators (P=0.001) for the total value of all criteria.

Key words: reliability, evaluation, presentation, students, examiner.

[1] Ingebrigtsen J, Røynstrand E, Berge M. An evaluation of the preclinical prosthodontic training at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway. Eur J Dent Educ. 2007;12(2):80-4.
[2] Taleghani M, Solomon ES, Wathen WF. Non-graded clinical evaluation of dental srudents in a competency based educational program. J Dent Educ. 2004;68(6):644-55.
[3] Deranleau NJ, Feiker JH, Beck M. Effect of percentage cut-off scores and scale point evaluation on preclinical project evaluation. J Dent Educ. 1983;47(10):650-5.
[4] Gaines WG, Rasmussen RH, Uchello E. Increasing the objectivity of clinical grading. Dent Hyg. 1975;49(6):277-80.
[5] Goepferd SJ, Kerber PE. A comparison of two methods for evaluating primary class II cavity preparations. J Dent Educ. 1980;44(9):537-42.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A retrospective study of prognostic factors in locally advanced cancer of uterine cervix in a Rural Medical College of West Bengal
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Santanu Acharya, Dr. Ashis Kumar Saha, Dr Bidyut Mandal, Dr Sumitava De, Dr Srikrishna Mandal, Dr. Chhanda Das
	:	10.9790/0853-13343235

Abstract: Cervical cancer is the most common gynaecological malignancy in rural Bengal. There is significant improvement in pelvic disease control and survival when concurrent Cisplatin chemotherapy is added to radiotherapy in stage IB2 –IVA. We assessed the result of cervical cancer treated for the consecutive two years on total 189 patients, with particular emphasis on the methods of treatment and their prognostic outcome. The patients were evaluated with physical and pelvic examination for staging of cervical cancer, routine blood count, Biochemistry profile, chest radiograph, IVU, barium enema and CECT scan.

[1] Whitney CW, Sause W, Bundy BN, Malfetano JH. Randomized comparison of fluorouracil plus cisplatin versus hydroxyurea as an adjunct to radiation therapy in stage IIB-IVA carcinoma of the cervix with negative para-aortic lymph nodes: a Gynecologic Oncology Group and Southwest Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol. 1999 May;17(5):1339-48
[2] Eifel PJ, Winter K, Morris M. Pelvic irradiation with concurrent chemotherapy versus pelvic and para-aortic irradiation for high-risk cervical cancer: an update of radiation therapy oncology group trial (RTOG) 90-01. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Mar 1;22(5):872-80
[3] Rose PG, Ali S, Watkins E, Thigpen JT, Deppe G; Long-term follow-up of a randomized trial comparing concurrent single agent cisplatin, cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy, or hydroxyurea during pelvic irradiation for locally advanced cervical cancer: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Jul 1;25(19):2804-10
[4] Keys HM, Bundy BN, Stehman FB, Okagaki T, Gallup DG; Radiation therapy with and without extrafascial hysterectomy for bulky stage IB cervical carcinoma: a randomized trial of the Gynecologic Oncology Group. Gynecol Oncol. 2003 Jun;89(3):343-53
[5] Nandakumar A, Anantha N, Venugopal TC. Incidence, mortality and survival in cancer of the cervix in Bangalore, India. . Br J Cancer. 1995 Jun;71(6):1348-52

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Probiotics in Periodontal Diseases
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shiny Joseph
	:	10.9790/0853-13343639

Abstract: The oral cavity has been shown to be the home to almost 700 different species of bacteria1. This includes both potential pathogenic microorganisms and beneficial microorganisms, and a balance between the host friendly and host hostile microorganisms decide the state of the health or disease of the host. In the past, the line of management of an infection was through administration of antibiotics. Antibiotics are chemotherapeutic substances that destroy harmful microorganisms that cause infection, while inadvertently destroying the beneficial microbes as well. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics over time has led to the development of drug resistant microbes and destruction of the indigenous flora of the host.

