iosr-JEEE   Volume-9 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2014

Abstract: The Inverter translates the power from DC to AC. A Multilevel Inverter is a power electronic device that is used for high voltage and high power applications. The level of the needed input voltage depends entirely on the design and purpose of the inverter. This paper proposes a new topology of a cascaded multilevel inverter that utilizes less number of switches than the conventional topology. There will be a reduction in the gate driver circuit with less number of switches.
Keywords: PWM technique, Multilevel Inverter, DC, IGBTs.

[1]. Ebrahim Babaei, 2008, "A Cascade Multilevel Converter Topology With Reduced Number of Switches" IEEE Transactions on power electronics,Vol. 23, No.6.
[2]. J. Rodríguez, J. S. Lai, and F. Z. Peng, "Multilevel inverters: A survey of topologies, controls, and applications," IEEE Transaction on Industrial electronics, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 724–738, Aug. 2002
[3]. Rashid, M.H, 2004. "Power Electronics:Circuits, devices and applications. Third Edition, Prentice Hall.
[4]. L. M. Tolbert, F. Z. Peng, T. G. Habetler, "Multilevel PWM methods at low modulation indices," IEEE Transactions on power electronics, vol. 15, no. 4, July 2000, pp. 719-725.
[5]. Mohan N, Undeland T. M, and Robbins W.P. 2003, Power Electronics: converters, applications and design", Third Edition.John Wiley and sons

Abstract: This paper evaluates the Reliability of Onitsha power distribution network using analytical technique and the level of improvement achievable through application of photovoltaic (PV) system at injection substations. ETAP simulation software was used to run the power flow and reliability assessment of the Network. The investigation revealed that before the PV installations the total revenue lost due to outages in 2009, 2010 and 2011 amounted to N17,439,247,940; N28,718,370,004 and N61,131,521,807 respectively. Whereas after the PV installation the total revenue lost reduced to N6,769,656,987, N12,718,370,004 and N21,359,660,013 respectively representing 61.2%, 55.7% and 65.1% reduction in revenue loss for the period under review.
Keywords: Reliability, Electric Power, Distribution Network, Photovoltaic System and ETAP

[1]. J. E. J. Schmitz (2007). The second law of life: energy, technology, and the future of Earth as we know it. www.secondlawof life.worldpress.com.
[2]. M. Claude (2006).World Energy outlook. International Energy Agency. www.iea.org. pp 306 - 308.
[3]. F. Yang, S. W. Kang, G. Stelopoulos (2005). Comprehensive power system reliability assessment. Final project, Georgia Institute of Technology.
[4]. J. B. Violentis, A. N. Platis, G. A. Gravvanis, V. P. Koutras (2001). Electrical Substation Efficient Maintenance Policies Based on Semi-Markov Modeling and Approximate Inverse Preconditioning. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 12, Vas. Sofias Street, GR 67100 Xanthi, Greece

[5]. E. A. Ogujor, P. A. Kuale (2007). Using Reliability Indices-Markov Model in Electric Power Distribution System. International Journal of Electrical and Power Engineering 1(4): 416-420.

Abstract: The proposed model was build with an aim to maintain constant output torque at a set-point irrespective of varying Wind speed. First a Wind turbine emulator for a Low Power Horizontal Axis Wind turbine using DC Motor was build in Matlab /Simulink then the strategy control was achieved by using Pitch angle control technique which comprises of an Integral controller and a switch .The output torque of the Wind turbine was fed to DC motor whose armature current was controlled by using a PI Controller.The Simulated result demonstrated a constant DC motor speed, armaturé Current ,armature Voltage at all permissible wind speed of the wind turbine. The developed system can be used to build a Wind Power Generation System.
Keywords: DC motor, PI Controller, pitch angle control ,wind turbine , wind turbine emulation

[[1]. Government of India – Ministry of New and Renewable Energy , Physical Progress (Achievements)", 2014.
[2]. K.K.M.S. Kariyawasam , K.K.N.P. Karvnarathna,R.M.A. Karunarathe , " Design and development separately excited DC motor ", Smart grid and renewable Energy ,SGRE,vol. 4, pp – 259-265, 2013.
[3]. S.R.Karisomayajula, " Compressive study on Importance of Wind Power in India ", American Journal of Engineering Research ,AJER,vol.2,no.4 ,PP -27-35,2013
[4]. A.Hwas and R.Katchi ,"Wind turbine Control using PI Pitch Angle Controller ", IFAC Conference on advance in PID Control, Brescia (Italy), 2012
[5]. I.Nouria and A.Khedher ," A Contribution to Design and installation of an universal Platform of a Wind Emulator using a DC Motor ", International Journal of Renewable Energy Research ,IJRER , vol.2,no. 4, pp-797-804,2012

