iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2014

Abstract: Traumatic dental injuries often occur to the teeth and their supporting tissues and they are the main reasons for emergency visit to a dental clinic. Horizontal root fractures usually are characterized by a fracture line that is perpendicular to the long axis of the root. Root fractures are diagnosed through clinical and radiographic examination. Treatment depends on the position of the fracture,

[[1]. Andreasen FM, Andreasen JO. Crown fractures. Textbook and Color atlas of traumatic injuries to the teeth. 3rd ed. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 1994:219–56.
[2]. Davidovich E, Heling I, Fuks AB. The fate of a mid-root fracture: a case report. Dent Traumatol 2005;21:170–3.
[3]. Caliskan MK. Prognosis of large cyst-like periapical lesions following nonsurgical root canal treatment: a clinical review. IntEndod J 2004;37:408–16.
[4]. KaanOrhan, DDS, PhD,UmutAksoy, DDS,†and AtakanKalender, DDS, PhD,Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Spontaneously Healed Root Fracture.JOE — Volume 36, Number 9, September 2010
[5]. Patel S, Dawood A, Whaites E,Pittford T et al. New dimensions in endodontic imaging: part 1. Conventional and alternative radiographic systems. IntEndod J 2009;42:447–62.

Abstract: Supernumerary renal arteries are more common on left side. Multiple renal arteries have an incidence of 15-30%. Renal vasculature develops from three primitive vascular groups that coalesce to form the mature vascular pattern for all retroperitoneal structures. We are demonstrating an early bifurcation of right renal artery and the branches forming a loop around the inferior vena cava (IVC) which is an unusual pattern and multiple renal arteries (three) arteries supplying the left kidney. Patient is asymptomatic.

[1]. Susan standaring Gray's Anatomy. TheAnatomical Basis of Clinical practice.39thEdition London, Elseiver Churchil Living stone
Publishers. 2005; 1274 -75.
[2]. Campbell- Walsh, Urology 10th edition-Wein,Kovoussi,
[3]. Bailey and Love short practice of Surgery 25th edition. Williams,Bullstrode.
[4]. SRB' Manual of surgery 3rd edition Sriram Bhatt.M.
[5]. Fernandes RMP, Conte FHP, Favorito LA, Abidhu-Figueredo M, BabinskiMA. Triplerenal vein: an uncommon variation. Int J
Morphol.2005;23:231-33.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Ciliated cell variant of endometroid carcinoma in bilateral ovaries: A rare variant
Country	:	India
Authors	:	M. Rajani, G. Sailabala, C. Padmavathi devi, M. Koteswari
	:	10.9790/0853-13430709

Abstract: Endometrial Carcinoma of Ovary accounts for 10 - 20% of ovarian malignancy. Ciliated cell variant of endometrial carcinoma is very rare. We reported a case of bilateral endometroid carcinoma of ovary-ciliated cell variant in a 50 yrs old female without any evidence of tumor in endometrium. Key words: Ciliated, Endometroid carcinoma, Bilateral Ovaries

[1]. Rosai & Ackerman`s surgical pathology 10th edition volume 2, Pg-1570
[2]. S.G.Silverberg, R.J.Kurman. F nogales, G.L.Muttur, Rakubile-Huds, F.A.Tavassoli, Tumors of uterine corpus. Fatteneh, A,. Tavassoli, Peter Pevilee. Pathology and genetics of tumors of breast and female genital organs. 4th edition IARC press Lyon- 2003,218-229.
[3]. S.E.Low and A Nicol ciliated variant of endometrioid adenocarinoma J Clin Pathol 2004 December 57 (12) 1341 – 1342
[4]. John H. Eichhorn, MD and Robert E.Scully MD. Int J.Gynecol Pathol 1996 Jul 15 (3) 248-56.
[5]. Fanning J.Evans MC Peters A J etal. Endometroid adenocarcinoma histologic subtypes – Clinical and pathologic profile- Gynecol oncol 2:288-291, 1989

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Case report of a rare large keratinous Cyst of the Breast
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Badkur Mayank, Jain Ajay, Singh Yogendra
	:	10.9790/0853-13431012

Abstract: Background: Epidermal cyst of the breast is a rare condition; however a common finding in other parts of the body and most commonly located in the scalp, back, and neck. Only a few cases of epidermal cysts of the breast have been reported in literature.

