iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-12 ~ December 2021

Abstract: Corona virus is caused due to severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2. In symptomatic patients, 81% have mild to moderate symptoms, while 14% develop severe symptoms and 5% suffer critical symptoms. Mucormycosis is a significant, but rare opportunistic and life-threatening fungal infections mainly caused by Rhizopusarrhizus with higher case fatality rates, mucormycosis belongs to a group of saprophytic fungi growing on decaying vegetation and food containing high sugar content, it is observed in the many post COVID cases. Recent increase in the number of COVID-19 patients with mucormycosis infection are mostly due to uncontrolled diabetes and excessive use of steroids for the treatment of Coronavirus infection. The triad of coronavirus , corticosteroid use and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus have been evident for significant increase in the incidence of maxillofacial mucormycosis.

[1]. Karthika PS, Rathy R, Jayanthi P, Harish RK, Ameena M, Krishnasree RJ. Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review. Journal of Orofacial Sciences. 2021 Jan 1;13(1):73.
[2]. Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parmensis. 2020;91(1):157.
[3]. Said Ahmed WM, Elsherbini AM, Elsherbiny NM, El-Sherbiny M, Ramzy NI, Arafa AF. Maxillary Mucormycosis Osteomyelitis in Post COVID-19 Patients: A Series of Fourteen Cases. Diagnostics. 2021 Nov;11(11):2050
[4]. Kulkarni R, Misra UK, Meshram C, Kochar D, Modi M, Vishnu VY, Garg RK, Surya N. Epidemic of Mucormycosis in COVID‑19 Pandemic: A Position Paper.
[5]. Singh AK, Singh R, Joshi SR, Misra A. Mucormycosis in COVID-19: a systematic review of cases reported worldwide and in India. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2021 May 21.

Abstract: Background: : Assesment of Knowledge attitude and practices of medical students of 2nd year and final year students toward COVID 19 infection are essential for explaining students adherence for preventive measure to control spread of covid infection. Also this information can be utilized for appointing various duties during covid crisis to medical students. Aim:-To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of MBBS students regarding COVID-19. Objective:- 1.To determine difference in the knowledge, attitude, and practices of regarding COVID-19 between 2nd MBBS and final MBBS students. 2.To assess awareness and health behaviour related to COVID-19......

Keywords: knowledge, attitude, practices, COVID-19, Medical students

[1]. J Bedford D Enria J Giesecke D L Heymann C Ihekweazu G Kobinger COVID-19: towards controlling of a pandemicLancet 20203951022910158
[2]. Shanmugaraj B, Malla A, Phoolcharoen W. Emergence of novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: need for rapid vaccine and biologics development. Pathogens. 2020;9(2):148. doi:10.3390/ pathogens9020148 2. World Health Organization. Laboratory testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in suspected human cases: interim guidance, 2 March 2020. World Health Organization; 2020.)
[3]. Anju Gahlot, S P Singh, Vijayshree Verma and Monika Singh.A study of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding SARS COV-2 infection and its control amongst medical students of Rama Medical College Kanpur (U.P) Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine 2020;7(3):134–139
[4]. World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland; 2020 Mar 11. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19-11 March 2020 URL: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020 [accessed 2020-05-03]
[5]. A step India is taking could make doctor shortage a non-issue in coronavirus battle. (2020). Available from: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/a-step-indiais-taking-could-make-doctor-....)

Abstract: Background: To study the maternal and fetal outcome in preterm delivery in tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: This Prospective Observational study included mothers who were admitted in preterm labour with intact membrane and had a preterm delivery in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Ramachandra Institute Of Higher Education And Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 178 cases were enrolled during the study period from December 2019 to November 2020. Detailed history taking, general, systemic and obstetrical examination were done paying special attention to presence or absence of conventional risk factors for preterm labor. All women with preterm labor were investigated for presence of infection by complete hemogram, CRP, urine culture........

