iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-11 ~ November-2017

Abstract: The patient was a 24years old Primigravida who was referred to our institute from a Karwar health centre at 35wks gestation as a case of severe oligohydramnios for further management. The patient was otherwise healthy, with no history of drug abuse or genetic illness in the family. She had documented reduced liquor in a prior scan at 20-22wks gestation. Her OGCT 75g glucose (DIPSI guidelines) was increased 140mg%, which was done at 23 weeks gestation. Fasting and post prandial values were 150 and 203mg%. On clinical examination liquor was grossly reduced, with no demonstrable liquor pocket on ultrasound. Fetal MRI was performed in the evaluation of this severe oligohydramnios, in..........

1. Valenzano M, Paoletti R, Rossi A, Farinini D, Garlaschi G, Fulcheri E. Sirenomelia. Pathological features, antenatal ultrasonographic clues, and a review of current embryogenic theories. Hum Reprod Update. 1999;5:82–6.

2. Reddy KR, Srinivas S, Kumar S, Reddy S, Hariprasad Irfan GM. Sirenomelia a rare presentation. J Neonatal Surg. 2012;1:7.

3. Aslan H, Yanik H, Celikaslan N, Yildirim G, Ceylan Y. Prenatal diagnosis of Caudal regression syndrome: A case report. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2001;1:8.

4. Sadler TW, Rasmussen SA. Examining the evidence for vascular pathogenesis of selected birth defects. Am J Med Genet A. 2010;152A:2426–36.

5. 8. Duesterhoeft SM, Ernst LM, Siebert JR, Kapur RP. Five cases of caudal regression with an aberrant abdominal umbilical artery: Further support for a caudal regression-sirenomelia spectrum. Am J Med Genet A. 2007;143A:3175–84.

Abstract: The present study comprises 100 patients admitted in head injury unit (NEUROSURGERY department) of government general hospital Guntur. Aims And Objectives Of Study • To study the incidence of ophthalmological manifestations in head injuries • To study the distribution of age and sex incidence in these cases • To study the prevalence of ocular manifestations in head injuries & eye involvement in rural & urbanareas. • To study the incidence of probable aetiology................

[1]. Parsons diseases of eye. 21st edition.
[2]. Jack kanski clinical ophthalmology 7th edition. duke elder injuries vol.13
[3]. Textbook of ophthalmology by kenneth
[4]. w.wright optic nerve lesions.
[5]. Frank j. bajandas neuro-ophthalmology review manual Albert and jacobeic.

Abstract: This study was done on 100 eyes of 50 patients at Government General Hospital, Guntur.The primary aim of the study is to evaluate , Clinical staging of the disease at presentation and to manage it and to evaluate the visual outcome after medical management including anti VEGF agents and laser. Inclusion Criteria • Diabetic patients attending ophthalmology outpatient department • All patients who are known diabetics ( type 1 and type 2) • Duration of diabetes more than 3 years • Visual acuity of 6/9 to PL+..............

[1]. System of Ophthalmology, Vol-X, Diseases of Retina, Sir Stewart Duke Elder.
[2]. Retina, Stephen J Ryan, 3' edition, Mosby.
[3]. Modern Ophthalmology, L. C.Dutta, third edition Jaypee.
[4]. Argon laser Photocoagulation Little.
[5]. System of Ophthalmology, second edition, Jakobie..

Abstract: Nearly ninety percent of post-menopausal females with endometrial cancer report a vaginal bleeding experience. Objectives: To find correlation of radiological and histopathological findings so that early evaluation of malignancy can be done in a rural population of eastern India. Materials And Methods: The Present Study included 50 Patients with abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women, aged between 45-70 years. All patients were subjected to transvaginal-utlrasonographic evaluation of the endometrium and the results were correlated to the histo-pathological picture of the endometrium after curettage in an attempt to discriminate normal endometrium from abnormal pathological patterns. Results And Analysis: Thirteen patients (26%) had pathological findings. There was significant difference in the mean endometrial thickness of non-pathological and abnormal endometrium in postmenopausal patients with Pvalue <0.001**. Among the thirteen patients with pathological findings eight had endometrial hyperplasia, two had polyp and three had malignancies..........

