iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-11 ~ November-2015

Abstract: Background: Pseudocyesis is a clinical syndrome in which a non-pregnant woman manifests with a firm belief of being pregnant in association with the symptoms and signs that mimic the experience of being pregnant. Case Presentation: Here we are presenting a 45 year old lady presenting initially with pseudocyesis who after sometime following a gynaecological manuever developed somatic delusion. The case was managed successfully with Tablet Risperidone

[1]. Munro A. Delusional disorders. Br J Psychiatry 1988;153:44–6.
[2]. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Kaplan and Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2003.
[3]. Brockington I. Obstetric and gynaecological conditions associated with psychiatric disorder. In: Gelder MG, Lopez-Ibor JJ, Andreasen N, editors.New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, vol 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press;2000. p. 1195-209.
[4]. Barglow P, Brown E. Pseudocyesis. In: Howells JG, editor. Modern perspectives in psycho-obstetrics. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd; 1972. p.53-67.
[5]. Small GW. Pseudocyesis: An overview. Can J Psychiatry 1986;143:452 -7
[6]. Paulman PM, Sadat A. Pseudocyesis. J Fam Pract 1990;30:575-82.
[7]. Koic E, Muzinic L, Djordjevic V, Vondracek S, Molnar S. Pseudocyesis and couvade syndrome. Drustvena Istrazivanja 2002;11:1031-47.

Abstract: Background: Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, primarily affecting the skin and peripheral nerves. A long course of the disease coupled with stigmata attached to it often create grave socio-economic problems. In December, 2005, India announced elimination of leprosy as public health problem at national level under the National Leprosy Eradication Programme. But still more number of new cases are still being registered in India . Increased number of new cases were deteced during the year 2011 – 2012 as compared to 2010 – 2011.So a study was conducted on the clinical profile of newly diagnosed leprosy cases and patients already diagnosed and on treatment,in this post leprosy elimination era.

[1]. W.H.Jopling. Hand book of leprosy . 5th edition.1996.pp1,4
[2]. Anthony D.M.Bryceson.Leprosy,3rd edition.pp 1,2
[3]. Hemanth kumar Kar.IAL Text book of leprosy2010,.p28-30,145-150,357
[4]. SantaramV, PorichhaD.Reaction cases treated at the regional leprosy training and research institute. Indian J Lepr 2004;76(4):310-320
[5]. Samuel et al. MDT of leprosy-practical application in Nepal. Lepr Rev 1984;55:265-272
[6]. Singh et al. Participation level of the leprosy patients in society.Indian J Lepr 2009;81:181-187
[7]. Nagabhushanam P.Gross deformities in leprosy. Indian J Dermat & Vener 1967;33:70-72

Abstract: Segmental fractures of the forearm, unlike other bones, are encountered only rarely, hence creating various dilemmas in their treatment aspect. In our study, we have managed 11 patients with 12 segmental forearm fractures, utilising various combinations of treatments including conservative management. Nine forearms underwent plating alone, 2 forearms underwent plating and elastic nailing and 1 was treated with elastic nails alone. The outcome was analysed based on union, ROM and grip strength. Early union and better functional outcome was observed in patients operated with plate alone. Nailing does not provide rotational stability but can be used in selected patients (like compound fractures). External fixation has not been used in our study.

Keywords- forearm, fracture, radius, segmental, ulna

1] Kapoutsis, D., Ziogas, M., Lachanas, I., Gartsioudis, K., Zagas, I., & Karliaftis, K. (1997). Complex Segmental Fractures of the Radius and Ulna without Associated Dislocation or Ligamentous Injury: A Case Report. National Boards, 89, 44. [2] Compression-plate fixation of acute fractures of the diaphyses of the radius and ulna J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 71:159-169, 1989.MW Chapman, JE Gordon and AG Zissimos [3] Hamilton, G. F., McDonald, C., & Chenier, T. C. (1992). Measurement of grip strength: validity and reliability of the sphygmomanometer and jamar grip dynamometer. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 16(5), 215-219 [4] Kumar, P., Shrestha, D., & Bajracharya, S. (2006). Replacement of an extruded segment of radius after autoclaving and sterilising with gentamicin. Journal of Hand Surgery (British and European Volume), 31(6), 616-618.

