iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-10 ~ October 2020

Abstract: Background:
In majority of the cases Lens Induced Glaucoma occurs due to unoperated senile cataract. It is one of the most common cause of secondary glaucoma in India. The purpose of study is to know about different risk factors predisposing to Lens Induced Glaucoma. Material and Methods: A retrospective study on 44 patients was conducted in the ophthalmology department of Nalanda Medical College & Hospital, Patna. Detailed......

Keywords: Lens Induced Glaucoma, Pseudophakia, Cataract

[1]. H. Gifford, "The dangers of the spontaneous cure of senile cataract," American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 17, pp. 289– 293, 1900.
[2]. Von Reuss, Centralblattf¨urPraktischeAugenheilkunde, vol. 24, p. 33, 1900.
[3]. Jain IS, Gupta A, Dogra MR, et al. Phacomorphic glaucoma Management and visual prognosis. Ind J Ophthalmol. 1983; 31: 648–53.

Abstract: Background: To determine the frequency of seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infections in patients undergoing cataract surgery,as most carriers are asymptomatic . They pose a real threat by horizontal spread to health staff, surgeons and other patients. Materials and methods: A retrospective review of 620 patients who had undergone cataract surgery between May 2019 to November 2019 in the department of ophthalmology in a tertiary care center, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. After taking informed consent from the patient, Blood samples were collected and tested for the presence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method,while HIV was tested by ELISA and Western Blot as per National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), India guidelines.....

Key words: Cataract Surgery, HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C.

[1]. India HIV estimates 2015 technical report, National AIDS Control Organization and National institute of medical statistics, Indian council of medical research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India.
[2]. Global HIV/AIDS response, Epidemic update and health sector progress towards universal access. Hepatitis B Fact sheet 2015 WHO/UNICEF/UNAIDS (2011).
[3]. Acharya SK, Madan K, Datta Gupta S, Panda SK. Viral hepatitis in India. The National Medical Journal of India, Special Series: Communicable Diseases. 2006;2019
[4]. Dhiman RK. Future of therapy for Hepatitis C in India: A matter of accessibility and affordability? Clin Exp Hepatol. 2014;4(2):85–86
[5]. Centre of Disease Control and Prevention. [HIV and Viral Hepatitis] (fact sheet). www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/populations/hiv.htm.

Abstract: The ultimate goal of endodontic therapy is to eradicate the microbes residing in the root canal system.Calcium hydroxide has been included in antimicrobial formulations that are used in several treatment modalities in endodontics, one such application as an inter-appointment intracanal medicament.The purpose of this article was to review mechanisms and the properties of calcium hydroxide in endodonticsas a medicament. Calcium hydroxide has a high alkaline pH and the lethal effects of calcium hydroxideon bacterial cells are due to protein denaturation and damage to DNA and cytoplasmic membranes.Calcium hydroxide is effective against common endodontic pathogens but is less effective against.Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans.Calcium hydroxide is also a valuable growth anti-endotoxin agent.However, its effect on microbial biofilms remainscontroversial.

Keywords: Calcium hydroxide, intracanal medicament,antimicrobial

[1]. Weine F.S. Endodontic therapy. 3rd edition.(St.Louis ; C.V Mosby,2003).
[2]. AlirezaFarhad and ZahedMohammadi Esfahan: Calcium hydroxide: a review: International Dental Journal 55, 2005,
293–301.
[3]. Z. Mohammadi& P. M. H. Dummer:Properties and applications of calcium hydroxide in endodontics and dental traumatology:IntEndod J, 44, 2011, 697–730.
[4]. Siqueira JF Jr, Lopes HP. Mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide: a critical review. IntEndod J32, 1999, 361- 9.
[5]. Chen BK-J, George R, Walsh LJ. Root discolouration following short-term application of steroid medicaments containing clindamycin,doxycycline or demeclocycline.AustEndod J.38(3), 2012, 124–8..

