iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-11 ~ November-2015

Abstract: Brachytherapy has been historically described as the first form of conformal technique where radioactive source is placed inside or very close to the tumour. With this modality of radiation a high dose could be delivered to the tumour with maximal sparing of adjacent normal structures. The dose gradient follows the inverse square law which states that the dose falls off sharply with increasing distance from the source. The evolution of this modality started with the use of radium initially, later development of numerous other sealed radioactive sources led to extensive use of this form of therapy in oncology. This has been most efficiently and extensively utilised in the treatment of carcinoma cervix. The earlier concept of point based treatment later changed to the development of volume based treatment.

Key words: Brachytherapy, carcinoma cervix

[1]. Dale RG, Jones B.The clinical radiobiology of brachytherapy.Br J Radiobiology.1998;71:465-83.
[2]. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. Prescribing, Recording, and Reporting Photon Beam Therapy. ICRU Report 50. Bethesda, MD. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements; 1993.
[3]. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU). Dose and Volume Specification for Reporting Intracavitary Therapy in Gynecology. ICRU Report No. 38. Bethesda, MD: International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements; 1985
[4]. Del Regato,J A and Regaud C.(1993) In Radiological Oncologists: The unfolding of a Medical Speciality. Reston VA, Radiology Centennial Inc.,53-63.
[5]. Regaud C.(1922)Influence de la duree d‟irradiation sur leseffects determines dan le testicule par le radium. Comp.Rend.Soc.Biol.,86,787-90.

Abstract: Injuries of the Achilles tendon are relatively common in middle-aged athletes. Achilles tendon ruptures have been estimated to be the third most frequent tendon rupture. Most commonly, the mechanisms of Achilles tendon rupture are pushing off with the weight bearing forefoot while extending the knee, sudden unexpected dorsiflexion of the ankle and violent dorsiflexion of the plantar flexed foot, as in a fall from a height.

[1]. Popovic N, Lemaire R. Diagnosis and treatment of acute ruptures of the Achilles tendon. Current concepts review. Acta Orthop Belg. 1999;65:458–71.
[2]. Edna TH. Non-operative treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures. Acta Orthop Scand. 1980;51:991–3.
[3]. Inglis AE, Sculco TP. Surgical repair of ruptures of the tendo Achillis. Clin Orthop. 1981;156:160–9.
[4]. Wills CA, Washburn S, Caiozzo V, Prietto CA. Achilles tendon rupture. A review of the literature comparing surgical versus nonsurgical treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1986;207:156–63.
[5]. Beskin JL, Sanders RA, Hunter SC, Hughston JC. Surgical repair of Achilles tendon ruptures. Am J Sports Med. 1987;15:1–8.
[6]. Cetti R, Cristiansen S-E, Ejsted R, Jensen NM, Jorgensen U. Operative versus nonoperative treatment of Achilles tendon rupture: A prospective randomized study and review of the literature. Am J Sports Med. 1993;21:791–9.
[7]. Inglis AE, Scott WN, Sculco TP, Patterson AH. Ruptures of the Tendo Achilles: An objective assessment of surgical and non surgical treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1976;58:990–3.

Abstract: Cystic hygroma is not a rare condition. We have seen case of cystic hygroma involving neck. The diagnosis is not difficult.
Recently we have examined a one year old male child with a soft, cystic, translucent swelling over the left side of upper abdomen. It created diagnostic confusion. After investigation it came out to be a cystic hygroma. Cystic hygroma of the abdominal wall is almost an unreported entity. The importance is that it created diagnostic confusion.
Key words: Cystic hygroma; Abdominal wall; Congenital malformation.

[1]. Lymphatic system: in Langman's Medical Embryology: editor T.W. Sadler, twelfth edition (2012) p 197-198.
[2]. Cystic hygroma: in Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery: edited by R.C.G Russell et all, 23rd edition (2000) p-700.
[3]. Cystic hygroma: Jason L Acevedo MD: chief editor emedicine.medscape.com>article>994...2015
[4]. Vascular Anomalies: Emily R et all: in surgical clinics of North America number 2 volume 86 April 2006 p-409-410.