Key words: Maternal outcome, Preterm delivery

[1]. WHO | Care of the preterm and/or low-birth-weight newborn. WHO. 2014;
[2]. Akhter G, Rizvi SM, Hussain SI. Evaluation of perinatal outcome in preterm labour. Sch Int J Obstretics Gynec. 2020;3(6):147-52.
[3]. Dingens AS, Fairfortune TS, Reed S, Mitchell C. Bacterial vaginosis and adverse outcomes among full-term infants: a cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016;16(1):1-8.
[4]. Laxmi U, Agrawal S, Raghunandan C, Randhawa VS, Saili A. Association of bacterial vaginosis with adverse fetomaternal outcome in women with spontaneous preterm labor: a prospective cohort study. J Matern Neonatal Med. 2012;25(1):64-7.
[5]. Philip T, Thomas P. A prospective study on neonatal outcome of preterm births and associated factors in a South Indian tertiary hospital setting. Int J Reprod Contraception Obstet Gynecol. 2018;7(12):4827

Abstract: Background and Aim :The opportunity to interrupt pain pathways at multiple anatomic levels and ability to provide excellent operating conditions without undue sedation or obtundation makes specific peripheral nerve blocks ideally suited for surgery of the lower extremity. Low incidence of perioperative complications, superb postoperative analgesia and increased operating room efficiency, all have accounted for the substantial resurgence of interest in these techniques. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the suitability of this simple and safe technique i.e Combined Femoral& sciatic nerve block for various unilateral lower limb surgeries specially below knee level and to assess the hemodynamic stability of the patients after this procedure. Materials and Method: This Prospective......

[1]. Davies MJ, McGlade DP. One hundred sciatic nerve block: a comparison of localization techniques. Anesthesia intensive care1993;76-8
[2]. Dr. Bindi B. Palkhiwala, Dr. Pauravi T. Bhatt: Study of Combined Femoral and Sciatic Nerve Blocks for Lower Limb Surgical Procedures, GUJARAT MEDICAL JOURNAL / MARCH-2015 Vol. 70 No. 1
[3]. A sing, Borghi B,Fanelli G, Cerchierini E, Santorsola R,Sassoli V, Grispigni C,Torri G: A double-blinded, randomized comparison of either 0.5% levobupivacaine or 0.5% ropivacaine for sciatic nerve block, Anesth Analg 2002 Apr;94(4):987-90.
[4]. Raj Kumar, A. Singh. Amputation of lower extremity in diabetic and high resk patients under peripheral nerve blocks (combined sciatic and 3-in-1 femoral block). Kuwait Medical Journal 2001; 33(4):310-316.
[5]. Bindi B, Dr. Pauravi T. Bhatt: Study of Combined Femoral and Sciatic Nerve Blocks for Lower Limb Surgical Procedures, Anesth Analg 2002 Apr;94(4):987-90.

Abstract: Self medication is a universal phenomenon.Self-medication is the use of non-prescribed drugs to treat self-diagnosed disorders or symptoms which results in increased resistance to pathogen and serious health hazards such as adverse drug reaction, prolonged suffering and drug dependence. Here a cross sectional study was conducted among patients attending the Department of Conservative Dentistry, GDC ,Kottayam,to determine the prevalence and causes of self medication on 222 patients using questionnaires highlighting age,gender,educational qualification,marital status, socioeconomic status,occupation,reasons for self medication,medications used and the source of medications.14.9% claimed to be involved in self medication.Pain was the common reason for self medication.

Keywords: Self medication, Analgesics,Drug vendor,

[1]. Bretagne JF, Richard Molyoivd B, Honnorat C, Caekaert A, Barthelemy P. [Gastroesophageal reflux in the French general population: national survey of 8000 adults]. Preese Med 2006; 35: 23-31
[2]. Deshpande SG , Tiwari R. Self Medication – a growing concern. Indian J med Sci 1997; 51: 93-96 Shankar PR,Partha P, Shenoy N. Self medication and non -doctor prescription practices in Pokhara valley, Western Nepal: a questionnaire -based study. BMC Fam Pract 2002; 3:17.
[3]. Shankar PR,Partha P, Shenoy N. Self medication and non -doctor prescription practices in Pokhara valley, Western Nepal: a questionnaire -based study. BMC Fam Pract 2002; 3:17.
[4]. Zafar SN, Syed R, Waqar S , Zubairi AJ, Vaqar T , Shaikh M, Yousaf W, Shahid S , Saleem S . Self Medication amongst university students of Karachi: prevalence, knowledge and attitudes. J Pak Med Assoc. 2008;58: 214-17
[5]. World Health Organization: Guidelines for the regulatory assessment of medicinal products for use in self-medication WHODEDM/QSM/001, 2000