[1]. Yueh-Tsung Lee et al:Large Epidermoid Cyst of the Breast: Report of a Case,Formos J Surg 2008;41:221-225
[2]. Amir R. Motabar:Epidermal inclusion cysts of the breast,Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.Vol. 22, No. 4, February, 2009. pp. 207-21
[3]. JOHN G. MENVILLE:SIMPLE DERMOID CYSTS OF THE BREAST, annals of surgery, 1936, volume 103,49-56
[4]. DajiramGovinda Mote and Ashwini A. Shukla:Epidermal Inclusion Cyst Masquerading Breast Lump,ndian J Surg. 2011 December; 73(6): 458–459. [5]. Bergmann-Koester CU et al; Epidermal cyst of the breast mimicking malignancy: clinical, radiological, and histological correlation, Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2006 Feb;273(5):312-4

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An Interesting Cytology and Histopathological Correlation of Adnexal Tumor
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. K. Valarmathi, Dr. V. Palaniappan, Dr. Mary Lilly, Dr. Ramya
	:	10.9790/0853-13431316

Abstract:To have better correlation between the cytomorphologic and histomorphological features of pilomatrixoma (PMX) which helps in arriving correct diagnosis of the lesion.

Keywords: Fine needle aspiration cytology, Histopathology,pilomatrixoma

[1]. Moehlenbeck FW. pilomatrixoma (calcifying epithelioma). A statistical study. Arch Dermatol 1973;108:532-534
[2]. 2.Swerlick RA, Cooper PH, Mackel SE. Rapid enlargement of pilomatricoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982;7:54-56.
[3]. Wang J, Cobb CJ, Martin SE, Venegas R, Wu N, Greaves TS. Pilomatrixoma: clinicopathologic study of 51 cases
with emphasis on cytologic features. Diagn Cytopathol. 2002;27:167–72.
[4]. Layfield LJ, Glasgow BJ. Aspiration biopsy cytology of primary cutaneous tumors. Acta Cytol. 1993;37:679–88.
[5]. Thapiyal N, Joshi U, Vaibhav G, Sayana A, Srivastava AK, Jha RS. Pilomatrixoma mimicking small round cell
tumor on fine needle aspiration cytology: a case report. Acta Cytol. 2008;52:627–30.
[6]. Sivakumar S. Pilomatrixoma as a diagnostic pitfall in fine needle aspiration cytology: a case report. Acta Cytol.
2007;51:583–5.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Effects of Dexmedetomidine Added to Spinal bupivacaine for lower limb surgery
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Feroz Ahmad Dar, Hilal Ahmad Bhat, Tasaduq Javeed, Mohd Rafiq Najar
	:	10.9790/0853-13431720

Abstract: Background: Intrathecal α2 agonists prolong the duration of action of local anesthetics and reduce the required dose. Dexmedetomidine is a α2 receptor agonist and its α2/α1 selectivity is 8 times higher than that of clonidine. Aims: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of adding dexmedetomidine to intrathecal bupivacaine on the onset time and duration of motor and sensory blocks.

[1]. Strebel S, Gurzeler JA, Schneider MC, Aeschbach A, Kindler CH. Small-dose intrathecal clonidine and isobaric bupivacaine for orthopedic surgery: a dose-response-study. Anesth Analg 2004;99:1231-38.
[2]. Kanazi GE, Aouad MT, Jabbour-Khoury SI, Al Jazzar MD, Alameddine MM, Al-Yaman R, et al. Effect of low-dose dexmedetomidine or clonidine on the characteristics of bupivacaine spinal block. Acta Anaesth Scand 2006;50:222-7.
[3]. Kalso E, Poyhia R, Rosenberg P. Spinal antinociception by dexmedetomidine, a highly selective alpha 2- adrenergic agonist. Pharmacol Toxicol 1991;68:140-3.
[4]. Foster RH, Markham A. Levobupivacaine: A Review of its pharmacology an

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Scrub Typhus Presenting As Focal Neurological Deficit- A Rare Manifestation.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Irappa Madabhavi, Dr. Guman Singh Negi, Dr. Swaroop Revannasiddaiah, Dr. Mukesh Choudhary, Dr. Suhas Aagre, Dr. Balwant Singh Negi, Dr. Mamta Lamba, Dr. Priyanka Das
	:	10.9790/0853-13432123

Abstract:26 year old lady presenting with history of fever, altered sensorium, weakness of all the four limbs & aphonia. On examination patient is semiconscious, aphonic, Upper Motor Neuron quadriparesis was present & vitals were stable. Emergency Computer Tomography scan of head was done showing bilateral basal ganglia infarction. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was showing normal study. Kidney & Liver function tests were within normal range, blood, urine & cerebrospinal fluid cultures were sterile.

