iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2014

Abstract: Objective: To determine the knowledge, attitude on modern contraceptive use amongst antenatal attendees at the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri, Bayelsa state, Nigeria. Materials and methods This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri, Bayelsa state, South-South Nigeria, between January and March, 2013. It consisted of a set of structured, pretested questionnaires that were administered to consecutive antenatal attendees.

[1]. SSingh, G. Sedgh G, R. Hussain, Unintended pregnancy: worldwide levels, trends, andoutcomes, Stud FamPlann, 41, 2010, 241–250.
[2]. A Bankole A, et al, Unwanted Pregnancy and Induced abortion in Nigeria: Causes and consequences, New York, Guttmacher Institute, 2006.
[3]. Prevalence and incidence of selected sexually transmitted infections. Chlamydia, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Syphilis and Trichomonasvaginalis. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2011.
[4]. Sexual and reproductive health and HIV/AIDS linkages: a framework for priority linkages. Geneva: World Health Organization, United Nations Population Fund, International Planned Parenthood Federation, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, 2005
[5]. Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) –Interim Report, 2013.
[6]. S.K. Henshaw, S. Singh, H. Taylor, The incidence of Abortion Worldwide, Family Planning Perspectives, Volume 25, Supplement, January,1999.

Abstract:Osteosarcoma is a malignancy of mesenchymal cells able to produce osteoid or immature bone. Osteosarcoma of the jaw is uncommon and represents 6-8% of all osteosarcomas. There are 3 conventional types of osteosarcoma of the jaw i.e. osteogenic, chondroblastic and fibroblastic. Fibroblastic variant scarcely discussed in dental literature as it is extremely rare in the oral cavity and exhibits diverse clinical, radiological and histopathological manifestations resulting in misdiagnosis and diagnostic delay.

[1]. HelenTrihia and Christos Valavanis (2012). Histopathology and Molecular Pathology of Bone and Extraskeletal Osteosarcomas, Osteosarcoma, Dr. Manish Agarwal (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0506-0, In Tech, Available from :http://www.intechopen.com /books/osteosarcoma/ histopathology-and-molecular- pathology-ofbone-and-extraskeletal- osteosarcomas
[2]. Devi CharanShetty, PuneetAhuja, Aadithya B. Urs&RupinderKaurHistopathological Variants of Jaw Osteosarcoma International Journal of Pathology; 2009; 7(2): 98-101985 www.jpathology.com/.
[3]. Mashhadi Abbas F. DDS. MS.,Moshref M. DDS. MS., Hooshmand B. DDS., Sargolzaei S. DDS. MS., Bagheri A. DDS. MS., Mashhadi A. DDS. MS., Rahimi H. Fibroblastic Osteosarcoma in mandible: A rare case report and review of literature journals.sbmu.ac.ir/djen/article/view/1276/1200 [4]. MohsenyAB . Bone: Conventional osteosarcoma. Atlas Genet CytogenetOncolHaematol. April 2008 .URL http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Tumors/convosteoid5344.html

Abstract: The thrust of this paper was to examine the alternative sources of funding for the free Day Secondary Education (FDSE) policy in public schools in Kisii Central District, Kisii County, Kenya. It is concerned with one main question: How adequate is the current government funding mechanism? To answer the question, the paper sets out to achieve three objectives: i) To profile the current trends in unit funding of all levels of education in the country, and ii) to examine the alternative funding strategy for public day secondary education in Kisii Central District, Kisii County, Kenya.

[1]. Brookings Institutions. (2013).Towards universal learning: What every child should learn. Brooks. Brunner, J.S.(1961).The Act of Discovery. Harvard Educational Review, Vol . No. 31 1961.
[2]. Getange, K (2005). Institutional Initiatives in Supplementing the Financing of Secondary Education in Kisii District .Unpublished M.ED Thesis ,Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya
[3]. Ho Ming Ng(2000). Creation of Income by school in China: a survey of selected Schools in Guangzhou. Educational Management Administration and leadership, vol.29(4)
[4]. KIPPRA.(2006), Draft Report on "Financing Sources for Achieving MDGs in Kenya: Domestic Resources, Dept and ODA". KIPPRA, Nairobi.

