iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2014

Abstract: Periodontal disease is an infectious disease caused by bacterial infection and can be treated and prevented by the elimination of bacterial plaque in the adequately nourished individual. Vitamin D is crucial for systemic health; nevertheless, its deficiency is highly prevalent, present in 30‑50% of the general population. Evidence has demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency may place subjects at risk for not only infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases like periodontitis but also breast cancer. Through its effect on bone and mineral metabolism, innate immunity, and several vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, vitamin D has been reported to be associated with the periodontal disease. Historically, periodontal disease was seen as an inflammatory disease with little link to nutrition, and many early epidemiological studies failed to show associations between nutritional status and periodontal disease. This paper systematically reviewed published literature on possible associations between different nutrient deficiencies, periodontal disease and breast cancer. Overall, the studies included were limited due to restricted selection and information bias.
Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, Breastcancer, ClinicalAttachmentLoss,Periodontaldisease,VitaminD deficiency.

[1] Page RC, Offenbacher S, Schroeder HE, Seymour GJ, Kornman KS, Advances in the pathogenesis of periodontitis: summary of developments, clinical implications and future directions, Periodontol 2000, 14,1997,216–248.
[2] Haffajee AD, SocranskySS ,Microbiology of periodontal diseases: introduction, Periodontol 2000, 38,2005,9–12.
[3] Hildebolt CF, Effect of vitamin D and calcium on periodontitis,J of Periodontol, 76(9),2005,1576-1587.
[4] Hanahan D, Weinberg RA, The hallmarks of cancer,Cell ,100,2000, 57-70.
[5] Michaud D, Joshipura K, Giovannucci E, Fuchs CS, A prospective study of periodontal disease and pancreatic cancer in US male health professionals, J Natl Cancer Inst 99,2007, 171-175.

Abstract: Introduction -Body image is an important element of the intricate mechanism of one's own identity. College students becoming over conscious of their body image and exhibiting strange eating behaviors is no longer a myth but a harsh reality. False preoccupation about the body has become a major concern since it has led to several unhealthy dietary practices. Objectives: (1) To assess the body weight & image perception of 2nd MBBS students in D.Y.PATIL medical college, Kolhapur. (2) To assess prevalence of obesity among them. Material and Method: Present cross sectional study was carried out in a month of September 2013. Study was conducted among 2nd year MBBS students of D.Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur India. All 150 students enrolled in 2nd MBBS were enrolled in this study. Complete study was conducted in a day. Data was collected using pre-tested semi structured questionnaire which was self-administered. Results: Out of 150 students, 118(78.7%) knew their body weight and remaining 32(21.3%) students were unknown about their body weight. Our study revealed that out of 150 students, 85 students (56.7%) were normal according to their calculated BMI, 56 students (37.3%) were overweight and 9 students (6%) were underweight. The prevalence of overweight/obese and underweight is high among those who did not know their body weight compared to those who knew their body weight. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was high among those who underestimated their body weight (42.3%). Significant relationship was seen between image perception and BMI. Those participants who want to lose their weight had significantly more BMI. Conclusion and Recommendation: The study indicates that large proportion of the subjects could not appropriately classify their weight status. Overweight subjects should be better informed and empowered to follow recommended weight loss strategies.
Keywords: BMI, Body image, MBBS students, obesity.

[1]. World health Organization. Non communicable diseases in south East Asia region. New Delhi: Regional Office for South East Asia, India; 2002.
[2]. Reilly JJ, Dorosty AR. Epidemic of obesity in UK children. Lancet 1999;354:1874-5.
[3]. Keil U, Kuulasmaa K. WHO Monica project: Risk factors. Int J Epidemiol 1989;18(3 Suppl 1):S46-55.
[4]. K. Park. Park‟s textbook on preventive and social medicine. Jabalpur: Banarasidas Bhanot publishers;22nd Edition. 2005. p. 316.
[5]. Sharma B, Mahajan H, Suryawanshi SR. "Physical Exercise: An Effective Intervention In Increasing Self-Esteem of Obese Patients. Int J Med Health Sci. 2012;1(4):53-9.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Evaluation of Nuclear Grading on FNAC Smears and Tissue Sections in Carcinoma Breast
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr .Noor Fatima Waris, Dr. Sabiha Maimoon, Dr. Kalpana Bothale , Dr. Sadhana Mahore
	:	10.9790/0853-13411116