Abstract: Anatomical variations in the branching pattern of aortic arch arise as a result of altered development of primitive aortic arch associated with ''migration'' and ''merging'' of arch branches during early gestational period. The present study is conducted on branching pattern of aortic arch in the aborted human fetuses, as the literature regarding the fetuses is very limited. Aim: To study the variations in branching pattern of aortic arch in the human fetuses. Material and methods: The present study is conducted on 120 aborted human fetuses of both sexes between 18 – 38-week gestational age groups collected from Government Maternity hospital, Tirupati and preserved.....

Keywords: Aortic arch, Fetus, Left vertebral artery, Variations.

[1]. Paraskevas G, Agios P, Stavrakas M, Stoltidou A, Tzaveas A, Left common carotid artery arising from the brachiocephalic trunk: a case report. Cases Journal 2008; 1(1): 83.
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[4]. Sunitha V.A Study of Aortic arch in the human fetuses of North coastal Andhra Pradesh 2012 Vol. 2 (1) January-April, pp. 196-200.
[5]. Moskowitz WB, Topaz On. The implications of common brachiocephalic trunk on associated congenital cardiovascular defects and their management. Cardiology in the Young 2003;13(6):537-543..

Abstract: Introduction: Focal liver lesions are commonly encountered in day-to-day practise. However, they always prove to be controversial and a challenge in diagnosis many times. Advances in imaging leads to widespread and early detection of these lesions. In depth knowledge of the imaging characteristics can therefore prove beneficial for the management of the patients. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the role of ultrasound (USG) and Triphasic Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) in diagnosis of focal hepatic masses and compare the ultrasound and CECT findings of focal hepatic masses and correlate with histopathological and surgical findings. Material and Methods:100...

Keywords: Focal hepatic lesions, Abscess, Metastasis, Hepatic Cysts, Tumours

[1]. Vishwanath T Thimmaiah. Evaluation of Focal Liver Lesions by Ultrasound as a Prime Imaging Modality, Sch. J. App. Med. Sci., 2013; 1(6): 1041-1059.
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[3]. Mahesh Kumar, Palbha Khanna, Raja Kollu, R P Bansal. Ultrasonography and computed tomography in evaluation of hepatic mass lesions.
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[5]. Marten A Lantinga, Tom JG Gevers et al. Evaluation of hepatic cystic lesions World J Gastroenterol. Jun 21, 2013; 19(23): 3543–3554..

Abstract: Road traffic accidents are one of the major causes of fatalities in the word. The increase in the global population has led to increase in the number of road crashes despite the development of various measures to improve traffic safety, such as legislation and safety technology like traffic lights and safety belts (Ashraf et al., 2019). According to the World Health Organization, road traffic accidents are the major cause of death for young children aged between1-14 years. Furthermore, the lack of use or improper use of a restraint system is the main cause of disabilities and mortalities related to road traffic accidents (Sango et al., 2016). A 2016 report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicated that 3,554 children were killed in the United States, with those......

[1]. Al-Ali, A., Al-Otaibi, A., Ghassan, K., Al-Dossary, M., Al-Sharif, F. and Alghafli, B. (2017) 'Knowledge and practice about car safety in Kingdom of Bahrain', Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 16(2), pp. 86-105.
[2]. AlSallum, G., Alwassel, A., Alshushan, A., Abaalkhail, A., Alhasoon, M. and Aldamigh, A. (2019) 'Parent's knowledge, attitude, and practice about children car seats at Unaizah city, KSA', Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 8(3), p. 805. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_75_19.
[3]. Alsanea, M., Masuadi, E. and Hazwani, T. (2018) 'Use of child restraint system and patterns of child transportation in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia', PLOS ONE, 13(1), p. e0190471. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190471.
[4]. Andijani, S. (2017) 'Knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents regarding children's car safety seat', International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 1(2), pp. 46-51. doi: 10.24911/ijmdc.1.2.2.
[5]. Ansari, S., Akhdar, F., Mandoorah, M. and Moutaery, K. (2000) 'Causes and effects of road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia', Public Health, 114(1), pp.37-39. doi: 10.1038/sj.ph.1900610.