iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-11 ~ November-2015

Abstract: Over 130 million babies are born every year, large numbers of children die soon after birth, many of them in the first four weeks of life (neonatal deaths) and most of them in the first week (early neonatal deaths). For every baby who dies in the first week after birth, another is born dead (fetal deaths/ stillbirths). More than 98% of the estimated 3.7 million neonatal deaths and 3.2 million stillbirths per year occur in the developing countries.1Neonatal deaths and stillbirths have many common causes and determinants. For the past 50 years the term "perinatal mortality" has been used to include deaths that might somehow be attributed to obstetric events, such as stillbirths and neonatal deaths in the first week of life.

[1]. Lawn JE, Gravett MG, Nunes TM, Rubens CE, Stanton: GAPPS Review Group: Global report on preterm birth and stillbirth (1of 7): definitions, description of the burden and opportunities to improve data. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2010; 10(Suppl 1): 1-22
[2]. Neonatal and Perinatal mortality. Country, Regional and Global estimates. WHO 2006
[3]. Sachs JD, McArthur JW. The Millennium Project: a plan for meeting the Millennium Development Goals. Lancet 2005; 365:347-53
[4]. Darmstadt GL, Bhutta ZA, Cousens S, Taghreed A, Walker N, de Bernis L; Lancet Neonatal Survival Steering Team. Evidence-based, cost-effective interventions: how many newborn babies can we save? Lancet 2005; 365: 977-88
[5]. Mahapatra P, Shibuya K, Lopez AD, Coullare F, Notzon FC, Rao C, et al : Civil registration systems and vital statistics: successes and missed opportunities. Lancet 2007; 370: 1653-64

Abstract: In the oral cavity, gingival growth is one of the most commonly encountered lesions, most of these lesions are benign, but some do have malignant potential. Usually these lesions occur as a result of irritants, plaque, calculus, trauma, microorganisms, restorations and dental appliances. Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a benign neoplasm that usually develops from reactive gingival overgrowth, usually occurring in the anterior maxillary region in teenagers. Females are affected then male (2:1) almost 60% of the lesion occurs in the mandible. Here we report a case of peripheral ossifying fibroma in a 50 year old male. Treatment includes excision of the lesion.

Key Words: Oral cavity, Gingiva, Fibrosed pyogenic granuloma, Peripheral ossifying fibroma, Histopathology,

[1]. Lindhe J, Karring T, Lang NP. Clinical Periodontology and implant dentistry. 4th ed. Copenhagen: Blackwell Munksgaard; 2003.
[2]. Moon WJ, Choi SY, Chung EC, Kwon KH, Chae SW. Peripheral ossifying fibroma in the oral cavity: CT and MR findings. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2007; 36(3):180-2.
[3]. Neville, et al. Textbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 3rd edition 2009:p. 521-3.
[4]. Cuisia ZE, Brannon RB. Peripheral ossifying fibroma – a clinical evaluation of 134 pediatric cases. Pediatr Dent2001; 23(3):245-8.
[5]. Gardner DG. The peripheral odontogenic fibroma: an attempt at clarification. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982; 54(1):40–8.
[6]. Eversole LR, Sabes WR, Rovin S. Fibrous dysplasia: a nosologic problem in the diagnosis of fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws. J Oral Pathol 1972; 1(5):189-220.

Abstract: Background: 74 children, either sex, aged 2-7 years , ASA grade I, II, scheduled to undergo infraumbilical surgeries included in a prospective, double blind, randomized, parallel group study. Aim was to compare duration of analgesia and level of sedation after single dose caudal bupivacaine versus caudal bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine.

[1]. International association for study of pain,subcommittee on taxonomy.Pain terms:a list with definitions and notes on usage.Pain 1979;6:249-252
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Abstract: This prospective study was carried out to determine the nature of pulmonary paragonimiasis due to the ling fluke, Paragonimus westermanii in Manipur, India. Ten cases of pulmonary paragonimiasis were studied from January 2013 to February 2015. They presented to the outpatient department with the complaints of haemoptysis, chest pain, cough, shortness of breath. Radiologically, they were found to have no lesions to small consolidations or pleural effusion. Pulmonary paragonimiais was diagnosed from the presence of paragonimus eggs in sputum, pleural fluid or positive serological tests along with positive history of intake of raw or undercooked crabs or snails which harbours the paragonimus parasite.

