iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-11 ~ November-2015

Abstract: Radicular cyst is the most common odontogenic cystic lesion of inflammatory origin. It is also known as periapical cyst, apical periodontal cyst, root end cyst or dental cyst. It arises from epithelial residues in periodontal ligament as a result of inflammation. The inflammation usually follows death of dental pulp. Radicular cysts are found at root apices of involved teeth.The treatment of radicular cyst depends on the condition of the teeth involved, the extent of the bone destroyed and accessibility of treatment. We report a case of Maxillary radicular cysts which requires a complete enucleation of the cyst because of its presenting features and extent. This article highlights the two surgical approaches possible for enucleating the same cyst one being the conventional enucleation through oral cavity whereas other being the endoscopic approach through median maxillary antrostomy.

[1]. Nair PNR. Nonmicrobialetiology: periapical cysts sustain post treatment apical periodontitis. Endodontics Topic 2003; 6(): 96-113.
[2]. Ghezta N. Surgical enucleation of large radicular cyst - Case Report. J DentoFacSci2012; 1(2): 29-32.
[3]. Abdullah Kahairi, Shamim Ahmed Khan, Ahmad Amirozi. Endoscopic assisted enucleation of radicular cyst- A case report. Malaysian Journal Med SciJan - Mar 2010; 17(1): 56-59.
[4]. Daanie TL, Juan JSE, Angela RC. Treatment of large maxillary cyst with marsupialization, decompression, surgical endodontic therapy and enucleation. J Can Dent Assoc2011; 77: b87.
[5]. Sakkas N, Schoen R, Schulze D, Otten JE, Schmelzeisen R. Obturator after marsupialization of a recurrence of a radicular cyst of the mandible. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral RadiolEndod 2007; 103:16-8.
[6]. Nakamura N, Mitsuyasu T, Mitsuyasu Y, Taketomi T, Higuchi Y, Ohishi M. Marsupialization for odontogenickeratocysts:long-term follow-up analysis of the effects and changes ingrowth characteristics. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral RadiolEndod 2002; 94:543-53.

Abstract: Gastroenteritis, also known as acute diarrhoeal diseases as the predominant symptom is diarrhoea. Diarrhoea is defined as the passage of loose, liquid or watery stools > 3 times a day lasting upto 10-14 days. Therefore children with marginal nutritional status are also at significant risk of developing micronutrients depletion such as zinc with an episode of diarrhoea. Zinc improves water and electrolyte, increases brush border enzymes activity and enhances the overall immune function. A study was conducted in the department of Biochemistry and Paediatrics, RIMS, Imphal over 70 children with Gastroenteritis cases and 70 healthy controls, in which serum Zinc and Copper levels were estimated and tried to find any correlation among children suffering from gastroenteritis and in healthy controls.

[1]. Park K. Acute diarrhoeal diseases. Park's text book of preventive and Social Medicine. 22nd ed. Jabalpur. India: Banarsidas Bhanot;
2013. p.200.
[2]. Fact sheet N0 330 April 2013
[3]. Patel AB, Dhande LA, Rawat SM. Therapeutic Evaluation of Zinc and Copper supplementation in acute Diarrhoea in children:
Double Blind Randomized Trial. Indian Pediatr 2005; 42:17.
[4]. Sajid A, Ahmad M, Sajid S. Therapeutic role of Zinc; Evaluation in patients with diarrhoeal illnesses. Professional Med J 2010;
17(3) 472-478.
[5]. Abe A, Yiamashita S. Colorimetric method for the estimation of Zinc and Copper. Clin Chem Acta 1989; 35(4): 552-54.
[6]. Makino T. A sensitive, direct colorimetric assay of serum Zinc using nitro-PAPS and microwell plates. Clin Chem Acta 1991; 197:
209-20.
[7]. Gupta S and Lalit U. Plasma Zinc and Selenium levels in preschool children with persistent diarrhoea: A cross sectional study. Int J
Res Med 2013; 2(2): 96-8.

Abstract: To study the co-relation between hematologic parameters and ophthalmic manifestations in patients of sickle cell disease (SCD). Methods : This study was conducted in Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, JN medical College, Wardha. All the patients coming regularly to sickle cell O.P.D for follow up and those who were admitted for sickle cell crisis in medicine ward , obstetrics/gynecology patients who were found to be sickle cell positive (SS pattern) and pediatric patients diagnosed with sickle cell disease were included for this study. A total of 35 sickle cell disease (SCD) patients were studied. Hematologic investigations were done and ophthalmic investigations such as visual acuity, silt lamp bio-microscopy and fundoscopy was done and compared. For statistical analysis SPSS software was used.