[1]. Khachornsakdi Silpapojakul, MD; Chirapat Ukkachoke, MD; Suebsai Krisanapan, MD; Kamkarn Silpapojakul, MD. Rickettsial Meningitis and Encephalitis. Arch Intern Med. 1991; 151(9):1753-1757.
[2]. Dong-Eog Kim, MD; Seung-Hoon Lee, MD; Kyung-Il Park, MD; Kee-Hyun Chang, MD; Jae-Kyu Roh, MD.Scrub Typhus Encephalomyelitis With Prominent Focal Neurologic Signs .Arch Neurol. 2000;57:1770-1772.
[3]. Kim DM, Kim SW, Choi SH, Yun NR. Clinical and laboratory findings associated with severe scrub typhus. BMC Infect Dis 2010; 10:108.
[4]. Woodward TE, Osterman N. Rickettsial disease. In: Warren KS, Mahmoud AF, Eds, Tropical and Geographical Medicine. 2nd Ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 1990; 918-30.
[5]. Goldsmith R, Heyneman D. Scrub typhus. In: Heyneman D, ed, Tropical Medicine and Parasitology. East Norwalk, Conn: Appleton & Lange, 1989; 72-4.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Histogenesis of Fetal Parotid Gland
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. M.Sushma. Dr.D.Asha Latha. Dr.M.Sri Hari Babu, Dr. Deena Usha, Dr. L. Lakshmi Sailaja.
	:	10.9790/0853-13432426

Abstract: An analysis of the normal salivary gland structure permits a morphogenetic approach to an understanding of the variability in histologic types of salivary gland tumors. In the present study parotid gland specimens were collected from 25 aborted fetuses (8 male and 17 female) which were fixed in formalin. The fetuses were between 10weeks to 40 weeks of gestational age. The dissected specimens were preserved in 10% formalin and subjected to routine histological procedure for age related histogenesis and developmental anatomy. In present study we observed that major histogenesis occurred during the mid trimester that is around 24 wks of gestation. And at 40 wks of gestation acini are approaching adult appearance.

[1]. Oral Histology and Embryology by BALINT J.ORBAN, 4th edition, St. Louis The C. V. Mossby Company 1957, 277-294.
[2]. Human Embryology by HAMILTON, MOSSMAN and BOYD 2nd edition 1944, 187-189.
[3]. Developmental Anatomy by LESLIE BRAINERD AREY, 7th edition, 1966, 226.
[4]. An Atlas of Fetal and Neonatal Histology BY MARIE A. VALDES-DEPENA, J.B. Lippincott Company, 1957, 88-89.
[5]. Human Embryology by BRADLEY M. PATTEN, 3rd edition, 1968, 385-387.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	CA19-9 versus CA-125 in Endometriosis
Country	:	Iraq
Authors	:	Tharwa H. Hassan AL-Tai, Hayfaa S. AL-Hadithi, Hind S. Abdulsalam
	:	10.9790/0853-13432730

Abstract: Background: -Endometriosis is a condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue in ectopic foci outside the uterus. The lesions are not cancerous, but they can develop to the point that they cause obstruction or adhesion that attach to nearby organs, causing pain, inflammation, and sometimes infertility. Recently a tumor marker has been used in endometriosis which is CA- 125 (cancer antigen or carbohydrate antigen 125).

[1] Rawson JMR. (2011). Prevalence of endometriosis in asymptomatic women. J.Reprod.Med. 36: 513-515.
[2] FirmanAbdullah (2009). Endometriosis. J. Fertil. Steril. 33: 200-210.
[3] Brosens IA.(2007).Endometriosis- disease because it is characterized bybleeding. American journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 176:2263-267.
[4] Brosens IA.andBrosens JJ. (2009). Is laparoscopy the gold standard for the diagnosis of endometriosis? Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol.Reprod.Biol. 88: 117-119.
[5] DharmeshKapoor and Willy Davila. (2005). Endometriosis.e Medicine. 119: 301-330.
[6] Giudice LG. and Kao LC.(2004). Endometriosis. Lancet ; 364: 1789.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Prevalence of oral precancerous lesions and conditions among tobacco consumers in rural population around Belgaum. A community based cross sectional study.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr Ashwini Narasannavar, Dr A S Wantamutte.
	:	10.9790/0853-13433134

