iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-10 ~ October 2020

Abstract: Of all the endocrine disorders, thyroid disorders are common in pregnancy. Several physiological changes occur in maternal thyroid function during pregnancy leading to thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy. Not only overt but subclinical thyroid disorder has adverse effect on mother and foetus. This study aims to determine the prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnancy and its adverse maternal and fetal outcome. Pregnant women coming for antenatal checkup in first trimester were subjected to study. Prevalence of overt hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism was found to be 2.4 % and 5.1 % respectively. Hyperthyroidism was less than .5% in prevalence. Various maternal and fetal complications occured such as pre eclampsia , preterm labour, abortion ,still birth an IUGR emphasizing the importance of routine antenatal screening..

Keywords: hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, maternal complications, foetal complications.

[1]. Ajmani Sangita Nangia et al. Prevalence of Overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction among pregnant woman and its effect on maternal and fetal outcome. The journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of India 2014; 64 (2) : 105 – 110
[2]. P.V Bandela, et al. Antenatal thyroid dysfunction in Rayalaseema region: A preliminary cross section study based on circulating serum thyrotrophin levels. International journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology, 2013; 4(4) : 135- 139
[3]. Taghavi M, Saghafi N, Shirin S. Outcome of Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy in Mashhad, Iran. Int. J. Endocrinal Metab, 2009; 2: 82- 85

Abstract: Introduction:For the patients with end stage renal disease hemodialysis venous access is required for repeated use, such that the site is readily available to use for repeated cannulation and the one that must achieve adequate flow rate for hemodialysis. Many such surgically created accesses have been described, most commonly being anastomosis between radial artery and adjacent vein. But when the fore-arm veins are not available then alternate access should be created. Here we have reviewed our experience with basilic vein transposition arteriovenous fistula done in our institute over last 3 years. Materials and Methods:From January 2018 to December 2020, 45 such basilic vein transposition arteriovenousfistula were performed but 2 patients were lost in follow. We have followed up the patient until their first successful haemodialysis......

Key words: transposition fistula, haemodialysis access,basilic vein

[1]. Lockridge JB, Chandran S. The Scribner shunt: 50 years later. Kidney Int. 2012;81(1):120.
[2]. Brescia MJ, Cimino JE, Appel K, Hurwich BJ. Chronic hemodialysis using venipuncture and a surgically created arteriovenous fistula. N Engl J Med. 1966; 275:1089-92
[3]. Allon M, Robbin ML. Increasing arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients: problems and solutions. Kidney Int. 2002; 62(4):1109-24.
[4]. Hakaim AG, Nalbandian M, Scott T. Superior maturation and patency of primary brachiocephalic and transposed basilic vein arteriovenous fistulae in patients with diabetes. J Vasc Surg. 1998; 27(1):154-7.
[5]. Oliver MJ, McCann RL, Indridason OS, Butterly DW, Schwab SJ. Comparison of transposed brachiobasilic fistulas to upper arm grafts and brachiocephalic fistulas. Kidney Int. 2001 Oct;60(4):1532-9

Abstract: Introduction: Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the Nidovirales order of the Coronaviridae family that are positive-sense single stranded non-segmented RNA viruses. CoVs are divided based on their antigenicity into four groups: alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta CoVs. All four groups infect primarily mammals and birds and are associated with deadly illnesses that greatly impacted poultry industry. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among the medical students from Department of General Medicine, Shahid Nirmal Mahto Medical College, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, from 22th March to 25th March 2020, the week immediately before the lockdown of India. As we all know, social-distancing is the best way of prevention from COVID-19, therefore, instead of conducting a community-based survey, this study collected the data using Google form platform as an online survey. The link of Google form was posted and circulated using various social.....

Keywords: Coronaviruses, Nidovirales, attitude, Practice.