[1]. Aas JA, Paster BJ, Stokes LN, Olsen I, Dewhirst FE. Defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 5721_32.
[2]. Deepa D, Mehta DS. Is the role of probiotics friendly in the treatment of periodontal diseases! J Indian Soc Periodontol 2009;13:30–1.
[3]. Gupta G. Probiotics and periodontal health. J Med Life. 2011 Nov 14;4(4):387-94.
[4]. Quirynen M, Teughels W, Hoake SK, Newman MG. Chapter 9. Microbiology of periodontal disease. Newman, Takkei, Klokkevold Carranza. Text book of Carranza's Clinical Periodontology. 10th edition. Saunders; 2006. p157
[5]. Mackay AD, Taylor MB, Kibbler CC, Hamilton-Miller JM. Lactobacillus endocarditis caused by a probiotic organism. Clin Microbiol Infect. 1999;5:290–2.
[6]. Quirynen M, Teughels W, Hoake SK, Newman MG. Chapter 9. Microbiology of periodontal disease. Newman, Takkei, Klokkevold Carranza. Text book of Carranza's Clinical Periodontology. 10th edition. Saunders; 2006. p153

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	"Role of Rigid Nasal Endoscopy in the Diagnosis and Management of Epistaxis"
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. M. Mahesh babu, Dr. Belure gowda, Dr. H.S. Satish
	:	10.9790/0853-13344045

Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the various local causes for and management of epistaxis by using rigid nasal endoscope. Methods: Totally 50 patients with epistaxis were analyzed over a period of 1 year in Sri Venkateshwara ENT Institute and Bowring and Lady Curzon hospital using rigid nasal endoscope either under Local or General anesthesia. Those patients in whom, the cause for epistaxis was difficult to be made out on anterior and posterior rhinoscopy, were chosen for rigid nasal endoscopy to localize the bleeding point.

[1] Gerald w mcgarry, epistaxis chapter 126, Scott-brown‟s, 7th edition, vol 2 page 1596 -1606.
[2] Rodrigo P. Santos, Fernando D. Leonhard, Ricardo G. Ferri, Luiz C. Gregorio, "Endoscopic endonasal ligation of the
sphenopalatine artery for severe epistaxis", Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, year 2002, Vol.68, edition 4. pp 511-514.
[3] Petruson B: Epistaxis: a clinical study with special reference to fibrinolysis. ActaOtolaryngol 1974; S317:3.
[4] Pollice PA, Yoder MG: Epistaxis: a retrospective review of hospitalized patients. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997; 117:49.
[5] O'Donnell M, Robertson G, McGarry GW. A new bipolar diathermy probe for the outpatient management of adult acute epistaxis.
Clinical Otolaryngology. 1999; 24: 537-41.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Study of Red Cell Parameters in Patients of Sickle Cell Trait
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Kasturi Chikhlikar, Anne Wilkinson
	:	10.9790/0853-13344650

Abstract:The inherited disorders of blood include hemoglobinopathies which are one of the major public health problems in India.1 Sickle cell disease is the second most common hemoglobinopathy next to Thalassemia in India.2 The findings of the Indus valley civilization site indicate the prevalence of hereditary anemia (sickle cell disease or β thalassemia) in the Indian subcontinent from about 2000-5000 BC.3 General incidence of Sickle cell disease in India is 1-44%.4,5,6

1. Balgir RS. The burden of hemoglobinopathies in India and the challenges ahead. Curr Sci. 2000;79:1536-47.
2. Agarwal MB, Mehta BC. Sickle syndrome - A study of 44 cases from Bombay. Indian Paediatrics. 1980;17:793.
3. Balgir RS. Epidemiology, Population Health Genetics and Phenotypic Diversity of Sickle Cell Disease in India. The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology. 2007;1(2). DOI: 10.5580/17fb.
4. Balgir RS, Sharma SK. Distribution of sickle cell hemoglobin in India. Indian J Hemat. 1988;6:1-14.
5. Balgir RS. Health care strategies, genetic load, and prevention of hemoglobinopathies in tribal communities in India. South Asian Anthropologist. 2004;4:189-198.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Rare Case of Parathyroid Adenoma Presenting As Acute Pancreatitis
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Korumilli Ramesh Kumar1, Dr. A. Sai Datta2, Dr. G. Gautham Reddy3
	:	10.9790/0853-13345153

Abstract: Acute pancreatitis as a first manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) caused by parathyroid adenoma is exceptionally rare. A 24 year old female presented with pain in the left side of chest , upper abdomen and breathlessness. Laboratory studies showed elevated levels of calcium, amylase, lipase and parathormone. She was found to have associated gall stones, pancreatic and renal medullary calcifications and also left sided pleural effusion. Tc 99m scan showed increased activity of right inferior parathyroid gland. The patient underwent surgical resection of the functioning parathyroid adenoma. Although the actual causal relationship between hypercalcemia and pancreatitis has been a persistent topic of debate, detection of hypercalcemia may be a clue to diagnose PHPT due to parathyroid adenoma.