Abstract: Oral cancer is the 6th most common cancer in the world.2/3rd cases are contributed by the developing countries. India alone accounts for 1/3rd of the world's oral cancer and has a high rate of pre-malignant lesions. Most common predisposing factors are smoking, smokeless tobacco, betel nut in quid form (pan), alcohol, spicy food, sharp broken tooth. These lesions and conditions are considered suitable for screening as they have potential to change to cancer

[1]. Dhami.J, Ghaffar, Ghafur. WHO: A profile of the premalignant and malignant lesions/conditions inChennai. http://dspace.gla.ac.uk/bitstream/1905/497/1/Dhami_Javaid_ghaffar_Ghafur_Elective.pdf

[2]. Uplap P A, Mishra GA, Majumdar P, Gupta SD, Rane PS , Sadalge PK , Avasare AM .at el. Oral cancer screening at workplace in India-one-year follow-up. Indian journal of Community Medicine.2011; Vol : 36, 2:133-138

[3]. Neufled KJ, Peters DH, Rani M, Bonu S, Bronner RK: Regular use of alcohol and tobacco in India and its association with age, gender, and poverty. Drug Alcohol Depend, 77(3):283-91, 2005.

[4]. Ghom AG. Oral Premalignant Lesions and Conditions. "Textbook of ORAL MEDICINE, Jaypee publishers: 1st ed: 2005; pg 155-168.

[5]. Tobacco-related Oral Mucosal Lesions and Dental Diseases: www.corecentre.co.in/Database/Docs/DocFiles/Tobacco_04_7.pdf

[6]. Mehrotra R, Thomas S, Nair P, Pandya S, Singh M, Nigam N, et al. Prevalence of oral soft tissue lesions in Vidisha. http://www.biomedicalcentral.com/1756-0500/3/23

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Relationship between Periodontitis and Systemic rheumatoid arthritis
Country	:	Iraq
Authors	:	Luma Jasim Witwit
	:	10.9790/0853-13433538

Abstract: There is historical evidence of link between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. This associationhas been studied in 50 patients with severe periodontitis and 20 normal subjects as controls whom aged between (20-80) years at the period from (5-2013)to(2-2014) in specialized center of dental health of Babylon. The result was gave the prevalence of severe periodontitis in old patients were aged (60-80 years) 46% and female were moreeffected 60% than male 40%. According to tobacco smoking the result reveled 54% smoking patients with periodontitis compare with non- smoking 46%,

[1]. Ranade SB, and Doiphode S.(2012). Is there relationship between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis.JIndiaSocPeriodontal. 16(1):22-27.
[2]. Mercado F, Marshall RI, Kelstov AC, Bartold PM.(2000). Is there relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontoldiseases. J Clin Periodontol . 27:267-72.
[3]. Socaransky, S.S. etal.(1998). Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque. J. Clin. Periodontol. 25, 134-144.
[4]. Gabriel, S.E. etal. (1999). Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis. Have we made an impact in 4 decades? J. Rheumatol. 26, 2529-2533.
[5]. Moen, K. etal. (2003). Immunoglobulin G and A antibody responses to Bacteriodes for sythus and prerotellaintermedia in sera and synovial fluid of arthritis patients. Clin. Digin. Lab. Immunol. 10, 1043-1050.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Role of Platelet count as important prognostic marker in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr.M.A.Sameer, Dr.D.P.Meshram, Dr.S.A.Deshpande, Dr.D.Sadhu, Dr.Pandit S
	:	10.9790/0853-13433943

Abstract: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) includes gestational hypertension, pre eclampsia and eclampsia. It occurs in approximately 11-29% pregnancies in indian population. Amongst all the parameters platelet count is the most simple and cost effective method for prediction of PIH, way before the appearance of derangements in PT, APTT and TT values . The study soughts the importance of platelet count as the most consistent and reliable method in early detection of PIH cases.

