iosr-JEEE   Volume-9 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2014

Abstract: The paper proposes the multilevel current waveform generation with a new configuration H-bridge Current Source Inverter (CSI) from a single DC power source. In this new topology, the H-bridge inverter acts as main circuit and the inductor cells acts as an auxiliary circuit in the generation of multilevel current waveform. This paper describes five level current waveform generation & the sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique is associated with three level shifted multicarrier is introduced in these topology to control the intermediate levels of multilevel current waveform. The main and auxiliary circuits are connected in parallel to generate a multilevel current waveform. The design and performance is evaluated by using MATLAB Simulation.
Keywords : Current-Source Inverter (CSI), H-bridge, Inductor cell, Multi-level current waveform profile.

[1] J. A. Gow and C. D. Manning, "Photovoltaic Converter System Suitable For Use in Small Scale Stand-Alone or Grid Connected Applications," Proc. Inst. Electr. Eng.-Electr. Power Appl., vol. 147, no. 6, pp.535-543, Nov. 2000.
[2] T. J. Liang, Y. C. kuo, and J. F. Chen,"Single-Stage Photovoltaic Energy Conversion System,"Proc.Inst.Electr.Eng. electr.PowerAppl.,vol.148, no.4, pp.339-344, Jul.2001.
[3] S. Duryea, S. Islam, and W. Lawrance, "A Battery Management System For Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Energy Systems," IEEE Ind. Appl. Mag., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 67-72, May/Jun. 2001.
[4] C. Klumpner and F. Blaajerg, "Using reverse blocking IGBTs in power converters for adjustable-speed drives," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 807–816, May/Jun. 2006.
[5] C. Liu, D. Xu, and L. Jun, "Three-phase current-source buck type PFC converter with reverse-blocking IGBTs," in Proc. Power Electron. Spec. Conf., 2007, pp. 1331–1335.

Abstract: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a promising technique for the broadband wireless communication system. However, the inter-carrier-interference (ICI) produced by the phase noise of transceiver local oscillator is a serious problem. The variations in Time Offset (TO) can lead to inter-symbol-interference (ISI) in case of frequency selective channel. Literature survey of any research filed or subject is must required, before contributing in the research of that field. The literature review gives a detailed study of existing published material for clear understanding of that area. Therefore, this Paper presents a detailed literature survey of the area taken (i.e., OFDM). The study in this paper highlights different problems or issues of OFDM system like high PAPR, synchronization, and Inter-Carrier-Interference (ICI). This review also summarizes the methods available in the literature to overcome these problems.
Keywords: OFDM, ICI, SC, MLE,PS

[1] M Agrawal, S. Sharma, Performance of MIMO-OFDM system using Linear Maximum Likelihood Alamouti Decoder, International
Journal of Distributed and Parallel Systems, 3(3), 2012, 121-131.
[2] A Idris, K Dimyati, Evaluating a new subcarrier mapping ICI-SC Scheme Using Linear Maximum Likelihood Alamouti Combiner
(LMLAC) Decoding Technique , Journal of Engineering Science and Technology,6(6),2011, 664-673
International Journal of Distributed and Parallel Systems, 3(3), 2012, 121-131.
[3] S Gupta, U Dalal, Implementation of Pulse Shaping Technique in OFDM System, International Journal of Computer Applications,
68(10), 2013, 19-23.
[4] A Gupta, G Gandhi, Implementation of Pulse Shaping Newr0-Fuzzy Technique in OFDM System, International Journal of
Computer Applications, 67(10), 2012, 25-30.
[5] H Zhou, Y Fang Haung, Maximum-Likelihood Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation for OFDM Systems in Fading Channels,
IEEE, 4(22), 2011, 168-178.

