iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-11 ~ November-2017

Abstract: Focal liver lesions are one of the most common findings detected in day to day practice. Ultrasound, now a day, has become first choice of investigation for screening of patients with suspected liver diseases as Focal liver lesions mainly comprise of liver abscess, cystic lesions, primary malignant neoplasm metastases, focal fatty infiltrations and hematoma. Due to non-specific signs and symptoms of such lesions and having limitations in diagnosing these lesions by biochemical tests, real-time ultrasonography has been proven as one of the most economical and accurate modality in diagnosis of focal liver lesions. It gives valuable information regarding specific parameters such as site, size.............

Keywords –Focal liver lesions, Doppler Ultrasound Machine, Free hand technique.

[1]. Dodd GD, Esola CC, Memel DS, et al. Sonography: the undiscovered jewel of interventional radiology. Radiographics 1996;16:1271±88.
[2]. Pons F, Llovet JM. Approaching focal liver lesions. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2004;96: 567-5.
[3]. Pasha T, Gabriel S, Therneau T, Dickson ER, Lindor KD. Cost-eVectiveness of ultrasound-guided liver biopsy. Hepatology 1998;27:1220±6.
[4]. 4.Stotland BR, Lichtenstein GR. Liver complications and routine ultrasound. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:1295±6.
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Abstract: Introduction:Head injuries are common in all age groups, the incidence of head injuries in old age groups have shooted up in recent past throughout globally, the reason behind this is,increased life expectancy and thereby adapting to more active life style in older age groups, the aim of this study is to identify the better method of approaching in such patients who sustain head injuries and thereby help in reducing mortality, morbidity and disability in this group of patients. Objective:Theaim of this study is to identify the treatment approach in old age groups who sustain head injuries to minimize morbidity and mortality.............

Keywords –Head injuries, Old age, Morbidity, Mortality, Geriatric care units.

[1]. Central S. Office. Situation Analysis of the Elderly in India. Available at: http://www.mospi.nic.in/mospi_new/upload/elderly_in_india.pdf. Accessed July 21, 2016

[2]. India’s Elderly Population. Some Fundamentals. March 8, 2013. General Knowledge Today. http://www.gktoday.in/indias-elderlypopulation-some-fundamentals/. Accessed July 21, 2016

[3]. Das A, Botticello AL, Wylie GR, Radhakrishnan K. Neurologic disability: a hidden epidemic for India. Neurology 2012;79(21):2146-2147

[4]. Broos PL, D’Hoore A, Vanderschot P, Rommens PM, Stapperts KH. Multiple trauma in elderly patients. Factors influencing outcome: importance of aggressive care. Injury 1993;24(06):365-368

[5]. Morris JA Jr, MacKenzie EJ, Damiano AM, Bass SM. Mortality in trauma patients: the interaction between host factors and severity. J Trauma 1990;30(12):1476-1482.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical subtyping of glaucoma in a tertiary care hospital in North India. This prospective study involved 200 patients of glaucoma attending the Ophthalmology OPD of a tertiary care centre. The work up history and ophthalmic examination of patients was done. Standard definitions for various glaucoma subtypes were used for diagnosis. The diagnosis was made by a senior consultant in all cases. Compared to the Western population, angle closure glaucoma patients are more in Indian population. PACG is the most commonly encountered glaucoma. CACG is most common subtype of PACG with a female dominance............

Keywords: Glaucoma, subtyping, POAG, PACG, ACG.

[1]. Falkenberg HK, Bex PJ. Sources of motion-sensitivity loss in glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.2007;16 (6): 2913–21.
[2]. Coleman AL. Glaucoma. Lancet 1999; 354 (9192):1803–10.
[3]. Tham YC, Li X, Wong TY, Quigley HA, Aung T, Cheng CY. Global Prevalence of Glaucoma and Projections of Glaucoma Burden through 2040: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ophthalmology 2014; 121 (11):2081-90.
[4]. Das J, Bhomaj S, Chaudhuri Z, Sharma P, Negi A, Dasgupta A. Profile of glaucoma in a major eye hospital in North India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2001; 49(1):25-30.
[5]. Mansukani S. On Managed Care's Doorstep, Glaucoma. P & T Digest. 2002; 11 Suppl 11:S6-10.
[6]. Stamper RL, Lieberman MF, Drake MV. Becker – Shaffer's Diagnosis and Therapy of the Glaucomas. 8th edition. 2009.