Abstract: Fine needle aspiration is a very useful and widely used diagnostic tool for palpable and non palpable breast lumps. It has a sensitivity of 87% and positive predictive value of nearly 100%. Nuclear grading can also be done on FNAC smears. The present study has been undertaken to correlate the morphological features of FNAC and histological grading systems. Aims and Objectives: To asses and compare cytohistomorphological nuclear grading in breast malignancies. To qualitatively estimate the nuclear grading on cytology aspiration and cytologic grading. Materials and Methods : 100 patients were studied during the period of 5 years ranging from 2005 to 2010 who presented to the Department of Surgery with an palpable breast lump. Both FNAC and histology was done. Nuclear grading system of Robinson et al was used for cytological evaluation and Eiston and Ellis modified Bloom- Richardson method was used for histological grading. Observations: Study comprised of 100 cases of duct carcinoma, 97% of the patients diagnosed on cytology were confirmed on histological examination. There were 30 grade I tumors, 46 grade II tumors and 21 grade III tumors. Conclusions: Histological and cytological grading system were comparable to each other in predicting the grade of the tumor probability value >0.05. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 98.9%, 100% and 99% respectively.
Keywords: Breast carcinoma, cytology, histology, nuclear grading.

[1] National cancer registry programme. Consolidated report of population based cancer registries 2001; ICMR.
[2] Annual report to Nation on the status of cancer, 1973-1998, featuring cancers with recent increasing trends. J of National Cancer Institute 2001; 93(11): 824-842.
[3] Khan N, Rana F, Afroz N. Cytohistomorphological grading of breast carcinoma with special reference to apoptotic rates and lymph node metastasis. Indian J. Pathol Microbiol 2007; 50:613-618.
[4] Fisher ER, Palekar AS, Redmond C, Barton B, Fisher B: Pathologic findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (Protocal No. 4): VI Invasive Papillary Cancer. Am J Clin Pahtol 1980;73:313-322.
[5] Rosai J. Ackerman's Surgical Pathology, 8th Edition, Vol. 2, Mosby Year Book Inc St. Luis: 1996; 1565-1660.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Unilateral maxillary distomolar: A case report and review of the literature
Country	:	Iraq
Authors	:	Dr. Shanaz Mohammad Gaphor, Dr. Mustafa Jamel Abdullah, Dr. Saeed Abdullatteef Abdulkareem
	:	10.9790/0853-13411720

Abstract: Supernumerary teeth are defined as those in addition to the normal series of deciduous or permanent dentition. Supernumerary teeth is more prevalent among males and in the permanent dentition. The exact etiology of supernumerary teeth is unknown, they may occur anywhere in the oral cavity. They may appear as a single tooth or multiple teeth, unilaterally or bilaterally, erupted or impacted, maxilla or both jaws, it may be syndrome associated or it may not, The most common supernumerary teeth is mesiodense, Supernumerary teeth may be classified according to chronology, location (topography), morphology and orientation. A 37year old otherwise healthy woman patient was referred to the department of Oral Medicine of shorish dental teaching hospital, Sulaimani, for routine general dental check up, intraoral examination showed calculus on the lingual surface of the lower anterior teeth, the patient was sent for pantomography, pantomography revealed unilaterally impacted maxillary distomolar by chance, distomolar displayed normal tooth morphology with no any associated pathology. supernumerary impacted fourth molar is a rare phenomenon; the exact etiology is unknown, some of them produce complications, mostly they are chance radiographic finding, the treatment is controversial, and the decision to remove these supernumerary teeth should be based on a risk/benefit analysis similar to that of third molars.
Keywords: Supernumerary teeth, distomolar, mesiodense.