Abstract: In this proposed work I have design and implemented 8 bit microcontroller using intelligent clock gating to optimize the power of PEC.power optimization is a key factor in high integrated vlsi chip.The increasing prominence of portable systems and need to limit power consumption (and hence, heat dissipation) in very high density VLSI chips have led to rapid and innovative development in low power design during the recent years . The driving forces behind these developments are portable device application requiring low power dissipation and high throughput, such as notebook computers . Portable communication device, and personal \digital assistants (PDAs) . In most of these cases , the requirements for low power consumption must be met along with equally demanding goals of high chip density and high throughput. Hence, low power design of digital integrated circuits has emerged as a very active and rapidly developing field. Clock gating is a well-understood power optimization technique employed in both ASIC and FPGA designs to eliminate unnecessary switching activity. This method usually requires that the designers add a small amount of logic to their RTL code to disable or deselect unnecessarily active sequential elements registers. Results shows that ICG is very effective in power optimizationof PEM as it reduces power by adding small amount of logic to their RTL code to disable or deselect unnecessarily active sequential elements registers.TheVerilog code for all the modules is written in a hierarchical fashion starting with the smallest units and progressively, building upon them to develop the entire structure. Simulation of the entire FPGA is done to verify the functionality following which, synthesis and design implementation is carried out.
Keywords: Power, Clock Gating, Intelligent Clock Gating,Dcg,Fpga,Xilinx

[1]. Dr. M. Kamaraju, K- lalkishore,A.V.N. TILAK -power optimized programmable embedded controller, international journal of computer networks & communications (ijcnc), vol.2, no.4,july2010 figure.1 architecture of programmable embedded cont
[2]. Harris Lactases, Jorge Henkel, Wayne Wolf , " A Decomposed Architecture of Low Power Embedded Systems " , Proc. of the 20010 IEEE International Conference on Design: VLSI in Computer and Processors.
[3]. Qing Wu , Mass –out Pedro , and X unwei Wu " Clock-Gating and Its Application to Low Power Design of Sequential Circuits" IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-1: Fundamental Theory and Applications, Vol.47, No.103, March 2011, pp .415-420.
[4]. Michael K.Gowan, Larry L.Biro, Daniel B.Jackson"Power Considerations in the Design of the Alpha 21264 Microprocessor, Transaction ID: 2010 ACM 0-89791-964-5/98/06, pp .726-731 .

[5]. Jatuchai Pang jun and Sachin S.Saptnekar"Low-Power Clock Distribution Using Multiple Voltages and Reduced Swings" IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration(VLSI) Systems, Vol.10, No.3, June 2012 pp .309-318.

Abstract: Self-destruct is a mechanism that can cause a device to destroy itself under a predefined set of circumstances. Self-destruct mechanisms are found on devices and systems where malfunction could endanger large numbers of people. Defence advanced research projects agency (DARPA) is an agency of the United States Department of Defense (DoD) responsible for the development of new technologies for use by the military. DARPA announces the Vanishing Programmable Resources (VAPR) program with the aim of revolutionizing the state of the art in transient electronics. DARPA's latest initiative involves the development and manufacturing of electronics, including those for remote sensing and communication, which will be able to self-destruct on command. DARPA has already created transient electronics that vanish in water, with the idea that an injured solider can swallow the device after an injury and it will kill dangerous bacteria, fight infection, and be absorbed harmlessly into the body. These electronics, DARPA suggests, could be used for environmental monitoring and simplified diagnosis, treatment, and health monitoring in the field.
Keywords: battery, electronics, ssd data security, unhackable drive, VAPR IC

[1] http://www.gizmodo.in/science/Self-Destructing-Electronics-Are-Here-and-They-Are- Awesome/articleshow/33517895.cms
[2] http://gizmorati.com/2014/02/27/boeing-reveals-selfdestructing-black-spy-phone/
[3] http://phys.org/news/2014-03-electronics-press-on-tattoo.html
[4] http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/asian-technology/runcore-debuts-ssd-with-built-in-data-destruction/
[5] http://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/self-destructing-email

Abstract: In this paper a Health Monitoring System is presented. The System can be easily adopted to monitor the conditions of patient or performance of an athlete in Hospital and Gymnasium respectively. Blood Oxygen level, Temperature, Heart Rate and Breath Rate are called vital signs. Human body's most basic and important functions can be described in term of vital signs. The System incorporates data acquisition of vital signs using noninvasive approach, wireless transmission of the data, results display and their interpretation using soft computing. Health of a Patient can be monitored based on vital signs. Endurance and cardiorespiratory fitness of an athlete can be described in terms of VO2max, Anaerobic Threshold (AT) and Total Calories Expenditure. The system is equally reliable to monitor endurance and cardiorespiratory fitness of athletes. Suitable results are achieved based on the system.
Key Words: Aerobic, Anaerobic, Endurance, Calories,Sensor, Telemonitoring, Vital signs.