Keywords: Acute pancreatitis, Hypercalcemia, Parathyroid adenoma, Tc 99 m sestamibi scan.

[1]. Egea Valenzuela J, Belchí Segura E, Sánchez Torres A, Carballo Alvarez F. Acute pancreatitis associated with hypercalcemia. A report of two cases. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2009;101:65–69.

[2]. Bai HX, Giefer M, Patel M, Orabi AI, Husain SZ. The association of primary hyperparathyroidism with pancreatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2012;46:656–661.

[3]. Fraser WD. Hyperparathyroidism. Lancet 2009;374:145–158

[4]. Frick TW. The role of calcium in acute pancreatitis. Surgery 2012;152 3 Suppl 1:S157–S163.
[5]. Frick TW, Fernandez-del Castillo C, Bimmler D, Warshaw AL. Elevated calcium and activation of trypsinogen in rat pancreatic acini. Gut. 1997;41(3):339-343

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An Analysis Of Failure Of Dynamic Hip Screw With Plate In The Management Of Intertrochanteric Fractures
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mohan N S, Chandrashekar H S
	:	10.9790/0853-13345457

Abstract: Intertrochanteric femoral fractures are common among older age group and are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality .Open reduction and internal fixation using dynamic hip screw (DHS) device remains the gold standard in the management of these fractures, but the fixation failure rate remains high especially in unstable fractures. This study was conducted on failures of dynamic hip screw fixation in the management of interochanteric femoral fractures between 2009 to 2011.Pre and post operative radiographs were assessed for fracture reduction.

[1] Koval KJ, Cantu RV, Intertrochanteric fractures, in Buchloz RW, Heckman JD, Courtbrown CM, Tornetta III P, Mcqueen MM, Ricci WM. (7thEd), Rockwood and Green's Fractures in adults, (Wolters Kluwer: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010)1570-1597.
[2] Hagrod GA, Choudhary MT, Hussain A, Dynamic hip screw in proximal femur, Indian journal of orthopaedics, 28(2),1994, 3-6.
[3] Atul S, Srivastava KP, Anupam G, Treatment of trochanteric fracture by dynamic hip screw & gamma locking nail, Indian journal of orthopaedics,31(2),1997,118-22.
[4] Wee-Yoo.Kim, Chang-Hwan Han, Jin II Park, Failure of Intertrochanteric fracture fixation with dynamic hip screw in relation to postoperative fracture stability and osteoporosis, International Orthopaedics, 25, 2001, 360-62.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Endoscopic brush cytology: a screening and surveillance tool for esophageal malignancy.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Kajal Salpekar, Dr. Sadhana Mahore, Dr. Pragati Karmarkar
	:	10.9790/0853-13345863

Abstract: Upper gastrointestinal tract is a common site for various lesions, especially malignant tumors. In India, esophageal and gastric cancers are the most common cancers found in men, while esophageal cancer ranks third among women after the carcinoma of breast and cervix. Squamous cell carcinoma is still the most common esophageal malignancy in India. Adenocarcinoma presents a decade earlier than squamous cell carcinoma.