Abstract: An 18 months-old-female patient admitted for Blalock-Taussig shunt procedure with a displaced guide wire that had migrated to the superior vena cava and then to the right atrium and right ventricle; and second case was of a 4years-old-male patient diagnosed as a case of Dengue hemorrhagic fever admitted in the Pediatric I.C.U. with a displaced right femoral vein catheter. Ultrasonography and fluoroscopy revealed broken end of catheter of right femoral vein which had travelled to the right atrium and right ventricle. Both cases
referred to Interventional Radiology were managed by percutaneous retrieval of the foreign bodies using goose snare catheters.
Keywords: foreign body, goose snare catheter, intravascular, percutaneous.

[1]. Thomas J, Sinclair-Smith B, Bloomfield D, Davachi A. Non-Suurgi-calretrievaof a brokensegment of steel springguide from the
right atrium and inferiorvenacava. Circulation. 1964; 30:106-8.[14197828].
[2]. SmouseHB, Fox PF, Brady TM,SwischukJL, Castaneda F, Pham MT, Intravascular foreign bodyremoval.SeminInterventradiol
2000; 17:201-12.
[3]. Gabelmann A, Kramer S,GorichJ.Percutaneous retrieval of lost or misplaced intravascular objects. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2001;
176:1509-13.
[4]. Yedlicka JW Jr, Carlson JE, Hunter DW, Castañeda-Zúñiga WR, Amplatz K. Nitinol gooseneck snare for removal of foreign
bodies: experimental study and clinical evaluation. Radiology 1991; 178:691-3.[1994404].
[5]. Cekirge S, Weiss JP, Foster RG, Neiman HL, McLean GK. Percuta- neous retrieval of foreign bodies: experience with the
nitinol Goose Neck snare:JVascIntervRadiol 1993;4:805-10. [8281004].
[6]. Andrews RE, TullohRM, Rigby ML. Percutaneous retrieval of central venous catheter fragments. Arch Dis Child 2002; 87:149-50.

Abstract: Aim:To compare the incidence of dentinal defects after preparation with reciprocating (Reciproc and WaveOne) and fullsequence rotary ProTaper Universal and Protaper Next instruments. Materials and methods:One hundred human mandibular premolars were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n = 20 teeth per group). The root canals were instrumented by using the reciprocating single-file systems Reciproc and WaveOneand the fullsequence rotary protaper universal andProTaper nextinstruments.One group was left unprepared as control. Roots were sectioned horizontally at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex and the sections were then observed under a stereomicroscope. The absence/presence of cracks was recorded, and the data were analysed with a chi-square test. The significance level was set atP= .05.

[1]. Tsesis I, Rosen E, Tamse A, et al. Diagnosis of vertical root fractures in endodontically treated teeth based on clinical and
radiographic indices: a systematic review. J Endod 2010;36:1455–8.
[2]. Tamse A. Vertical root fractures in endodontically treated teeth: diagnostic signs and clinical management. Endod Top 2006;13:84–
94.
[3]. Wilcox LR, Roskelley C, Sutton T. The relationship of root canal enlargement to finger-spreader induced vertical root fracture. J
Endod 1997;23:533–4.
[4]. RohitKansal,Akhil Rajput, et al. Assessment of Dentinal Damage during Canal Preparation Using Reciprocating and Rotary Files. J
Endod 2014;40:1443-6.
[5]. Kim HC, Lee MH, Yum J, et al. Potential relationship between design of nickeltitanium rotary instruments and vertical root
fracture. J Endod 2010;36:1195–9.

Abstract: Hemodynamic response to carboperitoneum can be avoided by use of several pharmacological agents. Clonidine is an α 2 adrenoreceptor agonist having sympatholytic effects. Clonidine has been shown to reduce perioperative hemodynamic instability. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of oral versus intravenous clonidine premedication in prevention of hemodynamic response associated with carboperitoneum .