[1]. Balgir RS 1996. The prevalence of sickle cell haemog-lobinopathy in India. In: TheEncyclopedia of Dravidian Tribes. Vol. 1 T.Madhava Menon, C Siva Thanu, K.P.Prasanth, M. Sasikumar and PRG Mathur (Eds.). Trivandrum: The International School of Dravidian Linguistics pp 21-29.
[2]. Bhatia HM, RaoVR 1987. Genetic Atlas of Indian Tribes. Bombay: Indian Council of MedicalResearch.
[3]. Shukla RN, Solanki BR 1958. Sickle cell trait in central India. Lancet, 297.
[4]. R. S. Balgir, ―The Burden of Haemoglobinopathies in India and the Challenges Ahead,‖ Current Science, Vol. 79, 2000, pp. 1536-1547.
[5]. R. S. Balgir, ―The Genetic Burden of Haemoglobinopa- thies with Special Reference to Community Health in In-dia and the Challenges Ahead,‖ Indian Journal of Hema-tology and Blood Transfusion, Vol. 20, 2002,

Abstract: identification of dermatophyte to the species level is very important for the correct line of treatment. Sometimes identification of dermatophyte is difficult specially it takes more than one week to grow .So this study shows that Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)could be a useful tool for identification of dermatophyte species specially Trichophyton spp., with vars. 111 dermatophyte isolates of 9 different species were analyzed using (MALDI-TOF MS)in comparison to conventional methods including hair perforation test and urease test.

[1]. Nenoff P, Mügge C, Haustein UF. Differentiation of clinically important dermatophytes. Part 1: Trichophyton Derm parakt
Dermatol 2002 ; 8 :16-31.
[2]. Schönborn C . Special fungal diagnostics .In : Waildführ G, Wildführ W (Eds). Medical microbiology, immunology and
epidemiology (Vol .IV/2) 2nd Edn. Leipzig, Germany : Georg Thiem Publisher ,1982 : 691-746
[3]. Gräser Y, Scott J, Summerbell R .The new species concept in dermatophytes- a polyphasic approach . Mycopathologia 2008; 166:
239-256.
[4]. Summerbell RC. Trichophyton ,Microsporum , Epidermophyton , and agents of superficial mycoses .In: Murray RR, Baron EJ ,
Jorgensen JH Pfaller MA, Yolken RH (eds). Manual of Clinical Microbiology,8th Edn .Washington DC: ASM Press, 2003 : 1798-
1819.
[5]. De Hoog GS, Guarro J, Gené J , Figueras MJ. Atlas of clinical fungi ,3rd Edn . Utrecht, The Netherlands: Centraalbureau Voor
schimmel-culture and Universtat Rovira I Virgili 2009.

Abstract: A male of around 24years of age presented with splitting of left forearm and hand. Radial side of forearm continued hand with index finger only and ulnar side continued hand with ring and little finger. Thumb and middle finger were absent. Length of the forearm was comparatively shorter. No relevant family history was found. This was a case of congenital longitudinal growth defect of upper limb.

[1]. Eric K Mooney. Hand Embryology Gross Morphologic Overview of Upper Limb Development.
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1287982-overview. MEDSCAPE linked on 3rd Nov 2015
[2]. Congenital Hand Deformities. Author: Donald R Laub, Jr, et al. Chief Editor: Joseph A Molnar et al. Updated: Oct 29, 2015
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1285233-overview Medscape linked on 3rd Nov 2015
[3]. Musculoskeletal System - Limb Abnormalities. Embryology
https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Musculoskeletal_System_-_Limb_Abnormalities linked on on 3rd Nov
2015
[4]. Collins Patricia. Pectoral girdle and upper limb- overview of development of the limb. In Standering S, Ellis H, Healy J C, Johnson
D, Williams A et al. Gray's Anatomy The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. 39 ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone;
2005. P935- 9.

Abstract: This paper studies the influence of new organisational practices such as Social Responsibility, Job Engagement and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour on Organisational Role Stress among Medical Doctors in Goa. A total of 454 doctors participated in this study. The data was analysed by factoring organisational role stress dimensions to 3 factors considered as dependent variables. Social responsibility and Job Engagement had a partial influence in reducing stress on all three role stress factors but Organisational Citizenship Behaviour revealed a reducing influence on all three role stress factors. .

