iosr-JEEE   Volume-9 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2014

Abstract: This paper presents a recent popular power inverter which is impedance source or Z-source inverter (ZSI) and the comparison and analysis of two conventional PWM techniques of Z-source inverter. Due to the impedance network it couples inverter main circuit to the power source thus providing special features that can overcome the limitations of traditional voltage source inverter (VSI) and current source inverter(CSI).In this paper we discussed and analyzed about the different conventional PWM techniques like Simple Boost Control, Maximum Boost Control, Maximum Boost Control with third harmonic injection, Maximum Boost Control with triplen injection where it is observed that the Maximum Boost Control with triplen injection is much better than other techniques in respect of load current ripple, inductor current ripple and capacitor voltage ripple for different modulation index and same switching frequency.
Keywords: Z-source inverter; PWM techniques.

[1]. N. Mohan, W. P. Robbin, and T. Undeland, Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1995.
[2]. F. Z. Peng, "Z-source inverter", IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 39, pp. 504-510, Mar-Apr 2003.
[3]. P.C. Loh, D.M. Vilathgamuwa, Y.S. Lai, G.T. Chua, and Y. Li, "Pulse-Width Modulation of Z-Source Inverter", in Conf. Rec. 2004 IEEE Industry Applications Conferences, pp. 148-155.
[4]. J. B. Liu, J. G. Hu, and L. Y Xu, "A modified space vector PWM for z-source inverter - Modeling and design," ICEMS 2005, in Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, Vols 1-3, pp. 1242-1247, 2005.
[5]. N. Muntean, L. Tutelea, and I. Boldea, "A Modified Carrier-Based PWM Modulation Technique in Z-Source Inverter", in 2007 Int. Aegean Conf. on Electrical Machines and Power Electronics, pp. 174180.

Abstract: For improving power quality as a cost effective solution for the protection of sensitive loads from voltage disturbances a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) has great significance. Dynamic voltage restorers are mostly utilized to deal with voltage sag and swells in distribution systems. In this paper, a Dynamic voltage restorer and review of proposed control strategies applied in Dynamic voltage restorers are discussed.
Index term: Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), harmonics, sag/swell, controller

[1]. R.C.Dugan, M.F. McGranaghan, H.W. Beatly, "Electrical Power Systems Quality", McGraw-Hill, 1996.
[2]. A.Ghosh, G.Ledwich, "Compensation of distribution system voltage using DVR", IEEE Trans Power delivery, Vol.17, PP. 1030-1036, Oct 2002.
[3]. J.G.Nielson, F.Balaajerg, "Comparison systems topologies for dynamic voltage restoration", in proc.IEEE/IASO1 conference, 2001, PP.2397-2403.
[4]. Ahmed A. Helal, Mohamed H. Saied, "Dynamic Voltage Restorer Adopting 1500 Conduction Angle VSI", 2008 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy conference.
[5]. Changjiang Zhan, C.Fitzer, V.K.Ramchandramurthy, A.Arulampalam, M.Barnes, N.Jenkins, "Software Phase Locked Loop Applied To Dynamic Voltage Restorer", in proc. IEEE-PES Winter Meeting 2001, PP. 1033 – 1038.

Abstract: Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a real problem in harvesting power of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells. Constant voltage method (CV) has been used to get MPP. Unfortunately, to determine the reference maximum voltage in CV method, the photovoltaic module should be regularly disconnected to- measure the open circuit voltage and calculate the new operating point; this causes power loosing rather than time consuming. This paper introduces a fully electronic system that automatically generates a reference maximum voltage which allows the PV modules to produce all the power they are capable of. Unlike the approximated< calculations of reference values of traditional CV; the charge of this accurate reference-generator is to generate an expected operating point over wide range of weather variations without disconnecting the PV modules. A T-S based fuzzy logic controller has been utilized to calculate the maximum operating voltage ( of the PV module according to weather variations i.e. temperature and irradiation.
Keywords: Constant Voltage; Photovoltaic module; MPPT and Automatic generation