[1]. Steve Eubanks. Much remains to be learned; Annals of Surgery 2005; 241(2): 217.
[2]. Neuducker J,Sauerland S, Neugebauer E et al; The European association for endoscopic surgery clinical practice guidelines on the pneumoperitoneum for laproscopic surgery; Surg Endo;2002;16: 1121-43.
[3]. Joris JL, Chiche JD, Canivet JL, Jacquet NJ, Legros JJ, Lamy ML; Hemodynamic changes induced by laproscopy and their endocrine correlates: Effects of clonidine. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32:1389-96.

Abstract: The main aim of this study microbial aetiology in patients with white discharge and to compare by visual, clinical and microbiological methods. The present study was a hospital based prospective study done at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government General Hospital, Vijayawada over a period of one year from January 2013 to January 2014. This study included 150 women with white discharge in the age group 19 to 45 years, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The three common causes of vaginal discharge BV, Candidiasis and Trichomoniasis were analysed. Diagnosis based on visual, clinical and microbiological methods were compared and results were summarised

[1]. Thulkar, J., Kriplani, A., Aggarwal, N., Vishnubhatla, S.,aetiology and risk factors of recurrent vaginitisand its association with various contraceptive methods. Indian j med res 2010, 131, 83-87
[2]. Rao, P.S., Devi, S., Shriyah, A., Rajaram, M., Jagadishchandra, K.Diagnosis of Bacterial vaginosis in a rural setup.comparison of clinical algorithm ,smear scoring and culture by semi quantitative methods Indian j med microbiol 2004, 22, 47-50.
[3]. French L ,Horton J, Matousek, M., The journal of family practice 2004, 53, 805- 814.
[4]. Larsson P G, Carlsson B. Does pre and postoperative metronidazole treatment lower vaginal cuff infection rate after abdominal hysterectomy among women with bacterial vaginosis Infect dis obstet gynecol. 2002;10(3):133–140.
[5]. Larsson P G, Platz - christensen JJ, Thejls H, et al. Incidence of pelvic inflammatory Disease after first trimester legal abortion in women with bacterial vaginosis after treatment with metronidazole: a doubleblind, randomized study. Am j obstet gynecol 1992;166:100–103.

Abstract: Can we use NNT (neonatal thrombocytopenia) as a screening tool in at risk neonates to screen NNS (neonatal sepsis). It is an easy and cost effective method. Design: Prospective observational cross sectional descriptive study. Setting: "At risk neonates‟ are taken for the study for a period of 1 year (from Jan 2011 to Dec 2011) in level III NICU of Institute of Child and Women Health, Niloufer Hospital, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad. Participants: Over a period of 12 months, 215 neonates under the age of 28 days are admitted in NICU, in that111 "at risk term neonates‟ were detected. 6 neonates were excluded because they are associated with
syndromes.

[1]. Ashok K. Deorari, Neonatal sepsis: Manageable daunting issue for India, Journal issue for India, Journal of Neonatology, Vol.23,
No.1, January – March 2009: 7- 11. (WHO and AIIMS: www.indian journals.com)
[2]. Bang AT, Bang RA, Bactule SB, Reddy HM, Deshmukh MD. Effect of home – based neonatal care and management of sepsis on
neonatal mortality: field trial in rural India. Lancet 1999; 354:1955-61.
[3]. Report from World Bank, www.data.worldbank.org, www.censusindia.gov.in.
[4]. Roberts I, Stanworth S, Murray NA, Thrombocypenia in the neonate, Blood Rev. E pub 2008 Jul; 22(4): 173-86.
[5]. Report of the National Neonatal Perinatal Database (National Neonatology Forum) 2002-2003.
[6]. Takkar VP, Bhakoo ON, Narang A. Scoring system for the prediction of early neonatal infections. Indian Pediatr. 1974; 11:597-
600.

Abstract: Generally coarctation of aorta causes left ventricular dilatation which leads to systolic murmur of mitral regurgitation but in our case of coarctation of aorta the patient had submitral aneurysm as a cause of mitral regurgitation. As such coactation of aorta and submitral aneurysm rarely coexist.