[1]. Flejou J F. Berrett's esophagus: from metaplasia to dysplasia and cancer. Gut 2005; 54(Suppl I): i6–i12.
[2]. Kato H, Tachimori Y, Watanube H, Yamaguchi H, Ishikawa J, Itabashi M. Superficial esophageal carcinoma. Surgical treatment and results. Cancer. 1990; 66: 2319-23.
[3]. Hirschowitz BI. A fibre optic flexible oesophagoscope. Lancet 1963; 2: 388
[4]. Karmarkar P, Wilkinson A, Manohar T, Joshi A, Mahore S. Diagnostic utility of endoscopic brush cytology in upper gastrointestinal lesions and its correlation with biopsy. IOSR-JDMS. 2013 Mar-Apr; 5 (2): 32-36.
[5]. Sharma P , Mcquaid K, Dent J, Fennerty MB, Sampliner R, Spechler S, et al. A Critical Review of the Diagnosis and Management of Barrett's Esophagus: The AGA Chicago Workshop Gastroenterology 2004;127:310–330.
[6]. Stoner GD, Gupta A. Etiology and chemoprevention of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2001; 22:1737–1746.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Prolapsed Submucous Uterine Fibroid with Associated Uterovaginal Prolapse: A Case Report
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Babah O A, Afolabi B B, Ayanbode O, Atoki A, Okafor O
	:	10.9790/0853-13346467

Abstract: Prolapsed submucous uterine myoma occurring in association with uterovaginal prolapse is a rare gynaecological condition. When ulcerated, it may give an appearance that mimicks a malignant mass giving a sinister picture despite its benign nature. Only a few cases of prolapsed myoma has been reported, majority of which occurred in association with chronic non-puerperal uterine inversion. A few others were associated with urethrovaginal fistula and intermittent acute urinary retention.

[1]. Bista KD, Rana A, Guning G, Pradham N, Amatya A. Towards uterine inversion: Illustration of a gradual process through 3 cases of submucous myoma. N J Obstet Gynaecol. 2006; 1(2):51-54.
[2]. de Vries M, Perquin DAM. Non-puerperal uterine inversion due to submucous myoma in a young woman: a case report. Journals of Medical Case Reports. 2010; 4:21.
[3]. Omololu OM, Rabiu1 KA, Quadri MA, Oyedeko MO, Fatogun YM. Submucous fibroid: A case report. Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal. Npmj.edu.ng/sample-link/26-submucous-fibroid-a-case-report. Last updated 3/6/2011.
[4]. Kilpatrick CC, Chohan L, Maier RC. Chronic nonpuerperal uterine inversion and necrosis: a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports. 2010; 4:381.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Review Of Eclampsia At The Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Lagos, Nigeria: Have We Improved?
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Babah O A, Oluwole A A, Afolabi B B, Odum C U
	:	10.9790/0853-13346873

Abstract: A total of 12,234 patients were treated in the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) for various obstetric conditions between January 1, 1996 and December 31, 2005. Of these, 165 (1.35%) were eclamptics. 148 (89.7%) of these were pre-delivery eclamptics and 17 (10.3%) were post-delivery eclamptics. Unbooked eclamptics remained a dominant group comprising 149 (90.3%) of all eclamptics. Mean maternal age was 26.59±0.44 years. Most of these patients were of low parity; primiparae constituting 76.8% and multiparae 23.2%. Mean gestational amenorrhoea at onset of eclampsia being 34.64±0.44 weeks. There were 22 maternal deaths due to eclampsia and its complications with a maternal mortality rate of 133.3 per 1000 eclamptics. The commonest causes of maternal deaths were septicaemia (13.64%), acute renal failure (9.09%) and respiratory failure (9.09%). There were 54 perinatal deaths, with a perinatal mortality rate of 346.2 per 1000.

[1]. Odum CU, Akinkugbe A. The causes of Maternal Deaths in Eclampsia in Lagos, Nigeria. West Afr J Med. 1991; 10 (1):371 – 6.
[2]. Odum CU. Eclampsia: An Analysis of 845 Cases Treated in the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria Over a 20-year Period. J Obst Gyn East Cent Afr. 1991; 9:16 – 20.
[3]. Odum CU, Akinkugbe A, Emuveyan EE. Mortality in Eclampsia in the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH); Comparison of the recent 10-year period (1967 - 1976). West Afr J Med. 1990; 9(3):157 – 163.
[4]. Odum CU, Ohaya NI. A Follow up Study of Eclampsia in Lagos 1986 – 1995. Nig Qt J Hosp Med. 1997; 7(1): 25 – 28.
[5]. Onuh SO, Aisien AO. Maternal and foetal outcome in eclamptic patients in Benin City, Nigeria. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2004; 24(7) 765 – 8.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effects of obesity on the development of uterine leiomyomata: a retrospective study of 169 women Who had myomectomy in southern Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Babah OA, Oluwole AA, Afolabi BB
	:	10.9790/0853-13347478