Keywords: Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding, transvaginal ultrasonography, clinical correlation

[1]. Nasri MN, Shepherd JH, Setchell ME, Lowe DG, Chard T; The role of vaginal scan in measurement of endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women.Br J ObstetGynaecol. 1991 ;98(5):470-5.
[2]. Van den Bosch T, Van Schoubroeck D, Domali E, Vergote I, Moerman P, Amant F, Timmerman D; A thin and regular endometrium on ultrasound is very unlikely in patients with endometrial
[3]. malignancy.UltrasoundObstet Gynecol. 2007 ;29(6):674-9.
[4]. Opolskiene G, Sladkevicius P, Valentin L. Ultrasound assessment of endometrial morphology and vascularity to predict endometrial malignancy in women with postmenopausal bleeding and sonographic endometrial thickness >or= 4.5 mm.UltrasoundObstet Gynecol. 2007 ;30(3):332-40
[5]. Curcić A, Segedi D, Belopavlović Z, PetrovićD;Transvaginalsonography of the postmenopausal endometrium.Med Pregl. 2000 ;53(1-2):59-63.

Abstract: Aim: To study the relationship between glycaemic control and the onset, progression and severity of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic individuals 2 Patients And Methods: The present study was done from june 2017 to august 2017 on 100 patients having diabetic retinopathy who attended the OPD of Ophthalmology, GGH, Guntur. Retinopathy will be assessed by retinal examination with Direct/Indirect Ophthalmoscopy, Fundus photography, Fundus flourescin angiography (FFA), B- Scan ultrasonography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Staging of retinopathy will be determined basing on the ETDRS (Early treatment diabetic retinopathy study) which is the standard classification system accepted world over. HbA1C will be measured by standardized assay high performance liquid chromatography............

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic retinopathy, Glycosylated haemoglobin[HbA1c].

[1]. Stephen J.Ryan- Retinal vascular diseases
[2]. The Diabetes Control and Complication Trial Research Group. The effectof intensive t reatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N. Engl J Med 1993:329
[3]. Stratton I.M et.al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and micro-vascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): Prospective observational study BMJ 2000, 321
[4]. Jack J Kanski, Brad Bowling-clinical ophthalmology-
[5]. A Systematic approach.

Abstract: Objective: A comparative study to evaluate the Awareness of Safe Abortion and Emergency Contraception among rural and urban women of reproductive age. Methodology: A cross sectional prospective study was conducted among 500 married women between age group of 18-45 years attending OBG OPD at Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital, Bharath University, Chrompet, Chennai, India by employing random sampling method. All the women willing to participate were interviewed with pre-tested questionnaire after obtaining informed consent. Results: Out of 500 women studied, age of participants, years of marital life, educational status of the patient and spouse, socio-economic status, religion, working status and parity had significant role in the assessment of knowledge and attitude on safe abortion and emergency contraception use...........

Keywords: Contraception, knowledge, acceptance, practice, unmet need.

[1]. Unsafe abortion: global and regional estimates of the incidence of unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2008 Sixth edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011. Available online at
[2]. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501118_eng.pdf.
[3]. World Health Organisation. Unsafe abortion. Global and regional estimates of the incidence of unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2003 5th ed . Geneva : World Health Organisation, 2007.
[4]. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241596121_eng.pdf.
[5]. Consensus statement on emergency contraception. Contraception 1995;52(4):211-3.

Abstract: Critical disorders such as severe burns, sepsis, brain damage and heart failure leads to fluid and electrolyte disturbances. A high suspicion, timely recognition and thorough understanding of common electrolyte abnormalities is necessary to ensure their corrections in critically ill children. Objective: to study the electrolyte abnormalities in PICU children and their association with clinical outcome. Materials And Methods: This was a hospital based prospective observational study conducted on 132 Pediatric Intensive Care Unit admitted children at Niloufer Hopsital, Hyderabad, Telangana. The children were investigated for serum electrolytes and arterial blood gas analysis. Results: Among the 132 children studied, 71 (53.79%) had electrolyte abnormalities, 26 (19.69%) had metabolic acidosis. In children with electrolyte abnormalities 29 (40.85%) had hyponatremia, 9 (12.68%) had hypernatremia, 13 (18.31%) had hyperkalemia, 8 (11.27%) had hypokalemia. Children with electrolyte abnormality had increased duration of stay in PICU with mean duration of 4.71 days...........