Key Words: Social Responsibility, Job Engagement and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour and Role Stress

[1]. Ahmady, S., Changiz, T., Masiello, I., & Brommels, M. (2007). Organizational Role Stress among medical school faculty members in Iran: dealing with role conflict. BMC Medical Education, 7:14. doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-7-14.
[2]. Al-Fadli, F.S. (1999). The relationship between clarity of organizational goals, role ambiguity, role conflict and job stress: Case of the Public sector in Kuwait. Journal of King SaudUniversity: Admin sciences, 11(2), 135-170.
[3]. Antoniou, A.S. (1999). Personal traits and professional burnout in health professionals. Archives of Hellenic Medicine, 16 (1), 20-28.
[4]. Antoniou, A.S., Davidson, M., & Cooper, C. L. (2003). Occupational stress, job satisfaction and health state in male and female junior hospital doctors in Greece. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18 (6), 592-621.
[5]. Bates, E.(1982).Doctors and their spouses speak:Stress in medical practice. Sociologyof Health and Illness ,4, 25-39.
[6]. Baumeister, R., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation, Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529.

Abstract: Community acquired pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly. Despite the advent of potent antimicrobials and effective vaccines, community acquired pneumonia is a common and serious illness. In developing countries like India it is the most common cause of hospital attendance in the geriatric population. Hence, this study was done to study the clinical and etiological profile of community acquired pneumonia in elderly patients.

[1]. Morimoto K, Suzuki M, Ishifuji T, Yaegashi M, Asoh N, Hamashige N et al. The burden and etiology of community-onset
pneumonia in the aging Japanese population: a multicenter prospective study. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 30;10(3):e0122247
[2]. Bansal S, Kashyap S , Pal LS, Goel A. Clinical and Bacteriological Profile of Community Acquired Pneumonia in Shimla,
Himachal Pradesh. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2004;46:17-22.
[3]. Ruiz M, Ewig S, Marcos MA, Martinez JA, Arancibia F, Mensa J et al. Etiology of community acquired pneumonia : impact of age,
comorbidity, and severity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Aug;160(2):397-405.
[4]. Levy ML, Le Jeune I, Woodhead MA, Macfarlaned JT, Lim WS. British Thoracic Society Community Acquired Pneumonia in
Adults Guideline Group. Primary care summary of the British Thoracic Society Guidelines for the management of community
acquired pneumonia in adults: 2009 update. Prim Care Respir J. 2010 Mar;19(1):21-7.

Abstract: People are encouraged to reduce their inactivity rather than to do more exercise. The aim of walking is to involve large muscle groups, and possible to continue it for long periods of time. A total of 25 male and female adult subjects with regular treatment for Type 2 diabetes more than one year were selected to measure Fasting Blood Sugar levels before and after walking for 30 minutes. There is a significant change in Fasting Blood Sugar after walking for 30 minutes with p-value <0.001. Walking for half an hour fits well as it play a
central role in preventing long term complications in the management of type 2 Diabetic patients.

Key words: Type 2 diabetes, Fasting Blood Sugar, Walking for 30 minutes.

[1]. AHLBORG.G. Mechanism for glycogenolysis in non exercising human muscle during and after Exercise. Am. J. Physiol.248
(Endocrinol, Metab 11); E 540; 1985.
[2]. ASTRAND P O AND K. RODAHL.Text Book of work Physiology, Physiological Basls of Exercise 2nd Ed; Mc. Garw Hill., New
York 1977.
[3]. BORGHOUTS.L.B., A.J.M.WAGENMAKERS., P.L.L.GOYENS and H.A.KEIZER. Substrate utilization in non-obese type II Diabetic
patients at rest and during exercise. Clinical Science 103; 559-566; 2002.
[4]. CREVISTON T., QUINN L., Exercise and physical activity in treatment of type II DM. Nurs Clin North Am 36(2); 243-
71;2001.
[5]. DAVID H.WASSERMAN., RICHARD J.GEER., DONNA E.RICE., DENNA BRACY., PAUL J.FLAKOLL.,
LAURELL.BROWN.,NAJI-N.ABUMRAD Interaction of Exercise and insulin action in humans. Am. J. Physiol Endocrinol Metab
260; 23; E 37-E 45; 1991.

Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate and compare visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid and pap smear for cervical cancer screening. Pap smear was done in all 200 cases along with VIA Abnormal cases with positive VIA and/or abnormal Pap smears were subjected to colposcopy directed biopsy.Cervical biopsy was taken in 78 cases. Pap test showed sensitivity of 25.71% and specificity of 88.37% while sensitivity of VIA was 80% and specificity of 32.55% respectively. Thus it was concluded that VIA is a sensitive,practical and a low cost affair when it comes to cervical screening. Pap is more specific but it needs more of expertise whereas VIA doesn't require expertise and can be done at a primary level.

Keywords: High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion ( HSIL), Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), Negative predictive value (NPV), Positive predictive value(PPV),Visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid( VIA), Statistical Package for Social Sciences ( SPSS), Pap ( Papanicolaou stain)

[1]. Parkin DM, Bray F,Ferlay j. Estimating the world cancer burden: Globocan 2000. Int J Cancer 2001; 94:153-6.
[2]. Santos C, Galdos R, Alvarez M, Velarde C,Barriga O, Dyer R. One- session management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A solution for developing countries. A prospective randomized trial of LEEP versus laser excisional conization. GynecolOncol. 1996; 61(1): 11-5.
[3]. Spitzer M, Chernys AE, Seltzer VL.. The use of largeloop excision of the transformation zone in an inner city population. Obstet Gynecol. 1993;82(5):731-5
[4]. Mitchell MF, TortoleroLuna G, Cook E,Whittaker L,Rhodes Morris H,Silva E. A randomized clinical trial of cryotherapy, laser vaporization and loop electrosurgical excision for treatment of squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. Obstet Gynecol. 1998; 92(5): 737-44.
[5]. Megevand E ,Denny L,Dehaeck K,Soeters R, Bloch B. Acetic acid visualization of the cervix: an alternative to cytologic screening. Obstet Gynecol. 1996;88(3): 383-6.
[6]. Sankaranarayanan R, Wesley R, Somnathan T, Dhakad N, Shyamalakumary B, Amma NS, et al. Visual inspection of the uterine cervix after the application of acetic acid in the detection of cervical carcinoma and its precursors.Cancer. 1998;83(10): 2150-6

Abstract: Various approaches are used in the management of appendicitis. These include open technique, laparoscopy (conventional three ports, single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) and transumbilical laparoscopy assisted ) and endoscopy. In this study we present the trans-umbilical laparoscopy assisted appendicectomy (TULAA). With this technique, a laparoscopy is performed to mobilize the appendix and the procedure is completed by exteriorization of the appendix at the umbilical port.

1]. O'Neill S; Abdelaziz EA; Andrabi SI. Modified Lanz incision in appendicectomy - the surgical trainees best friend.Int J Surg. 2010; 8(1):56-7 (ISSN: 1743-9159)
[2]. Rehman H; Ahmed I.Technical approaches to single port/incision laparoscopic appendicectomy: a literature review.Ann R CollSurg Engl. 2011; 93(7):508-13 (ISSN: 1478-7083)
[3]. Kaehler G; Schoenberg MB; Kienle P; Post S; Magdeburg R. Transgastric appendicectomy.Br J Surg. 2013; 100(7):911-5 (ISSN: 1365-2168)
[4]. Faiz O; Blackburn SC; Clark J et al. Laparoscopic and conventional appendicectomy in children: outcomes in English hospitals between 1996 and 2006. Pediatr Surg Int. 2008; 24(11):1223-7 (ISSN: 0179-0358)
[5]. Liu Z; Zhang P; Ma Y; Chen H; Zhou Y; Zhang M; Chu Z; Qin H. Laparoscopy or not: a meta-analysis of the surgical effects of laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy.Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2010; 20(6):362-70 (ISSN: 1534-4908)

Abstract: Communication is a process of exchanging information and ideas between Persons. Speech and language is the most used tool for communication which depends on Effective production, Transmission, reception, registration and reproduction. The auditory system , Central nervous system integrity and articulation must be perfect. Speech and Language is affected if any of the system goes wrong. This study is done to find out the correlation between Speech and Language with Age, gender, Number of child, Order of child, and Parental education,. This study reveals that Speech and Language delay is 9.54% ie 38/400.The maximum delay is found in 4-5 age group groups. Ie 13.1% Males are more affected, and second born also. Speech and language delay is more in more than one child.. There is no correlation with paternal education.

