iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2016

Abstract: Cysticercosis caused by larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium, is a major public health problem.1 Humans are only definitive host of T. solium harbouring the adult tapeworm in the intestine (referred to as, taeniasis). Both humans and pigs act as intermediate hosts and harbour T. solium larvae in different internal organs (referred to as, cysticercosis) including the brain (referred to as, neurocysticercosis - NCC).2 Neurocysticercosis is central nervous system (CNS) infection with T. Solium,it isidentified as the single most common cause of community acquired active epilepsy cases in the developing world including India. It is also becoming more common in the developed world because of increased migration of people with the disease or Taenia solium carriers and frequent travel to the endemic countries.

[1] Garcia H H and Del Brutto O H. A Imaging findings in neurocysticercosis; Acta Tropica 2003;87:71–78.
[2] Prasad A, Gupta R K. Nath K, Pradhan S, Tripathi M, Pandey C Mand Prasad K N a .What riggers seizures in neurocysticercosis?– A MRI based Study in Pig Farming Community from a District of North India; ParasitolInt2008;55; 166–171.
[3] Escobar A and Neito D. Parasitic diseases; in Pathology of the nervous system (ed.) J Minckler (New York: McGraw-Hill) 1972;2503–2521.
[4] Teitelbaum GP, Otto RJ, Lin M, et al. MR imaging of neurocysticercosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989; 153(4):857–866.
[5] Yoshino K. Studies on the post-embryonal development of Taenia solium. III. On the development of Cysticercus cellulosae within the definitive intermediate host. J Med Assoc Formosa 1933; 32:166–169.
[6] White AC (1997) Neurocysticercosis: a major cause of neurological disease worldwide. Clin Infect Dis 24:101– 115.
[7] DelBrutto OH (1997) Neurocysticercosis. CurrOpinNeurol 10:268–272.
[8] Singhi P, Ray M, Singhi S, Khandelwal N, (2000). Clinical spectrum of 500 children with neurocysticercosis and response to albendazole therapy. J Child Neurol;15:207-13.

Abstract: Treatment of club foot is still a clinical challenge. The literature on clubfoot as a general rule, that of unvarying success. The increased failure rates among conservative management has lead to various surgical interventions. A recent study of clubfoot surgeries have come up with a high proportion of unsatisfactory results. The work of Illizarov showed encouraging results without the dreaded complication of infections. He believed that controlled mechanical stress lead to regeneration of soft tissues including skin, muscle, tendon, nerve.

[1]. Carroll,N.C:Preoperative clinical assessment of club foot. The club foot.Ed.G.W.Simons,97-98,SpringerVerlag,1994
[2]. Lehman,W.B.,Atar,D.Grant,A.D, Functional rating system for evaluation of the long term results of club foot surgery. The clubfoot. Ed.G.W.Simons,114-116,Springer Verlag,1994
[3]. Kite,J.H.: Conservative treatment of the resistant recurrent clubfoot.Clin.Orthop.Rel.Res.,70:93-110,1970
[4]. McKay,D.,New concepts of and approach to club foot treatment.section-2&3,J.Of Paediatr.orthop.vol.3.p:10-21,141-148.1983

Abstract: Previous studies have shown an increase in complications in diabetic patients undergoing or-thopaedic procedures, but there is limited information in relation to the outcome following the operative treat-ment of diaphyseal fractures of the tibia in the diabetic patients. So this study is done to assess the difference of fracture healing at clinically.

[1]. Cozen L. Does diabetes delay fracture healing?ClinOrthop 1972;82:134-40.
[2]. Loder R. The influence of diabetes mellitus on the healing of closed fractures. ClinOrthop 1988;232:210-6.
[3]. Herskind AM, Christensen K, Norgaard-Andersen K, Andersen JF. Diabetes mellitus and healing of closed fractures. Diabetes Metab 1992;18(1):63-4.
[4]. 14) Adami S. Bone health in diabetes: considerations for clinical management. Curr Med Res Opin 2009;25(5):1057-72.
[5]. Khazai NB, Beck Jr GR, Umpierrez GE. Diabetes and fractures: an overshadowed association. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2009;16(6):435-45.
[6]. Ohnishi T, Bandow K, Kakimoto K, Machigashira M, Matsuyama T, Matsuguchi T. Oxidative stress causes alveolar bone loss in metabolic syndrome model mice with type 2 diabetes. J Periodontal Res 2009;44(1):43-51.