Abstract: Background: - The objective of this study was to evaluate role of Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the detection and staging of large pelvic masses and to assess usefulness and accuracy of MR imaging as compared to ultrasonography and CT scan in pelvic pathologies and assessment of their characteristics. Many large masses in the female pelvis arise from the reproductive organs (eg, uterus, cervix, ovaries and fallopian tubes). In addition, they may arise from the gastrointestinal system, urinary system, adjacent soft tissues, peritoneum, or retro-peritoneum or from metastases. The majority of large masses are uterine fibroid tumor, dermoid tumor, ovarian cyst, and ovarian cancer. Thus, the differential diagnosis for female pelvic masses is extensive. Establishing correct diagnosis...

Key Word: MRI, pelvis, uterus, adnexa, ovary, cervix

[1]. Bristow RE. Endometrial cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 1999; 11:388 –393.
[2]. Rose PG. Endometrial carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1996; 335:640 – 649.
[3]. Seki H, Azumi R, Kimura M, Sakai K. Stromal inva- sion by carcinoma of the cervix: assessment with dy- namic MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997; 168: 1579 –1585.
[4]. Joja I, Asakawa M, Asakawa T, et al. Endometrial carcinoma: dynamic MRI with turbo-FLASH tech- nique. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1996; 20:878 – 887.
[5]. Cullinan JA, Fleischer AC, Kepple DM, et al. Sonohysterography: a technique for endometrial evaluation. RadioGraphics 1995; 15:501–514.
[6]. Sohaey R, Woodward P. Sonohysterography: technique, endometrial findings, and clinical applications. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 1999; 20: 250 –258.

Abstract: Introduction- Common bile duct stones(CBD)are found in approximately 10-20% of the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). More than 95% of biliary tract stones are related to gall stone. Primary stone develop in bile ducts. Secondary stones originate in the gallbladder and migrates into the bile duct. Method : This was a prospective study conducted on 75 patients. The aim of our study to compare the clinical outcome of laparoscopic Vs open management of common bile duct stone removal. CBD was exposed and a vertical ductomy. 'T' tube placement done in 16 patients (8 in LCBDE and 8 in open CBD exploration). Results :- out of 75 patients, there were 20 male patients and 55 were female patients. The male female ratio was 1:2.7. Primary closure done in 67 patients. Conversion done in 8 patients due to adhesion in 6 pa-tients bleeding in 2 patients. Average....

Key words:- Laparoscopic common bile duct extraction(LCBDE), Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancrea-ticography (ERCP) , Endoscopic sphinctrotomy(ES).

[1]. Desai R, Shokouhi Bahaman N. Common bile duct stones-their presentation, diagnosis and management. Indian J. Surgery
2009(September-october) 71:229-237.
[2]. Bagnato VJ, McGee, Hatten LE et al: Justification for routine cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg. Laparosc
Endosc 1991;1(2):89-93.
[3]. Tringali A:Endoscopic management of common bile duct stones.Journal of GHR 2016 December;5(6):2212-2227.
[4]. Bergman JJGHM, Van Berkel AM, Groen AK, Schoeman MN,Offerh~us J, Tytgat GN et al:. Biliary manometry, bacterial characteristic
, bile composition and histologic changes fifteen to seventeen years after ES. Gastrointest Endosc 1997;45:400-05.
[5]. Berthou iC, Drouard F, Charbonneau P et al:. Evaluation of laparoscopic management of CBD stones in 220 patients. Surg Endosc
1998;12(1):16-22..

Abstract: Introduction: Patient positioning before a surgical procedure involves a combined effort of the surgeons and the anaesthesiologist. In fact the entire operating team shares the responsibility. It is of prime importance to maintain a balance between optimal surgical positioning and the safety of the patient. Though patient positioning for optimal surgical access is vital, many of these positions can induce adverse physiological consequences which can affect the haemodynamics of the patient. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the operating rooms of the Department of Anesthesia, Great Eastern medical School and Hospital, Ragolu, Srikakulam for a period of 6 months. The study was done among done among 291 consecutive consenting patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. They were enrolled in the study after obtaining written informed consent.....