[1]. C.Hua and C. Shen "Comparative Study of Peak Power Tracking Techniques for Solar Storage System", Vol. 2, Pp.679-683,1988.
IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition Proceedings.
[2]. Hussein, K.H., I. Muta, T. Hoshino and M. Osakada (1995). "Maximum Photovoltaic Power Tracking: An Algorithm for Rapidly
Changing Atmospheric Conditions", Vol. 142, No. 1, Pp. 59-64, IEE Proceedings on Generation, Transmission and Distribution.
[3]. A.Brambilla"New Approach to Photovoltaic Arrays Maximum Power Point Tracking", Vol. 2, Pp. 632-637,1998, Proceeding of
30th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.
[4]. W. Swiegers and J.H.R. Enslin."An Integrated Maximum Power Point Tracker for Photovoltaic Panels", Vol. 1, Pp. 40-44, ,jul
1998.Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronic.
[5]. T.Hiyama, and K. Kitabayashi"Neural Network Based Estimation of Maximum Power Generation from PV Module Using
Environment Information", Vol. 12, No. 3, Pp. 241-247,Sep 1997. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion

Abstract: Rotating electrical machines play an important role in the industrial world. Among them, the threephase squirrel cage asynchronous machines are frequently used because of their robustness, their relatively simple construction and their low cost. Nevertheless, during their lifespan, these machines are submitted to< external and internal stresses which can lead to several failures. In this paper, we present the estimate of the parameters sensitive to the defects, namely the rotor currents and resistances of the rotor bars, by using the Extended Kalman filter.
Keywords: Asynchronous machine, multi-winding model, extended Kalman filter, break bar.

[1]. Bachir.S, Contribution au diagnostic de la machine asynchrone par estimation paramétrique, thèse de doctorat, Ecole supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Poitiers, décembre 2002.
[2]. Boumegoura. T, Recherche de signature électromagnétique des défauts dans une machine asynchrone, et synthèse d'observateurs en vue du diagnostic, thèse de doctorat, l'école doctorale électronique, électrotechnique, automatique de Lyon, Mars 2001.
[3]. HENRY. D, Diagnostic et contrôle de cohérence des systèmes multivariables incertains, Novembre 1999, l'Université Bordeaux I.
[4]. Devanneaux.V , Modélisation des machines asynchrones triphasées à cage d'écureuil en vue de la surveillance et du diagnostic, Thèse de doctorat en génie électrique, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, décembre 2002.
[5]. Bulent ,Ayhan. Mo-Yuen Chow, and Myung-Hyun Song, ,Multiple Signature Processing-Based Fault Detection Scheme for Broken Rotor Bar in Induction Motors , IEEE Transactions on energy conversion vol. 20, NO.2, june 2005

Abstract: Automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers , heat treating ovens, switching in telephone networks, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications with minimal or reduced human intervention. The biggest benefit of automation is that it saves labour, save energy, materials and to improve quality, accuracy and precision. The wireless communication technologies are widely applied in the fields like Industrial Automation. Injection molding machines can fasten the molds in either a horizontal or vertical position. Wireless communication and smart sensors and actuators pose means to sustainably improve automation technology. To learn about Industrial Automation, a review process involving 2 stage approaches has been undertaken for 15 research papers which were published in the period of year 2000 to year 2013. After an exhaustive review process, four key issues were found "Controlling method of injection molding machine for new technologies, new trends in industrial Automation, Energy Storage in co-generation power plant & Wireless Data Transmission" which is mostly need to enhance of Industrial Automation aspects to get better solution approach. The outcome of the review was in the form of various findings, found under various key issues. The findings included algorithms and methodologies used to solve particular research problem, along with their strengths and weaknesses and the scope for the future work in the area.
Key words: Co-generation power plant, Data Transmission, VDF

[1]. Allen, J.F.: Maintaining about Temporal Intervals. Comm. of the ACM, 1983 Val 26 Nr 11
[2]. Dorn, J.: Wissensbasierte Echtzeitplanung. Vieweg , 1989 Laffey, Th.J. et al: Real-Time Knowledge-Based Systems.
[3]. AI Maaazine, 1988 Spring, pp 27 - 45. Lauber, R.J: Forecasting Real-Time Behaviour During Software Design using a ASE Environ-Int. Conf. on System Science 1989, pp 645-653.
[4]. Lesser, V.R. and Pavlin, J. and Durfee, E.: Approximate Processing in Real-Time Solving. Maaazine, 1988 Spring, pp 49 - 61.
[5]. McDermott, D.V.: A Temporal Logic for Reasoning About Processes and Plans. Coanitive Science