Abstract: This is a retrospective study of 169 women who had myomectomy for symptomatic uterine leiomyomata in Lagos, Nigeria between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2012. This study aimed at ascertaining the relationship between uterine leiomyomata and obesity. The patients in this series were in their reproductive age with peak incidence amongst the 35-44 years age group (57.23% of study population). Majority of these subjects (69.16%) were obese (BMI ≥ 25 in this series). They were predominantly nulliparous women (83.23%) and mostly of the middle socioeconomic class.

[1] Aboyeji AP, Ijaiya MA. Uterine fibroids: a ten-year clinical review in Ilorin, Nigeria. Niger J Med. 2002; 11(1): 16 – 9.
[2] Okezie O, Ezeugwu HU. Management of uterine fibroids in Enugu. Nigeria. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2006; 26(4): 363 – 365.
[3] Mohammed A, Shehu SM, Ahmed SA, Ahmed SA, Mayun AA, Tiffin IU, et al. Uterine leiomyomata: a five-year clinico-pathological review in Zaria, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Surgical Research. 2005; 7(1&2): 206 – 208.
[4] Takeda T, Sakata M, Isobe A, Miyake A, Nishimoto F, Ota Y, et al. Relationship between metabolic syndrome and uterine leiomyomas: A case-control study. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2008; 66(1):14-17.
[5] Rein MS, Barbieri RI, Friedman AJ. Progesterone: a critical role in the pathogenesis of uterine myomas. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995; 172(1): 14-18.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Conservative management of single fetal death in twin pregnancy at a tertiary health institution in southern Nigeria: a case report
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Babah O A, Olamijulo A, Ayanbode O S, Sanusi M M
	:	10.9790/0853-13347983

Abstract: Introduction: The death of a twin in the second or third trimester of pregnancy is a rare obstetric complication. This might pose management challenge to the obstetrician. It is a cause of great concern and psychological stress to the parents. There are potential complications to the mother and the surviving twin. Despite the fact that Nigeria has one of the highest twinning rates in the world, very few case reports on twinning and its complications exist in the literature.

[1] Abasiattai AM, Umoiyoho AJ, Utuk NM, Shittu DG. Incidence and mode of delivery of twin pregnancies in Uyo, Nigeria. Niger Med J. 2010; 51: 170 – 2.
[2] Akinboro A, Azeez MA, Bakare AA. Frequency of twinning in south-west Nigeria. Indian Journal of Human Genetics. 2008; 14(2): 41 – 47.
[3] Smits J, Monden C. Twinning across the developing world. PLOS ONE. 2011; 6(9): e25239.
[4] Kursheed R, Ahmed A, Parveen K. Foetus papyraceous in twin pregnancy – A case report. The Internet Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2009;11(2).
[5] Juntao L, Jiaxin Y, Xuming B, Yu Z. Conservative management of twin pregnancy with single fetal death. Clin Med Sci J. 2000; 15(2): 103 – 6.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Immunohistochemical studies (ER & Ki-67) in Proliferative breast lesions adjacent to malignancy
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. R. Sathyalakshmi, Dr. A. Sundaram, Dr. Chithra Srinivasan, Dr. Subachithra
	:	10.9790/0853-13348489

Abstract: Breast carcinoma is the second most frequently occuring malignant tumor and the leading cause of cancer death in women . Breast carcinomas usually arise in a multistep fashion from intermediary lesions to invasive cancer. The presence of different lesions within the same breast adjacent to malignancy is a phenomenon that can prove the multistep progression to malignancy (1,3). The aim of this study was to identify the predominantly occurring lesion adjacent to malignancy and study the histological appearance, Proliferative Ki-67 index (MIB-1 index) and Estrogen receptor (ER) status in such lesions and substantiate their possible identity as a premalignant lesion in that particular case.

