iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-11 ~ November-2015

Abstract:

Background: Low birth weight is important risk factors for determining the newborn health and survival. It is associated with increase morbidity and mortality. LBW babies are associated with multiple risk factors and reductions of these factors are associated with decrease incidence of LBW babies. Aims of the study: To estimate the prevalence and identify the factors associated with LBW babies. Material and methods: The crosssectional study was carried out in all the newborns with birth weight less than 2500 g during the period from October, 2011 to September, 2013. Results: The prevalence of LBW was 6% and the incidence of LBW was high among the young mothers, in 1st pregnancy and among the un-booked cases. Anaemia was a significant risk factor for LBW. Conclusion: Findings of the present study emphasizes the need for improvement of socioeconomic status, proper antenatal care, rest and nutrition of the mother during pregnancy and encouragement to raise literacy rate, proper management of anaemia will surely decrease the prevalence of LBW.
Key words: Low birth weight babies, LBW, Anaemia.

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Abstract: A 20 months old baby referred from ENT department, as a known case of sensory neural hearing loss planned for cochlear implant for ophthalmic evaluation. On examination she had brilliant blue iris of both eyes, dystopia canthorum, hypoplastic alar nasi . With the above features, Waardenburg syndrome was suspected. Keywords: Waardenburg syndrome, heterochromia iridis, brilliant blue iris, dystopia canthorum, Sensorineural hearing loss

[1]. Albert and Jakobiec-Principles and practice of ophthalmology
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Abstract: A 60 Year Old Female after Undergoing Coronary Angioplasty Developed Femoral Arterypseudoaneurysm. Which Was Diagnosed On Ultrasound With Typical Swirling Pattern Of Blood Flow In The Pseudoaneurysm Sac? It Was Closed Successfully With Ultrasound Guidedcompression

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Abstract: Increasing the complexity of HIV infection, different hematological manifestations can be seen, in which HIV-related thrombocytopenia is one of them. We evaluated the rate of thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 150 000/μL) in HIV-infected and AIDS patients. Blood samples of 400 cases of HIV seropositive, HAART naïve patients were studied .There were 162 females and 238 males during the period from April 2010 to April 2015, in Regional Institute of Medical Sciences ,Manipur. CD₄ count ranged from 56 to 706 cells /cumm. 98 patients (24.5%) had thrombocytopenia, while only 1 had severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count 10 000/cumm). Key words: AIDS , ART , HIV , Platelet, Thrombocytopenia.

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Abstract: Background: Snake bite is a preventable life-threatening medical accident, the dangers of which are amplified in children possibly because of a higher ratio of injected venom to body mass. Timely intervention and management can prevent the mortality due to snake bites which is grossly under reported. Objective: This study aims at identifying the demographics, clinical manifestations, management and response to treatment in the victims of snake bite over a period of one year. Methodology: It is a prospective observational study conducted on all the paediatric cases admitted to Niloufer Hospital, with the history of snake bite. The clinical details, investigations and treatment plan based on the envenomation for all the patients are studied thoroughly.

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[4] Vinayak Y.Kshirsagar,MD; Clinical profile of Snake Bite in Children in Rural India; Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, Volume 23 (Number 6), Dec-2013; Page 632-636

Abstract: Introduction: Adverse drug reactions are global problems of major concern. Cutaneous drug eruptions are the most common among the various adverse drug reactions and can range from an asymptomatic rash to a life-threatening emergency. Hence, the present study was conducted with an objective to evaluate the cutaneous adverse reactions to antimicrobial drugs in a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: A prospective study was conducted in tertiary care hospital in Bangalore. Patients suspected of having cutaneous adverse drug reactions after administering antimicrobial agents were included in the study. The WHO definition of adverse drug reaction was adopted. Causality assessment was done using WHO probability scale.

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Abstract: Background: Hypertensive disorders seem to complicate approximately 5-15% of pregnancies1.Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) increases the risk of maternal and perinatal, morbidity and mortality. Objective: Aim of the study was to compare the neonatal outcome in PIH mothers and the control group. Methods: A prospective observational study was done in Niloufer hospital for a period of six months. 73 antenatal women with blood pressure recording of more than 140/90 mm of Hg on two occasions, four hours apart were included in the study (PIH) group and 100 antenatal women with no medical or surgical complications were enrolled in the control group. Neonatal outcome data was recorded and documented .Results: 70.67% of babies born to PIH group were delivered by caesarean section compared to only 27% of their counterparts in control group. 54.67% neonates born to PIH mothers were low birth weight. 63.01% newborns were preterm born to the study group mothers.

[1]. Jain Avni, Lal Manju, Archana Sharma, Namita Bajpai, A Prospective Study to Compare Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy in Himalayan Region of India. Int J Biol Med Res. 2014; 5(2): 4071-4074
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Abstract: Sodium valproate is a commonly used antiepileptic drug for control of broad range of seizures. Adverse drug reactions (ADR) due to valproate widely range from severe to less severe effects like nausea, vomiting, weight gain, sedation, hepatotoxicity etc. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of valproate in seizure control, associated ADRs and to explore the extent of these effects in pediatrics. The prospective observational study was carried out for six months at pediatric department of Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Warangal and the study population include 70 patients of age ≤12 yrs.