Abstract: Tremendous advance in mechanization and fastness in travel have been accompanied by steep increase in number and severity of fractures and those of tibial plateau are no exception.Knee being one of the major weight bearing joints of the body ,fractures around it will be of paramount importance.This study is to analyze the functional outcome of CRIF or ORIF with or without bone grafting in tibial plateau fractures in adults.

[1]. Palmer I. Compression fracture of lateral tibial condyle and their treatment, JBJS1939; 2 (Am): 674.

[2]. Palmer I. Fracture of the upper end of tibia. J Bone & Joint Surg 1951; 33(Br): 160.

[3]. Apley A.G. Fractures of lateral tibial condyle treated by skeletal traction and early mobilization. J Bone & Joint Surg 1956; 383: 699.

[4]. Roberts J.M. Fractures of the condyles of tibia, An anatomical and clinical end result study of 100cases. J Bone & Joint Surg 1968; 50(Am): 1505.

[5]. Porter B.B. Crush fractures of lateral tibial table, factors influencing the prognosis. J Bone & Joint Surg 1970; 52(Br): 676.

[6]. Moore TM and Harvey JP. Roentgenographic measurement of tibial plateau depression due to fractures. J Bone & Joint Surg 1974; 56(Am): 155.

Abstract: Hypokalemia is a common clinical problem, the cause of which can usually be determined from the history (as with diuretic use, vomiting, or diarrhoea). In some cases, however, the diagnosis is not readily apparent and patient may have recurrent admission if cause has not been treated. so objective of this case report is stepwise approach should be followed in diagnosis of aetiology of hypokalemia.

[1]. Wong CS, Pavord ID, Williams J, et al. Bronchodilator, cardiovascular, and hypokalaemic effects of fenoterol, salbutamol, and terbutaline in asthma. Lancet. 1990;336:1396.
[2]. The Lancet Volume No. 336, Issue No. 8728
[3]. Goldenberg IF, Olivari MT, Levine TB, Cohn JN. Effect of dobutamine on plasma potassium in congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic or ischemic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 1989;63:843.
[4]. American Journal of Cardiology Volume No. 63, Issue No. 12.
[5]. Clemessy JL, Favier C, Borron SW, et al. Hypokalaemia related to acute chloroquine ingestion. Lancet. 1995;346:877.
[6]. The Lancet Volume No. 346, Issue No. 8979

Abstract: Objective: To share our surgical experience in treating inverted papilloma. Study Design: Retrospective study Setting: Tertiary referral Hospital Results: In our series majority of cases were done by external approach by lateral rhinotomy (50/70), the endoscopic assistance is required to ensure complete removal of the tumour to reduce the recurrence rates. A significant number (20/70) were done by exclusive transnasal endoscopic approach when the tumour is confined to middle meatus, maxillarysinus, frontal recess, ethmoid and sphenoid sinus. Overall recurrence rate was 22%

[1]. Bawa R, Allen GC, Ramadan HH. Cylindrical cell papilloma of the nasal septum. Ear Nose Throat J. 1995;74(3):179-181. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7729343. Accessed December 8, 2015.
[2]. Anari S, Carrie S. Sinonasal inverted papilloma: narrative review. J Laryngol Otol. 2010;124(7):705-715. doi:10.1017/S0022215110000599.
[3]. Shanmugaratnam K, Sobin LH. The World Health Organization histological classification of tumours of the upper respiratory tract and ear. A commentary on the second edition. Cancer. 1993;71(8):2689-2697. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8453591. Accessed December 8, 2015.
[4]. Cheng T-Y, Ueng S-H, Chen Y-L, Chang K-P, Chen T-M. Oncocytic schneiderian papilloma found in a recurrent chronic paranasal sinusitis. Chang Gung Med J. 29(3):336-341. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16924897. Accessed December 8, 2015.
[5]. Lawson W, Ho BT, Shaari CM, Biller HF. Inverted papilloma: a report of 112 cases. Laryngoscope. 1995;105(3 Pt 1):282-288. doi:10.1288/00005537-199503000-00011.
[6]. Lawson W, Kaufman MR, Biller HF. Treatment outcomes in the management of inverted papilloma: an analysis of 160 cases. Laryngoscope. 2003;113(9):1548-1556. doi:10.1097/00005537-200309000-00026.