Abstract: The system which can work only when we want is defined as switching control system. The system which can controlled only when we required is known as controlled system otherwise, it is known as uncontrolled machine. This paper is about make this switching control system efficient and dynamic. As the name suggested the switching control is for controlling the motor from remote place, look over its operating conditions; get feedback from the motor itself. Our objective is to control the motor from distant place by mobile SMS and also get feedback by SMS while it is in ON or OFF condition. GSM network is everywhere in our country and also in the world that's why we choose GSM network to operate our motor also the GSM network is used as channel or communicator between user and machine. The GSM network, itself a combination of wide range of different components. By using GSM network, the cost of extra networking equipment is reduced. The automatically generated feedback signal at the motor end got by GSM modem and sent feedback to the user. The feedback sent by SMS because it is very easy to generate SMS by mobile station and send feedback SMS by Modem as well. In industrial sector we hope our project is become handy and cost effective to operate motor and give its protection. Keywords: Gsm Modem, Lcd, Microcontroller, Motor, Motor Driver, Power Supply

[1]. Vinoth Kumar Sadagopan, UpendranRajendran and Albert Joe Francis," Anti-Theft Control System Design Using Embedded System" IEEE 2011
[2]. Wayne H. Wolf," Hardware-software Co-Design of Embedded Systems", proceedings of IEEE, Vol.82, No.7, July 1994
[3]. Pawan Chandra, PiyushAnand, Prabhat Chandra Chantola and Shilpi," GSM Based Stepper Motor Monitoring and Speed Control", ISSN (PRINT) : 2320 – 8945, Volume -1, Issue -5, 2013
[4]. Y. Prashanthi, Y. Arunasuhasini and B. Jyothi," Multi Level Anti-Theft Security System using GSM Technology", ISSN: 2277-9655,Sep,2013
[5]. Microcontroller Projects in C for the 8051 by Dogan Ibrahim

Abstract: The paper entitled "Control of field oriented induction machine using dsPIC Controller" review for field oriented control (FOC) induction machine. In this paper Closed loop control of adjustable speed drive is presented. DSPIC30F4011 Controller is a new platform for motor control application. In recent years, the use of ASD with advanced control technique is important for automation process for the application of industrial drives. This controller based, PWM-output, variable frequency drives provide the user with a tremendous variety of features and functions which allow accurate control and monitoring in nearly every 3-phase induction motor application. In this project,a proxy sensor or IR sensor is used to measure the speed of the motor and its given to the controller. The controller generates the pulses to drive the motor.
Keywords: dsPIC, Induction motor, field oriented control

[1]. Seungdeog Choi, Student Member, IEEE, Bilal Akin, Member, IEEE,Mina M. Rahimian, Student Member, IEEE, and Hamid A. Toliyat, Fellow, IEEE Implementation of a Fault-Diagnosis Algorithm for Induction Machines Based on Advanced Digital-Signal-Processing Techniques IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 58, NO. 3, MARCH 2011
[2]. David M. Reed Member, IEEE , MIT Lincoln Laboratory Heath F. Hofmann Member, IEEE, University of Michigan – Ann Arbor Direct Field-Oriented Control of an Induction Machine using an Adaptive Rotor Resistance Estimator
[3]. HeberttSira-Ramírez, Senior Member, IEEE, Felipe González-Montañez,John Alexander Cortés-Romero, and Alberto Luviano-Juárez A Robust Linear Field-Oriented Voltage Control for the Induction Motor: Experimental Results IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 60, NO. 8, AUGUST 2013
[4]. Ahmed. F. Abd El-Halim, Control and Instrumentationi Sidi Kerier Petrochemical Alexandria, Egypt, Mohamed . M. Abdulla, MIEEE, Ibrahim. F. El-Arabawy, SMIEEE Practical Methodology of Control and Protection of Field Oriented Induction Machine Using Digital Signal Processing ICCTA 2012, 13-15 October 2012, Alexandria, Egypt
[5]. Anno Yoo, Chanook Hong, Basic Technology R&D Center LSIS Anyang, Korea, Jung-Ik Ha, School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea On-line Rotor Time Constant Estimation for Indirect Field Oriented Induction Machine