Abstract: Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases of mankind. Because of effective control measures abdominal tuberculosis has become rare but still prevalent. The twin disaster of dual infection with HIV resulted in the resurgence of tuberculosis. The objective of this study is to know the various modes of presentation, different modalities of diagnosis especially laparoscopy, treatment and prognosis in our set up. The study population consisted of 72 patients who were diagnosed to have abdominal tuberculosis proven by either histopathology (93%) or mycobacteriology (7%). The study included peritoneal Tuberculosis (51.4%), intestinal Tuberculosis (48.7%) and lymph nodal Tuberculosis (18.1%).Diagnostic Laparoscopy and biopsy (29.2%) was the most common mode of diagnosis.

[1]. Vij JC, Malhotra V, Choudhary V, et al. Aclinicopathological study of abdominal tuberculosis. Indian J Tuberculosis 1992; 39:213-20.
[2]. Sharma MP, Bhatia V. Abdominal tuberculosis. Indian J Med Res 2004;120:305-15
[3]. Ramesh C Bharti, et al. Pattern of surgical emergencies of tubercular abdomen in IGMC, Shimla- An experience of ten years. IJS, 1996 Jul-Aug;213-17
[4]. Wig KL, Chitkara NK, Gupta SP, et al. Ileoceacal tuberculosis with particular reference to isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1961;84:169-78

Abstract: Pressor response to direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation is a very important issue in pre- eclamptic patients, so the study was taken in our Obstetric Anesthesia Department to compare the efficacies of continuous intravenous infusion of nitroglycerine, sublingual nifedipine and intravenous hydralazine in attenuating the pressor response to direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in patients with severe pre-eclampsia undergoing cesarean section under general anesthesia.

[1]. Hodgkinson R., Husain FJ.&Hayashi RH. Systemic and pulmonary blood pressure during cesarean section in parturients with gestational hypertension. Can. Anaesth Soc. J.1980;27(4)389-94
[2]. Connell H., Dalgleish JG., Downing JW. General anesthesia in mothers with severe preeclampsia. British J. Anesthesia.1987; 59 (11):1375-80.
[3]. Evans CS., Gooch I., Flotta D., et al. Cardiovascular system during the post-partum state in women with a history of preeclampsia. Hypertension.2011;58(1):57-62.
[4]. Kronborg CS., Gjedsted j.,Vittinghus E., et al. Longitudinal measurement of cytokines in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancies. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2011;90(7): 791-796.
[5]. Lawes EG., Downing TW., Duncan PW. et al. Fentanyl-droperidol supplementation of rapid sequence induction in the presence of severe pregnancy-induced and pregnancy-aggravated hypertension. British J. Anesthesia.1987;59(11):1381-1391.
[6]. Magee LA., Abalos E., Dadelszen P et al. How to manage hypertension in pregnancy effectively. British J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2011;72(3):394-401.

Abstract: Surgical removal of congenital orbital dermoids without any surgical complications like optic nerve compression, lagophthalmos, damage to extra ocular muscles and orbital contents and prevention of ischaemia to the globe.
• In our study we operated 6 cases with cosmetically acceptable appearance without any above dreaded complications.

[1]. kanski 7th edition page no- 468-470.
[2]. AK.khurana- Page no 404
[3]. surgical atlas of orbital diseases-subrahamanyan.m page no-200
[4]. internet-eyewiki
[5]. parsons diseases of the eye-22nd edition.page no-492
[6]. Orbit volume -1 pg.no. 393-397
[7]. Albert & Jackobeic , 2nd edition, pg.no. 4436,4437
[8]. Gholam A.Peyman , volume-3,edition-3, 2210-2212.

Abstract: Background: Primary ovarian pregnancy is a rare entity, constituting about 0.5% to 1% of all ectopic pregnancies. Methods and results: We present a case of right ovarian ectopic pregnancy in a 23 year old female, who was admitted with the complaint of amenorrhoea for one month, pain abdomen, bleeding per vaginum in Gynaecology ward, RIMS, Imphal, Manipur. The laparoscopic suspicion of right ovarian ectopic pregnancy was finally confirmed by histopathologic evidence of the presence of degenerated chorionic villi in a background of ovarian tissue.