Abstract: Hydatid cyst (HC) is a zoonotic infection of the human caused by Echinococcus granulosus. The disease poses an important public health problem in many areas of the World. HC may develop in almost any part of the body. Most hydatid cysts occur in the liver (59-75%), followed in frequency by the lung (27%). Involvement of the kidney (3%), bone (1-4%) and brain (1-2%) is rare. In this article, the imaging findings of the hydatid cysts in different localization are reviewed. Findings in brain, lung, heart, liver, kidney, intra- and retro-peritoneum, spleen, pancreas, ovary, soft tissue and spine are discussed.

Keywords: Echinococcosis; Hydatid Disease; Computed Tomography; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Ultrasonography

1]. Shah DS et al. Imaging Appereances of Hydatid Cyst. Ind J RadiolImag 2006 16:4:533-535
[2]. Kalinova K. Imaging (ultrasonography, computedTomography) of patients with hydatidLiver disease. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine (2007), 10, No 1, 45−51
[3]. Conn DB. Cestode infections of mammary glands and female reproductive organs: potential for vertical transmission? J HelmintholSoc Wash 1994;61:162–8.
[4]. Eckert J, Gottstein B, Heath D, Liu FJ. Prevention of echinococcosis in humans and safety precautions. In: Eckert J, Gemmell MA, Meslin F-X, Pawlowski ZS, eds. WHO/ OIE Manual on Echinococcosis in Humans and Animals: aPublic Health Problem of Global
[5]. Gharbi HA, Hassine W, Brauner MW, Dupuch K (1981). Ultra sound examination of the hydatic lover. Radiology 139:459–63

Abstract: The venereal diseases and their Clinical presentations were well known, hence we made an attempt to study the various Non Venereal male genital dermatoses in a Tertiary care center for a period of one year. With an aim to establish their etiology and review of literature. All the male patients who attended the DVL OP of Government General Hospital, Vijayawada, for a period of one year from October 2014 to September 2015 with genital complaints were examined and screened to rule out any Venereal diseases and HIV/AIDS. Only the Non Venereal genital deramtoses were identified and further investigated along with biopsy to establish the diagnosis and the results were analysed.

Key Words: Non Venereal Genital Dermatoses, Sexually Transmitted Infection

[1]. Karthikeyan KE, Jaishankar TJ, Thappa DM. Non-venereal dermatoses of male genital region-prevalence and pattern in a referral centre in South India. Indian J Dermatol 2001;46:18-22.
[2]. Khoo LS, Cheong WK. Common genital dermatoses in male patients attending a public sexually transmitted disease clinic in Singapore Ann Acad Med Singapore 1995;24-505-9
[3]. P.K.Saraswath,Anubhav garg. A study of pattern of nonvenereal genital dermatoses of male attending skin OPD at a tertiary care center .Indian J Sex Transm Dis 2014;35:129-34.

Abstract:The purpose of this study was to find association between Diabetic ischemic maculopathy and the platelet indices at JSS Hospital. Objectives:
 To identify if platelet indices is a biomarker for patients at risk of developing diabetic ischemic maculopathy
 To correlate between these markers and severity of diabetic ischaemic maculopathy.

[1]. Carr ME. Diabetes mellitus: A hypercoagulablestate.J Diabetes complications 2001;15:44-54
[2]. Mandal S, Sarode R, Dash S, Dash RJ. Hyperaagregation of platelets by whole blood platelet aggregometry in newly diagnosed non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J ClinPathol 1993;100:103-7
[3]. DolamuSokunbi, Nand K Wadhwa, Mark Solomon, HeesuckSuh.Thrombocytosis in Diabetic and Nondiabetic End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis.Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis. Conference on Peritoneal Dialysis[1993, 9:156-160]
[4]. Orhan; Kiki, İlhami; Bilen, Habip; Keleş et al. Association of Mean Platelet Volume With The Degree of Retinopathy in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. European Journal of General Medicine, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2009, pp. 99-102.
[5]. E Vagdatli, E Gounari, E Lazaridou, et al. Platelet distribution width: a simple, practical and specific marker of activation of coagulationHippokratia. 2010 Jan-Mar; 14(1): 28–32.

Abstract: Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB) is the most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding, accounting for 20% of gynaecology office visits (1). Regarding the medical management of DUB, there is ambiguity in an evidence based approach, marked variation in current practice and continuing uncertainty regarding the most appropriate therapy. There are very few studies comparing the effect of ormeloxifene and progesterone in DUB. The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of these two drugs, Norethisterone and Ormeloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, which is rapidly emerging as a safe and effective agent for dysfunctional uterine bleeding..