Keywords: Pediatric intensive care unit, electrolytes, acidosis, critically ill child

[1]. kliegman, Stanton , St geme, schor, Nelson textbook of pediatrics edition 20 chapter 65 page no (474-476,353-354).
[2]. piyush gupta ,PSN Menon PG TEXTBOOK OF PEDIATRICS first edition volume 1 page no 223
[3]. Jay wook lee, fluid and electrolyte imbalance in critically ill patient Electrolyte Blood press.2010 December ;(2) 72-81. Published online 2010 december 31.doi:10.5049/EBP.2010.8.2.72
[4]. bouchard J ,Soroko SB, chertow GM, et al. Fluid accumulation, survival and recovery of kidney function in critically ill patient in acute kidney injury .Kidney int.2009;76:422-427.
[5]. S.V.S.S.Prasad, Sunit singhi,K.S.Chugh,hyponatremia in sick children:a marker of serious illness.Indian pediatrics,1994-182.18.156.68s.

Abstract: Imaging plays an important role in diagnosis and treatment planning in Endodontics. Twodimensional (2D) projection radiography has been in use for more than half a century for diagnosis in the maxillofacial region. In the last decades, the introduction of three dimensional imaging characterized by Cone beam Computed Tomography has created a revolution in maxillofacial imaging - facilitating the transition of dental imaging from 2D to 3D. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has gained considerable acclaim worldwide in recent years as a viable 3D imaging modality. It produces images with smaller field of view,low radiation exposure, improved spatial resolution and user friendly software programs which has tremendous impact on endodontics from diagnosis to treatment and follow up. This article reviews CBCT and its role in endodontics.etic and environmental contributions to observe variability .This article describes the some of the dental disorders and its genetic etiology.

Keywords: 3D, Cone beam computed tomography, Diagnosis, Endodontics, Imaging

[1]. Scarfe WC, Levin MD, Gane D, Farman AG. Use of cone beam computed tomography in endodontics. International journal of
dentistry. 2010 Mar 31;2009.
[2]. The applications of small field of view cone beam computerised tomography in endodontics
[3]. Published for the Dental Professional Community by the American Association of Endodontists Summer 2011 Cone Beam-
Computed Tomography in Endodontics
[4]. Ambu E, Estrela C, de Figueiredo JA. CBCT& endodontics
[5]. Deepak BS, Subash TS, Narmatha VJ, Anamika T, Snehil TK, Nandini DB. Imaging techniques in endodontics: an overview.
Journal of clinical imaging science. 2012 Jan 1;2(1):13..

Abstract: Introduction: Based on origin hernia can be congenital or acquired.[2] Lack of the evolutionary development of a strong posterior rectus sheath and transversalis fascia in lower abdomen is thought to represent a significant specific anatomic defect in the humans. There are various contributing and precipitating factors like chronic constipation, chronic cough, senile enlargement of prostate (all increasing intra-abdominal pressure) and obesity. The lowness of pubic tubercle is associated with narrow origin of internal oblique muscle from lateral inguinal ligament. The narrow origin of internal oblique muscle fails to protect the deep right and consequently indirect inguinal herniation occurs. [3].............

Keywords: low lying pubic tubercle; inguinal hernia

[1] Somen das. A manual on clinical surgery: Examination of a case of hernia. Eleventh edition, Dr. S. das, August,2015
[2] Stephen J Nixon, Bruce Tullah. Bailey & Love‟s Short Practice of Surgery: Abdominal wall, hernia and umbilicus. 26th edition, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group,2013
[3] Mehul Agrawat, Ashish Kumar, A. Sharma, Roshan Chanchlani. "Role of Low Lying Pubic Tubercle in the Development of Inguinal Hernia –A Case Control Study from Central India". Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 2014; Vol.3, Issue 16, April 21; Page:4231-4236, DOI:10.14260/jemds/2014/2423
[4] Navarro S, Calabuig R, Lopez JL et al. Low tuberculum pubis predisposes to inguinal hernia. British Journal of surgery 1992; 79 : S56
[5] Chand Sehgal, Balcharn S. Bhatia, Paramjit S. Bedi& Rajesh Mehta. The role of low lying pubic tubercle in the development of inguinal hernia. Indian journal of surgery. 2000; 62(4):263-265..

Abstract: Cupping therapy is considered as one of the oldest regimen in Unani medicine that was used for many years all over the world. It is a simple, safe, natural treatment with a promising effect for many diseases. This therapy is a great alternative to modern medicine where treatment for many diseases is unavailable.Cupping therapy is a simple procedure in which negative pressure is applied to the skin through sucking cups. Methodologies used for cupping therapy differ according to the type of cupping therapy e.g. dry cupping method differs from wet cupping method. The way cupping therapy is presented to medical practitioners is not scientific and does not explain scientific..........