[1] Díaz A, Orozco J, Fonseca M. Multiple hyperodontia: report of a case with 17 supernumerary teeth with non syndromic association. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal .2009;14(5):229-31.
[2] Rajab LD, Hamdan MAM. Supernumerary teeth: review of the literature and a survey of 152 cases. Int J Paediatr Dent .2002; 12(4): 244−254.
[3] Leco Berrocal MI, Martín Morales JF, Martínez González JM. An observational study of the frequency of supernumerary teeth in a population of 2000 patients. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal .2007;12(2):134-8.
[4] Shah A, Gill DS, Tredwin C, Naini FB.Diagnosis and management of supernumerary teeth. Dent Update. 2008;35(8):510-2, 514-6, 519-20.
[5] World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. J Postgrad Med. 2002;48(3):206-8.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Difference between the left and right ventricular thickness in fetal heart
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Thonthon Daimei, Prof. N. Damayanti Devi, Dr. Vandana Sinam
	:	10.9790/0853-13412124

Abstract: The difference in the size of the two ventricles in adult is well known and the ratio of left to right ventricular is 3:1, the reason being the difference in the resistance of the two circulations i.e. systemic and pulmonary circulation. However, in fetal life the difference in ventricular size remains unknown. Hence, this study is taken up. The fetal heart of different age group was selected from 15-35 weeks. The thickness of the right and left ventricular walls are measured accurately by using metal callipers and charted out. The difference between the two ventricular wall thickness is very minimal and negligible. The right wall was slightly thicker than the left wall. The shape of the ventricular cavity also looked different as the right cavity is oval while the left cavity looks rounded. The ventricular septum is also mildly covex towards the right side. On the contrary to the findings in adult as 3:1 ratio in terms of ventricular wall thickness the fetal ventricular size remains almost the same. The photographs of horizontal sections just below the coronary sulcus are presented and the increasing size as age advances is presented in details.
Keywords: Fetal heart, Ventricular wall thickness, Slide calliper.

[1]. Emery JL, Macdonald MS: The weight of the ventricles in the late week of intra-uteine life. Br Heart J 22:563, 1960.
[2]. Muller W: Die Massenverhaltnisse des MenschlichenHerzens. Leopold Voss, Hmburg and Leipzig 1883. Quoted by Bardeen CR in Determination of the size of the heart by means of X-Rays. Am J Anat 23: 423,1918.
[3]. Smith HL: The relation of the weight of the heart to the weight of the body and the weight of the heart of age. Am Heart J 29: 79,1928-29.
[4]. Sahn DJ, Lange LW, Allen HD, Goldberg SJ, Anderson C, Giles H, Haber K: Quantitative real-time cross-sectional echocardiography in the developing normal human fetus and newborn. Circulation 62: 588, 1980.
[5]. Allan LD, Joseph MJ, Boyd EGCA, Campbell S, Tynan MI: Mmode echocardiography in the developing human fetus. Br Heart J 47:573, 1932.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Lack of role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene Glu298Asp polymorphism in rheumatoid arthritis among Asian Indians
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Chingkheilemba M., Uma Kumar, Kunzang Chosdol, Nibhriti Das
	:	10.9790/0853-13412528

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of Glu298Asp polymorphism in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Asian Indians. We conducted a case control study in which 100 patients diagnosed with RA and 100 healthy controls were enrolled. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and eNOS polymorphism was detected by PCR-RFLP. Plasma samples from the subjects were screened for nitric oxide (NO). There was a trend of increase of GG genotypic and G allelic frequencies of the eNOS gene Glu298Asp in patients when compared with controls. GT genotype emerged as major genotype in both controls and patients. Genotypes disobeyed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Reduced NO levels was detected in patients as compared to controls. Patients with GG genotype and GT genotypes were found to have significantly low level of plasma NO as compared to controls with GG and GT genotypes. eNOS gene Glu298Asp polymorphism is not associated with the susceptibility of rheumatoid arthritis in Asian Indians.
Keywords: eNOS, Polymorphism, Rheumatoid arthritis.