Key words: LEST Language Evaluation scale Trivandrum. Effective production , Reception.

[1]. Kavitha, SR, Nair MKC et al. Validation of LEST (1-2 years) against REELS Language Evaluation Scale Trivandrum (1-2 Research Form 2006) Against Receptive Expressive Emergent Language Scale. Teens .2006; Vol- 1, No 2: page 29-31
[2]. Silva PA, McGee R, Williams SM. Developmental language delay from three to seven years and its significance for low intelligence and reading difficulties at age seven. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1983;25:783–793
[3]. Burden V, Stott CM, Forge J, Goodyer I. The Cambridge Language and Speech Project (CLASP): Detection of language
[4]. Beitchman, J. H., Hood, J., Rochon, J. and Peterson, M., 1989, Empirical classifications of speech/ language impairment in children: II. Behavioral characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry;28: 118–123.
[5]. Tomblin J.B., Records N.L., Buckwalter P., et al: Prevalence of specific language impairment in kindergarten children. J Speech Lang Hear Res, 1997;40: 1245-12606
[6]. Nelson H D , Peggy Nygrien, Miranda Walker, Rita Panoscha. Screening for speech and language delay in preschool children: systematic evidence review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Pediatrics.2006 February; Vol 117 No 2: page 301-302
[7]. Brookhouser PE, Hixson PK, Matkin ND. Early childhood language delay: the otolaryngologist's perspective. Laryngoscope. 1979;89: page 1898–1913.

Abstract: No of women doctors' in India are 118,658 among them female work force participation rate is 27% .The women doctors in clinical departments having more responsibilities including night shifts causes work place problems are presumed to be more and complicated than those of other working women. Hence present study is undertaken to study the issue. Aims and objectives To identify the problems , challenges faced by women doctors at their work place and to assess the influence of professional on personnel life and management of balance between them. Materials & Methods: A hospital based study with qualitative assessment questionnaire was conducted among 35 women doctors working in clinical departments as assistant professors of same age group in S.V.R.R.G.G.H and GOVT. Maternity Hospital, Tirupati

[1]. Baldridge, D. C., Eddleston, K. A., Golden, T. D. and Veiga, J. F. Saying 'no' to being uprooted: the impact of family and gender on willingness to relocate. Paper present data The Annual Meetings of the Academy of Management, Toronto, Canada(2000).
[2]. Bano, S., Aslam, S. K. and Zafar, S. Problems of Female Doctors Working in Hospitals, Journal of Agriculture and Social Sciences. (2005).
[3]. Baruch, Y. Career development in organizations and beyond: balancing traditional and contemporary viewpoints. Human Resource Management Review, (2006); 16(2):125-138.
[4]. Basit, T. N. Manual or electronic? The role of coding in qualitative data Analysis. Educational Research, (2003); 45(2): 143–154.
[5]. Bierema, L. Women's networks: A career development intervention or impediment Human Resource Development International, (2005);8(2): 207-224.

Abstract: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a precancerous condition of the oral cavity. Third molar surgeries in patients with oral submucous fibrosis is difficult but frequently necessary. There is mucositis and trismus, faulty wound healing and predisposition to infection. Exodontia and dentoalveolar surgery in these patients may result in distressing sequelae and diagnosis of any subsequent complications like space infection is difficult. Hence, these patients must be treated as a special care group and measures adopted to ease distress. Various literature has been reviewed to make us understand the underlying nature of the disease and factors that contribute to these problems and various measures to tackle them.

[1]. Pindborg JJ, Murthy PR. Oral submucous fibrosis as a precancerous condition. Scand J Dent Assoc.1984;92:224–229. [PubMed]
[2]. Lai DR, Chen HR, Lin LM, Huang YL, Tsai CC. Clinical evaluation of different treatment methods for oral10/30/2015 Dentoalveolar Surgery in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: Need for Cautionhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3777038/ 3/3submucous fibrosis. A 10 year experience with 150 cases. J Oral Pathol Med. 1995;24:402–406. doi:10.1111/j.16000714.1995.tb01209.x. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[3]. Mehrotra R, Singh HP, Gupta SC, Singh M, Jain S. Pentoxifylline therapy in the management of oralsubmucous fibrosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011;12:971–974. [PubMed]
[4]. Angadi PV, Kale AD, Hallikerimath S. Evaluation of myofibroblasts in oral submucous fibrosis: correlation withdisease severity. J Oral Pathol Med. 2011;40:208–213. doi:10.1111/j.16000714.2010.00995.x. [PubMed][Cross Ref]
[5]. Rajendran R. Oral submucous fibrosis: etiology, pathogenesis, and future research. Bull WHO. 1994;72(6):985–996. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