[1] Hartmann L C, Sellers TA, Frost MH, Lingle WL, Degnim AC, Ghosh K, Vierkant RA, Maloney SD, Pankratz VS, Hillman DW et al: Benign breast disease and risk of breast cancer – New England Journal of Medicine Vol – 353:229-237 July 2005.
[2] Dupont W D, Page D L - Risk factors for breast cancer in women with proliferative breast disease - New England J of Medicine 1985,312:146-151.
[3] Ki 67 – a luminal marker that identifies high risk subgroup in hormone receptor positive and node negative breast cancer – Journal of Clinical Oncology June 2007 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceeding Part 1 Volume 25.
[4] Fuelgen DNA content and mitotic activity in proliferative breast disease – A comparison with DCIS – Biomarkers of Proliferative breast disease – 1995 The Breast Journal 1:4,222-226.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	"A Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Three Endodontic Sealers: Endoflas FS, AH Plus and sealapex against Enterococcus faecalis - an in vitro study."
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Ruchi Arora, Dr. Parul Rawat, Dr. Deepak P. Bhayya
	:	10.9790/0853-13349093

Abstract: Aims and Objective: To compare the antimicrobial properties of three endodontic sealers such as Sealapex (calcium hydroxide based), Endoflas FS (zinc oxide eugenol based) and AH Plus (resin based) against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods: The materials required for the study were sealers like Sealapex, AH plus and Endoflass FS, incubator, tweezer, scale and autoclave. The study was conducted on agar plates.

[1] Ingle JI, Bakland LK, Baumgartner JC. Ingle's Endodontics 6. 6th Ed. Hamilton Decker. 2008: 221-85.
[2] Grossman LI, Oliet S, Rio CED. Endodontic practice. 11th Ed. Varghese publishing house, India. 1991:234-41.
[3] Gupte S. Medical Microbiology. 2002. 8th Edi. Jaypee Brothers. 2002:166-172.
[4] Portenier I, Tuomos MT, Haapsalo M. Enterococcus faecalis- the root canal survivor and star in post treatment disease. Endodontic Topics. 2003; 6:135-59.
[5] Evans M, Davies JK, Sundqvist G, Figdor D. Mechanisms involved in the resistance of Enterococcus faecalis to calcium hydroxide. Int Endod J. 2002; 35:221-28.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Periodontal Dressing
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Triveni Kale, Dr.Nitin Dani, Dr.Tejas Patange
	:	10.9790/0853-13349498

Abstract: Periodontal dressing is a surgical dressing used post operatively to cover and protect the surface of surgical wound created by periodontal therapy.The sequelae of periodontal surgery are commonly pain, swelling, inflammation and bleeding and thus, many periodontists advocate that some form of protection should be applied over the injurious tissue so that the affected area is shielded from further insult1

[1]. Linghorne W.J & O'Connell D.C. The therapeutic properties of periodontal cement pack. Journal of the Canadian dental association
(1949)
[2]. H. A. Sachs, A. Farnoush. Current Status of Periodontal Dressings. J. Periodontol. December, 1984; 55; 689-696
[3]. Muthukumarasamy, Nazargi Mahabob. Periodontal dressing: A Review. Jident issue 1 volume 1 october 2012; 24-33
[4]. Box H. K. and Ham A. W.: Necrotic gingivitis: its histopathology and treatment with an adherent dressing. Oral Health 37:721.
1942.
[5]. Orban, B.: The use of paraformaldehyde and oxygen in periodontal treatment. J Periodontology 14: 37. 1943.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Study on Serum Albumin as Prognostic Marker in Dengue
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr Yogananda Reddy, Dr Roshan M
	:	10.9790/0853-133499102

Abstract: Dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. In the last 50 years, incidence has increased 30-fold with increasing geographic expansion to new countries and, in the present decade, from urban to rural settings . An estimated 50 million dengue infections occur annually worldwide.1There are four virus serotypes, which are designated as DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4.