[1]. Awwad JT, Toth TL, Schiff I. Abnormal uterine bleeding in the perimenopause. Int J Fertil. 1993;38:261
[2]. Hallberg L, Hodgahl AM, Nilsson L, Rybo G. Menstrual blood loss- a population study Variation at different ages and attempts to define normality. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1966;45:320-51.
[3]. Coulter A, McPherson K, Vessey M. Do British women undergo too many or too few hysterectomies? Soc Sci Med 1988;27:987-94.
[4]. Coulter A, Kelland J, Peto V, Rees MCP. Treating menorrhagia in primary care. An overview of drug trials and a survey of prescribing practice. Int J Tech Assess Health Care 1995;11:456-71.
[5]. Winsor SHM, Fisher S, Hahn PM, Reid RL. Retrospective evaluation of the long term outcomes following conservative management of menorrhagia in ovulatory women. J Soc Obstet Gynecol Can 1999;2:155-63.
[6]. Bhattacharyya TK, Banerji A. Efficacy of a selective estrogen receptor modulator: "ormeloxifene‟ in management of dysfunctional uterine bleeding. South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2010;2:207-11.

Abstract: Literature review suggests that the quality of root canal treatments (RCTs) performed by general dental practitioners often do not meet acceptable standard. This is of concern because the bulk of endodontic procedures are carried out by this group of dentists. This survey was undertaken to evaluate the radiographic technical quality of RCT done by general dental practitioners at out centre. A one-year review of the records of adult patients whose RCTs were done by general practitioners was done. The list of the patients involved was compiled from the departmental records, following which their folders were retrieved from the Records Department. Socio demographic variables of the patients and the root-filled teeth were recorded. Post obturation periapical radiograph of the patients were also analyzed for adequacy of length, density and tapering as described by Román-Richon et al.and coronal restoration as described by Kalender et al.

[1]. Fonseka MCN, Jayasinghe RD, Abeysekara WPMM, Wettasinghe KA. Evaluation of The Radiographic Quality of Roots Filling, Performed By Undergraduates in the Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. IJRMHS. 2013; 1(3): 12-16.
[2]. Mindiola MJ, Mickel AK, Sami C, Jones JJ, Lalumandier JA, Nelson SS. Endodontic Treatment in an American Indian Population: A 10-Year Retrospective Study. J Endod 2006; 32 (9):828–832.
[3]. Tarim Ertas E, Ertas H, Sisman Y, Sagsen B, Er O. Radiographic Assessment of the Technical Quality and Periapical Health of Root-Filled Teeth Performed by General Practitioners in a Turkish Subpopulation. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013;2013:514841. doi: 10.1155/2013/514841.Epub 2013 Feb 2. Accessed on 11th November, 2015.
[4]. Santos SM, Soares JA, César CA, Brito-Júnior M, Moreira AN, Magalhães CS. Radiographic Quality of Root Canal Fillings Performed in a Postgraduate Program in Endodontics. Braz Dent J. 2010; 21 (4):315-21.
[5]. Gautam S, Thapa A, Rajkumar B. Reasons for failure of nonsurgical root canal treatment in Nepali population. Nepal Med Coll J. 2012; 14(2): 142-145.

Abstract: "Hangman´s fracture" and Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of Axis( ATS )are terms described for bilateral pars fracture of C2.Traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis (TSA) was first described by Haughton in 1866(1). Wood-Jones described in 1913, in cases of judicial hanging.(2) In 1964, Garber(3) described C2 pedicle fractures with the forward dislocation of the C2 body in patients who were victims of motor vehicle accidents, what was denominated "Axis Traumatic Spondylolisthesis". In 1965, Schneider et al (4) coined the term "Hangman´s Fracture".

[1]. Coric D, Wilson JA, Kelly DL Jr.Treatment of traumatic spondylolisthesisof the axis with nonrigid immobilization: a review of 64 cases. J Neurosurg 1996;85:550-554.
[2]. Wood-Jones F. The ideal lesion produced by judicial hanging. Lancet1913;1:53-54.
[3]. Garber JN. Abnormalities of the atlas and axis vertebrae – congenital and traumatic. J Bone Joint Surg 1964;46: 1782-1791.
[4]. Schneider RC, Livingston KE, Cave AJE. "Hangman's frature" of the cervical spine. J Neurosurg 1965;22:141-154.
[5]. Greene KA, Dickman CA, Marciano FF, Drabier JB, Hadley MN, Sonntag : Acute axis fractures: Analysis of management and outcome in 340 consecutive cases. Spine 1997;22:1843–1852,.