Abstract: In this paper we have designed and simulated Hybrid MOSFET(with two substrate material ) and compared the drain characteristics with basic MOSFET( single substrate material ). Here we observed that drain current starts saturating at much earlier time for hybrid MOSFET than basic MOSFET but the drain current value is very low in hybrid MOSFET. To increase the drain current value in the hybrid MOSFET different measures like gate oxide material (HFO2) and variable oxide thickness have been used which leads better performance. Design, Simulation and analysis have been done with the help of Visual TCAD.
Keyword: N channel MOSFET, Hafnia(HFO2), Hybrid MOSFET, Visual TCAD

[1]. Stanley Wolf and Richard N. Tauber, " Silicon processing for the VLSI ERA VOLUME III" , Lattice Press, 1986
[2]. Neil H. E. Weste, David Money Harris, "CMOS VLSI Design ", fourth edition, Addison-Wesley, 2011.
[3]. Razavy, Mohsen (2003). Quantum Theory of Tunneling. World Scientific. ISBN 981-238-019-1.
[4]. J. C. Lee, "Single-layer thin HfO2 gate dielectric with n+ polysilicon," Proc. of IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology, NJ, June 2000,pp.44-45.
[5]. H. S. Baik and S. J. Pennycook, "Interface structure and nonstoichiometry in HfO2 dielectrics," IEEE Applied Physics Letter, vol. 85, 2009, pp. 672- 674.

Abstract: Most of the renewable energy generation systems, such as wind power generation system do not have constant power generation pattern due to their dependence on climate conditions. Therefore, it becomes impractical to install them as an isolated system without an optional power generation unit or battery backup for getting consistent output power. In remote areas, the grid electrification may not always be feasible. Above factors have led to conceptualization of isolated wind power generation system (IWPGS) working under varying wind and load conditions. However, the harmonics generated due to the power electronic interface, non-linear loads connected to the system and reactive power consumption by all such loads, leads to power quality deterioration. This paper deals with one such solution to the power quality problems associated with IWPGS in form of active power filter (APF) and its performance is demonstrated through comparison onvarious indices.
Keywords: Active power filter (APF), Battery energy storage unit (BESU), isolated wind power generation system (IWPGS), permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), total harmonic distortion(THD)

[1]. M.E. Haque, M. Negnevitsky, and K.M. Muttaqi, A novel control strategy for a variable-speed wind turbine with a permanentmagnet
synchronous generator, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 46(1), 2010, 331-338.
[2]. W. Kramer, S. Chakraborty, B. Kroposki, and H. Thomas, Advanced power electronic interfaces for distributed energy systems
Part 1: Systems and topologies, Technical Report NREL/TP-581-42672, March 2008.
[3]. B. Singh and G.K. Kasal G. K, Solid state voltage and frequency controller for a standalone wind power generating system,
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 23(3), 2008, 1170-1177.
[4]. J.A. Baroudi, V. Dinavahi and A. M. Knight, A review of power converter topologies for wind generators, Renewable Energy,
32(14), 2007, 2369-2385.
[5]. J.M. Carrasco, L.G. Franquelo, J.T. Bialasiewicz, E. Galvan, R.C.P. Guisado, Ma.A.M. Prats, J.J.I. Leon, and N. Moreno-
Alfonso, Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: a survey, IEEE Transactions on
Industrial Electronics, 53(4), 2006, 1002-1016.

Abstract: In this present paper different models are implemented to study the thermal effects at various installation conditions. When a cable is installed in air, solar and wind effects are taken into consideration to know the effect on cables. The heat generated in the cable that is buried in trenches dissipates heat through the backfill material surrounding the cable. The heat generation decreases with the increase in thermal conductivityof the moist soil. The effect of steam pipe crossing over a cable underground causes the moisture migration from the soil. The results are obtained in COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS software which solves the equations based on finite element method.
Keywords: solar and wind effects, backfill material, COMSOL-MULTIPHYSICS software, moisture migration

[1]. Hanna, M. A., Chikhani, A. Y., & Salama, M. M. A. (1994). Thermal analysis of power cables in multi-layered soil. III. Case of two cables in a trench Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on, 9(1), 572-578.

[2]. Brandon, T. L., Mitchell, J. K., & Cameron, J. T. (1989). Thermal instability in buried cable backfills Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 115(1), 38-55.