[1]. Kraemer B, Kraemer E, Guengoer E, Juhasz-Boess I, Solomayer EF, Wallwiener D et al. Ovarian ectopic pregnancy: diagnosis, treatment, correlation to Carnegie stage 16 and review based on a clinical case. Fertil Steril 2009;92(1):13-5.
[2]. Sharma B, Preston J, Olibo N. Ovarian pregnancy: an unusual presentation of an uncommon condition. J Obset Gynecol 2002;22(5):565-6.
[3]. Itil IM, Ozcan O, Terek MC, Aygul S. Primary ovarian pregnancy: a case report and review of literature. Ege Tip Dergisi 2004;43(2):113-5.
[4]. Roy J, Sinha Babu A. Ovarian pregnancy: Two case reports. Australas Med J 2013;6(8):406-14.
[5]. Panda S, Darlong LM, Singh S, Borah T. Case report of a primary ovarian pregnancy in a primigravida. J Hum Reprod Sci 2009;2(2):90-2.
[6]. Kaur H, Shashikala T, Bharath M, Shetty N, Rao KA. Ovarian ectopic pregnancy following assisted reproductive techniques: a rare entity. IJIFM 2011;2(1):37-9.

Abstract: Yagyapathy is an Indian system of medicine is being used to cure a number of physiological and pathological disorders in human beings since ages. The disorder includes a range of acute to chronic illness of all age group in both the genders. The recommended process of Yagyapathy is known to have no adverse effect on the human beings and environment, rather used as environmental purification system in Hinduism family. Yagyapathy is a complete poly-herbal burning process to treat the different disease in Ayurveda. This system has been widely accepted by the regulatory agencies across the globe including WHO and other health education system etc. The aerosol generated through Yagyapathy contains the volatile poly-phenols, alkaloids, terpins, saponins,oil fragrance etc.

[1]. Ling Chew Yik.,Wan Chan Elaine, Tan Pei Ling, Linn Yau Yan, Stanlas Johnson, Kheng Goh Joo. Assessment of phytochemical content, poly phenolic composition, antioxidant and anti-bacterial activities of leguminosae medicinal plant in peninsular Malaysia, BMC complement Altern. Med. 11, 2011,12.
[2]. S M Karandikar, V A Pandit & S D Kulkarni, Pharmaco-epidermiological study of use of herbal medicine in elderly Pune, Bharati vidyapeeth Bull. 1, 1997,9.
[3]. A Subramaniam. The problems and prospects of plant drug research in India: Pharmacological evaluation of ecotypes in herbal drug development. Indian J Pharmacol, 33, 2001,145.
[4]. A D Bhatt& N S Bhatt. Indigenous drugs and liver disease. Indian J Gastroenterol. 15, 1996, 63.
[5]. S Pandey, V R Gujrati, K Shankar, N Singh, & B N Dhawan. Hepato protective effect of Liv 52 against CCl4 induced lipid peroxidation in liver of rats. Indian J Exp. Biol., 32, 1994,674.
[6]. M Kataria & L N Singh. Hepato protective effect of Liv 52 and Kumuryasava on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage in rats. Indian J Exp. Biol., 35, 1997,655. M Manikam, M Ramanathan, M Ajahromi, et al. Anti-hyperglycemic activity of phenolics from petrocarpus marsupium. J. Nat. Prod. 60,1997,609.

Abstract: Introduction: Among 12-23 months children in India 61% are fully immunised and in the combined state of AndhraPradesh and Telangana it is 68%(coverage survey 2009).There are various reasons for partial and non immunization on the supply side as well as demand side .Parents still do not view immunization as a right and the demand for immunization services is lacking. Hence this study was done to evaluate the factors influencing immunization coverage in children between 12- 23 months of age in and around Hyderabad.