Keywords:Unani Medicine, Cupping Therapy, Gynecological Disorders, Scientific Studies.

[1] Kalimullah, Younus A, Wali M. An investigation into the effect of Cupping Therapy as a treatment for Anterior Knee Pain and its
potential role in Health Promotion. The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine 2007; 4(1): 1-11.
[2] Bhikha RA. Pilot research project conducted at the university of western cape therapeutic cupping as adjunctive therapy in the
treatment of diabetes, hypertension and osteoarthritis, A science of medicine the art of care (TIBB) 2008 April; 1-38.
[3] Mahdavi MRV, Ghazanfari T, Aghajani M, et al. Evaluation of the effects of traditional cupping on the biochemical, hematological
and immunological factors of human venous blood. A Compendium of Essays on Alternative Therapy. 67–88.
[4] Chirali I. Practical guide to cupping therapy. Journal of Chinese Medicine 1991 Sept; 37: 21-26.
[5] Cao H, Han M, Li X, Dong S, Shang Y, Wang Q et al. Clinical research evidence of cupping therapy in China: a systematic
literature review. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2010; 10(70): 1-10.0.

Abstract: Contraception is a national emergency, essential in a developing country like India. Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices (IUCDs) are amongst the most frequently used methods of contraception. The patients with misplaced IUCDs may present with pregnancies or 'lost strings' or they may remain asymptomatic or rarely with hematuria as in our case.

Keywords: Misplaced IUCDs, Copper-T in the urinary bladder, Hematuria

[1]. Zakin D, Stern WZ, Rosenblatt R. Complete and partial uterine perforation and embedding following insertion of intrauterine devices. Obstet Gynaecol Surg. 1981;36:335–53. [PubMed]

[2]. Kriplani Alka, Garg Pradeep, Sharma Meenakshi, Agarwal Nutan. Laparoscopic removal of extrauterine IUCD using fluoroscopy guidance: a case report. Journal of Gynaecologic Surgery. 2005;21(1):29–30.

[3]. Key TC, Kreutner AK. Gastrointestinal complications of modern intrauterine contraceptive device. Obstet Gynecol. 1980;55:239–44. [PubMed]

[4]. Singh I. Intravesical cu-T emigration: an atypical and infrequent cause of vesical calculus. Int Urol Nephrol. 2007;39(2):457–59. [PubMed]

[5]. Carson SA, Gatlin A, Mazur M. Appendiceal perforation by copper-7 intrauterine contraceptive device. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Nov 1, 1981;141(5):586–87. [PubMed]

Abstract: Purpose: The aims of this study were: (i) to estimate the prevalence of headache disorders in patients attending the eye OPD; (ii) to evaluate various causes of headache with special reference to ophthalmic condition; and (iii ) to study the correlation between location of headache and possible ocular causes. Method: An assessment of present complaints, with associated sign and symptoms, detail history, ophthalmological check up as external examination of the eyes, visual acuity, convergence test, slit lamp examination, refraction, direct ophthalmoscopy, perimetry and tonometry, was done. Results: In this study, the male female ratio was 1:1.44, maximum numbers.......

Keywords: Convergence test, direct ophthalmoscopy, headache, perimetry, refraction, tonometry, visual acuity

[1]. "Headache disorders Fact sheet N°277". October 2012. Retrieved 15 February2016.
[2]. Global Burden of Disease Study 2013, Collaborators (22 August 2015). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.". Lancet. 386 (9995): 743–800. PMC 4561509 . PMID 26063472. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4
[3]. Cecilia B Young (3 January 2012). "The Johns Hopkins Headache Center - Primary Exertion Headache". hopkinsmedicine.org. Archived from the original on 3 May 2014.
[4]. Goadsby PJ, Raskin NH. Chapter 14. Headache. In: Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
[5]. "Clinch C. Chapter 28. Evaluation & Management of Headache - CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment in Family Medicine, Third Edition (Lange Current Series): Jeannette E. South-Paul, Samuel C. Matheny, Evelyn L. Lewis:". McGraw-Hill. 2011. ISBN 9780071624367.