[3]. Hanna, M. A., Chikhani, A. Y., & Salama, M. M. A. (1993). Thermal analysis of power cables in multi-layered soil. I. Theoretical model Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on, 8(3), 761-771.

[4]. Al-Saud, M. S., El-Kady, M. A., & Findlay, R. D. (2008). A new approach to underground cable performance assessment Electric Power Systems Research, 78(5), 907-918.

[5]. Yanmu, L. I., et al. Coupled Electromagnetic-Thermal Modeling the Temperature Distribution of XLPE Cable, IEEE Power and Energy Engineering Conference, Asia-Pacific 2009,pp. 1-4

Abstract: In case of system Mathematical model plays an important role to give response. This paper explains different kinds of system such as electrical, mechanical, and hydraulic. In Accordance of it examples of Mechanical, Electrical and Hydraulic system are represented by mathematical model; in different types of Mathematical model i.e. Mechanical System by Differential Equation Model, Electrical system by State-Space Model and Hydraulic System by Transfer Function Model. Mathematical models of above systems are simulated by using MATLAB SIMULINK R2013a to check behaviour.
Keywords: Mathematical modeling, Electrical, Mechanical and Hydraulic systems and their behavior in Matlab.

[1] Nagrath and Gopal, Control System Engineering.
[2] W. Bolton, Mechatronics, Pearson Publication.
[3] R.K. Bansal, Matlab and its application in engineering, Pearson Publication.
[4] Dr. Imtiaz Hussain ,Mathematical Modelling of Liquid Level Systems.

Abstract: This paper concerns the design and implementation of CMOS operational amplifier with current mirror load in 0.18um process to satisfy some specifications such as,: VDD = 1.8V, SR >= 10V/us (CL = 2pF), phase margin 600, f-3dB>= 100kHz (CL = 2pF), a small signal gain A >=1000 V/V, ICMR is [0.7V, 1.1V] andPdiss<=1mW.And shows DC response, AC response, and transient response. CMOS gates are not particularly effective in detecting and reacting to small signal changes, because of the relatively small transconductance of< the MOS device. In order to work properly and to achieve high performance, reduced-swing circuits normally< require amplifier circuits, whose task it is to restore the signal to its full swing in a minimum amount of time and with a minimum amount of extra energy consumption.
Keywords: CMOS operational amplifier, cascade amp, current gain.

[1]. A. Younis and M. Hassoun, "A High Speed Fully Differential CMOS Op-Amp," Proceedings of the IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Vol. 2, pp. 780-783, August 2000.
[2]. P. E. Allen and D. R. Holberg, CMOS Analog Circuit Design. Oxford University Press, 2002.
[3]. B. Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits. McGraw-Hill, 2001

Abstract: In order to improve the convenience and efficiency of the human-computer interaction, a new three-dimensional wireless and interactive control system is designed in this paper. The microcontroller MSP430 is taken as the core of the control system, and the gyroscope and acceleration module based on MPU6050 chip is used to detect the state of the gestures. The integrated chip HT82M92A is used to realize the function of mouse driver, and the wireless module based on NRF24L01+ chip is used to realize the wireless communication. Experimental results show that the controller can collect the rotating and tilting gestures and realize the control of the moving cursor. In addition, the controller has many key response functions of left, right, page up and page down keys during the interaction, and has the deictic function by a laser. This control system meets the needs of the human-computer interaction by merging the functions of three-dimensional wireless mouse and flip laser pointer.
Keywords: Control system; Human-computer interaction; three dimension; Gestures state

[1] J.X. Chen, X. Bu, R. Wang, J. Liu and Y. Zhang, The design and implementation of MEMS accelerometer-based 3D wireless mouse, Wireless Internet Technology, 8, 2011, 22-25.
[2] B.C. Li, W.X. Ning, Exploration and design of 3-axis accelerometer-based 3D mouse, Computer CD Software and Applications, 9, 2013, 122-123.
[3] J. Tang, W.Y. Chen, X.B. Jiang, L. Qiang, Design of micro-accelerometer mouse system, Computer Engineering and Design, 29(23), 2008, 6136-6138.
[4] J.X. Chen, J. Zang, L.L. Yang, Design and implementation of three dimension mouse based on MEMS sensor, Computer Engineering, 38(24), 2012, 274-278.
[5] B. Guo，S.F. Luo，X.D. Li, Design of TV remote controller with mouse function based on NRF24L, Electronic Engineering & Product World, 6, 2011, 49-51.