[1]. Procop WW. North American paragonimiasis (caused by Paragonimus kellicotti) in the context of global praragonimiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009;22:415–46. [PMCID: PMC2708389] [PubMed: 19597007]
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[4]. Singh TS, Sugiyama H, Lepcha C, Khanna SK. Massive pleural effusion due to paragonimiasis: Biochemical, cytological, and parasitological findings. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2014;57:492-4.
[5]. Fishman A Jay.Helminthic Disease of the Lung in Alfred P.Fishman,Jack A Elias,Jay A Fishman,editors.Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders.Fourth edition.New York:McGraw-Hills;2008.p 2425-26

Abstract: A keloid is dysregulated firoproliferative scar tissue in response to skin injuries, which extends beyond the wound margin. Since it has a poor response to treatment, variable therapies are used. Current therapies of keloid include intralesional corticosteroid injection, cryotherapy and various laser therapies, silicone gel sheets (pressure therapy), interferon-α-2b, 5-floruracilorbleomycine administration. In this scenario, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of combined intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection with cryotherapy vs. Intra lesional triamcinolone alone in the treatment of keloids.

[1]. Hunasgi S., Koneru A., Vanishree M., Shamala R. Keloid: a case report and review of pathophysiology and differences between keloid and hypertrophic scars. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2013;17:116–120. [PubMed]
[2]. Maghrabi, Ibrahim A, and Ahmed M Kabel. "Management of Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars: Role of Nutrition, Drugs, Cryotherapy and Phototherapy." World Journal of Nutrition and Health. 2014; 2.2 : 28-32. [PubMed]
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Abstract: Background: Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism is a well-recognized complication of leg trauma and subsequent immobilization. We prospectively evaluated the incidence of deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism in our patients of tibial fracture managed conservatively and need for routine pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in these patients.

[1]. Nokes TJ, Keenan J. Thromboprophylaxis in patients with lower limb immobilisation: review of current status. Br J Haematol 2009;146:361–368.
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[4]. Jorgensen PS, Warming T, Hansen K, et al. Low molecular weight heparin as thromboprophylaxis in outpatients with a plaster cast: a venographic controlled study. Thromb Res 2002;105:477-80.
[5]. Giannadakis K, Gehling H, Sitter H, et al. Is a general pharmacologic thromboembolism prophylaxis necessary in ambulatory treatment by plaster cast immobilization in lower limb injuries? Unfallchirurg 2000;103:475-8 (in German).

Abstract: Stricture disease of urethra is a challenge for almost all practicing urologists. Injection of steroid triamcinaloneintralesionally following internal urethrotomy decreases formation of scar by enhancing endogenous production of collagenase.We analysed the outcome of injection of steroid (triamcinalone) and urethral stricture recurrence after internal urethrotomy. Aim of the Study: To study the effect of triamcinalone acetate injected intralesionally in patients undergoing internal urethrotomy (DVIU) for anterior urethral strictures.

[1]. Niese1 T, Moore RG, A1fert HJ, Kavoussi LR. Alternative endoscopic management in the treatment of urethral strictures. J Endourol 1995; 9:319.
[2]. Mandhani A, ChaudhuryH, kapoor R et a1(2005) can outcome of internal urethrotomy for short segment bulbar urethral stricture be predicted? J Urol173:1595-1597.
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[6]. Hosseini J, Kaviani A, Golshan AR. Clean intermittent catheterization with triamcinolone ointment following internal urethrotomy. Urol 12008; 5:265-8.

Abstract: Background: Variations in the foramina of the craniofacial skeleton have always been an important topic of research among the anatomists as well as other research workers. These cranial variants are of great importance, both clinically and anthropologically. Therefore, the present study was carried out to study the prevalence of mastoid foramen, their number and position. Materials and methods: 50 dry adult human skulls of unknown sex and age were collected and analysed for the presence or absence of mastoid foramen, their number and location.

[1]. Standring S. Intracranial region. In: Standring S, Borley NR, Collins P, Crossman AR, Gatzoulis MA, Healey JC, et al, editors. Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. 40th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone; 2008. p. 423-34.
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[4]. Vedula D, Rao V, Roja Rani CH, Vijayalakshmi K. A study of the mastoid foramen in dried skulls. International Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences 2015;5(2):210-4.
[5]. Debbarma S, Singh AK, Agarwal P, Singh N, Sinha A. Variations of mastoid foramen in North Indian population. NJIRM 2014;5(6):49-52.