[1]. Sibai. B.M. Hypertension in pregnancy. Clinical Obstet Gynecol, 1999:421-436.
[2]. Gibson G, Hunter D, Neame PB, Kelton JG. Thrombocytopenia in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Semin Thromb Hemost. 1982;8:234-247.
[3]. Pritchard JA, Cunningham FG, Mason RA. Coagulation changes in eclampsia: their frequency and pathogenesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1976;8:855-864.
[4]. Burrows RF, Hunter DJS, Andrew M, Kelton JG. A prospective study investigating the mechanism of thrombocytopenia in preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 1987;70:334-338.
[5]. Saleh AA, Bottoms SF, Welch RA, Ali AM, Mariona FG, Mammen EF Preeclampsia, delivery and the hemostatic system. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987;1 57:331-336.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Genotyping of HLA Class I and II Molecules in Type 2 Diabetic Iraqi Patients
Country	:	Iraq
Authors	:	Ahmed .K.Mohammed*; Mohammed .I. Nader**; Batool .H.Al-Ghurabi
	:	10.9790/0853-13434448

Abstract: Whereas the genetic risk for type I diabetes mellitus (DM) is linked to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes, the HLA association in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent DM) diabetes is less clear. The association between HLA class I and II genotypes and type 2 diabetes was examined in adult Iraqis population with a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes .HLA-A*, HLA-B*, HLA-Cw*, HLA-DRB1* and DQB1* genotyping of 60 unrelated type 2 diabetes patients (age ≥35 years) who had a strong family history of diabetes (50 of 60 versus 0 of 40 for controls, P < 0.001) and 40 healthy subjects was done by PCR-Sequence-Specific Oligionucleotides (PCR-SSO).

[1]. Ad'hiah ,AH.(1990):"Immunonogenetic studies in selected human diseases". PhD Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne UK.
[2]. AI-Shammari,AN.(2004):"Brain Astrocytomas: Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)Genotyping, and Tumor Suppressor Gene (P53) Alteration Detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR-SSP-SSCP)".PhD.Thesis.College of Medicine/AI-Nahrain University.
[3]. Al-Hakbany,M.(2009)"Immunogenetics of type 1 diabetes in Saudi children." PhD. College of Medicine: King Saud University.
[4]. AL-Kayatt,T.H.;Ibraheem,A.A and AL-Tuma,F.J.(2011):"Adiponectin and lipid profile levels in type 2 DM obese patient in Karbala province". Kerbala Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Vol.2:157-165.
[5]. Al-Khayali,HG.(1993):"Aclinico-Epidemiological study of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents". A thesis submitted to the College of Medicine/Baghdad University, for M.Sc.
[6]. Almawi,W.Y.;Busson,M.;Tamim,H.;Al-Harbi,E.M.;Finan,R.R.;Wakim Ghorayeb,S.F and Motala,A.A.(2004):"HLA class II profile and distribution of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles and haplotypes among Lebanese and Bahraini Arabs". Clin Diagn Lab Immunol Journal;Vol.11:770 – 774

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A study on prevalence of oral morbidities in an urban slum of Kishanganj district, Bihar, India.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Nilanjana Ghosh, Dr. Kasif Shahnawaz, Dr. Soumya Kanti Bose, Dr. Indranil Chakrabarti, Dr. Rama Ram
	:	10.9790/0853-13434952

Abstract: Good oral health reflects the overall health status of an individual. Gingivitis and periodontal diseases are the leading causes of oral morbidities. Wide range of factors cause oral morbidities like adopted changes in dietary patterns, lifestyle factors, faulty oral hygiene practices, addiction, neglect and ignorance towards dental hygiene. Few inevitable factors like aging, socioeconomic status also affect oral morbidity.

[1]. Chauhan D, Chauhan T, Sachdev V, Kirtaniya BC. A study of oral hygiene status and prevalence of gingival diseases in 9 and 12-year-old school children of a northern hilly state, India. Int J Health Allied Science 2012; 1:258-62.
[2]. Jain DC. Epidemiological study of dental caries. Indian Journal of Community Health 1986, p32-6.
[3]. Carranza FA. Classification of diseases of the periodontium. In: Carranza FA, Newman MG, editors. Clinical Periodontology. 10thed.Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 2006. p. 58-81.
[4]. World Health Organization. Oral health surveys: Basic methods. 4thed. Geneva: WHO; 1997. p 36-8.
[5]. Dhar V, Jain A, VanDyke TE, Kohli A. Prevalence of gingival diseases, malocclusion and fluorosis in school-going children of rural areas in Udaipur district. J Indian SocPedodPrev Dent 2007; 25:103-5.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Sonourethrography in Evaluation of Abnormalities of Anterior Male Urethra.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Anand Hatgaonkar1, Dr. Pratibha Pendharkar
	:	10.9790/0853-13435359

Abstract: Urethral pathologies are common problem affecting male anterior urethra. The male urethral imaging and pathology is not widespread in radiology literature because this part of the urinary tract is easily studied by urologists.