Abstract: Purpose: Aim of the study was to assess the visual outcome in patients attending tertiary care hospital with ocular injuries following RTA and compare various associated risk factors. Method: In this prospective study 125 patients with ocular and periocular injuries underwent complete ocular examination including visual acuity, anterior segment examination by torch light to access pupillary action, slit-lamp examination and posterior segment examination by 78 D Lens or Indirect ophthalmoscope using 20 D lens. Patients with suspected posterior globe rupture underwent USG B-Scan and CT Orbit. Results: In this study the male female ratio was 1:0.29 that means male..........

Keywords: CT-orbit, indirect ophthalmoscope, ocular injury, RTA, slit-lamp examination, USG B-sacn.

[1]. Ruikar M. National statistics of road traffic accidents in India. J Ortho Traumatol Rehabilitation. 2013;6(1):1.
[2]. WHO Geneva. Strategies for the Prevention of Blindness in National programmes. A Primary Health Care Approach, 2nd edn. WHO Library Cataloguing: England, 1997, pp 74–76.
[3]. Baker RS, Epstein AD. Ocular motor abnormalities from head trauma. Survey Ophthalmol 1991; 35(4): 245–267.
[4]. Chaudhuri Z, Pandey PK, Gupta R, Chauhan D. Profile of ocular morbidity associated with head injury. AIOC Proceedings. MISCELLANEOUS 2002; p: 609.
[5]. Burch FE. Ocular evidence of head trauma. Wisc Med J 1942; 41: 1092–1097

Abstract: Peritonitis is an inflammatory response of peritoneum to different stimuli caused by bacteria. It can also be fungal or chemical. Secondary peritonitis is due to spillage of gastrointestinal or genitourinary organisms in to peritoneal cavity due to breech in the mucosal barrier. Contamination lead to cascade of infection sepsis and multi organ dysfunction and death if not appropriately intervened. In India gastro- duodenal perforation is the leading cause. Despite the understanding of pathophysiology, invention of broad spectrum antibiotics, surgical treatment, highly equipped surgical intensive care units mortality rate is quite high. Even though there are several scoring systems are in place, mannheim peritonitis index is more practical and less time consuming than others. Hence effort was made to analyse various factors in predicting the prognosis of perforative peritonitis using Mannheim peritonitis index.

Keywords: Peritonitis, Perforation, Sepsis, Mannheim peritonitis index

[1]. Bailey & Love's Short Practise Of Surgery chapter no 61 26th edition edited by Norman s. Williams, Christopher J.K Bulstrode &P.Rpnan O' Connell CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 2013.
[2]. Maingots Abdominal Operations Chapter No;26 12th edition Edited by Michael J. Zinner,Stanley W.Ashley 2013 Mc Graw Hill.
[3]. Shackelford"s surgery of alimental tract 11 7th editions.
[4]. Fischer's Master Of Surgery chapter n0.80 Lee J.Skanandalakis,David A.Mc Clusky, Marios Loukos and Petros Mirlas Joseph E.Fischer 6th Edition Wolter Kluwer.
[5]. Sabistons Text Book Of Surgery Chapter no;45 Coutney M.Townsend,R.Daniel Beauchamp, B.Mark Evers,Kenneth L.Mattox 19th edition Elsivier.

Abstract: Context: Intertrochanteric fractures account for half of proximal femur fractures.This extra capsular fracture occurs in cancellous bone with abundant blood supply. As a result non union and osteonecrosis are not a major problem but deforming muscle forces will produce shortening, external rotation and varus malposition. Aims: To study the clinical, radiological and functional outcomes, and complications associated with the trochanteric femoral nailing in intertrochanteric fractures of femur. Materials and methods:Trochanteric Femoral Nailing of 20 cases of Intertrochanteric fractures and evaluation of the results. Statistical Analysis Used:Patients evaluated clinically and radiologically, at regular intervals. Results: Out of 20 patients, according to the Modified Harris.........