Abstract: The distribution transformer monitoring system is composed of Transformer Terminal Unit (TTU), GPRS wireless communication network and master station. TTU is installed in the transformer, which mainly accomplishes data collection, analysis and record, pops up alarm information in time when the transformer has abnormal events, receives the command from the master station and implements it. GPRS wireless communication network is the bridge of data transmission between the master station and transformers. Master station receives the real-time data of transformers through GPRS wireless communication network, implements further data processing and saving, consequently issues control command. Therefore the system can achieve a comprehensive monitoring and control for distribution transformers. At the same time, it can provide users with a visual interface and let dispatches obtain monitoring performance of far transformers in time for never leaving home. Choosing an appropriate device should also be considered when designing and low power consumption components. From replacement and easy maintenance considerations and reliability, the controller part is independent chassis equipment. We focus on the selection of hard ware component and corresponding hardware design of TTU, designing a high reliability and multifunction TTU which meet the application requirements is an urgent need for substation automation. This paper presents a new hardware design for TTU; the design is composed of seven main parts with its own components which include: conditioning circuit of A-Phase voltage and conditioning circuit of A-Phase current, Circuit diagram of switch input. power supply regulator, Multiplexer switch (AD7506), Clock circuit design output switch control circuit and Communication interface circuit.
Keywords: CPU (STC12C5620AD), hard ware, Substation automation, TTU

[1]. Na Wu, YinjingGuo, Study New Smart Transformer Terminal Unit on Based on ARM and GPRS Network, DECEMBER 2013
[2]. MaXiaoLu, the Study of Transformer Terminal Unit Based on MSP430, 2005
[3]. LI Guang-hu, Study of DSP based transformer terminal unit (TTU), 2004
[4]. B.L. Therajaet. all "A Textbook of Electrical Technology Vol.III, Transmission, Distribution and Utilization," S. Chand & Co. Ltd., 2002.
[5]. David Mark Edward Ingram, Assessment of Precision Timing and Real-Time Data Networks for Digital Substation Automation, February 2013
[6]. Bruce Carter and Thomas R. Brown, Handbook of Operational Amplifier Applications, sboa092a –October 2001

Abstract: Nigeria very recently experienced a restructuring in her power system setup. This was done with the intention of involving private investors in the generation and distribution expansion plans in tandem with the country's millennium development goals. A major focus of the current energy debate is how to meet the future demand for electricity while meeting up with the high operational efficiency required in a deregulated power industry. Energy conservation and pollution minimization are central to such desired optimal operation in this new power structure. Problem arises when these generating stations are situated in unfavourable locations leading to high losses. Building cogeneration plants is a very efficient way of achieving large generation capacity, while reducing energy wastage and environmental pollution. This work assesses the risks involved in locating and sizing of cogenerating plants using Monte Carlo technique applied in MATLAB simulation environment. Results obtained are used to determine the benefits accruing to the utility companies when these cogeneration plants are connected to the grid. This is because it forms a major point of consideration in the planning of the generation system, particularly in deregulated systems where profit maximization is a key to surviving the competition

[1]. M. Digambar. Tagare, "Electric Power Generation", IEEE Press, 2011.
[2]. N.U. Ekpo, C.A. Chuku, E.L. Effiong, "The Dynamics of Electricity Demand and Consumption in Nigeria", Maxwell Scientific Organization, August 15, 2011.
[3]. Odularo, G. O. and Okonkwo, C. (2009), "Does Energy Consumption Contribute to Economic Performance? Empirical Evidence from Nigeria." Journal of Economics and International Finance, Vol. 1 (2), pp 044-058.
[4]. CBN Statistical Bulletin (2009)
[5]. Y.U. Dantata, Z.A. Yahaya, NasiruInuwa, "Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus in Nigeria", European Scientific Journal, June 2010.
[6]. J. Puncochar, "Evaluating Cogeneration for Your Facility", Technical Information from Cummins Power Generation Incorporated, 2008.