[1]. Kleigman, Behrman, Jenson, Stanton ;Nelson textbook of paediatrics;18th Edition;pg-1058
[2]. World Health Organisation ; Global Burden of Disease 2008 update ; Data as of June 2010
[3]. National fact sheet 2009 coverage evaluation survey.
[4]. UNICEF survey on Immunization coverage in India (2009)
[5]. UNICEF survey on Immunization coverage in Andhra Pradesh (2009)
[6]. District level Household and Family Survey (DLHS 2007-2008); International Institute of population sciences and Ministry of health and family welfare; 2010

Abstract: The global obesity epidemic has raised concerns about the risk of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in childhood. The purpose of this study to compare motor performance and cardiorespiratory function in children and adolescences with type 2 diabetes against an age-matched control group.

[1]. Sperling M. Diabetes mellitus. In: Waldo N, eds. Nelson textbook of paediatrics. W.B.Saunders Company, 1996:1647.
[2]. World Health Organization. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1999.
[3]. Temple I., Shield J. Transient neonatal diabetes, a disorder of imprinting. J Med Genet 2002; 39:872–5.
[4]. Basma A. Ali, Samir T. Abdallah, Ahlam M. Abdallah, Mahmoud M. Hussein. The Frequency of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Diabetic Children in El Minia Governorate, Egypt. Sultan Qaboos University Med J, 2013; 13( 3): 399-403.
[5]. Hannon T., Rao G., Arslanian S. Childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pediatrics. 2005 Aug; 116(2):473-80.
[6]. Kaufman F. Type 2 diabetes in children and youth: A new epidemic. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2002; 15:737–744.
[7]. Caprio S., Tamborlane W. Metabolic impact of obesity in childhood. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1999; 28:731–747.

Abstract: To analyze the clinico-epidemiologic profile of patients diagnosed with benign vocal cord lesions. It was a Prospective, single institution-based study. Patients with hoarseness of voice presenting the otolaryngology out-patients' department of a government tertiary-care hospital from March 20012 to June 2013 were evaluated by indirect laryngoscopy, fiber-optic laryngoscopy and direct laryngoscopy followed by biopsy. Only those patients with benign vocal cord lesions, fifty in number, were selected. A clinical and epidemiologic profile was made from the data obtained from these patients. Vocal polyps were the commonest type of benign vocal cord lesions, followed by vocal nodules.

1]. Damste PH (1997): Disorders of voice, Scott-Brown's Otolaryngology. 6th ed. Editor-Alan Kerr. Vol.5, Ch 6. Butter Heinmann
[2]. Epstein S.S, Winston P, Freidmann I, Ormerod FC. The vocal cord polyp. J Laryngol Otol 1957; 71: 673-88
[3]. Kleinsasser O. (1991): Microlaryngoscopy and Endolaryngeal Microsurgery.W.B.Saunders,Philadelphia.3rd ed
[4]. Kambic V, Radsel Z, Zargi M, Acko M. Vocal cord polyps – Incidence, histology and pathogenesis. J Laryngol Otol 1981; 95: 609-18
[5]. Chopra H et al. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997; 49: 276-9.
[6]. Erich JB. Benign Tumors of Larynx -A Study of 722 cases
[7]. Salmon LFW. (1979) Chronic Laryngitis. Scott- Brown's Diseases of the Ear, Nose & Throat. Editors- Ballentyne & Groves. 4th ed. Vol.4 Pg 381-420. Butterworth Heinmann
[8]. Kleinsesser O. Pathogenesis of vocal cord polyps. Annals of Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1982; 91: 378-81
[9]. Snow JB (Jr). Surgical Therapy Therapy For Vocal Dysfunction. Otolaryngol Clin North Amer 1984; 17: 91-97

Abstract: Aim: In most countries the age of 18 years represents a threshold of majority. From the legal point of view, to be able to treat a person as a minor or an adult, it is necessary to determine whether an individual has reached this limit. The aim of this study was to answer the question whether the development of wisdom teeth can provide information on age estimation of an individual for medicolegal purposes. Material and Method: Our study evaluated a set of 1542 digital panoramic images in order to assess the mineralization status of upper and lower right third molars of Czech males and females aged between 14 – 25 years. The evaluation was carried out by using the eight grade system of Demirjian et al. For each developmental stage, the probability of an individual to be at least 18 years old was evaluated. Data were calculated by using statistical tools in order to provide predictive values.