Abstract: Ellis–van creveld syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome of the heart, skeleton and most of the ectodermal derivatives. It is caused due to genetic defects in the chromosome 4p16; it belongs to short rib-polydactyly group (SRP). It is characterized by short ribs, short limb, polydactyly, ectodermal dysplasia and congenital heart defects. The oral manifestation is one of the main characteristic diagnostic features and it includes partial anodontia, microdontia, fusion of upper lip to the gingival margin, multiple frenum, anterior open bite etc. We the dentist play a major role in diagnosing such patients, managing their dental problem and
help them lead a normal life. We report a case of EVC syndrome expressing all the findings with multiple supernumerary teeth.
Key words: polydactyly, multiple frenum, genu valgum, multiple supernumerary teeth, partial anodontia.

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Abstract: Background: Sexually transmittable infections (STIs) are a major health problem for century and occur all over the regions of the world. It is a big challenge to Nigeria and Africa at large where sexual expression is restricted. Objective: To determine the profile of STIs among students of tertiary educational institution in Abuja, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 202 students from tertiary educational institution, screened randomly to determine the prevalence of common STDs among them, using standard clinical and laboratory methods. The principle of confidentiality was adhered to and the students received both pre and post- counseling.

[1]. Aboyeji AP and Nwabuisi C. Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among pregnant women in Ilorin, Nigeria. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 2003; 23(6): 637-9.
[2]. Ogunjobi BO. Sexually transmitted diseases in Nigeria. A of the present situation. West Afr. J. Med., 1989; 8(1):42-9.
[3]. Gerbase A. Global epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases Afr. Health. 1999; 10:27 – 28.
[4]. Cates W. Estimates of the incidence and prevalence sexually transmitted disease in the United States. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 26(4): 52-57.
[5]. Fed. Min. of health, Syndromic management of STDs. A manual for health workers.1996: 5-6.
[6]. Omobude-Idiado SN and Bazuaye GN. Patterns of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIS) reported among students in a federal university in midwestern Nigeria. College student journal 2009; 43(2):8-12.
[7]. Weinstein A J. Sexually transmittable diseases and other genital infections during adolescence. J. of Reprod. Med., 1984; 29(6):411-5.

Abstract: Furcation involvement is the occurrence of periodontal disease involving the bifurcations or the trifurcations of the multirooted teeth. The survival rates are usually poor for advanced furcation involvement cases. Various treatment options both non surgical and surgical are available for furcation involvement. The routine regenerative and resective procedures along with the conventional flap therapy were targeting the alveolar bone around the teeth for managing furcation cases. Recent approaches have focused on treating the diseased tooth along with the alveolar bone for effective management of furcation involvement cases. The procedures that come under this category include hemisection and root resection. Root resection is the procedure that is usually carried out on upper molars where a root is amputated for treating the periodontal and the periapical infection.

[1]. Patil, T., Waghmare, P., Mali, A., Agrawal, P., &Patil, K. P. (2015).Novel approach of retension of maxillary molars with grade III
furcation involvement with the use of glass ionomer cement. Journal of the International Clinical Dental Research
Organization, 7(1), 64.
[2]. Parihar, A. S., &Katoch, V. (2015). Furcation involvement and its treatment : Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences
Research| Vol, 3(1).
[3]. Walter, C., Weiger, R., &Zitzmann, N. U. (2011). Periodontal surgery in furcation-involved maxillary molars revisited—an
introduction of guidelines for comprehensive treatment. Clinical oral investigations, 15(1), 9-20.
[4]. American academy of periodontology,Glossary of periodontal terms.Chicago: American academy of periodontology ;2001;45
[5]. Farrar JN.Radical and heroic treatment of alveolar abscess by amputation of roots of teeth.Dental Cosmos 1884;26:79
[6]. Akki, S. F., &Mahoorkar, S. (2011). Tooth hemisection and restoration an alternative to extraction-A case report. International
Journal of Dental Clinics,3(3).