[1]. Vijayan P. Update on #Coronavirus incident: A patient has been tested positive for Novel #Coronavirus infection and is kept in isolation.The infected patient is a student of Wuhan University. We are closely monitoring the situation. [Online] Available from: https://twitter.com/vijayanpinarayi/status/1222819465143832577. [Accessed on March 29th 2020].
[2]. TWC India Edit Team. Kerala defeats coronavirus; India‟s three COVID-19 patients successfully recover. [Online] Available from: https://weather.com/en-IN/india/news/news/2020-02-14-kerala-defeats-coronavirus-indias-three-covid-19-patients-successfully. [Accessed on March 29th 2020].
[3]. Ministry of Health and Famility Welfare, Government of India. COVID-19 India. [Online] Available from: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/. [Accessed on 29th March 2020].
[4]. Wikipedia. 2020 coronavirus pandemic in India [Online] Available from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_ coronavirus_pandemic_in _India#cite_note-:2-8. [Accessed on 29 March 2020].
[5]. Singhal T. A review of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr 2020; 87(4): 281-286...

Abstract: Background: Blood group plays a vital role in transfusion medicine. Blood group is genetically determined. The grouping of ABO system is based on the antigenic property of the red blood cells. Recent research data shows that ABO blood groups are associated with various diseases for example, gastric cancer, periodontal disease. Some authors have found that epistaxis is commonly seen in people with O blood group when compared with other ABO blood groups and also observed a lower expression of von Willebrand factor gene (vWf) in them.. Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted among 543 1st year MBBS students in the age group of 17 - 21 years. Blood grouping was carried out using the standard anti-sera, bleeding time and clotting time was estimated by Duke's filter paper method and Capillary tube method respectively. The bleeding time and clotting time of different blood....

Key Word: Blood groups, Bleeding time, Clotting time, vWf, Gender.

[1]. Meena Mirdha, Sunil Kumar Jena. Distribution of blood group and its relation to bleeding time and clotting time. International J of Med Sci and Public Health 2016; 5: 2566- 69.
[2]. Manjeet Kaur, Arvinder Singh, Roopam Bassi. Deepinder Kaur. Blood group distribution and its relationship with bleeding time and clotting time. Nalt J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol 2015;5:253-7.
[3]. Poonam G Kohli, Harleen Kaur, Seema Maini. Relationship of Bleeding time and Clotting time with Blood groups. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sc 2014;5:1780-3.
[4]. Thenmozhi. S, Neelambikai. N, Aruna. P. Comparison of Bleeding time and Clotting time in different ABO Blood groups. Nalt J Physiol 2013;1:19-24.
[5]. Guyton JH, Hall J. Text book of Medical Physiology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders;1956.p.467..

Abstract: Aim: The study estimated the hemoglobin concentration by Sahil's and Drabkin's methods. Materials and Methods: The study included 500 patients in the age group of 10- 70 years, attending the OPD in the tertiary center. Blood was collected by venipuncture and hemoglobin concentration was estimated using Sahil's and Drabkin's method. The results were analyzed using statistical z test and paired t test and were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Results: The mean values of hemoglobin estimated by Drabkin's method were higher compared to that of Sahil's method. The values were found to be statistically significant in younger age group. Conclusion: Sahil's can be used as a screening method in rural areas or in large surveys but critical values need to be confirmed by automated analyzer.

Key words:- Sahil's hemoglobinometer, Drabkin's method, hemoglobin

[1]. Ralph D. Whitehead, Jr.,1 Zuguo Mei. ―Methods and analyzers for hemoglobin measurement in clinical laboratories and field settings‖.Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2019 Aug; 1450(1): 147–171.
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[3]. P Balasubramaniam, A Malathi―Comparative study of hemoglobin estimated by Drabkin's and Sahli's methods.‖ Journal of postgraduate medicine 1992, 38 :( 1); 8-9. [4]. A. Jacobs, G. S. Kilpatrick, and J. L. Withey. ―Iron Deficiency Anemia in Adults—Prevalence and Prevention‖. Postgrad Med J. 1965 Jul; 41(477): 418–424.