Key Words: anaesthesia, chemosis, periorbital edema lip edema, urethroplasty

[1]. DiStefano VJ, Klein KS, Nixon JE, Andrews ET. Intra-operative analysis of the effects of position and body habitus on surgery of the low back. A preliminary report. Clin Orthop. 1974 Apr;(99):51–6.
[2]. Pelosi P, Caironi P, Taccone P, Brazzi L. Pathophysiology of prone positioning in the healthy lung and in ALI/ARDS. Minerva Anestesiol. 2001 Apr;67(4):238–47.
[3]. Knight DJ, Mahajan RP. Patient positioning in anaesthesia. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. 2004 Oct 1;4(5):160–3.
[4]. Wolf JS, Marcovich R, Gill IS, Sung GT, Kavoussi LR, Clayman RV, et al. Survey of neuromuscular injuries to the patient and surgeon during urologic laparoscopic surgery. Urology. 2000 Jun;55(6):831–6.
[5]. Mills JT, Burris MB, Warburton DJ, Conaway MR, Schenkman NS, Krupski TL. Positioning injuries associated with robotic assisted urological surgery. J Urol. 2013 Aug;190(2):580–4..

Abstract: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS CoV2) is the virus responsible for the COVID 19 disease, which has evolved into a pandemic. Various parallels have been made between SARS CoV2 and other corona viruses as data is scarce. Remdesivir, a broad spectrum antiviral, is a prodrug which has shown efficacy in vitro against SARS CoV2. But the same is questionable in patients with severe COVID 19 disease. Among the 10 patients treated with Remdesivir, 8 patients got discharged from the ICU and 2 patients required mechanical ventilation. All 10 patients became plasma negative for SARS CoV2 after 10 days. The treatment duration was a period of 5 days as per the Emergency Use Approval (EUA), Experimental by the Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR). Also it is noted that....

Key Words: Remdesivir, macular rash, COVID 19, aminotransferase

[1]. Arabi YM, Asiri AY, Assiri AM, Aziz Jokhdar HA, Alothman A, Balkhy HH, et al. Treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome with a combination of lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon-β1b (MIRACLE trial): statistical analysis plan for a recursive two-stage group sequential randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020;21(January (1)):8. [2]. Chen Z, Hu J, Zhang Z, Jiang S, Han S, Yan D, et al. Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: results of a ran-domized clinical trial. medRxiv 2020; (January) 2020.03.22.20040758. [3]. Chu CM, Cheng VCC, Hung IFN, Wong MML, Chan KH, Chan KS, et al. Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings. Thorax 2004;59(March (3)):252–6. [4]. Corman V, Bleicker T, Brunink S, Drosten C. Diagnostic detection of 2019-nCoV by real-time RT-PCR — protocol and prelimi-nary evaluation as of Jan 17, 2020. 2020 Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/proto col-v2-1.pdf?sfvrsn=a9ef618c_2. [Cited 22 June 2020].. [5]. Mar Gautret P, Lagier J-C, Parola P, Hoang VT, Meddeb L, Mailhe M, et al. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020;20 (March)105949.

Abstract: Lymphangiomas of the head and neck region result from abnormal growth of the lymphatic vessels and are mostly benign. They are mostly diagnosed before the age of 2 years. The treatment of choice is complete surgical removal ; however the tumor tends to spread along vital structures therefore sometimes complete surgical removal is impossible. We describe the clinical and pathological features of cystic lymphangioma diagnosed in three adults with lateral neck mass. Clinical examination , radiological assessment and fine needle aspiration cytology were performed. Confirmed diagnosis is reached only after histopathological examination of the surgical specimen posing a diagnostic difficulty. Despite the rarity of adult lymphangiomas these cases suggest that we need to consider cystic lymphangioma as a differential diagnosis for lateral neck masses.

[1]. Kennedy TL, Whitaker M, Pellitteri P, et al. Cystic hygroma/ lymphangioma: a rational approach to management. Laryngoscope 2001;111:1929-1937
[2]. Sherman BE, Kendall K. A unique case of the rapid onset of a large cystic hygroma in the adult. Am J Otolaryngol. 2001;
22(3):206-210.
[3]. Cheng LH, Wells FC. A multidisciplinary approach to recurrent cervicothoracic cystic hygroma in an adult. Br J Oral Maxillofac
Surg 2004;42:66-68.
[4]. Ogita S, Tsuto T, Nakamura K, Deguchi E, Tokiwa K, Iwai N. O.K - 432 Therapies For Lymphangioma In Children: Why And How Does It Work? J Paedtr Surg. 1996;31:477-80.
[5]. FilstonHC.Haemangioma , Cystic Hygromas And Teratomas In Of The Head And Neck. SeminPediatr Surg. 1994;3:147-59.