Keywords: Trochanteric femoral nail, proximal femur, intramedullary, hip fractures

[1]. Thomas A. Russell, Intertrochanteric fractures of hip.In: Chapter 50, Robert W. Bucholz, James D. Heckman, Charles M. Court-Brown, and Paul Tornetta (eds). Rockwood and Green's Fractures in Adults, 8th edition, Vol. II, Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2015: pg2075-118
[2]. John C. Weinlein. Fractures and dislocations of the hip. In: Canale S. T, editor. Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 12th ed. Vol III. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby; 2013. P. 2737-41 [3]. Crawford CH, Malkani AL, Cordray S, Roberts CS, Sligar W. The trochanteric nail versus the sliding hip screw for intertrochanteric hip fractures: a review of 93 cases. J Trauma. 2006;60:325–328.
[4]. Sermon A, Broos PLO. The use of PFNA in treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. Folia Traumatologica 2007: 4852.
[5]. ActaorthopaedicaBelgica 2004 vol 70-5-2004page 444-454 Sudhir S Babhulkar. Management of trochanteric fracture. I J O Oct 2006; 40(4) : 210-218 .

Abstract: This is a descriptive cross-sectional community based study. The aim is to assess the awareness of family members to participate in malaria control and management for under- five years among villagers, Blue Nile State, Sudan. Methods: The study was conducted in three districts selected by cluster sampling from one village called Abuhashim in an area which is endemic with malaria. These districts represent the diversity of the community who are living there. The respondents were selected by simple random technique for mother or care giver of under-five year children. The tool used in this study was a focus group discussion (FGD) and observation. Three round focus group discussions held...........

Keywords: Malaria, Under-five, awareness of malaria, attitude towards malaria

[1]. Sudan health and nutrition fact sheet [database on the Internet]. Unicef. 2009 [cited 15/10/2017]. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/sudan/UNICEF_Sudan_health_and_nutrition_fact_sheet_2009.pdf.
[2]. WORLD MALARIA REPORT [database on the Internet]. WHO,Geneva. 2015 [cited 15/10/2017]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/200018/1/9789241565158_eng.pdf.
[3]. AP Agu, Nwojiji J. Childhood malaria: mothers' perception and treatmentseeking
[4]. behaviour in a community in Ebonyi State, South
[5]. East Nigeria. Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care. 2005;17(1):1-6.

Abstract: Background:Tooth extraction is one of the most common procedures in the dental practice. The treatment of the extraction site is a daily challenge, which influences the post-extraction bone resorption. Purpose:The purpose of the current short communication is to showcase a novel methodology for volumetric evaluation of bone resorption after tooth extraction. Materials and Methods: In order to present the proposed methodology a plaster cast from a silicon mold is prepared. The upper first molar is trimmed simulating a fresh extraction site. A 3D scan is performed with the Trios intraoral scanner and a virtual study model is generated. A second trimming procedure is performed in order to simulate bone resorption and a second model is..........

Keywords: bone resorption, 3D scan, bone volume, Hausdorff distance

[1]. Barone A, Aldini NN, Fini M, Giardino R, CalvoGuirado JL, Covani U. Xenograft versus extraction alone for ridge preservation after tooth removal: a clinical and histomorphometric study. J Periodontol.2008; 79(8):1370–7.
[2]. Lekovic, V., Camargo, P. M., Klokkevold, P. R., Weinlaender, M., Kenney, E. B., Dimitrijevic, B. &Nedic, M. (Preservation of alveolar bone in extraction sockets using bioabsorbable membranes. Journal of Periodontology.1998; 69: 1044-1049.
[3]. Lekovic, V., Kenney, E. B., Weinlaender, M., Han, T., Klokkevold, P., Nedic, M. &Orsini, M.A bone regenerative approach to alveolar ridge maintenance following tooth extraction.Report of 10 cases.Journal of Periodontology.1997; 68: 563–570.
[4]. Arau´jo, M. G. &Lindhe, J. Dimensional ridge alterations following tooth extraction.An experimental study in the dog.Journal of Clinical Periodontology.200532: 212–218.
[5]. Van der Weijden F, Dell'Acqua F, Slot DE. Alveolar bone dimensional changes ofpost-extraction sockets in humans :a systematic review. J ClinPeriodontol.2009; 36:1048–1058.

Abstract: The aim of the present comparative study was to assess the efficacy of topical negative pressure wound dressing as compared to conventional wound dressing and prove that negative pressure wound dressing can be used as a much better treatment option in management of bed sores. In this study we also access whether NPWT would decrease morbidity and hospital stay, reduction of surface area of the bed sore, cost effectiveness and Duration. Materials and Methods:60 patients were included in the study who attended OPD/IPD in departments of general surgery, plastic surgery, neurosurgery and orthopedics in SMC Meerut during the period September 2015-July 2017. Of these 30 patients received TNP dressings and 30 were treated with regular saline dressing. Results:NPWT has a definitive..........