[1] A.Schmeling, H. J. Kaatsch, B. Marré, W. Reisinger, T. Riepert, S. Ritz-Timme, F.W. Rösing, K. Rötzscher, G. Geserick, Empfehlungen für die Altersdiagnostik bei Lebenden im Strafverfahren, Rechtsmedizin, 11(1) , 2001, 1–3.

[2] J. Thorson, U. Hagg, The accuracy and precision of the third mandibular molar as an indicator of chronological age, Swedish dental journal, 15(1), 1991, 15–22.

[3] A. Demisch, P. Wartmann, Calcification of the mandibular third molar and its relation to skeletal and chronological age in children, Child development, 27(4), 1956, 459–473.

[4] R. Nykanen, L. Espeland, S. I Kvaal, O. Krogstad, Validity of Demirjian method for dental age estimation when applied to Norwegian children, Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 56(4), 1998, 238-244. [5] A. B. Lewis, S. M. Garn, The relationship between tooth formation and other maturational factors, The Angle Orthodontist, 30(2), 1960, 70-77.

Abstract: Objective: This study was carried out to assess the oral hygiene knowledge, behaviour and attitude among a sample of Kurdish people in Sulaimani governorate. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among the patients visiting the Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Sulaimai.A total of 500 patients were selected using random sampling technique. A self-constructed questionnaire including 16 multiple choice questions was presented to them. The data analyzed using Responses SPSS statistical software.

[1]. Kassak KM, Dagher R, Doughan B. Oral hygiene and lifestyle correlates among new undergraduate university students in Lebanon. J Am Coll Health 2001; 50(1):15-20.
[2]. Chen MS. Children's preventive dental behaviour in relation to their mother's socioeconomic status, health beliefs, and dental behaviours. J. Dent Child.1986; 53:105-09.
[3]. Wright FA. Children's perception of vulnerability to illness and dental disease. Comm Dent and Oral Epid. 1982; 10:29-32.
[4]. Steptoe A, Wardle J, Vinck J, Tuomisto M, Holte A & Wichstrom L. Personality and attitudinal correlates of healthy and unhealthy lifestyles in young adults. Psychology and Health. 1994; 9:331-43.
[5]. K. Park. Park's Textbook of preventive and social medicine.18th edition. BanarsidasBhanot Publishers, (2005) 1-2.
[6]. Freeman R, Maizels J, Wyllie M,Sheiham A. The relationship between health related knowledge, attitude and dental health behaviours in 14-16 years old adolescents. Community Dental Health. 1993; 10:397-404.
[7]. Kawamura M, Sasahara H, Kawabata K, et al. Relationship between CPITN and oral health behaviour in Japanese adults. J Aust Dent. 1993; 38:381-8.

Abstract: Isolated duodenal rupture following blunt abdominal trauma is extremely rare , and hence liable to be missed. Even when the diagnosis is suspected , a "wait and see" approach may delay the diagnosis and management. Morbidity increases due to ongoing leak of duodenal content from the perforation. This may require more complex procedures for successful repair. The case of a young traumatised patient with isolated duodenal rupture is presented to highlight these issues.

keywords : Blunt trauma, diagnostic dilemma, isolated duodenal rupture, serosal patch, tube decompression

[1]. S Pandey , A Niranjan ,S Mishra et al. Retrospective Analysis of Duodenal Injuries: A Comprehensive Overview , The Saudi J Gastroenterol 17(2),2011 142-4
[2]. EG Santos,AS Sanchez, JM Verde et al, Duodenal Injuries due to Trauma: Review of the Literature, Cir Esp. 93(2),2015 68-74
[3]. M Jansen, DF DuToit, BL Warren,Duodenal Injuries:surgical management adapted to circumstances. Injury 33 ,2002 611-5
[4]. E Degiannis,K Boffard, Duodenal Injuries, Br J Surg 87,2000 1473-9
[5]. JF Fang, RJ Chen, BC Lin, Surgical treatment and outcome after delayed diagnosis of blunt duodenal injury Eur J Surg 165 ,1999 ,133-9
[6]. GS Allen,FA Moore, CS Cox et al, Delayed diagnosis of blunt duodenal injury:An avoidable complication.J Am Coll Surg 187 1998, 393-9

