iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2016

Abstract: The suprascapular notch (SSN) is a notch in the superior border of the scapula, just medial to the base of the coracoid process. This notch is converted into a suprascapular foramen (SSF) by the superior transverse scapular ligament, and serves for the passage of the suprascapular nerve and sometimes the ligament is ossified[1] [2]. Anatomical variations and anomalous or ossified superior transverse scapular ligament are also considered to be risk factors for suprascapular neuropathy. In previous studies, different types of SN were identified [3] [4]. The suprascapular nerve which supplies motor branches to the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and sensory branches to the rotator cuff muscles, and the ligamentous structures of the shoulder and acromioclavicular joint..

[1]. Habermeyer, Peter; Magosch, Petra; Lichtenberg, Sven (2006). Classifications and Scores of the Shoulder. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-24350-2. LCCN 2005938553 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
[2]. Shishido H, Kikuchi S. Injury to the suprascapular nerve during shoulder joint surgery: an anatomical study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2001;10:372-6.
[3]. Usha K, Kannan NS, Anbalagan J, Sudha R. Morphometric Study of Suprascapular Notch in Indian Dry Scapulae with Specific Reference to the Incidence of Completely Ossified Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2014;8(3): 7-10. [4]. Rengachary, S. S.; Burr, D.; Lucas, S.; Hassanein, K. M.; Mohn, M. P., Matzke, H. (1979). "Suprascapular entrapment neuropathy: a clinical, anatomical, and comparative study".Neurosurgery 5 (4): 447–451)

Abstract: TTo have an overview of prevalence and incidence of refractive error in children of school going age group Method- A cross sectional study was carried out in children aged 4-12 years attending eye O.P.D. in N.S.C.B. Medical College during time period of October 2014 to September 2015. After detail history and eye checkup 600 children of both gender were selected. Children with congenital disorder were excluded. All children were subjected to retinoscopy under cyclopegia and duely called for PMT for final acceptance and corrective glasses prescribed to them.

[1]. Agrawal L: Visual defects in school children". Orients, Arehs Ophthal 4:1-8; Cited from Amer. J.Ophthal.378,1977
[2]. Aines H: An evaluation of visual status and academic achievement of selected group of elementary school children over a period of 7 years. AJ Optometry.32:879-288:1987. Cited from Amer. J. Ophthal.
[3]. Dada VK: Early detection and prevention of visual defects in children. Cited from National Symposium on prevention of blindness in school going children.57-64;1984
[4]. Holst JC, Jalad:Eye examination in elementary schools. Ophthal Lit.16:3672;1988
[5]. Mc Nell NL, Puris: Pattern of visual defects in children. Brit.J.Ophthal. 1.39;688;1985

Abstract: Aim And Objectives: The aim of the study is to study about the frequency of various clinical outcomes of diabetic foot and the management done for patients admitted in the surgical ward of surgery department of Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital.

[1]. Diabetic medicine - S. O. Oyibo, E. B. Jude, I. Tarawneh, H. C. Nguyen, D. G. Armstrong, L. B. Harkless, A. J. M. Boulton
[2]. Clinical outcomes of diabetic foot - Gulam-Abbas Z, Lutale JK, Morbach S, Archibald LK – Pubmed.gov
[3]. Evidence-based protocol for diabetic foot ulcers - Brem H, Sheehan P, Rosenberg HJ, Schneider JS, Boulton AJ.

Abstract: Clavicle fractures account for 2% of all the fractures in the body. Earlier the treatment of choice was conservative which lead to high rates of mal-union and non - union. We conducted a randomized control trail to evaluate the efficacy of operative and non-operative management of clavicle mid-shaft fractures taking into account the patient satisfaction level and Quick DASH scores. Keywords: Clavicle fractures, mid-shaft clavicle, conservative vs operative management, Allman classification.