Abstract: Purpose: To compare the equivalence of moxifloxacin 0.5% with a combination of fortifiedcefazolin sodium 5% and tobramycin sulfate 1.3% eye drops in the treatment of moderate bacterial corneal ulcers. Design:Randomized, controlled, equivalence clinical trial. Participants and Controls: Microbiologically proven cases of bacterial corneal ulcers wereenrolled in the study and were allocated randomly to 1 of the 2 treatment groups. Intervention: Group A was given combination therapy (fortified cefazolin sodium 5% andtobramycin sulfate) and group B was given monotherapy (moxifloxacin 0.5%)............

Keywords: Moderate corneal ulcer,moxifloxicilin,fortifieddrops,ulcer healing

[1]. Whitcher JP, Srinivasan M, Upadhyay MP. Corneal blindness: a global perspective. Bull World Health Organ 2001;79:214 –21.
[2]. Schaefer F, Bruttin O, Zografos L, Guex-Crosier Y. Bacterial keratitis: a prospective clinical and microbiological study. Br J Ophthalmol 2001;85:842–7.
[3]. Bennett HG, Hay J, Kirkness CM, et al. Antimicrobial man- agement of presumed microbial keratitis: guidelines for treat- ment of central and peripheral ulcers. Br J Ophthalmol 1998; 82:137– 45.
[4]. Blondeau JM. Fluoroquinolones: mechanism of action, clas- sification, and development of resistance. SurvOphthalmol 2004;49(suppl):S73– 8.
[5]. Arici MK, Sümer Z, Güler C, et al. In vitro potency and stability of fortified ophthalmic antibiotics. Aust N Z J Oph- thalmol 1999;27:426 –30.

Abstract: Tonsillitis is common among children but the incidence and inflammatory responses varies according to gender, race, and age of the patients. The present study was designed to determine association strength between sex and age with immune response parameters, between expression of CD14 and inflammatory cytokines, and between cytokines molecules IFN-γ and TNF-α in Indonesian children with recurrent tonsillitis. Following informed concent, venous blood of the children (17 boys and 14 girls) were taken and divided into two parts. The first part (1 ml) was subjected to CD14+ leukocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils) analysis by whole-blood flowcytometry-based method. The second part (3 ml) was prepared for serum cytokine measurement using sandwich ELISA method............

Keywords: Recurrent tonsillitis, inflammatory response, CD14 cells, leukocyte, cytokine, IFN-γ, TNF-α

[1]. Kvestad E., Kværner K.J., Røysamb E., Tambs K., Harris J.R. and Magnus P. Heritability of Recurrent Tonsillitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;131:383-387
[2]. Mogoantă C.A., Ioniţă E., Pirici D., Mitroi M., Anghelina F., Ciolofan S. and Pătru E. Chronic tonsillitis: histological and immunohistochemical aspects. Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology , 2008; 49(3):381–386
[3]. Matsushima K., Terashima Y., Toda E., Shand F. and Ueha S. Chemokines in inflammatory and immune diseases. Inflammation and Regeneration, 2011; 31(1):11-22.
[4]. Hardy A.N. Incidence and Impact of Selected Infectious Diseases in Childhood. Vital and health statistics: Series 10, Data from the Nattonal Health Interwew Survey: No 180 (DHHS Publication: No (PHS) 91 1508) Based on data from the 1988 National Health Interwew Survey of Child Health. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_180.pdf [5]. Glover J.A.The Incidence of Tonsillectomy in School children. International Journal of Epidemiology, 2008; 37(1): 9–19, https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dym258

Abstract: Introduction: Onset of menstruation is considered as a landmark in the growth and development of an adolescent girl.The age of onset and pattern of menstrual cycle depend on a number of factors. Present study was undertaken to find out the menstrual patterns and problems amongdegree college students of Visakhapatnam Aims: To find out menstrual patterns, problems and practices in degree students. Methodology: A total of 100 students in the age group of 16-20years studying in a degree college were asked to answer a pretested and validated questionnaire. Data regarding age of menarche, menstrual hygiene, menstrual patterns, complaints were elicited................