Abstract: Tooth transposition is a rare developmental anomaly characterized by positional interchange of two teeth within the same quadrant. Its incidence compromises the esthetics and function to a significant degree. The current literature review is offered to highlight certain aspects of this anomaly to develop an understanding that might be helpful in management for restoration of esthetics and function of affected patients. The dental transposition of the teeth were classified into 2 types that are complete transposition and incomplete. A complete dental transposition describes a condition in which the dental crown and all structure of the dental root have a parallel position to the exchanged positionsThis paper aims to report the successful treatment of a canine complete transposition case with upper lateral incisor done at a patient.

[1]. Peck, L., Peck, S., Attia, Y. Maxillary canine–first premolar transposition, associated dental anomalies and genetic basis. Angle Orthod 1993; 63: 99-109.
[2]. Harris CA. A dictionary of dental sciences, bi-ography, bibliography and medical terminology. Philadelphia: Lindsay and Blakis-ton. 1849:725.
[3]. Shapira Y and Kuftinec MM. Maxillary canine-lateral incisor transposition. Am J Ortho. 1989 ; 95 : 5439 – 444
[4]. Shapira Y and Kuftinec MM. Orthodontic management of mandibular canine-incisor transposition. Am J ortho. 1983; 83 (4):271 – 276.

Abstract: Background: The advent of Internet has brought to the fore new approach to healthcare delivery. Even though studies on the prevalence of internet use by primary care patients are available, only few reports have attempted to identify the factors that are associated with its use by primary care patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the factors that are associated with internet use among primary care patients in Makurdi, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that was carried out at Makurdi. A total of 282 primary care patients were recruitedfor the study.

[1] Internet World Stats (2012). Internet Usage Statistics for Africa, http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats1.htm, Accessed January, 10, 2014. [2] Olufemi O, Senanu O, Victoria E. Awareness and Usage of Internet-based Health Information for Self-Care in Lagos state, Nigeria: Implications for Healthcare Improvement. Journal of Health Informatics in Developing Countries, 2013;7:165-175
[3] Internet usage on Nigerian's Global System of Mobile Telecommunication Networks. Available at: www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/htm. Accessed on 10/05/2015.
[4] Eighty three million Internet users in Nigeria. Available at: www.vanguardngr.com/2015/05/83m-internetusers-nigeria-ncc/htlm [5] Vance, K., Howe, W., &Dellavalle, R. P. Social internet sites as a source of public health information. Dermatologic clinics,2009; 27: 133-136. [6] Robin L. K, Richelle J. Koopman, B. J. Douglas S. W. Lynn E. K. Shannon M. C. Internet use by Primary Care Patients: Where is the digital divide?. Fam Med 2012;44(5):342.

Abstract: To analyze the clinical, functional & Radiological outcome of Total Knee Arthroplasty And the differential clinical, functional and radiological outcome of Total Knee Arthroplasty with and without Patellar Resurfacing. This is a prospective study done on patients who underwent Total Knee Arthroplasty under. Both the sexes were included in this study and a total of 43 patients with 61 knees were analyzed. All the knees received either a Cruciate Retaining or a Cruciate Substituting design. Knees with Fixed Flexion Deformity of more than 15 to 20 degrees and a Varus Deformity of more than 15 to 20 degrees usually received Cruciate Substituting design. no. of patients who underwent b/l TKR 19, no. of patients who underwent unilateral TKR 24, total number of the patellas resurfaced in our study are 12.

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Abstract: Coronary Heart Disease is a worldwide health epidemic. Of particular concern from a global perspective is the burden of myocardial infarction in developing countries. Limitations in available resources to treat ST elevation myocardial infarction in developing countries mandate major efforts on an international level to strengthen primary prevention programs. Elevated serum uric acid is highly predictive of mortality in patients with heart failure or coronary artery disease. We undertook this study toknow the usefulness of serum uric acid in acute myocardial infarction and to study the use of serum uric acid as a marker of short-term mortality in acute myocardial infarction. A prospective study was conducted at Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore between August 2009 & August 2011.

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Abstract: Attendance of students is thought to be an important factor in the academic performance of medical students. It has also wider implications for institutions providing medical education.Teaching is necessary to develop competence. A common assumption in higher education is that absenteeism substantially contributed to low academic achievement. The class attendance is more important for enhancing grade rather than obtaining a pass mark. So, this study was conducted to investigate the attitude of first year medical students towards the reasons of absenteeism among them.

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