1]. Postacchini F, Gumina S, Santis P, Albo F. Epidemiology of clavicle fractures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2002;11:452–456. doi: 10.1067/mse.2002.126613. [PubMed] [Cross Ref] [2]. Nordqvist A, Petersson C (1994) The incidence of fractures of the clavicle. ClinOrthopRelat Res:127–132 [PubMed] [3]. Crenshaw AH. Fractures of the shoulder girdle, arm and forearm. In: Crenshaw AH, editor. Campbell's operative orthopaedics. 8th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book;1992. p 989-1053. [4]. Kim W, McKee MD. Management of acute clavicle fractures.OrthopClin North Am. 2008;39:491–505. doi: 10.1016/j.ocl.2008.05.006. [PubMed] [Cross Ref] [5]. Robinson CM, Court-Brown CM, McQueen MM, Wakefield AE. Estimating the risk of non-union following nonoperative treatment of a clavicular fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Am.2004;86:1359–1365 [6]. Postacchini R, Gumina S, Farsetti P, Postacchini F. Long-term results of conservative management of midshaft clavicle fracture.IntOrthop. 2010;34(5):731–736. doi: 10.1007/s00264-009-0850-x.[PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]

Abstract: As per World Health Organization data, approximately 36.9 million people were infected with HIV/ AIDS in the year 2014. Coexistent Tuberculosis in HIV positive patient is increasing in incidence. We discuss a case of diffuse global granulomatous glomerulonephritis in an HIV positive patient. The glomeruli are studded with numerous acid fast bacilli. We highlight the patient because of the rarity of such bacillary load in tissue sections and its ominous prognostic implication. Keywords: acid –fast bacilli, glomerulonephritis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, genitourinary tuberculos

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[2]. Andre A Figueiredo, MD, PhD and Antonia.M.Lucon, MD, PhD – Urogenital Tuberculosis: Update and Review of 8961 cases from the World Literature. Reviews in Urology.2008 Summer; 10(3):207 – 217.
[3]. el-Badawi AA. Bilharzialpolypi of the Urinary Bladder. Br J Urol 1966; 38:24 – 35.
[4]. Ibrahim A. The relationship between Urinary bilharziasis and Urolithiasis in Sudan. Br J Urol 1978:50: 294-7
[5]. Wang L J , Wu C F, Wong YC, Chuang CK, Chu SH, Chen CJ. Imaging findings of urinary tuberculosis on excretory urography and computerized tomography. J Urol. 2003; 169: 524 - 8

Abstract:Aim: To find out the level of perception, knowledge and practices about menstruation among school girls
 Method : it was a prospective study done on 1000 adolscent school going girls from June 2011 to June 2013 studying in Govt, aided and private schools. A pre designed questionnaire was given to the students to know their knowledge, perception and practices regarding menstruation.
 Results : girls came to know about menstruation only after attaining menarche; they were isolated by their family members during menstruation leading to stress, anxiety and fear

[1]. Women's Gynecologic Health. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. 2011. p. 94.ISBN 9780763756376. [2]. "Menstruation and the menstrual cycle fact sheet". Office of Women's Health. December 23, 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2015. [3]. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on, Adolescence; American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Adolescent Health, Care; Diaz, A; Laufer, MR; Breech, LL (November 2006). "Menstruation in girls and adolescents: using the menstrual cycle as a vital sign.". Pediatrics 118 (5): 2245–50. PMID 17079600..

Abstract: Platelets play a key role in initiation of atherosclerosis and formation of coronary thrombus in coronary artery diseases (CAD). Active platelets are large in size and have a higher potential thrombotic ability, evaluation of their volume indices as indicator of their activity could be useful in prediction and differentiation of coronary events. This study evaluated the platelets volume indices in a group of Sudanese patients with CAD and compared with normal populations.

1]. Lippi G, Montagnana M, Salvagno GL, Guidi GC. Potential value for new diagnostic markers in the early recognition of acute coronary syndromes, CJEM,8, 2006, 27–31.
[2]. Trip MD, Cats VK, van Capelle FJL, et al. Platelet hyperreactivity and prognosis in survivors of myocardial infarction, New Engl J Med, 322, 1990, 1549–1554.
[3]. Boos CJ, Lip GY. Assessment of mean platelet volume in coronary artery disease, Thromb Res, 120, 2006, 11–13.
[4]. Nguyen TA, Diodati JG, Pharand C. Resistance to clopidogrel: a review of the evidence, J Am Coll Cardiol, 45, 2005, 1157–1164.
[5]. Boos CJ, Lip GY. Platelet activation and cardiovascular Outcomes in acute coronary syndromes, J Thromb Haemost, 4, 2006, 2542–2543..