Abstract: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is on the increase world over. Tuberculous Lymphadenitis is the commonest form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The focus of Tuberculosis(TB) control programme has been on the pulmonary variety , because that is the cause of lot of misory and ill health. Tuberculos cervical lymphadenitis , or scrofula is one of the most common extra-pulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis. Diagnosis of enlarged lymphnode is challenging. A calcified lymph node is indicative of a prior chronic infection involving the node. This paper is to highlight two distinct variety of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

Keywords: extrapulmonary tuberculosis , lymphadenitis , calcification

[1]. Peter Davies , Director Tuberculosis , Research unit , Cardiothoracic centre Liverpool : www.TBalert.org/resourse: An overview Nov 1/2005
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Abstract: The term torticollis means "twisted neck" is defined as a congenital or acquired deformity, characterised by lateral inclination of the head to the shoulder, with torsion of the neck and deviation of the face. If conservative treatment is started early, with a regimen of passive stretching exercises and active strengthening of the contralateral muscle, about 95% of patients achieve an acceptable range of neck movement. The aim of treatment is to provide a long-term, cosmetic and functional restoration of neck mobility while minimizing the development of craniofacial deformity and upper cervical scoliosis. The surgical management of patients who do not respond to physiotherapy remains controversial. This paper provides a review of literature and highlights treatment protocol we follow in our patients with Congenital Muscular Torticollis and therapy achieved good esthetic and functional outcome.

[1]. Lee J II , Lim SY , Song HS , Park MC(2010) : Complete tight fibrous band release and resection in congenital muscular torticollis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 63:947-953
[2]. Hulbert KF(1965) Torticollis: Postgrad Med J 41:699
[3]. Lascaratos J , Damanakis A (1996) Ocular Torticollis : A new explanation for the abnormal head – posture of Alexander the great . Lancet 347:521-523
[4]. Froster – Iskenius UG, Waterson JR, Hall JG(1988) :A recessive form of congenital contractures and torticollis associated with malignant hyperthermia. J Med Genet 25:104-112

Abstract: A cross sectional study to study the food intake, nutrient adequacy and incidence of common complications & adverse events in Manipur state, India, was carried out on 442 women on ART in 2 hospitals, RIMS & JNIMS from April, 2009-October 2012. Anthropometric assessments, diet survey by 24 hours recall method, & hemoglobin estimation was done. Average mean age of the women was 37.62 years. 55.7% consisted of widows, 68.8% had monthly income less than Rs. 5000 per month, 86.2% of the women got the virus from their husbands who were ex-IDUs. Mean intake of cereals, roots & tubers were significantly higher when compared against the recommended levels while intake of all other remaining items was significantly lower.

[1] A. Shubhangini Joshi, Nutrition in HIV and AIDS in Nutrition and Dietetics, (Tata McGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd, 2010), 357-369.
[2] UNAIDS (2012). Global report on the AIDS epidemic. Author.
[3] HIVand ItsTreatment_cbrochure_en Accessed: April 22, 2011.
[4] M. Stambulin, S. Feliu and N.H. Slobodianik , Nutritional status in patients with HIV infection and AIDS. British J Nutr. 98 (2007), suppl 1:S140-S143.
[5] Life(2000)*Dietary mgt of aids-Accessed: aturday, Octo er 3, 2007.
[6] E.G. Piwoz & E.A. Preble, HIV/AIDS and nutrition: a review of the literature and recommendations for nutritional care and support in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington DC: Academy for Educational Development, 2000.

Abstract: The saddle block is a popular and well known method of low spinal anesthesia. This technique provides segmental block for those parts of the perineum, buttocks and inner thighs that would touch a saddle at the time of riding a horse. Traditionally, it is performed with low dose of lumbar spinal anesthesia to block selectively the last four sacral spinal segments. It was hypothesized that administering saddle block through dorsal foramen of sacrum would avoid inadvertent block of lower limbs while providing selective segmental block and acceptable hemodynamic stability. In this study, sacral spinal anesthesia through 2nd dorsal foramen of sacrum was administered to evaluate the merits and demerits of this method.