Keywords: Adolescents,Menstrual problems,Premenstrual syndrome

[1]. Hanson M, Gluckman P. Evolution: Development and timing of puberty. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 2006; 17 (1):7-12.
[2]. Dawn CS. Undergraduate and Postgraduate textbook of Gynaecology and Contraception 10th edition. Dawn Books, Kolkata. 1990.
[3]. Kumar R, Singh M, A, Kaur M. Reproductive health behaviour of rural women. J Indian Med Assoc1994;93:128-131.
[4]. Bhatia JC, Cleland J. Reported symptoms of gynaecological morbidity and their treatment in South India. Stud Fam Plann1995;26:203-216.
[5]. Sachar RK, Harinder Singh, Soni RK et al. A Cross sectional study of growth parameters of rural adolescent girls of Punjab; Indian Journal of Maternal and Child Health. 1997;8(1):21-25.

Abstract: During last 15 years, Osseo integrated dental implants have significantly changed dental rehabilitation sciences. To assess these patients pre & post operatively, CT software programmes like Dentascan ( GE medical Systems) or Syngo Dental CT (Siemens H) were developed that allow interpreting the patient jaws in all three conventional planes (e.g. Axial, Coronal and Sagital) as well as in panoramic and crossectional images as an additional. The purpose of this article is to familiarize the authors about the software programme and its application in implant dentistry practice.

Keywords: Dentascan, Implant Planning, Bone morphology

[1]. James J. Abrahams and Arjun Kalyanpur; "Dental Implants and Dental CT software Programmes" Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI, Vol. 16, No 6 (December), 1995: 468- 486
[2]. Laurie M. Lomasney, Mark J. Steinberg; " Computerized Imaging Before Patient Undergo Dental Implantation", American Journal of Roentgenology, 172; May 1999: 1439- 1446.
[3]. Richard A. Kraut, "A case for routine Computed Tomography imaging of the dental alveolus before implant placement", J Oral Maxillofac Surgery, 59: 64-67, 2001
[4]. Siddhartha Chandel, Amiya Agarwal, Nishi Singh, Ankita Singh, " Dentascan: A diagnostic Boon", Journal of Dental Sciences and Research; Vol-4, Issue 1; 13- 17. 2013
[5]. James J. Abrahams, "Dental CT imaging: Look at the Jaw" Radiology, 219: 334- 345, 2001.

Abstract: sarcomas are rare variety of malignant tumours arising from mesodermal cells. The paratetsticular sarcomas constitute major proportion of primary tumours of paratesticular area. These tumours often pose diagnostic difficulty and it is wise to consider histological examination before going for surgery. We report a case of undifferentiated sarcoma in 84year old male patient presented as slowly growing mass in the left inguinal region.

[1]. Sogani PC, Grabstald H, Whitmore WF. Spermatic cord sarcoma in adults.J Urol 1978; 120: 301–5.
[2]. Henricks WH, Chu YC, Goldblum JR, Weiss SW. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma: a clinicopathological analysis of 155 cases with a proposal for an expanded definition of dedifferentiation. Am J SurgPathol 1997; 21: 271–81.
[3]. Sclama AO, Berger BW, Cherry JM, Young JD Jr. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the spermatic cord: the role ofretroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in management. J Urol 1983; 130: 577–9.
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[5]. Gowing NFC, Morgan AD. Paratesticulartumors of connective tissue and muscle. In: Pugh RCB, ed. The pathology of the testis. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publ, 1976: 317–33.