[1]. Organisation WH, Editor. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Who Geneva;2000
[2]. Dengue Net in India. Weekly Epidemiological Record 2004; 79:57-6.
[3]. Brio CA, Albuquerque mf, Lucena-Silva N. Plasma leakage detection in severe dengue: When serum albumin quantification plays a role Rev SocBras Med Trop 2007; 40:220-3.
[4]. Srikiatkhachorn A. Plasma leakage in dengue hemorrhagic fever. ThrombHaemost 2009; 102:1042-49.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Insights into Common Microdeletion Syndromes
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Sathiya Maran, Mehboob Alam Pasha, Thirumulu Ponnuraj Kannan
	:	10.9790/0853-1334103110

Abstract: Microdeletion syndromes are due to submicroscopic chromosomal deletions and display a complex clinical and behavioral phenotype. This occurs because of an imbalance of normal dosage of genes that are present in that segment of chromosome. Many clinical characteristics of the well-known microdeletion syndromes are very specific and have been well defined. It is not always possible to detect these microdeletions by using the conventional or high resolution karyotyping. This necessitates the application of molecular cytogenetic techniques and the recent widespread usage and an in-depth knowledge of methods such as G-band karyotyping,

[1] L.G. Shaffer, D.H. Ledbetter, and J.R. Lupski, Molecular cytogenetics of contiguous gene syndromes: mechanisms and consequences of gene dosage imbalance, in Scriver C.R., Beaudet A.L., Sly W.S., and Valle D., (Ed.) The Metabolic & Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease, (McGraw-Hill, Medical Publishing Division, 2001) 1291.
[2] G.L. Carvill and H.C. Mefford, Microdeletion syndromes, Current Opinions in Genetics and Developmets, 2013.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Synchronous solitary metastasis in renal cell carcinoma
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Dr.J.V.Hardikar
	:	10.9790/0853-1334111113

Abstract: This is the report of unusual case of synchronous splenic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma. Patient presented with hematuria and renal mass .The CT scan revealed renal cell carcinoma along with mass in the spleen suggestive of splenic metastasis .Patient underwent (L) Radical nephrectomy along with splenectomy. The patient was disease free for a period of two years; subsequently he was lost to follow up.

Keywords: solitary met, renal cell carcinoma, Synchronous mets, splenic metastasis

[1]. Schön CA, Görg C, Ramaswamy A, Barth PJ. Splenic metastases in a large unselected autopsy series. Pathol Res Pract.
2006;202:351–356.
[2]. De Wilt JH, McCarthy WH, Thompson JF Surgical treatment of splenic Metastases in patients with melanoma. J Am Coll Surg. 2003
Jul; 197(1):38-43
[3]. Koh YS, Kim JC, Cho CK. Splenectomy for solitary splenic metastasis of ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer. 2004;4:96.
[4]. J.A.G. Moir,a* G. Sen,a R. Saif,a B. Haugk,b and J.J. Frencha Isolated Splenic Metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma: Case Report
and Review Case Rep Gastroenterol. 2011 Jan-Apr; 5(1): 166–171.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Pyogenic Granuloma of Gingiva: A Misnomer
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr.Shrinidhi.M.S, Dr. Usha Chikkaiah
	:	10.9790/0853-1334114117

Abstract: A varied spectrum of lesions ranging from developmental, reactive, inflammatory to neoplastic manifests in the oral cavity ,as oral mucosa is constantly subjected to varied stimuli. These lesions may be either generalized or localized. Most of the localized oral overgrowths are considered to be reactive rather than neoplastic in nature. The reactive lesions of oral cavity are associated with injuries of soft tissue which stimulate an exuberant or excessive response and have high prevalence rates and different involvement pattern.

Key words: Reactive, Non-neoplastic, Oral mucosa, Localized overgrowth, Tissue injury.

[1]. Reet Kamal, Parveen Dahiya, Abhiney Puri. Oral pyogenic granuloma: various concepts of etiopathogenesis. J of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology 16(1), 2012, 79-81.
[2]. Vandana Reddy, Susmita Saxena, Sanjeev Saxena, Munish Reddy. Reactive hyperplastic lesions of the oral cavity: A ten year observational study on North Indian population. J Clin Exp Dent 4(3), 2012, 36-40.
[3]. Hamid Jafarzadeh, Majid Sanatkhani and Nooshin Mohtasham. Oral pyogenic granuloma: A review. J of Oral Science 48(4), 2006, 167-175.
[4]. Pushpendra Kumar Verma, Ruche Srivastava, H C Baranwal, T P Chhaturvedi, Anju Gautam And Amit Singh. Pyogenic granuloma-Hyperplastic lesion of the gingiva: Case Reports. The Open Dentistry Journal 6, 2012, 153-56.