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Abstract: Platelets play an important role in both initiation and propagation of acute coronary syndromes. Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of platelet volume indices in patients of MI. Methods: This hospital based case control comparative study was conducted between September 2013 to July 2014, evaluating the values of platelet indices of 60 patients of MI and 60 healthy control subjects. Blood sample was drawn from patients of acute myocardial infarction within 6 hrs of arrival before administration of any anticoagulant, in EDTA bulbs and samples were analyzed within 30 minutes of collection. Platelet indices was measured using an automated hematologic analyzer called SYSMEX 4000 I

[1]. Ross R. Atherosclerosis: an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999;340: 115–26.
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[3]. Onat A, Hergenç G, Yıldırım B, Uysal Ö, Keleş İ, Çetinkaya A, et al. Türk erişkinlerinde kanda fibrinojen düzeyi ve bazı risk parametreleri ile ilişkisi. Türk Kardiyol Dern Arş. 2000; 28:115-120.
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Abstract: It was a hospital based prospective analytical study Objectives: To compare the user-friendliness of the Paperless partograph with the WHO Modified partograph Methods: 12 resident doctors working in shift duties were trained regarding the use of either partographs( WHO Modified and Paperless Partograph). They were then asked to fill a structured questionnaire and score each partograph on the basis of their experience. The partographs were checked for completeness and causes affecting non compliance were identified.

[1] WHO etc.(2014) Trends in Maternal Mortality :1990 to 2013 , estimates by WHO etc
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Abstract: To compare visual outcome between Femtosecond LASIK and ReLEx SMILE in treatment of Myopia. Method: A single center prospectiverandomized clinical study in which patientswith Myopia +/-astigmatism were allocated to FemtoLASIK or SMILE group with 50 patients in each group. Main outcome measures were Visual acuity, safety and efficacy index; Contrast sensitivity; Aberrations; post-operative glare, patient satisfaction ( quality of vision) and dry eye. Follow up visits were at day 1, day 15 and 3 months.

[1]. LuciKaweri MD, RitikaSachdev MS, MahipalSachdev MD.ReLEx SMILE-Smiling All the Way.Times. 2014 Jan;19(7):19–23.
[2]. Dong Z, Zhou X, Wu J, Zhang Z, Li T, Zhou Z, et al. Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser LASIK: comparison of corneal wound healing and inflammation. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013 Nov 13;bjophthalmol–2013–303415.
[3]. Di Wu, PhD, Yan Wang, MD, PhD, Lin Zhang, MD, et al. Corneal biomechanical effects: Small-incision lenticule extraction versus femtosecond laser–assisted laser in situ Keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 2014; 40:954–962.
[4]. Hu Y-K, Li W-J, Gao X-W, et al. Comparison of small incision lenticule extraction and femtosecond laser assisted LASIK for myopia. Int Eye Sci. 2013;13:2074-2077. - Google Search [Internet]. [cited 2014 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.google.co.in/search?q=Hu+Y-K%2C+Li+W-J%2C+Gao+X-W%2C+et+al.+Comparison+of+small+incision+lenticule+extraction+and+femtosecond+laser+assisted+LASIK+for+myopia.+Int+Eye+Sci.+2013%3B13%3A2074-2077.

Abstract: Background: Obesity a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease is a pandemic among young individuals. The best way to help is by improving physical fitness levels by taking regular exercise and creating awareness of physical fitness in the population. Aim: To compare the physical fitness in individuals with different Body Mass Index (BMI).

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Abstract: Subarachnoid block (SAB) is a widely used regional anaesthetic technique, especially in lower abdomen and lower limb surgeries. α2-Agonists like clonidine and dexmedetomidine are used to prolong the duration of spinal anesthesia. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of IV dexmedetomidine on duration of spinal anaesthesia with 0.5% of hyperbaric bupivacaine given 10 mins before and 30 mins after spinal anaesthesia. Sensory blockade was prolonged in group receiving dexmedetomidine 10 mins before intrathecal anaesthesia when compared with group receiving 30 mins after intrathecal anaesthesia . It also provided additional analgesia in group receiving before intrathecal anaesthesia.

Keywords: Dexmeditimidine, spinal anaesthesia,Bupivacaine,postoperative analgesia.

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[6] Gabriel JS, Gordin V. Alpha 2 agonists in regional anaesthesia and analgesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2001;14:751‑3.
[7] Dobrydnjov I, Axelsson K, Thorn SE, Matthiesen P, Klockhoff H, Holmstorm B, et al. Clonidine combined with small‑dose bupivacaine during spinal anesthesia for inguinal herniorrhaphy: A randomized double‑blinded study. Anesth Analg 2003;96:1496‑503.s