Abstract: The acute intoxication with colchicine is rare, but potentially serious. She is responsible for a multivéscirale reached, failure with cardiac, respiratory, hepatic, neurological and haematological. The usual prognostic factors are assumed ingested dose, elevated leukocyte, and the lower rate of prothrombin to the 24th hour and the occurrence of cardiogenic shock or acute respiratory failure syndrome before the 72 hours. Treatment is symptomatic; the clinical development of immunotherapy with anti Fab fragments specific colchicine, currently available for animal testing could improve the prognosis of severe, fatal date. In our work we report 2 cases of two girls who presented acute intoxication with colchicine in a suicide attempt framework.

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[2]. Hastie SB. Interactions of colchicine with tubulin. PharmacolTher (51):377–401.
[3]. Baron D., Dixneuf B., Veyrac Y., Rodineau P., Nicolas F., Intoxication aigue par la colchicine . A propos de 2 observations Ouest Méd . (24) : 275-283, 1971.
[4]. Baud FJ, Sabouraud A, Vicaut E, Taboulet P, Lang J, Bismuth C, et al. Brief report: treatment of severe colchicine overdose with colchicine specificFab fragments. N Engl J Med 1995;332(10):642–5.
[5]. E. Abe, A.-S. Lemaire-Hurtel, C. Duverneuil, I. Etting, E. Guillot, P. de Mazancourt, J.-C. Alvarez, A novel LC-ESI-MS-MS method for sensitive quantification of colchicine in human plasma: application to two case reports, J. Anal. Toxicol. (30) (2006) 210–215.

Abstract: Background:Vitamin A deficiency and resultant ocular diseases are among the most common debilitating nutritional disorders that affect the rural children in India. Our aim was to study Conjunctival Impression Cytology(CIC) in children presenting with history of Night Blindness, signs and symptoms of Xerophthalmia before and after Vitamin A administration. Materials and methods: In this case control study, 20 cases(age group 1-12 years) with history of Night Blindness, signs and symptoms of xerophthalmia were enrolled in the study and 20 healthy children were recruited as age matched control group. All were clinically evaluated , underwent CIC( technique suggested by AmedeeManesome), followed up after Vitamin A supplementation with repeat CIC. Results: 90% cases and 6 % controls....

Key Words: Vitamin A deficiency, Night Blindness, Xerophthalmia ,Conjunctival Impression Cytology(CIC).

[1]. Khandait DW, Vasudeo ND, Zodpey SP, Ambadekar NN, Koram MR. Vitamin A intake and xerophthalmia among Indian children.Public health. 1999 Mar 1;113(2):69-72. [2]. Vijayaraghavan K. Vitamin A deficiency: consequences and control programmes. Nutrition in children-developing country concerns. Eds. Sachdev HPS and Chowdhary P, Cambridge Press, New Delhi. 1994. [3]. .Impression Cytology - EyeWiki [Internet]. Eyewiki.aao.org. 2020 [cited 16 October 2020]. Available from: https://eyewiki.aao.org/Impression_Cytology. [4]. Asrat YT, Omwenga AM, Muita JW. Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among pre-school and school aged children in Arssi zone, Ethiopia. East African medical journal. 2002;79(7):355-9. [5]. Arlappa N, Balakrishna N, Laxmaiah A, Raghu P, Vikas Rao V, Madhavan Nair K, Brahmam GN. Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and its determinants among the rural pre-school children of Madhya Pradesh, India. Annals of human biology. 2011 Mar 1;38(2):131-6..

Abstract:Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia (also known as neonatal asphyxia orPerinatal Asphyxia in children) is the medical condition resulting from deprivation of oxygen to a newborn infant that lasts long enough during the birth process to cause physical harm, usually to the brain.Perinatal Asphyxia in children is defined by the World Health Organization "the failure to initiate and sustain breathing at birth
Aim of the Study:The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of perinatal asphyxia in childrenand neonatal risk factors, and study the cause of death.
Material & Methods: There were 127 live births asphyxiated neonates who were clinically diagnosed and admitted in the department of Pediatrics, Natore District Hospital, Natore, Bangladesh during the period from January 2018 to December 2018....