Abstract: Background: Follicular thyroid carcinoma is a malignant epithelial tumour arising in both eutopic thyroid gland and/or heterotopic thyroid tissue. In thyroid cancer only 2.5 % cases show skull metastases. Very few cases have been reported with occult follicular thyroid carcinoma presenting as skull metastasis Report: Here in this case a 55 year old lady presented with progressive, painless mass in right frontal region reaching upto midline later on associated with headache and no neurological deficit with history of thyroid surgery 15 years back with no reported...

Key Words: Follicular carcinoma thyroid, metastasis, skull lytic lesions, intradiploic meningioma

[1]. Koppad, Sanjay N, and Vaibhav B Kapoor. "Follicular thyroid carcinoma presenting as massive skull metastasis: a rare case report and literature review." Journal of surgical technique and case report vol. 4,2 (2012): 112-4. doi:10.4103/2006-8808.110252
[2]. Shital Khedkar et al, Skull metastasis of follicular thyroid carcinoma: a rare case report. WIMJOURNAL, Volume No. 3, Issue No. 1, 2016
[3]. Nagamine Y, Suzuki J, Katakura R, Yoshimoto T, Matoba N, Takaya K. Skull metastasis of thyroid carcinoma. Study of 12 cases. J Neurosurg. 1985;63:526–31 [4]. Tazi, El Mehdi et al. "Thyroid carcinoma presenting as a dural metastasis mimicking a meningioma: A case report." North American journal of medical sciences vol. 3,1 (2011): 39-42. doi:10.4297/najms.2011.339
[5]. Cobin RH, Gharib H, Bergman DA, Clark OH, Cooper DS, Daniels GH, et al. Thyroid carcinoma task force. AACE/AAES medical/surgical guidelines for clinical practice: Management of Thyroid Carcinoma American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists American College of Endocrinilogy.EndocrPract. 2001;7:202–20

Abstract: Oral cavity harbors a complex network of microorganisms which are in steady state of equilibrium with another microflora. Surgical removal of third molar is a very common procedure in oral surgery and suturing of surgical site is a crucial component determining success of wound healing. These suture materials sometime act a nidus of infection because of potential adherence of bacteria to its rough surfaces which may lead to surgical site infection. AIM- The aim of this study was to compare bacterial load on normal silk suture over antibacterial suture following third molar removal in 50 healthy individuals free of any systemic and local pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS – A microbiological.....

Keywords – Surgical-site infection, microflora,antibacterial,colony forming unit

[1]. Mackenzie, D. (1973). The History of Sutures. Medical History, 17(2), 158-168. doi:10.1017/S0025727300018469 [2]. Edlich RF, Panek PH, Rodeheaver GT, Turnbull VG, Kurtz LD, Edgerton MT. Physical and chemical configuration of sutures in the development of surgical infection. Annals of surgery. 1973 Jun;177(6):679. [3]. Edlich RF, Panek PH, Rodeheaver GT, Kurtz LD, Edgerton MT. Surgical sutures and infection: a biomaterial evaluation. Journal of biomedical materials research. 1974;8(3):115-26. [4]. Marco F, Vallez R, Gonzalez P, Ortega L, de la Lama J, Lopez-Duran L. Study of the efficacy of coated Vicryl Plus® antibacterial suture in an animal model of orthopedic surgery. Surgical infections. 2007 Jun 1;8(3):359-66. [5]. Barbolt TA. Chemistry and safety of triclosan, and its use as an antimicrobial coating on Coated VICRYL* Plus Antibacterial Suture (coated polyglactin 910 suture with triclosan). Surgical infections. 2002 Dec 1;3(S1):s45-53. [6]. Sánchez R, Mirada E, Arias J, Paño JR, Burgueño M. Severe odontogenic infections: epidemiological, microbiological and therapeutic factors. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011 Aug 1;16(5):e670-6..