[1] Suzuki A, Yamada R, Ohtake-Yamanaka M, Okazaki Y, Sawada T, Yamamoto K. Anti-citrullinated collagen type I antibody is a target of autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Jul 29;333(2):418-26.
[2] Yki-Jarvinen H, Bergholm R, Leirisalo-Repo M. Increased inflammatory activity parallels increased basal nitric oxide production and blunted response to nitric oxide in vivo in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62: 630-634.
[3] Wang XL, Wang J. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene sequence variations and vascular disease. Mol Genet Metab 2000; 70: 241-251.
[4] Burgner D, Xu W, Rockett K, Gravenor M, Charles IG, Hill AV, et al. Inducible nitric oxide synthase polymorphism and fatal cerebral malaria. Lancet.1998; 352: 1193-1194.
[5] Gonzalez-Gay MA, Llorca J, Sanchez E, Lopez-Nevot MA, Amoli MM, Garcia-Porrua C, et al. Inducible but not endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in northwest Spain. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004; 43: 1182-1185.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Comparative Study of Intraoperative Brain Relaxation with Thiopentone & Propofol for Supratentorial Tumour Surgery
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ravi Madhusudhana, Jagadamba Aswathappa, Jayashree Simha, Parameshwara Gundappa, Padmanabha Iyer
	:	10.9790/0853-13412931

Abstract: Supratentorial tumours are space occupying lesions that can increase the mass of the brain by swelling, Brain being inside a tight skull can produce vascular compromise to the normal brain tissue inside. This swelling can also cause increased bleeding during the procedure of debulking of the tumour. Manoeuvres to reduce brain swelling by hyperventilation, use of osmotic diuretics and Thiopentone have been tried. Thiopentone is known for its brain protective action and also brain relaxation that can facilitate surgery, reduce bleeding . This study was designed to compare the effects of Thiopentone and Propofol on brain relaxation.
Keywords: Brain relaxation, Supratentorial tumours, Thiopentone, Propofol.

[1] Cotrell JE, Madi MA etal. Changes in CSF pressure after mannitol induced changes in intracranial pressure and serum osmolality and electrolytes. Anaesthesiology 1977; 47:28-30.
[2] Ravussin P,Guinard JP,Ralley F etal. Effects of Propofol on Cerebrospinal fluid pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure in patients undergoing craniotomy. Anaesthesia 1988;43:37.
[3] Parameshwar G, Umamaheshwararao GS etal. A correlation of intraoperative brain laxity with preoperative CT scan during supratentorial tumor surgery.IJA 1988:42.
[4] Hunter AR. Thiopentone supplemented anaesthesia for neurosurgery. BJA 1972:44:506-510.
[5] Hoff JT. Cerebral protection. J Nuerosurg 1986;65:579-591.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Pseudo-myocardial Infarction Pattern with Lax Esophageal hiatus with Severe Erosive Gastritis and Normal Coronary Vessels: a Case Report
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Talib S. H., Malani R. G., Deshpande S. G., Majjari K. C., Mannikar V. A.
	:	10.9790/0853-13413234

Abstract: The case is presented of a 20 year old male who attended the emergency department with sudden onset of chocking discomfort in the throat & vague epigastric pain following a brief history of shortness of breath on exertion. Patient had no history of Ischemic heart disease. A routine electro-cardiograph (EKG) demonstrated an ST elevation in V1 to V4 with Q waves in II, III, and AVF consistent with acute myocardial infarction. Troponin I at admission & 12 hours later were normal (8.2 ng/ml). CT coronary angiography was reported normal. EKG changes compatible with Acute Myocardial Infarction have been reported with a number of non-cardiac manifestations. To our knowledge, it has never been reported in relation to lax esophageal hiatus with severe erosive gastritis. Possible mechanisms of Pseudo-myocardial Infarct & its importance is discussed.
Keywords: EKG – Electrocardiograph, Pseudo-myocardial infarction, CT coronary angiography, Troponin I, Lax esophageal hiatus, Erosive gastritis.

[1] Cattermole GN, McKay N. Pseudo myocardial infarction. Emerg Med J. 2006 August; 23(8): e48
[2] Ziakas I, Basagiannis C, Stiliadis I. Journal of Medical case Reports 2010, 4:115 doi: 10.1186/1752-1947-4-115
[3] M Egred, W L Morrison. Diabetic keto-acidosis and hyperkalaemia induced pseudo-myocardial infarction Heart 2005;91;1180.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Survey and Management Outcome of Neonatal Jaundice from a Developing Tertiary Health Centre, Southern Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Dakoru Edoghotu Omekwe, Mukoro Duke George, Briseimo T. Kennis
	:	10.9790/0853-13413539

Abstract: Neonatal jaundice is a very common condition worldwide, occurring in up to 60% of term and 80% of preterm new born in the first week of life. The incidence, aetiological and contributory factors to neonatal jaundice differs in ethnicity and geographical distribution. In Nigeria, it accounts for between 23% and 60% of admission into the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU), and various factors are responsible for its occurrence. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency , determinants, prevalence and predictors of Neonatal jaundice among in-born neonates and out-born neonates managed in Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital(NDUTH), Okolobiri, Bayelsa State.
Keywords: Neonatal Jaundice, Phototherapy, neonatal sepsis.