[1]. Pavlica P, Barozzi L, Menchi I. Imaging of male urethra. Eur Radiol. 2003 Jul; 13(7): 1583-96.
[2]. McAninch JW, Laing FC, Jeffrey RB Jr. Sonourethrography in the evaluation of urethral strictures: a preliminary report. J Urol. 1988; 139: 294-297.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Serum Vitamin D Profile In Black African Men with Prostate Cancer at Tertiary Referral Facility in Sub-Saharan Africa
Country	:	Kenya
Authors	:	Andrew O. Odhiamboa,b, Gladwell W. Kiariea,b, Mungai P Ngugi a,b, Mark D. Joshi
	:	10.9790/0853-13436064

Abstract: Considerable epidemiological, in vitro, in vivo and clinical data support an association between vitamin D deficiency and prostate cancer risk and outcome. Few studies have examined this association in African men with prostate cancer. The vitamin D status in patients with prostate cancer in Kenya is unknown. This study aimed to determine the profile of vitamin D levels in patients with prostate cancer and to correlate this to patient and disease characteristics.

[1]. Ylikomi T, Laaksi I, Lou YR et al., Anti-proliferative action of vitamin D. Vitam Horm2002;64: 357– 406.
[2]. Chen TC, Holick MF. Vitamin D and prostate cancer prevention and treatment. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2003;14: 423-30
[3]. Heany RP. Functional indices of vitamin D status and ramifications of vitamin D deficiency, AmJ ClinNutr 2004;66; 929-936
[4]. Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Giovanucci E, Willet WC et al. Estimation of optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes. AmJ ClinNutr 2006; 84: 18-28.
[5]. Garland C.F, Gorham E.D, Sharif B et al. Vitamin D for Cancer Prevention: Global Perspective, Ann Epidemiol2009;19: 468–483.
[6]. Ahonen MH, Tenkanen L, Teppo L et al. Prostate Vitamin D and Prostate Cancer risk and prediagnostic serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (Finland). Cancer Causes Control 2000;11: 847–52.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A 'two-in-one' foreign body coin in oesophagus: A case report
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. SeikholetKuki, Dr. A. Gulati.
	:	10.9790/0853-13436567

Abstract: Though foreign bodies are frequently inadvertently placed by children in their ears or noses and occasionally are swallowed, the presence of two coins appearing as single radio opaque shadow on X-ray can be both confusing and interesting case at times. Ingestion of foreign bodies is a cause of morbidity and mortality in paediatric population. The most common paediatric foreign bodies ingested are coins; followed by a variety of other objects, such as plastic toys or toy parts, sharp objects, button batteries, bones, and food. Information from witnessed ingestion, and a high level of clinical suspicion can prevent delays in diagnosis and complications related to these delays.Ingestion of foreign bodies is an avoidable accident that is seen mainly in children less than 3 years of age.

[1]. Crysdale WS, Sendi KS, Yoo J. Esophageal foreign bodies in children: 15-yer review of 484 cases. Ann OtolRhinolLaryngol, 100, 1991,320.
[2]. Dahshan A. Management of ingested foreign bodies in children. J Okla State Med Assoc, 94, 2001, 183–6.
[3]. Conners GP, Chamberlain JM, Weiner PR. Pediatric coin ingestion: a home-based survey. Am J Emerg Med, 13(6), 1995, 638-40.
[4]. Litovitz T, Whitaker N, Clark L, White NC, Marsolek M. Emerging battery-ingestion hazard: clinical implications. Pediatrics, 125(6), 2010, 1168-77.
[5]. Susy Safe Working Group. The Susy Safe project overview after the first four years of activity. Int J PediatrOtorhinolaryngol, 76 (1), 2012, S3-11.
[6]. Arana A, Hauser B, Hachimi-Idrissi S, Vandenplas Y. Management of ingested foreign bodies in childhood and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr, 160, 2001, 468–72.