Abstract: Although the treatment and incidence of malaria have been well documented, the biochemical markers for its severity have not been well studied and limited data is available from this part of the world.Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) level increase in Plasmodium vivax malaria(PVM) has been established in many previous studies

[1]. Boeuf PS, Loizon S, Awandare GA, Tetteh JK, Addae MM, Adjei GO, et al. Insights into deregulated TNF and IL-10 production in malaria: implications for understanding severe malarial anaemia. Malaria J 2012; 11:253.
[2]. Kinra P, Dutta V. Serum TNF alpha levels: a prognostic marker for assessment of severity of malaria.Trop Biomed. 2013 Dec; 30(4):645-53.
[3]. Karunaweera ND, Wijesekera SK, Wanasekera D, Mendis KN, Carter R The paroxysm of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Trends Parasitol 19: 2003 19: 188–193.
[4]. May J, Lell B, Luty AJ, Meyer CG, Kremsner PG. Plasma interleukin-10:Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha ratio is associated with TNF promoter variants and predicts malarial complications. J Infect Dis 2000 Nov; 182(5):1570-3.
[5]. Thuma PE, van Dijk J, Bucala R, Debebe Z, Nekhai S, Kuddo T, Nouraie M, Weiss G, Gordeuk VR. Distinct clinical and immunologic profiles in severe malarial anemia and cerebral malaria in Zambia. J Infect Dis 2011; 203:211-219.
[6]. Thévenon AD, Zhou JA, Megnekou R, Ako S, Leke RG, Taylor DW. Elevated levels of soluble TNF receptors 1 and 2 correlate with Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia in pregnant women: potential markers for malaria-associated inflammation. J Immunol. 2010 Dec 1; 185(11):7115-22.

Abstract: With increasing life expectancy, increasing awareness and better health services lesions of prostate has become a common specimen received for diagnostic of both benign and malignant lesions which may have a very similar presentation but their management and prognosis is quite different. Most important investigation is the biopsy of the prostate. A visual of features of the lesion gives best diagnosis. 122 prostate specimens were studied over a period of 21 months and revealed most common lesion to be benign prostatic hyperplasia routinely diagnosed on the commonest type of specimens obtained that were transuretheral resection of prostate (TURP) with peak age of occurrence in 6th decade of life. Adenocarcinoma cases of Gleason grade 4 were common also in same age range. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions present a diagnostic challenge due to them being a known precursor lesion of prostatic carcinoma. Histopathological diagnosis and grading plays a definitive role in the management of prostatic cancer. Keywords: prostate, benign hyperplasia of prostate, adenocarcinoma, Gleason grade, HGPIN

[1]. "Chemical composition of human semen and of the secretions of the prostate and seminal vehicles". Am J Physiol 136 (3): 467–473. 1942.
[2]. Thompson IM, Pauler DK, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, Lucia MS, Parnes HL, Minasian LM, Ford LG, Lippman SM, Crawford ED, Crowley JJ, Coltman CA (May 2004). "Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level < or =4.0 ng per milliliter". The New England Journal of Medicine 350 (22): 2239–46.
[3]. Crawford ED, Schutz MJ, Clejan S, Drago J, Resnick MI, Chodak GW, Gomella LG, Austenfeld M, Stone NN, Miles BJ (1992). "The effect of digital rectal examination on prostate-specific antigen levels". Jama 267 (16): 2227–8.
[4]. Epstein JI, Allsbrook WCJr, Amin MB, Egevad LL. The 2005 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Gleason Grading of Prostatic Carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2005; 29(9):1228-1242.

Abstract: The major site of extranodal Non Hodgkin lymphoma is the gastrointestinal tract. Involvement of the large intestine is rare in comparison to the stomach or small bowel.The colon is affected in only approximately 0.4% of cases. Complaints are nonspecific, requiring a high index ofsuspicion in order to establish the diagnosis. Here we report a case of a 38 year male who presented to the surgical out patient department with pain and mass per abdomen of 2 months duration and diagnosed as Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) of the caecum on histopathology. Keywords: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, extranodal, caecum, DLBCL.