[[1]. Rowlingson JC, TerenceMM: Chronic pain, Anesthesiology, 5th edition, Edited by Miller RD. Philadelphia, Churchill
Livingstone, 2000,pp 2351-79
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Br.J.Anaesth. 1997; 78: 391.
[3]. Senoglu N, Senoglu M, Oksus H, Gumusalan Y, Yuksel KZ, Zencirci B et al. Landmarks of the sacral hiatus for caudal epidural
block: an anatomical study. Br J Anesth 2005; 95: 692-5.
[4]. Black MG. Anatomic reasons for caudal anesthesia failure. Anesth. Analg. 1949:28:33-39.
[5]. Paria R, Surroy S, Majumder M, Paria A, Paria B, Das G. Sacral Spinal Anesthesia. Indian J Anesth. 2014; 58 : 80-2

Abstract: Teenage pregnancy remains a public health problem as about 70,000 adolescent mothers die every year due to early childbearing. The NHFS III 2005-2006 estimates that the overall teenage pregnancies in India are 16%.In developing nations, as in India, teenage pregnancies are due to early age of marriage and tend to be welcomed by family members and society. Despite legal age for marriage of girls being 18, 47.4% of women in India were child brides. Teenage pregnancies have shown association with higher risks of prematurity, low birth weight, preeclampsia and anaemia as compared to adult pregnancies. This study aims to look into the differences in the obstetric and foetal outcomes of teenage pregnancies and adult pregnancies.

[1]. Susan mayor, Pregnancy and childbirth are leading causes of death in teenage girls in developing countries, BMJ,328(7449), 2004, 1152.

[2]. Treffers P E, Nederlands tjidschrift voor geneeskunde,147(47), 2003,2320-2325

[3]. Duvan, Candan, Iltemir, Nilgün Ö T, Y Onaran, Yuvaci H. Gümüs, and E. Gözdemir,Adolescent pregnancies: maternal and fetal outcomes, New J Med ,27, 2010,113-116.

[4]. Kumar A., Singh T, Basu S, Pandey S, & Bhargava V,Outcome of teenage pregnancy. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics,74(10),2007, 927-931.

[5]. Trivedi S S., and Shikha Pasrija.Teenage pregnancies and their obstetric outcomes, Tropical doctor,37(2),2007,85-88.

[6]. Usta, Ihab M., Dani Z, Antoine Abu-Musa, Georges N and Anwar H. Nassar,Obstetric outcome of teenage pregnancies compared with adult pregnancies , Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica ,87(2), 2008,178-183.

Abstract: Aims and objects of study: To study the association of dyslipidemia with stroke. Methods: Study design- Retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study Method of collection of data- A hundred patients between 30 to 90 years of age ,with first ever stroke, during a 12-month period were included in the study. History and physical examination details were collected from patient records. Laboratory investigations were also obtained .Data Analysis- Data collected was analysed by frequency, mean, standard deviation and chi-square test.

[1]. Central Bureau of Health Intelligence. National Health Profile. New Delhi: Directorate General of Health Sciences, 2008:102 [2]. World Health Organization. Workshop Report on Stroke Surveillance in India. (last checked 28 June 2012)
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[4]. American Heart Association. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2006 update: A report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Committee. Circulation 2006 e85-e151.
[5]. Goldstein LB, Adams R, Becker K, Furberg CD, Gorelick PB, Hademenos G et al. Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals from the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2001; 103:163.
[6]. Ballantyne CM, Herd JA, Ferlic LL, et al. Influence of low HDL on progression of coronary artery disease and response to fluvastatin therapy. Circulation. 1999; 99(6):736-743.

Abstract: Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) has been the preferred treatment in the management of epiphora and many techniques were described by different authors with different success rates. We describe a new technique of endonasal DCR which has given almost 100 % success rates in the management of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. In this new technique, there is no preparation of lacrimal sac flap nor any stenting is required hence avoids the possible concern of flap survival.