Abstract: Tooth avulsion is the most serious dental injury that affects the pulp tissue, periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone. It is more frequent in children aged 7-14 years and mostly the maxillary anterior teeth are affected. Management of avulsed permanent tooth often presents a challenge. Replantation of avulsed tooth can be defined as the insertion and temporary fixation of avulsed tooth that have resulted by traumatic injury. The prognosis of replantation is directly related to few parameters like physiological status of periodontal ligament, extraoral handling of affected tooth, stage of root development, length of extaoral dry time and lastly the proper storage medium.

[1]. Kin oshita S, Kojima R, Taguchi Y, Noda T. Tooth replantation after traumatic avulsion: A report of ten cases. Dent Traumatol 2002;18:153-6.
[2]. Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM. Dental traumatology. Quo vadis Endod Dent Traumatol 1990;6:78-82.
[3]. Goldbeck AP, Haney KL. Replantation of an avulsed permanent maxillary incisor with an immature apex: Report of a case. Dent Traumatol 2008; 24:120-3. 4.Trope M. Current concepts in replantation of avulsed teeth. Alpha Omegan 1997;90:56-63.
[4]. Fidel SR, Santiago MR, Reis C, de Berredo Pinho MA, S´ergio Fidel RA. Successful treatment of a multiple dental trauma: Case report of combined avulsion and intrusion. Braz J Dent Traumatol 2009;1:32-7.
[5]. Andreasen JO. Effect of extra-alveolar period and storage media upon periodontal and pulpal healing after replantation of mature permanent incisors in monkeys. Int J Oral Surg 1981;10:43-5.
[6]. Khalilak Z, Shikholislami M, Mohajeri L. Delayed tooth replantation after traumatic avulsion: A case report. Iran Endod J 2008;3:86-9.

Abstract:This study aims at unravelling the characteristics of SNHL in DM and its relation to age, sex, duration ,family history, type of anti diabetic medication and control of DM.A total of 200 cases, 150 type 2 diabetic patients and 50 non diabetic(controls) cases between the age group of 20-55years were enrolled in the study. FBS and PPBS and HbA1c of all the subjects were done and later subjected to PTA. Bilaterally symmetrical graph were observed for both cases andcontrols. 81.3%diabetics showed significant high frequency SNHL and only 58% of non diabetic individuals showed high frequency SNHL, in an age group of 50-55years, suggesting age related changes.

[1] Kurien M., Thomas K, Bhanu T.S. "Hearing threshold in patients with diabetes mellitus", Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 1989 Feb; 103(2) : 164-168.
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[3] Virteniemi J et al, "Hearing thresholds in Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus", Journal of laryngology and Otology, 1994 ; 108 : 837-841.
[4] Tay HL, Ray N, Ohri R, "Diabetes mellitus and hearing loss", Clinical otolaryngology, 1995 ; 20 : 130-134.
[5] Ravi KV, Henderson A, "Sudden deafness as a sole presenting symptom of diabetes mellitus". Journal of laryngology and otology, 1996, Vol.110 ; 59-61.

Abstract: Objective: To Renaissance(meaning "rebirth") the art of Non Descent Vaginal Hysterectomy as a primary approach for benign pathology. Methods: A comparitive study of 50 patients who were admitted for hysterectomy with a wide range of indications and who underwent Non Descent Vaginal Hysterectomy orTotal Abdominal Hysterectomy or Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomywere studied. The outcomes were compared in terms of age group,indications, parity, surgery duration, post op complications, post op hospital stay, need for blood transfusion etc. Results: Majority of the patients were in age group of 40-49(46%)with a median of 44 years.

[1](wilcese, peterunte. Hysterectomy in U.S 1988-1990).

Abstract: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a persistent, progressive, pre-cancerous condition of the oral mucosa. Data from recent epidemiological studies provide evidence that areca nut is the main etiological factor for OSMF. A clear dose-dependent relationship was observed for both frequency and duration of chewing areca nut (without tobacco) in the development of OSMF. Limitation of mouth opening is the main presenting feature. Although nutritional deficiencies and immunological processes may play an important role in the pathogenesis. The available epidemiological evidence indicates that chewing betel quid (containing areca nut, tobacco, slaked lime or other species) is an important risk factor for OSMF. It has been postulated that areca nut may also induce the development of the disease by increased levels of cytokines in the lamina propria. Key Words:OSMF, Juxtra epithelial, Areca nut, Fibrous.

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