Abstract: Introduction- India being a vast democracy needs police force to maintain its democracy with minimum of crime and violence. The police force in India caters to the needs of its citizens by its personnel including various ranked officers, inspectors, and subordinates etc. Police personnel need to face situations which demand extremes in terms of emotions, physical stress, mental stress and other stresses due to shortage of staff , poor infrastructure and other associated factors. Of late studies across the globe have started to document the ill effects of these factors in terms of their cardiac health and mental health . Studies in India are few and mostly confined to southern parts of the country . This...............

Keywords: Police Personnel ,Cardio Vascular Disease- Risk Factor ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Darbhanga ,India

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Abstract: Aim: To study the cytomorphological spectrum of head and neck lesions in pediatric patients , correlating with histopathological examination wherever necessary. Material and Methods: This is a hospital based, prospective study conducted Over a period of 2 years from January 2015 to December 2016. Results: FNAC was performed on 7335 patients . Out of which 300 cases belonged to 0-12 years age group. Among these Cervical lymphnodes are the most commonly affected (210 cases , & 69.7%), in which Granulomatous lymphadenitis and Reactive lymphadenitis are the frequently encountered lesions. Second most common site is Thyroid followed by skin & soft tissues , lesions of salivary gland and oral cavity lesion are also encountered.............

Keywords: Fine needle aspiration cytology, pediatric lesions, granulomatous lymphadenitis, Reactive lymphadenitis.

[1]. EI Hah IA ,Chiedozi LC ,alReyees FA , Kollur SM. Fine needle aspiration cytology of head and neck masses. Seven years experience in a secondary care hospital . ActaCytol . 2003;47:387—92
[2]. Mittra P , Bharti R , Pandey MK . Role of Fine needle aspiration cytology in head and neck lesions of pediatric age group . Journal of clinical and Diagnostic research, 2013; 7:1055 –1058
[3]. SaadRS , Singh H K , Silverman FJ . Fine needle aspiration cytology . In ;Orell SR , Sterett GF , editors . Pediatric Tumors . 5thedition . New Delhi ; Churchill Livingstone Ltd .2012 . pp 445—67.
[4]. Bakshi P , Srinivasan R . Rao KL . Marwaha RK , Gupta N , Das A , et al . Fine needle aspiration biopsy in Pediatric space occupying lesions of liver . A retrospective study evaluating its role and diagnostic efficacy . J PediatrSurg .2006 .41 ; 19o3 –8.
[5]. Khan RA , Wahab S , Chana RS , Naseem S, Siddique S. Children with significant cervical lymphadenopathy ; clinicopathological analysis and role of fine needle aspiration in Indian set up . J pediatr (Rio J ) 2008 ; 84 : 499—54.

Abstract: Introduction: Peptic perforation is a common surgical emergency presenting as acute abdomen. Perforation which is potentially the most serious complication for the ulcer patient is fortunately rare. It is probably not seen in more than 2% of the patients suffering from peptic ulceration. The accepted therapeutic options in perforated peptic ulcer are simple closure or immediate definitive operation. Conservative/ non- surgical treatment, originally proposed by Wangensteen, was recommended as the treatment of choice in perforated peptic ulcer by Taylor in 1956...............

Keywords: Peptic Perforation, dry perforation, Non-Surgical Management

[1]. Lau. W. Y.,Leow C.K; History of perforate duodenal and gastric ulcer. World J. SUrg. 1997, Oct. 21(8): 890-896
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[5]. Taylor H; Non-Surgical treatment of perforated peptic ulcer. Gasteroenterology 1957; 33: 353-68.