[1]. Diseases of White Blood Cells, Lymph Nodes, Spleen and Thymus. In: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC (eds.) Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. Vol 1, 9th edition. India: Reed Elsevier; 2014. p. 579-628
[2]. Stanojevic GZ, Nestorovic MD, Brankovic BR, Stojanovic MP, Jovanovic MM, Radojkovic MD. Primary colorectal lymphoma: An overview. World J GastrointestOncol2011; 3(1): 14-18
[3]. Kumar KM, Indira V, Reddy CK, Swetha K, Vujhini SK. Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Caecum in A Non-HIV Patient - A Rare Occurrence: Case Report. Sch. Acad. J. Biosci., 2014; 2(9): 613-617
[4]. Bairey O, Ruchlemer R, Shpilberg O. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas of the Colon. IMAJ 2006;8:832–835
[5]. Gavriilidis P, Christoforidou B, Michalopoulou I, Nikolaidou A. Primary ileocaecal B cell non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL): a rare underlying cause of right iliac fossa pain. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [June 2013 ] doi:10.1136/bcr-2013-009052
[6]. Richards MA. Lymphoma of the colon and rectum. Postgrad Med J, 1986 Jul; 62(729): 615-620
[7]. Jayabackthan L, Murgi SB, Graham S, Kini RG. A rare case of primary lymphoma of the caecum presenting as intussusception. J Lab Physicians 2013; 5:118-20

Abstract: Colon cancer is cancer of the large intestine (colon), the lower part of digestive system. Rectal cancer is cancer of the last several inches of the colon. Together, they're often referred to as colorectal cancers. In spite of modern treatment modalities; it is a major cause of mortality and morbidity till date. Despite a wealth of knowledge in the field of genetics and molecular biology of colorectal cancer, there is a paucity of information with respect to symptomatology.

[1]. Department of Health. Referral guidelines for suspected cancer. London: Department of Health, Health Service Circular; Nov 1999. pp. 1–19. HSC 1999/241.
[2]. The Royal College of Surgeons of England. Guidelines for the management of colorectal cancer. London: RCSE; 1996.
[3]. Selvachandran SN, Hodder R, Ballal M, Jones P, Cade D. Prediction of colorectal cancer by a patient consultation questionnaire and scoring system: a prospective study. Lancet. 2002;360:278–83.
[4]. Thompson M. Earlier symptomatic diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Colonews. 1999;8:3.
[5]. Fraser Sir John.malignant disease of large bowel. B.J.S 1938; 25:647-648
[6]. Ponz-de Leon et al.Evidence for existence of different type of large bowel tumor.Suggestion from clinical data of population based registry. J Surg Oncol.1990;44:35-43

Abstract: Occupational stress can lead to one's physical or mental state in response to workplace that pose a challenge to that employee. Causes of occupational stress include environments, organizational climate, and a conflict arises from the job demands of the employees. Physical symptoms of stress include fatigue, increased blood pressure, rapid heart rate,dizziness, headaches, jawpain, backpain, inability to concentrate and confusion, immunosuppression and chronic pain. Psychologic disorders may lead to poor work performance, higher absenteeism, less work productivity even injury.

[1]. Colligan TW.Colligan MSW,Higgins M.Workplace Stress Etiology and Consequences.J workplace Behavirol Health.2006;21(2):89-97.
[2]. Krantz D.Grunberg N,Baum A.Health psychology. Annual Review of Psychology.1985;36:349-83.
[3]. Zimbardo O,Weber A,Johnson R.Psychology :Core concepts(4th ed).Boston:Allyn & Bacon. 2003.
[4]. Occupational Stress Factsheet. Public Employees Federation(FEP).Health and Safety Department:800)342-4306.www.pef.org
[5]. Seyle H. The stress concept today. In JL.Kutash et al(Eds)Handbook on stress andanxiety.San Francisco:Jossey Boss.1980.
[6]. Lazarus R, Folkman S. Stress appraisal and coping. New York: Springer Levin.Epstein M.Tackl workplace stress to improve productivity, reduce absenteeism. Staff Leader.1985;15,No.12.