[1] Haque KM, Rahman M. (2000) an unusual case of ABO-hemolytic disease of the newborn. Bangledish Med. Res. Council. Bull; 16 (3): 105-108
[2] Wang M., Hays T., Ambruso AR, Silliman CC. Dickey WC (2005). Haemolytic disease of the Newborn cause by a high titre anti-group B 1gG from a Group A mother.Paediatr. Blood cancer 45(6):861-862
[3] Slusher TM, Angyo IA, Bode-Thomas F, McLaren DW, Wang RJ (2009): Transcutaneous bilirubin measurement and serum total bilirubin levels in indigineous African infants. Paediatrics 113(6): 1636-1644.4)
[4] Olusanya B.O.,Akande A.A.,Emokpae A. OloweS.A.; Tropical medicine & international health;2009,vol.14,pp 301-310.
[5] Sarici S.U Sedar MA, Korkmz A. (2004): an early (sixth-hour) serum bilirubin assessment is useful in predicting the development of significant hyperbilirubinaemia in near terms newborns and term. Padiatrics, 113:775-780.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Some Risk factors among hypertensive Clients in an Outpatient Clinic of a Tertiary health centre, Southern Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Allagoa Erefagha Leonardo, Kotingo Isuomo Victoria, Mukoro Duke George
	:	10.9790/0853-13414045

Abstract: Hypertension has risen to become a notable public health issue, consuming a reasonable amount of various countries' health budget.Despite increasing awareness of predisposing risk factors, there is surging increase in modifiable risk factors for hypertension and so also the disease among residents in Bayelsa state. The research therefore, highlights the prevailing risk factors among known hypertensive patients in Bayelsa state and determinants. Strategies for influencing some of the modifiable risk factors of hypertension (HTN) can only be more effective by directing public health effort to their cultural, religious and socioeconomic background.
Keywords: Hypertension ,Tobacco, Exercise, Family History, salt intake.

[1] Miura K. Strategies for prevention and management of hypertension throughout life. J Epidemiology, 2004; 14: 112- 117.
[2] Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT Jr, Roccella EJ; Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee.Hypertension :Epub 2003 Dec 1; 42(6):1206-52.
[3] Adam JM. Some racial differences in blood pressures and morbidity In a group of whites and colored workmen. Am J Med Sci. 1932; 184:342–349.
[4] Burt VL, Cutler JA, Higgins M et al. Trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the US population: Data from the Health Examination Surveys, 19960 to 1991. Hypertension. 1995; 26: 60-69
[5] Lackland DT, Keil JE :Epidemiology of hypertension in African Americans Semin Nephrol. 1996 Mar;16(2):63-70.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Sexual Dimorphism of Correlations of feet anthropometric parameters and Height (stature) among Undergraduate students of a University, Western Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Dr. Keme Ebimobo Tobias. Dr. Mukoro Duke George, Mr. Ezeuko Vitalis
	:	10.9790/0853-13414653

Abstract: Today, the use of arthopometer has become versatile including radiological investigation, forensic medicine and crime investigation. Skeletal anthropometric parameters is influenced by a number of factors producing variations between different geographical areas, it is desirable to have some means of giving quantitative expression to variations to which such traits exhibit.. The aim of the study was to evaluate correlate foot anthropometric parameters to height (stature) and determine any sexual dimorphism among the University of Benin Undergraduates. Result from this study can be used as data base for forensic investigations and other anthropometric studies in this locality.
Keywords: Anthropometry , Foot and breath, Height, Male ,Female.