Abstract: Intraocular lens power calculation in children is very much different from that of adults. However, various formulae (SRK T, SRK II, Holladay, Hoffer-Q) which are designed for adults eyes are being used for IOL power calculation in children. Hence we made an attempt to determine the appropriate formula for IOL power calculation in children. A retrospective analysis was conducted over a period of two years among 54 children- 34 boys and 20 girls; aged between 4 and 15 years; a total of 80 eyes (26 bilateral cataract and 28 unilateral cataract)- who were operated for congenital and developmental cataract. The predictive error of <0.5D (not significant) with SRK/T, SRK/II, Holladay-1 and Hoffer-Q formulae were 35%, 32.5%, 37.5% and 40% of eyes respectively. With regard to the ratio of eyes showing least APE according to SRK/T, SRK/II, Holladay-1 and Hoffer-Q formulae were 23.7%, 22.5%, 18.7% and 35%...........

Keywords: Intraocular lens power calculation, Predictive error, Absolute Predictive error

[1] WHO. Geneva: WHO ; 2000. Preventing blindness in children: report of WHO/IAPB scientific meeting. Programme for prevention of blindness and deafness and International Agency for prevention of blindness.
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Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus members. J AAPOS 2003;7:400 –5.
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Abstract: La glomérulonéphrite extramembraneuse est l'une des causes les plus fréquentes de syndrome néphrotique chez l'adulte. Elle peut se rencontrer au cours du lupus, après prise médicamenteuse, compliquer un cancer, ou encore être secondaire à une hépatite B, une syphilis. Mais, le plus souvent, elle est dite idiopathique, en rapport avec la présence d'auto-anticorps, au premier rang desquels un anticorps dirigé contre une protéine podocytaire : le récepteur de type M de la phospholipase A2. Cependant, la découverte de ces anticorps ne résout pas toutes les situations rencontrées, comme l'illustre l'existence de glomérulonéphrites extramembraneuses secondaires avec activité..............

Keywords: glomérulonéphrite extramembraneuse, anticoprs anti-PLA2R , liposarcome

[1]. Beck Jr LH, Bonegio RG, Lambeau G, Beck DM, Powell DW, Cummins TD, et al. M‐type phospholipase A2 receptor as target antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2009;361:11–21.
[2]. Falk RJ, Jennette JC, Nachman PH. Primaryglomerulardisease. In:Brenner BM (ed.). Brenner &Rector's the Kidney. Philadelphia:Saunders, 2004, 1293–1380.
[3]. Lefaucheur C, Stengel B, Nochy D et al. Membranous nephropathy and cancer: Epidemiologic evidence and determinants of high-risk cancer association. Kidney Int. 2006 Oct;70(8):1510-7. Epub 2006 Aug 30.
[4]. Glassock RJ: Diagnosis and natural course of membranous nephropathy. Semin Nephrol 2003, 23:324–332.
[5]. Porter G.A., Baxter N.N., and Pisters P.W.: Retroperitoneal sarcoma: a population-based analysis of epidemiology, surgery, and radiotherapy. Cancer 2006; 106: pp. 1610-1616.

Abstract: The urinary tract infection (UTI) which affects any part of the urinary tract is one of the most common paediatric infections that may cause permanent kidney damage. The most common causative organisms are bowel flora. Schistosomiasis, a neglected parasitic tropical disease is one of the major public health problems facing developing countries. School-aged children are at the greatest risk of acquiring Schistosomiasis. The complexity of Schistosomiasis morbidity is associated with its co-infection with bacteriuria. Against this background, current information on the prevalence of urinary Schistosomiasis, as well as associated bacteriuria co-infection is necessary for effective control of the disease. We therefore investigated the current prevalence of urinary Schistosomiasis and co-...........

Keywords: Schistosomiasis, Urinary tract infection, School-aged children

[1]. Zorc JJ, Kiddoo DA, Shaw KN. Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2005;18 (2); 417–422.
[2]. Hickling DR, Sun T-T, Wu X-R. Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary Tract: Relation to Host Defence and Microbial Infection. Microbiology spectrum,2015; 3(4):10.1128/microbiolspec.UTI-0016-2012.
[3]. Hay A, Sterne J, Hood K, et al. Improving the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection in Young Children in Primary Care: Results from the DUTY Prospective Diagnostic Cohort Study Ann Fam Med. 2016; 14:325-336.
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