[1]. Caldwell GW. Two new operations for obstruction of the nasal duct with preservation of the canaliculi, and anincidental description of a new lacrimal probe. New YorkMedical Journal. 1893; 57: 581-2.

[2]. Toti A. Nuovo metodo conservatore dicuraradicale delle sopourazioni croniche del saccolacrimale (dacriocistorhinostomia). Clin Moderna 1904;10:385-87.

[3]. G Adrien Shun-Shin Geetha Thurairajan. External dacryocystorhinostomy—an end of an era?. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1997;81:716–17.McDonough M, Meiring JH. Endoscopic transnasal DCR. The journal of Laryngology and Otology. 1989; 103: 585-7
[4]. Fayers T , Laverde T, Tay E, Olver JM. Lacrimal surgery success after external dacryocystorhinostomy: functional and anatomical results using strict outcome criteria. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009 Nov-Dec;25(6):472-5.

Abstract: Background: Breast Cancer is the most common diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide and in India. The peak occurrence of breast cancer in developed countries is above the age of 50 years, where as in India it is above the age of 40 years. Factors like overweight and obesity, nulliparity, H/O abortions, family H/O breast cancer, H/O use of OCPs, non feeding of breast milk have been associated with breast cancer risk. Objectives:1: To assess the risk factors of breast cancer 2:To assess the nutritional status of study population.

[1]. Population based cancer registries consolidated report (1990‑96). Available from: http://www.icmr.nic.in/ncrp/pbcr.pdf.[Last accessed on 2014 Jan31].
[2]. Priya shetty India faces growing breast cancer epidemic. The Lancet,2012;379(9820):992-993.
[3]. Singh P, Kapil U, Shukla NK, Deo S, Dwivedi SN. Association of overweight and obesity with breast cancer in India. Indian J Community Med 2011;36:259-62.
[4]. Malasian Association for the study of Obesity. Defining obesity -(http://www.maso.org.my/spom/chap3.pdf).
[5]. An updated prasad's socio economic classification for 2013.shankar reddy pudala, arlappa n, International journal of research and development of health. Ijrdh.com-ISSN:2321-1431. acessed on 13-11-2013.IJRDH2013;1(2):26-29.
[6]. Kamath R, Mahajan KS, Ashok L, Sanal TS.A study on risk factors of Breast Cancer among patients attending tertiary care hospital in Udipi district. Indian J Community Med 2013;38:95-9

Abstract: Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is an essential measure in the management and evaluation of asthmatic children. Lung function parameters show wide variations with respect to geographical, climatic, anthropometric and socioeconomic condition are well known. The aim of this study was to determine normal PEFR of adolescent boys and girls of West Bengal state in Eastern India and to derive prediction formula for this population. The PEFR was measured in 1288 healthy school students (767 boys and 521 girls) of Hooghly district using the mini Wright's peak flow meter.

[1]. Saxena Y, Purwar B, Upmanyu R. Adiposity: determinant of peak expiratory flow rate in young Indian adults male. Indian j Chest Dis Allied Sci. 2011; 53: 29-33.
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[4]. Pagadpally S. Factors affecting peak expiratory flow rate and drive predictive equation in children of 6-12 years of age of karaikal. J Evolution Med Dental Sci. 2013, 2: 557-571.
[5]. Chinn S, Jarvis D, Burney P. Relation of bronchial responsiveness to BMI in the ECRHS. Thorax. 2002; 57: 1028-1033.
[6]. Mitchell E. A. (1985): International trends in hospital admission rates for asthma. Arch. Dis. Child. 60: 676-78.
[7]. Mondal K.B., Sen S., Mahapatra N. C., Banerjee A, Ray A, Chakravorti S. (2011): A study of peak expiratory flow rate in 6-12 age group in relation to height in eastern India. The child & Newborn. 15: 8-13.