Abstract: Genital lymphedema is rare outside the endemic filariasis regions. Elephantiasis is the manifestation of chronic lymphedema. Involvement of limbs, trunk and male genitelia is common but elephantiasis of vulvar origin is rare even in endemic areas. we report a case of giant vulval elephantiasis in a young female. A 21 year old unmarried female presented with swelling of bilateral labia since 7 years with dragging pain and discomfort . Patient was managed by excision of filarial tumor with vulvoplasty and discharged uneventfully. Keywords: Elephantiasis , Lymphedema, Vulval , , Wuchereria bancrofti

[1]. Khanna NN, Joshi GK. Elephantiasis of female genitalia. Case peport. Plast Reconstr Surg 1971;48(4):379-81.
[2]. Sharma K, Gupta S, Naithani U, Gupta S. Huge vulval elephantiasis Anesthetic management for caesarean delivery. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2011; 27:416-7.
[3]. Bradbury AW, Murie JA. Lymphatic system. In: Bailey and Love's Short Practice of Surgery. 23rd edition, Russel RCG, Williams NS, Blustrode CJK (Eds.), Arnold: London 2000:p.250-69.
[4]. Gaarenstroom KN, Kenter GG, Trimbos JB, Agous I, Amant F, Peters AA, et al. Postoperative complications after vulvectomy and inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy using separate groin incisions. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2003;13(4):522-7.
[5]. Pandhi RK, Sood A. Disease of arteries, veins and lymphatics. In: IADVL Textbook and Atlas of Dermatology. 2nd edition, Valia RG, Valia AR (Eds.), Bhalani Publishing House: Mumbai 2001:p.576-95.

Abstract: In surgical practice, thyroid lesions are common, observed in 4-7% of the population and affect women more commonly than men. Excising all the thyroid lesions is impracticable and associated with risk [1, 2].Therefore an effective screening test is needed to avoid unwanted surgery. The routine use of FNAC in the assessment of thyroid lesions has reduced the number of patients subjected to thyroidectomy for benign lesions. Aims and Objectives: Present study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of FNAC in the diagnosis of clinically obvious and palpable thyroid lesions and its coorelation with histopathology diagnosis.

[1]. Vander JB, Gaston EA, Dawber TR: The significance of non toxic thyroid nodule. Ann Intern Med 1982; 96:221-232.
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[3]. Aschcraft MW, Van Herle AJ: Management of thyroid nodules II. Scanning techniques, thyroid suppression therapy and fine needle aspiration. Head and neck surg 1981; 3: 297-322
[4]. D.N. Poller, E.B. Stelow and C. Yiangou. Thyroid FNAC Cytology: can we do it better? J Cytopathology; 2007; DOI: 10.1111
Manoj Gupta, Savita Gupta and Ved Bhushan Gupta. Correlation of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology with Histopathology in the Diagnosis of Solitary Thyroid Nodule. Journal of Thyroid Research, Vol. 2010; Article ID 379051; 5 pages.
[5]. Abu-Nema T, Ayash K, Tibblin S:The role of aspiration biopsy cytology in the diagnosis of cold solitary thyroid nodules.Br J Surg 1987;74:203

Abstract:Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a major problem among newborns ocurring in 5-10% of healthy term infants. It is the most common cause of readmission during early neonatal period in significant number of babies. Severe jaundice can lead to kernicterus causing permanant brain damage. Hence there is an obvious need to predict which infants are at risk of developing significant hyperbilirubinemia. We have conducted a cross-sectional study among 200 healthy term neonates born in Aarupadai veedu medical college and hospital and serum bilirubin levels in the first two hours of life and on fifth postnatal day were estimated. The incidence of significant hyperbiliruinemia in our study is found to be 11%.

[1]. Narang A, Gathwala G, Kumar P. Neonatal Jaundice: An analysis of 551 cases. Indian Pediatr 1997;34: 429-432.
[2]. Singhal PK, Singh M, Paul VK, Deorari AK, Ghorpade MG. Spectrum of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: An analysis of 454 cases. Indian Pediatr 1992; 29: 319-325.
[3]. Brown AK, Johnson L. Loss of concern about jaundice and the reemergence of kernicterus in the era of managed care. In: Fanroff AA, Klaus MH, Eds. The Year Book of Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine. Philadelphia; Mosby, 1996 pp 17-28.
[4]. Maisels MJ, Newman TB. Kernicterus in otherwise healthy, breast-fed term neonates, Pediatrics 1995; 96: 730-733.
[5]. Alpay F, Sarici SU, Tosuncuk HD, Serdar MA, Inanc N, Gokcay E. The value of first day bilirubin measurement in predicting the development of significant hyperbilirubinemia in healthy term newborns. Pediatrics 2000; 106: e16.
[6]. American Academy of Pediatrics. Practice parameter: Management of hyper-bilirubinemia in the healthy team newborn. Pediatrics 1994; 94: 558-567.

Abstract: Hand Hygiene is a cost-effective method in preventing infection transmission. Improper Hand Hygiene by healthcare workers (HCWs) is responsible for about 40% of nosocomial infections resulting in prolonged illnesses, hospital stays, long-term disability and unexpected high costs on patients and their families, and also lead to a massive additional financial burden on the health-care system. Hand Hygiene practices have been found to be faulty in most healthcare settings. We conducted a cross sectional, questionnaire and observation based study to evaluate the knowledge and compliance of Hand Hygiene among Health care professionals in one of the health care facilities in Gujarat. Among which 100 Health care professionals were observed working in Internal Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynaecology (OBGYN), Neonatal health care care of the hospital.