Keywords: Submitral aneurysm, coactation of aorta.

[1]. Normann, S.J. Annular subaortic aneurysm resulting in sudden death, Clin Cardiol 14 (1991),pp. 68–72.
[2]. Chesler, E., Mitha, A.S. and Edwards, J.E. Congenital aneurysms adjacent to the annuli ofthe aortic and/or mitral valves, Chest 82 (1982), pp. 334–337.
[3]. Inoue, Y., Kiso, I., Takahashi, R., Mori, A. and Nakajima, H. Aortic subannular left ventricularaneurysm in a patient of Asian ancestry, JJTCVS 49 (2001), pp. 325–326.
[4]. Deshpande, J., Vaideeswar, P. and Sivaraman, A. Subvalvular left ventricular aneurysms,Cardiovasc Pathol 9 (2000), pp. 267–271.
[5]. Muller, H., Cikirikcoglu, M. and Lerch, R. Subaortic aneurysm caused by Paecilomyceslilacinus endocarditis, Arch Cardiovas Dis 101 (2008), pp. 803–804.
[6]. Du Toit, H.J., Von Oppell, U.O., Hewiston, J., Lawrenson, J. and Davies, J. Left ventricularsub-valvar mitral aneurysms, Interact Cardiov Thorac Surg 2 (2003), pp. 547–551
[7]. Kamble, M.S. and Kamat, S.V. Subaortic aneurysm in a case of aortic coarctation: casereport, Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 15 (1992), pp. 189–191.

Abstract: Introduction: The squamous part of the occipital bone consists of an upper membranous or interparietal part and a lower cartilaginous or suboccipital part. Controversy exists regarding the ossification of these two parts. Failure of fusion of ossification centers gives rise to various anomalies of the interparietal bone. Aims & Objects: To study the human dry skulls for the presence of the interparietal bones and to note its incidence. Materials & Methods: 74 dry adult human skulls were collected from the Departments of Anatomy, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal and J.N. Institute of Medical Sciences (JNIMS), Imphal, Manipur and examined for the presence of interparietal bones, incidence was noted, photographs taken and compared with previous observations.

[1]. Soames RW. Skeletal system. In: Williams PL, Bannister LH, Berry MM, Collins P, Dyson M, Dussek JE, et al, editors. Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of medicine and surgery. 38th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1995. P. 425-736.
[2]. Sinnatamy CS. Last's anatomy: regional and applied. 12th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2011.
[3]. Srivastava HC. Development of ossification centres in the squamous portion of the occipital bone in man. J Anat 1977;124(3):643-9.
[4]. Shah MP, Desai SG, Gupta S. A study of interparietal bone in 105 human skulls of Gujrat population. GCSMC J Med Sci 2014;3(1):28-30.
[5]. Marathe RR, Yogesh AS, Pandit SV, Joshi M, Trivedi GN. Inca-interparietal bones in neurocranium of human skulls in central India. J Neuro Sci Rur Pract 2010;1(1):14-6.
[6]. Badkur DS, Sharma V, Badkur P. Medicolegal importance of inca bones in forensic identification. J Ind Acad Forensic Med. 2011;33(4):358-60.

Abstract: Incisional hernia is a hernia that protrudes through a defect in a previous abdominal wound, and is one of the complications after abdominal surgery. Many risk factors seem to be associated with its development, and there are different treatment modalities from conservative management to operative repair whether open or laparoscopic. Objective: To assess the relation between the type of surgical abdominal incision, and the occurrence of incisional hernia..

[1]. Johnson C, Taylor I. Minimally invasive abdominal wall hernia repair, ventral hernia repair. Recent advances in surgery 27, 2004; 37.
[2]. Grace P, Darzi A, Borley N, Rowley D. Disorders of the abdominal wall. Clinical surgery, second edition, Alfred Cuschieri, 2003; 273.
[3]. Zinner MJ, Ashley SW. Maginot's abdominal operations. Eleventh ed. 2007; 133-134.
[4]. Bregtd K, Jone M. Repair for Incisional and ventral hernias. Br J Surg 2011; 668: 672.
[5]. Norman S., Williams Christopher J.K. & P. Ronan O'Connell. Bailey and loves. Short practice of surgery, Abdominal- Incisional hernia: twenty fifth edition. 2008; 988.