[1]. Cosensus development conference statement. West Dundee, III: S N publications; 1989. [Last accessed on 2012 Jul 30]. National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Pressure Ulcers: Incidence, economics, risk assessment.
[2]. Pressure ulcers prevalence, cost and risk assessment: consensus development conference statement: The National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Decubitus. 1989; 2(2):24-8.
[3]. Argenta LC, Morykwas MJ. Vacuum-assisted closure: a new method forwound control and treatment: clinical experience. Ann PlastSurg 1997;38:563-76.
[4]. Morykwas MJ, Argenta LC, Shelton-Brown EI, McGuirtW.Vacuum-assisted closure: a new method for wound control and treatment: animal studies and basic foundation. Ann PlastSurg 1997;38:553-62.
[5]. Trung D. Bui et al. Negative pressure wound therapy with off-the-shelf components. The American Journal of Surgery 192 (2006) 235–237.

Abstract: Laparoscopic surgery (LS) has multiple advantages like less pain, rapid healing and early ambulation. Yet, port site infection is an emerging nuisance. Early onset port site infections (PSIs) are usually caused by non-fastidious microbes and are easily preventable or treatable with conventional antimicrobial therapy following a culture and sensitivity testing. However, the late-onset PSIs are mostly caused by the Mycobacterium spp., if not managed properly, tend to become chronic non healing lesions leading to neutralize the benefits of LS. Objectives: To determine the microbial aetiology of late onset PSIs at our institution, to assess the intramural infection rate of such PSIs and to observe the sterilization protocols followed for LS in General Surgery operation theatre (GSOT) and suggest amendments (if required) to combat these port site infections. Material & Methods: The study was.........

Keywords: laparoscopic surgery, port site infection, atypical mycobacteria, sterilization

[1]. Sasmal PK, Mishra TS, Rath S, Meher S, Mohapatra D. Port site infection in laparoscopic surgery: a review of its management. WJCC. 2015;3(10):864.
[2]. Pal N, Guhathakurta R. Surgical site infection in surgery ward at a tertiary care hospital: the infection rate and the bacteriological profile. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy. 2012;2(5):1-5.
[3]. Sharma AK, Sharma R, Sharma S. Port Site Infection in Laparoscopic Surgeries. Indian Medical Gazette. 2013:224-8.
[4]. Falkinham JO. Epidemiology of infection by nontuberculous mycobacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1996; 9:177-215
[5]. Ramesh H, Prakash K, Lekha V, Jacob G, Venugopal A, Venugopal B. Port-site tuberculosis after laparoscopy: report of eight cases. Surg Endosc 2003;17: 930-932.

Abstract: Tuberculosis is the most widespread infectious disease which poses a serious threat to the health and development of the country. Drug resistant tuberculosis is a major constraint to successfully controlling tuberculosis. Objectives: To find out drug resistance and its socio-demographic co-relates among pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods: The present cross-sectional study involved cases of sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed between February 2012 to January 2013 attending UP RIMS & R, Hospital, Saifai, Etawah. Sputum-positive TB cases were subjected to mycobacterial culture and first-line drug-susceptibility testing (DST) excluding pyrazinamide at JALMA, Agra, Uttar Pradesh. Information regarding socio-demographic co-relates was elicited using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire.........

Keywords: Drug Susceptibility Test, Drug Resistance, pulmonary tuberculosis

[1]. WHO Report 2011: Global Tuberculosis Control, World Health Organization, 2011,1-3.
[2]. Udwadia ZF. India's multidrug-resistant tuberculosis crisis.2001 Dec; 953:98-105 .
[3]. ICMR(1959):"Tuberculosis In India· a sample survey 1955 - 58" N. Deihl.

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Abstract: ntroduction: Granulomatous prostatitis is an inflammatory condition of the prostate that histologically features the presence of granulomas. In general, granulomatous prostatitis accounts for fewer than 1% of benign inflammatory conditions of the prostate. The epidemiologic correlations depend in part on the etiology. Methods: The study was done on 94 specimens over a period of three years. Sections from each case of histopathologically diagnosed non specific granulomatous prostatitis on hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) were stained with Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and Ziehl neelsen stain (Z N stain) for acid fast bacilli to confirm infectious granulomatous prostatitis.........

Keywords: Ca prostate, Tuberculosis, PSA, TURP, Prostatitis.

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