[1] Larson EL (1995) APIC guideline for hand washing and hand antisepsis in health care settings. Am J Infect Control. 23: 251-269.
[2] Reybrouck G (1983) Role of the hands in the spread of nosocomial infections. Int. J Hosp Infect 4: 103-110. Yawson et al. – Hand Hygiene in a teaching hospital in Ghana J Infect Dev Ctries 2013; 7(4):338-347.
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[5] Allegranzi B, Sax H, Bengaly L, Richet H, Minta D, Chraiti M (2010) Successful Implementation of the World Health Organization Hand Hygiene Improvement Strategy in a Referral Hospital in Mali, Africa. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiolog 31 Suppl 2: 133-141.

Abstract: The relationship between diabetes and sensorineural hearing loss has been highly controversial and debatable since a long time. The hearing loss is characteristically bilateral and progressive typically affecting higher frequencies.This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss in type 2 diabetics and to establish a relationship between age, gender, duration and diabetic control. METHODS: This study was conducted in 83 patients and were subjected to pure tone audiometry and evaluation of random blood sugar, glycosylated haemoglobin and serum creatinine.

[1] Jardao A. Consideration sur un cas du diabetes. Union Medicale du Paris 1857;11:446

[2] K.Park.Preventive and Social Medicine.19th edition.Banarsidas Bhanot.328-30

[3] Who.int/mediacenter/factsheets/fs312/en/

[4] Baguley DM, Reid E, Mc combe A. Age related sensorineural hearing impairment. In: Chapter 238a Scott‑Brown's Otolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery. 7th ed., Vol. 2. London: Hodder Arnold; 2008

[5] Friedman S.A; hearing and diabetic neuropathy. Archives of internal medicine; 135:573-76

Abstract: To evaluate the success and complications of pterygium excision with Free Conjunctival Limbal AutoGrafting (CLAG) for the management of primary pterygium. Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of 128 patients who underwent primary pterygium excision with Free (free of sutures and glue) conjunctival limbal autografting at 'Cornea Clinic' of the Department of Ophthalmology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam between October 2011 to November 2012, was carried out.

[1]. Leonard P, Jocelyn L, Donald T. Current concepts and techniques in pterygium treatment Curr Opin Ophthalmology 2007, 18:308-313
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[6]. Juan Camilo Sánchez-Thorinan B, Guillermo Rochab, Julie B Yelinb. Meta-analysis on the recurrence rates after bare sclera resection with and without mitomycin C use and conjunctival autograft placement in surgery for primary pterygium Br J Ophthalmol 1998;82:661-665

Abstract: Benign tumors of fibrous connective tissue are frequently seen in the oral cavity. Majority of the fibromas occurring in the oral cavity are reactive in nature and represent inflammatory hyperplasia and are not a true neoplasia. True fibroma of the oral mucosa is an extreamely rare benign neoplasm, only few cases have been reported in the literature so far and we report such a rare case of true fibroma of the palate in a 35 year old male patient.

Key Words: true fibroma, palate, 810nm diode laser

[1]. Rodrigo Alexandre Valério, Alexandra Mussolino de Queiroz, Priscila Coutinho, Luiz Guilherme Brentegani, Francisco Wanderley Garcia de Paula-Silva. Mucocele and fibroma : Treatment and Clinical Features for differential diagnosis. Brazilian Dental Journal . 2013;24(5): 537-541.
[2]. Daddy Suradi Halim, Abdullah Pohchi, Pang EE Yi. The Prevalence of Fibroma in Oral Mucosa Among Patient Attending USM Dental Clinic Year 2006-2010. The Indonesian J Dent Res. 2010;1(1):61-66
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[4]. Makoto Toida, Tomonori Murakami, Keizo Kato, Yukihiro Kusunoki, Satoshi Yasuda, Hideki Fujitsuka et al. Irritation Fibroma of the Oral Mucosa: A clinicopathological study of 129 lesions in 124 cases. Oral Med Pathol. 2001;6:91-94.
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Abstract: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a serious condition of loss of renal function progressively occurs usually within a course of several years. It is increasing rapidly worldwide at an annual growth rate of 8%. The prevalence of CKD is higher in developing countries than the developed countries are alarming and has become a major health issue. The aim of this study is to assess the level of thyroid hormones and lipid profiles of CKD of Pre-Haemodialysis and Post Haemodialysis patients at Al-khoms teaching hospital, Al-khoms, Libya.

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