Key Words: Birth asphyxia, HIE, Neonatal sepsis

[1]. World Health organization. Basic Newborn Resuscitation; A Practical Guide. World Health Organization: Geneva 1997 [Accessed February 27, 2007. Availablehttp:www.who.int/reproductive- health/publication/MSM 98 /introductionen.html.
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[4]. Futrakul S, Praisawanna P, Thaitumyanon P. Risk factor for Hyposic- ischemic encephalopathy in asphysiated newborn infant. J Med Assoc Thai 2006; 89:322-8.
[5]. Chandre S, Ramji S, Thirupurum S, Perinatal asphyxia; multivariate analysis of risk factors in haopital birth. Indian Pediatr1997; 34:206-12.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Altered sensorium is a measure of a person's arousability and responsiveness to stimuli from the environment. It can result from a variety of factors, including alterations in the chemical environment of the brain (e.g. exposure to poisons on intoxicants), insufficient oxygen or blood flow in the brain and excessive pressure within the skull.Investigations may be equivocal or not available all time and at all places to come to a diagnosis and predict the outcome. The treating physician should identify the clinical signs, interpret and act accordingly to get an idea about the prognosis and outcome in a patient with Altered Sensorium. This study is undertaken to study the various etiologies and compare the same with the outcome in patients with altered sensorium.....

Key Words: Altered Sensorium, Glasgow coma scale, Cerebro-Vascular Accident, Sub arachnoid Hemorrhage, Intra cranial Hemorrhage

[1]. Kundel ER Jessell Thomas M. Schwartz, James H (2000) Principles ofneural science New York Retrieved 2008-07-03 p 901 ISBN 0-8385 TLMcGraw.Hill
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Abstract: Background and objectives: The constant increase in antibiotic resistant strains and side-effects caused by synthetic drugs have prompted researchers to pursue herbal alternatives for root canal irrigation.The objective of this in vitro study is to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of Coconut husk extract, Azadirachta indica extract, Morinda citrifolia extract and sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans in a tooth biofilm model. Materials and methods: 300 single rooted teeth extracted due to orthodontic reasons were selected for the study. The root canals were then cleaned and shaped using the crown down technique and ProTaper rotary instruments to an apical size of F3, 1mm short of the apical foramen. 100 teeth were inoculated with E. faecalis, 100 teeth with S.aureus and remaining 100 teeth with C.albicans. At the end of 6th week of incubation, the samples inoculated with E.faecalis and......

Keywords: Antimicrobial efficacy, Coconut husk extract, Morinda citrifolia, Azadirachta indica, sodium hypochlorite, sterile saline, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans

[1]. Siqueira JF Jr., Rôças IN. Diversity of endodontic microbiota revisited. J Dent Res 2009; 88:969-81
[2]. Kandaswamy D, Venkateshbabu N, Gogulnath D, Kindo AJ. Dentinal tubule disinfection with 2% chlorhexidine gel, propolis, Morinda citrifolia juice, 2% povidone iodine, and calcium hydroxide. Int Endod J 2010;43:419-23.
[3]. Rocas IN, Siqueira JF Jr, Santos KR. Association of Enterococcus faecalis with different forms of periradicular diseases. J Endod. 2004;30(5):315–320.
[4]. Shingare P, Chaugule V. Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of miswak, propolis, sodium hypochlorite and saline as root canal irrigants by microbial culturing and quantification in chronically exposed primary teeth. Germs 2011;1:12-21
[5]. Baumgartner JC, Watts CM, Xia T. Occurrence of Candida albicans in infections of endodontic origin. J Endod 2000;26:695-8..

Abstract: Background: The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) has increased in recent years, both in the community and in hospital settings.In India, it is the most common renal emergency and as many as 1.5 percent of hospital admissions are referred to nephrology service for AKI. Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur from October 2018 to September 2019 among 152 adult patients(both male and females) of aged ≥ 18 years who were admitted with AKI in Medicine ward or who developed AKI as an in-patient in any ward of RIMS Hospital. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 21 and p value <0.05 was taken as significant. The....

Key Word: Acute kidney Injury (AKI), community acquired AKI,hospital acquired AKI (HA-AKI, renal replacement therapy (RRT).

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