Abstract: Inhaled Foreign body remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality especially in young Children. The treatment of choice is prompt diagnosis and removal with maximum safety and minimum trauma. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is the technique that is helpful in diagnosis of foreign bodies in suspected cases that is missed by other modalities. Aim: To established the role of HRCT in diagnosis of foreign bodies in suspected cases. Material and methods: 60 patients with symptoms of respiratory distress, stridor, and history of chocking were recruited between November 2011-12 and investigated by history, clinical examination, chest X-ray, High Resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest. All patients underwent virtual bronchoscopy for confirmation and removal .

[1]. Robinson PJ.Laryngeal foreign bodies in children:First stop before the right main bronchus.J.Paediatr.Child Health 2003;39:477-79
[2]. Brain C. Spector. Endoscopy and removal of foreign bodies: Current opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck surgery; 6: 416-20.
[3]. Dunn GR, Wardrop P, Lo S, Cowan DL. Management of suspected foreign body aspiration in children. ClinOtolaryngol Allied Sci 2002; 27:384-86.
[4]. Hammer J. Acquired upper airway obstruction.Paediatric respiratory reviews 2004; 5:23-33.
[5]. Khan MF, Herzog C, Ackermann H et al (2004) Virtual endoscopy of the tracheo-bronchial system: sub-millimeter collimation with the 16- row multidetectorscanner. EurRadiol 14:1400– 5
[6]. Tan HKK, Brown K, McGill T, Kenna MA, Lund DP, Healy GB. Airway foreign bodies (FB): a 10- year review. Int J PediatrOtorhinolaryngol 2000; 56:91 –9

Abstract: Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major global cause of acute illness, infertility, long term disability and death, with severe medical and psychological consequences for millions of men, women and infants.1.Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections shows variations from country to country and in different settings. There were many reports about upsurge of syphilis after 2005 more so in MSMs and in association with HIV was also increasingly observed..

[1]. Global Prevalence and Incidence of Selected curable Sexually Transmitted Infections World Health Organization 2001
[2]. Global strategies for the prevention and control of Sexually transmitted infections 2006-2015 Geneva World Health Organization,2007 reproductive health/publications/rtis/9789241563475/Accessed 15th May/2014
[3]. Instituto de Salud Carlos III VigilanciaEpidemiológica de lasInfecciones de Transmisión Sexual, 1995–2008. http://www.isciii.es/htdocs/pdf/its.pdf (accessed 15 Jul 2010). [4]. Jin F, Prestage GP, Kippax SC. Syphilis epidemic among homosexually active men in Sydney. Med J Aust 2005;183:179–83 [PubMed] [5]. Peterman TA, Furness BW. The resurgence of syphilis among men who have sex with men. CurrOpin Infect Dis 2007;20:54–9 [PubMed] [6]. Peterman TA, Heffeldinger JD, Swint EB, et al. The changing epidemiology of syphilis. Sex Transm Dis2005;32:S4–10 [PubMed] [7]. Marcus U, Bremer V, Hamouda O. Syphilis surveillance and trends of the epidemic in Germany since the mid 90's. Euro Surveil 2004;9:11–14 [PubMed]

Abstract: Jejuno-jejunal intussusception is a rare complication of feeding jejunostomy. We are reporting a case of 55-year-old woman who presented with loose stools, vomiting and upper abdominal pain one month after a total gastrectomy and Witzel's feeding jejunostomy (FJ) for gastric malignancy. Ultrasonogram of abdomen on admission was normal. A gastrograffin study was done 2 days later since the patient did not respond to conservative management. It showed features suggestive of jejuno-jejunal intussusception. Computed tomography scan of abdomen confirmed the presence of small bowel intussusception. Emergency laparotomy revealed Jejuno-jejunal intussusception with the FJ tube as the lead point. Since complete reduction was not possible, resection of the intussuscepted segment of jejunum including the feeding jejunostomy entry site was performed. Intussusception should be considered in patients with abdominal pain and vomiting following FJ as an adjunct to any procedure.