Abstract: Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is rare benign lesions of bone which are infrequent in craniofacial skeleton. ABC's are characterized by rapid growth pattern with resultant bony expansion and facial asymmetry. We describe a case of ABC in a 08 year old Female patient affecting the right side of the anterior maxilla with expansion and thinning of the buccal & palatal cortical plates. Treatment consisted of surgical curettage of the lesion. A one year follow- up showed restoration of facial symmetry and complete healing of the involved site.

[1]. Gadre KS, Zubairy RA. Aneurysmal bone cyst of the mandibular condyle: Report of a case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000; 58:439-43.
[2]. Motamedi MH, Stavropoulos M.F. Large radiolucent lesion of the mandibular condyle. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997; 55:1300-4.
[3]. Kalantar Motamedi MH. Aneurysmal bone cyst of the jaws: Clinicopathological features, radiographic evaluation and treatment analysis of 17 cases. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 1998; 26:56-62.
[4]. Rosenberg AE, Nielsen GP, Fletcher JA. In: World Health Organisation Classification of tumours. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft tissues and Bone. Lyon: IARC Press; 2002. p. 338.
[5]. Goyal A, TyagiI, Syal R, Agrawal T, Jain M. Primary aneurismal bone cyst of coronoid process. BMC Ear Nose Throat Disord 2006; 6:4.

Abstract: Ameloblastoma is an uncommon epithelial odontogenic epithelial neoplasm that is non –mineralized & locally aggressive.The lesion is often discovered on rotune dental examination. 80% of ameloblastomas are seen in mandibular molar ramus area.Radiographically ameloblastomas present as well defined unilocular or multilocular radiolucencies with internal bony septa resulting in honeycomb or soap bubble appearence . Treatment consists of radical surgical resection, as the tumor has a high recurrence rate after incomplete resection. Recurrent lesions have a more aggressive biological behavior than original tumors.

1]. Becelli, R.; Carboni, A.; Cerulli, G.; Perugini, M. & Iannetti, G. Mandibular ameloblastoma: analysis of surgical treatment carried out in 60 patients between 1977 and 1998. J. Craniofac. Surg., 13:395-400, 2002. [ Links ]
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Abstract: Background:Extended spectrum β-lactamase(ESBL) is an important mechanism of beta-lactam resistance among Gram negative bacteria. The ESBL detection method as described by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) is used routinely. This method however is not able to detect ESBL in presence of AmpC which is another important mechanism of drug resistance among these bacteria. This study was thus undertaken to compare CLSI recommended method with Cefepime-clavulanic acid method.

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resistance threat.ClinMicrobiol Rev 2001; 14:933-5.
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supplement 2007;27(1):M100-S17.
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[5]. Shoorashetty RM, Nagarathnamma T, Prathibha J. Comparison of the boronic acid disk potentiation test and cefepime-clavulanic
acid method for the detection of ESBL among AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2011;29:297-301.
[6]. Garrec H.Comparsion of Nine Phenotypic Methods for Detection of Extended-Spectrum β–lactamase Production by
Enterobacteriaceae.J Clinic Microbiol.2011;49:1048-1057.

Abstract: The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is on the increase in Africa than in developed world. Alanine and aspartate aminotransferases are used to determine the integrity of the liver. This study on the analysis of aminotransferases was carried out on CKD patients who have not undergone dialysis therapy. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases in patients with CKD and compared to healthy individuals. A total of 100 subjects (both male and female adults) were used to carry out the study. 50 were CKD patients who have not undergone dialysis therapy, while the remaining 50 were apparently healthy adults. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were estimated using colorimetric method.

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[2]. John W S, Bocheng J, Scott T, Nicole H, Romita M, Saraladevi N, Uptal. The epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in sub-Saharan. Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health 2014;2:174-81.
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[4]. Arogundade FA, Barsoum RS. CKD prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa: A call for governmental, nongovernmental, and communitysupport. Am J Kidney Dis 2008;51:515-23. [5]. Fabrizi F, Lunghi G, Finazzi S, Colucci P, Pagano A, Ponticelli C, Locatelli F. Decreased serum aminotransferase activity in patients with chronic renal failure: Impact on the detection of viral hepatitis. Am J Kidney Dis 2001, 38(5):1009-15.