Abstract: The obstetric and fetal outcome in pregnant women with a history of previous caesarean section are studied. All the following factors are observed and studied in this work. Factors studied are Route of delivery, Incidence of vaginal delivery following LSCS, Incidence of scar dehiscence/scar rupture, Maternal mortality and morbidity determined by any one or more of the following: Haemorrhage, blood transfusion requirement, viscus injury, wound infection, endometritis, hysterectomy and thromboembolism, Fetal outcome (as a consequency to intrapartum events(: Admission to neonatal intensive care unit (including reason for admission), one and five minute Apgar score, perinatal mortality and couponed to other studies.

Keywords : Caesarean Section, VBAC (vaginal birth after caesarian ), scar dehiscence , foetal monitoring, Doppler.

[1]. Cunningham F. Caesarean Section and Caesarean Hysterectomy, Williams Obstetrics. 19th Edition, Chapter 26 ; 1993 : 591.
[2]. Curtin SC. Rates of caesarean birth and VBAC, 1991-95. Monthly vital statistics report ; 45(11) Suppl 3 Hyattsville (MD) : National center for Health statistics ; 1997.
[3]. Rates of caesarean delivery – United States, 1991 – MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1993 ; 42 : 285-9.
[4]. Stafford RS. Alternative strategies for controlling rising caesarean section rates. JAMA 1990; 263 : 683-7.
[5]. Khotaba S, Volfson M, Tarazova L et al. Induction of labour in women with previous cesarean section using the double balloon device. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001;80:1041-2.

Abstract: The worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus has risen dramatically over the past two decades from estimated 30 million cases in 1985 to 177 million in 2000. Based on current trends, this prevalence is expected to rise to 366 million people in the year 2030. Several epidemiologic and clinical studies indicate a direct relation between hyperglycemia and neuropathy, retinopathy, atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.1 This study is an attempt to evaluate the diagnostic value of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in predicting diabetic dyslipidemia.

[1]. Ferri‟s Clinical Advisor 2016:5 books in 1.Elsevier Health Sciences.2015.p.735.ISBN 9780323378222.
[2]. Hogue JD.Office evaluation of Dizziness. Primary care.2015;42(2):249-58.
[3]. Walker MF.Treatment of vestibular neuritis. Curr Treat 0ptions Neurol.2009;11(1):41-5.
[4]. JeongSH,KimHJ,KimJS.Vestibularneuritis.Semin Neurol.2013;33(3):185-94.
[5]. Greco A,MacriGF,GalloA,etal.Is vestibular neuritis an immune related vestibular neuropathy inducing vertigo ?.J Immunol Res.2014;459048.PMID 24741601.

Abstract: All-ceramic zirconia restorations veneered with porcelain materials, show high strength, excellent bio compatibility and good estetic. Some mechanical damages happen during the functional masticatory load, and chipping is most common. There are several reasons for this complication, and they are lower bond strength, mismatch of the KTE (coefficient for thermal expansion) of both materials, premature contacts, and lower flexure strength of the veneering porcelain. The aim of the study is to evaluate and analyze the flexure strength of three veneering ceramics for all-ceramic restoration. Veneering porcelain for metal-ceramic restorations is used as control group. Results for flexure strength of the veneering ceramics showed that all-ceramic veneering materials have similar strength values, but they are still lower than strength value for control group of metal-ceramic material. There must be effort to improve strength properties of the veneering ceramics for zirconium pointed towards increasing of the mechanical strength and thermal coefficients adjutancy

Keywords zirconia, dental ceramic, flexure strength, chipping, all-ceramic

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[3]. KJ Anusavice. Mechanical properties of dental materials. 'Phillips' science of dental materials'. 93 (11), 2003, 521-530.
[4]. JE Ritter. Critique of test methods for lifetime predictions. Dent Mater, 11(2), 1995, 147- 51.
[5]. JE Ritter. Predicting lifetimes of materials and material structures. Dent Mater, 11(2), 1995, 142-146.
[6]. ANSI/ADA.Specification No.69-1991. Revised American National Standard/American Dental Association Specification No. 69 DENTAL CERAMIC