[1] Ashizawa K, Kumakura C, Kusumato A, Narasaki S 1997. 'Relative foot size and shape to general body size in Japanese, Filipians and Japanese with special reference to habitual foot war types'. Annals Human Biology 24:117-29.
[2] Daniel MTF, Kevin JH, Roshni DL 2005'Sexual dimorphism in foot length proportionate to stature'Annals of Human Biology; 32 (1): 4459.
[3] Didia BC, Omu FT, Obuoforibo AA 1987, 'The use of foot print contact index II for classification of flat feet in a Nigerian population', Foot and Ankle society. 8(4): 0192-0211.
[4] Dupartius A, Dupartius CW, Casey AE 1972, 'Physical anthropology of young adult females in Slieve Loughter, South West Island' AMJ Phys Anthropol 37: 435.
[5] Giles E, Vallaneligham PH 1991. 'Height estimation from foot and shoe print length', J Forensic Sci. 36(4): 1134-1151.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Periodontal Vaccine - A Boon In Periodontics
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Anil Kumar, Dr. Sharnamma B., Dr. Poonam Dutt, Dr. Gunjan Gupta
	:	10.9790/0853-13415459

Abstract: Periodontal disease though is multifactorial it is thought to be caused by group of gram negative anaerobic bacteria resulting in destruction of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The current treatment of periodontitis is non specific and is centered on removal of supragingival and subgingival plaque by mechanical debridement and surgical procedures. Due to its high prevalence rate this disease has created an innovative interest to find a solution in the form of vaccine. The search for periodontal vaccine revolves around the antigenic factors of the periodontal pathogens. The objective of periodontal vaccine is to identify the antigens involved in the destructive process of periodontitis against which antibodies would be evoked to exert protection. It also aims to induce mucosal antibody response with little or moderate doses of vaccine. Till date no preventive modality exists for periodontal disease and treatment rendered is palliative. Thus availability of periodontal vaccine would not only prevent and modulate periodontal disease but also enhance the quality of life for whom periodontal treatment cannot be easily obtained.
Keywords: Vaccines,immunization,gingipains,peptides,plantibodies.

[1] Malhotra R,Kapoor A,Grover V and Tuli K A.Periodontal Vaccine, Indian Journal of Dental Research 2011;22(5):698-705.
[2] Roderich N. Immunology. In: Brooks GF, Butel JS, Morse SA, editors. Javetz, Meinik and Adelberg's Medical Microbiology. 23rd ed. 2004. P. 121.
[3] Roitt, Brostoff, Male. Text book of Immunology, Fourth Edition,1998.
[4] Sharma N and Khuller N.Periodontal Vaccine: A New Paradigm for Prevention of Periodontal Diseases,J Oral Health Comm Dent 2010;4(Spl):23-28.
[5] Reid R and Roberts F.Textbook of pathology illustrated 6th Ed. Churchill Livingstone;2005.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Anomalous Ossified Pterygospinous Ligament In Eastern Zone - A Case Study
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Shweta Solan, Dr. Gokul Krishna Reddy Nune
	:	10.9790/0853-13416062

Abstract: Ossification of pterygospinous ligament forms a bridge called as pterygospinous bony bridge, and when complete, may form pterygospinous foramen [Civinini's foramen]. The purpose of this study is to analyze the prevalence of ossification of these ligaments in eastern population of orissa and assess morphometrically the pterygospinous foramen. 50 dried skull were taken and studied for presence of pterygospinous foramen, but only one skull showed incomplete ossified pterygospinous ligament. Presence of this ligament can compress mandibular nerve, producing mandibular neuralgia and may interference in mandibular nerve block. This is important for radiologists, maxillofacial surgeons, dental surgeons and anaesthetists.
Keywords: Pterygospinous ligament, spine of sphenoid, lateral pterygoid plate, mandibular nerve.