Keywords: jejunostomy, intussusception, resection..

[1]. Gaurav M and Namrata M. "Jejunojejunal Intussusception after Feeding Jejunostomy: Rare Complication of a Common Surgery." JMED Research Vol. 2014, (2014), Article ID 483746, DOI: 10.5171/2014.483746
[2]. Agha F P. Intussusception in Adults. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1986 Mar;146(3):527-31.
[3]. Krishna S, Prabhu R, Thangavelu S and Shenoy R. Jejuno-Jejunal intusussception: An Unusual Complication of Feeding Jejunostomy. BMJ Case Rep 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2013-200219
[4]. Carucci L R, Levine M S, Rubesin S E, Laufer I, Assad S and Herlinger H. Evaluation of Patients with Jejunostomy Tubes: Imaging Findings. Radiology. 2002 Apr;223(1):241-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2231010961
[5]. Cataldi-Betcher E L, Seltzer M H, Slocum B A and Jones K W. Complications Occurring During Enteral Nutrition Support: A Prospective Study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1983 Nov-Dec;7(6):546-52.
[6]. Cogen R, Weinryb J, Pomerantz C and Fenstemacher P. Complications of Jejunostomy Tube Feedings in Nursing facility Patients. Am J Gastroenterol. 1991 Nov;86(11):1610-3.

Abstract: The Aim of this study is to detect the presence of plasmodium species in whole blood and antibodies in the serum among pregnant women attending antenatal care in specialist Hospital Sokoto in North Western Nigeria. 5mls of blood samples were collected by vein puncture from three hundred (300) pregnant Women, thin and thick films were made and stained using Giemsa stain for the detection of the ring trophozoite and gametocytes of plasmodium species and parasites were observed microscopically on the films. Then the blood samples were centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 15 minutes and the sera were used for the detection of antibodies using malaria rapid diagnostic kits (ACONS Diagnostic Company USA). Personal data were collected using questionnaires. The results were analyzed statistically using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS)..

[1] Bruce, M.C., Macheso, A., Galinski, M.R., Barnwell, J.W: (2006). "Characterization and application of multiple genetic markers for Plasmodium malariae".Parasitology 134(5): 637–650.
[2] Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH): (2010) National diagnosis and treatment policy. Abuja –Nigeria: Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria, National Malaria and Vector Control Division.

[3] Miller, L. H., Baruch D. I., Marsh K., Doumbo O. K: (2002). The pathogenic basis of malaria sci; 45:673–679.

[4] Ministryof Health: (2001). The burden of malaria in Uganda: why all should join hands in the fight against malaria MOH-MLA-12.

[5] Nduka, F. O., Egbu, A., Okafor, C., Nwaugo, V. O: (2006). Prevalence of malaria parasites and anaemia in pregnant and non – pregnant women in Aba and Okigwe towns of Southeast Nigeria.Ani Res Int; 3 (3):508–512.

Abstract: For successful endodontic therapy thorough knowledge of root canal morphology is essential. There are rare variations in canal number and configuration in maxillary molars, which could affect treatment outcome but possibilities should always be considered. This paper presents the endodontic management of a maxillary molar with two palatal canals which was successfully treated with root canal. This paper is intended to reinforce clinician's awareness of the rare. Morphology of root canals. Keywords: abnormal morphology, root canal treatment, maxillary molars.

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[4]. Weine FS, Endodontic therapy. 6th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2004 109-10.
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[6]. Benenati FW. Maxillary second molar with two palatal canals and a palatagingival groove. J Endod 1985; 11(7): 308-10.
[7]. Cleghorn BM, Christie WH, Dong CCS. Root and root canal morphology of the human permanent maxillary first molar: a literature review. J Endod 2006;32:813-21