Abstract: A solitary rectal hamartomatous polyp is rare and it is considered to be either a variant of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) or a separate entity. Patients do not have cutaneous manifestations and have only one hamartomatous polyp. Most are incidentally diagnosed during endoscopy/colonoscopy for other indications. This report describes the case of a 18-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain and per rectal bleeding. The initial colonoscopy showed large polypoidal pedunculated mass arising from lateral wall of rectum with CT Scan abdomen and pelvis showing asymmetrical thickening of rectal wall noted starting 1.5 cms from anal opening. She was diagnosed as solitary hamartomatous polyp with mucin secreting adenocarcinoma rectum ,which was treated by surgery.

Key words : Peutz-Jeghers polyp, Hamartomatous polyp, Adenocarcinoma, rectum.

[1]. Jeghers H, McKusick VA, Katz KH. Generalized intestinal polyposis and melanin spots of the oral mucosa, lips and digits; a syndrome of diagnostic significance. N Engl J Med. 1949;241:1031–1036.
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Abstract: The aim of our present study is to assess the basic biochemical parameters in mice fed palm jaggery diet and high fructose diet. 36 Female albino mice of age 21 days were randomly divided into six groups. The mice are fed Palm jaggery diet, High fructose diet, and control diet tap water ad libitum. Animals were maintained in the respective diet for 30 and 60 days. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed and serum samples were separated. It was observed that mice fed high fructose diet shows significant elevated serum glucose and insulin levels, TBARS and also shows the features of dyslipidemia. Group 4 shows decreased total cholesterol level than compare to Group 6. On the basis of the results obtained in the present study, we conclude that Our findings indicate that mice fed high fructose diet shows biochemical features of metabolic syndrome or Polycystic ovary syndrome.

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Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychiatric morbidity amongst patients with lower limb long bone fracture. Method: The present study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the medical college. The study was carried out amongst 38 randomly selected patients in the age group of 18- 65 yrs who had sustained lower limb long bone fracture. Patients were evaluated 4-6 weeks after the trauma over a period of 4 months after their written informed consent. All findings were reported on semi-structured Proforma and cases were screened using MINI version 6.0 (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview).

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Abstract: Caesarean section is the removal of a child through an incision in the abdominal wall of an intact uterus. Caesarean section is indicated in cases where vaginal delivery is not possible or safe for mother & or baby. The present study was conducted to analyze the data of Caesarean Section done in a remote rural block of West Bengal .200 cases of Lower Segment Caesarean Section done from April 2013 to May 2015 in Sabang Rural Hospital, Paschim Midnapur is included in this study. The Demographic parameters including the age, parity, indications & complications of Caesarean Section have been studied and analyzed. Keywords: Caesarean Section, Rural Block

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Abstract: Laser technology is transforming the world of dentistry. It is being effectively utilized in many areas of the dental industry to provide patients with convenient, improved services. Through innovative application this technology is changing the way in which dental services are provided. Practitioners and patients are beginning to accept this tried and true form of technology. Though it is not without its drawbacks, there are many reasons to choose to introduce laser technology into a clinical setting. Over the years studies have proven that patients have grown to accept and even welcome this form of surgery.

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Abstract: Worldwide, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed life-threatening cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer death among women. In India, it is the most prevalent cancer in females after cancer of the cervix. The exact cause is uncertain, but is influenced and predisposed by various epidemiologic factors. The average size of the tumor with which the patient presents to the clinician has decreased, due to various health and screening programs but despite improvements in surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy but during the past few decades the mortality rate has remained rather constant.

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Abstract: Breast hamartomas "Breast within a breast" is a rare entity with a low incidence (0.1 – 7%). It was first mentioned by Hogeman and Ostberg in 1968, and described by Arrigoni et al [6] in 1971. They clinically resemble fibroadenoma. The concern with the condition is that it may present as a palpable breast lump or may be identified on sometimes routine mammographic examination leading to appropriate triple test and its associated investigations to rule out possible breast malignancy. They have a possibility for malignant transformation and thus should be speculated and treated in the same manner. We present the case of a 36 year old female with a palpable breast lump identified as fibroadenomatoushamartoma. Simple excision is was treatment of choice as there was no coincidental epithelial malignant lesion. No recurrence or complications developed in the post-operative and follow-up period.
Keywords: Fibroadenomatoushamartoma, Fibroadenoma, Neoplasm

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