[1] Standring S. Grays Anatomy. The Anatomical basis of clinical practice. Edinburgh; Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. 2005:521.
[2] Soubhagya R Nayak, Rajalakshmi Rai. An unusual course and entrapment of the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa. Comp. Anat.2008;109[11]525-527.
[3] Peuker ET, Fischer G, Filler TJ. Entrapment of the lingual nerve due to an ossified pterygospinous ligament. Clin. Anat. 2001; 14: 282–284.
[4] ] Pinar Y, Arsu G, Aktan Ikiz ZA, Bilge O. Pterygospinous and pterygoalar bridges. Sendrom. 2004; 16 66–69.
[5] Krmpotic-Nemanic J, Vinter I, Hat J, Jalsovec D. Mandibular neuralgia due to anatomical variations. Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 1999; 256: 205–208.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Comparatt iive Eff ffectt off Ull ttrasound Therapy and Laser Therapy ffor Rell iieff off Paiin,, Swell ll iing and Trii smus Foll llowiing Thiird Mollar Surgeriies
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sukhdeep Kaurr, Apoorrv Na rraiin, Viinod Kapoorr, Jagmohan Siingh
	:	10.9790/0853-13416372

Abstract: Inability to open the mouth even within its normal limits is called a trismus. This is so due to a reflex spasm of the masticatory muscles leading to a completely or incompletely limited mouth opening in a patient. It is diagnosed from clinical examination of the maximal interincisal distance (MID) of less than 40-45mm caused by contracture not by obstructive joint impingement. Objectives of the study was to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of ultra sound therapy & laser therapy in addition to mouth opening exercises in patients with pain, swellin g and trismus following third molar surgeries. 30 subjects aged 18-35 years were made part of the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and then divided into two groups named group A and group B. Group A received ultrasound therapy for frequency of 1MHz, pulsed 20% and dose 1.0W/s q.cm for 7minutes for first three days after surgery.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Role of Arthrocentesis with and without steriod for internal derangement of TMJ
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Altaf Hussain Malik
	:	10.9790/0853-13417376

Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of arthrocentesis and to compare it with arthocentesis with steroid in the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangements. 9 males and 11 females aged between 17 to 39 years comprised the study material in the department of Oral &Maxillofacial surgery at Govt Dental College Srinagar(India). The patients' complaints were limited mouth opening, and TMJ pain .Arthocentesis was performed under all aseptic conditions. Clinical evaluation of the patients was done before the procedure, and 1 week and 6 months after postoperatively. Intensity of TMJ pain and maximal mouth opening were recorded at each follow-up visit. Both the groups showed significant improvement in mouth opening and reduction in pain scores in the post-operative period however the addition of steroid didn't improve the total outcome of the procedure. Arthocentesis is simple and safe procedure for the patients of internal derangement with closed lock but addition of steroid doesn't, improve the results.
Key words: TMJ; Internal derangement; Arthocentesis; Steriod.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Effect of Using Frankincense (Boswellia sacra) Chewing Gum on the Microbial Contents of Buccal/Oral Cavity, Taif, KSA
Country	:	KSA
Authors	:	Dr. Sherifa Mostafa M. Sabra, Luluah Mohammed R. Al-Masoudi
	:	10.9790/0853-13417782

Abstract: Frankincense (Boswellia sacra / Oleo-gum-resin), the main effective contents were alcohol-soluble resins is 78%, water-soluble gum 23% and volatile essential oil 7% respectively. The contents have anti-microbial effects, on moth flora. The target was to detect the anti-microbial effects on microbial contents of buccal/oral cavity which are the sources of infection. Selection was of 5 female persons aged (25-35yrs.), for the experiment under study as the usage of Frankincense chewing gum for 5hrs. continually. As well as they was tested for microbial contents of buccal/oral cavity through microbial identification of saliva. The main CFUs/ml saliva were 13.000, 8.200, 6.100, 3.900, 2.200, and 740 at Zero, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5hrs. The differences of CFUs/ml saliva were 4.800, 2.100, 2.200, 1.700, and 1.460 between (Zero hr.-1hr.), (1hr.-2hr.), (2hr.-3hr.), (3hr.-4hr.), and (4hr.-5hr.) respectively. CFUs/ml saliva were 1.3X104, 8.2X103, 6.1X103, 3.9X103, 2.2X103, and 7.4X102 at Zero, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5hr. respectively. Frankincense chewing gum is a safe and low-cost herbal product, applied to improve buccal/oral cavity hygiene by anti-microbial effects which decrease the sources of microbial infection in buccal/oral cavity and support mouth hygiene for all ages. It has been indicated to have wide pharmacological and industrial potentials as well.
Key words: Frankincense, Boswellia sacra, Oleo-gum-resin , Buccal, Oral, Microbial, CFUs/ml

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