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Abstract: In this paper a Novel Neural Network Technique is presented using Support Vector Machine to develop a Short Term Load Forecasting (STLF) model for coming 24 hour load prediction considering various weather factors (Temperature & Humidity). In the STLF, future Load is planned up to weak ahead. Many approaches are used to develop a short term load forecasting model consisting of traditional, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and hybrid model. However there is intense need to develop a more accurate and efficient model for STLF. Detailed experiments were performed on AEMO and California Electricity market data. The results of the proposed technique have been compared with ANN models. Experimental results show that proposed technique is better in terms of accuracy, prediction & training time.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Neural Network, Regression, STLF, SVM

[1] Miloš Božić, Miloš Stojanović, "Application of SVM Methods for Mid-Term Load Forecasting" SERBIAN JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Vol. 8, No. 1, February 2011, 73-83
[2] N.M. Pindoriya, S.N. Singh, S.K. Singh "One-Step-Ahead Hourly Load ForecastingUsing Artificial Neural Network" Third international conference on power system kharaghpur india December 27-29 ,2009 Page No 177
[3] M. O. Oliveira, Marzec, Bordin, A.S. Bretas, D. Bernardon,."Climate Change Effect on Very Short-TermElectric Load Forecasting" Paper accepted for presentation at the 2011 IEEE Trondheim PowerTech.
[4] A.Azadeh, S.F.Ghadrei, B.Pourvalikhan Nokhandan" One day ahead load forecasting for electricity market of Iran by ANN" IEEE POWERENG 2009.
[5] Shu Fan, Senior Member, IEEE, and Rob J Hyndman "Short-term Load Forecasting Using Semi-parametric Additive Models" IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2011

Abstract: This paper presents the comprehensive study of the solution methodologies used so for the for Short Term Load Forecasting, these methodologies characterized by the methods and models as classical and artificial intelligent techniques .Statistical Technique includes Similar day approach, Linear regression, Time series method ,State space and intelligent techniques includes Artificial Neural Network (ANN),SVM(Support Vector Machine Regression), Fuzzy logic, SO(Particle Swarm Optimization),GA(Genetic Algorithm),ACA(Ant Colony Algorithm) and also there are hybrid techniques like Fuzzy and ANN, Adaptive neural fuzzy interface system, LS-SVM Optimized by Bacterial Colony Chemotax is Algorithm and GA based SVM and the last one is the Machine From this survey we show the importance of the short term load forecasting in operation and control and we conclude that the more promising method used for STFL is ANN(Artificial Neural Network) And A novel network Support Vector Machine and Ada Boost Regression techniques has great potential for the short term load forecasting other methods are also used for STFL.
Keywords: Artificial Neural network, Artificial intelligence, Regression analysis, Short Term Load Forecasting, Support vector machine.

[1] Yuan Ningl, Yufeng Liu Qiang Ji "Bayesian - BP Neural Network Based Short-term Load Forecasting for Power System" 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering(1CACTE) 2010.
[2] Zohreh Souzanchi-K , Hadi Fanaee-T, Mahdi Yaghoubi , Mohammad-R. Akbarzadeh- T "A Multi Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System for Short Term Load Forecasting by using Previous Day Features" International Conference on Electronics and Information Engineering (ICEIE 2010)
[3] s. Hassnain, A. Asar, F. Mahmood "Performance of STLF Model from the PSO,Time Series and Regression Perspectives" Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, June 14-19, 2009

[4] XinMA, Hong-xiao WU "Power System Short-term Load Forecasting Based on Cooperative Co-evolutionary Immune Network Model" 2nd International Conference on Education Technology and Computer (ICETC)2010.
[5] Yan Wang, Yuanwei Jing, Weilun Zhao,Yan-e Mao"Dynamic Neural Network Based Genetic Algorithm Optimizing for Short Term Load Forecasting"IEEE 2010.

Abstract: In the recent time Chhattisgarh establish new power hub in India but Chhattisgarh rural area does not have any electricity. With the simple and cheap arrangement we can provide electricity in rural area. Lots of village is not connected with power grid. We can generate electricity by use of biogas, solar, wind etc. By the use of these, there are negligible chances of pollution. With the help of photovoltaic cell and wind energy, we can produce electricity in the hilly areas and field areas. Government also promoted non conventional energy sources and provide lots of concession in the equipment of solar energy and wind energy power station. This paper presents an analysis of power supply using Solar and Wind hybrid energy in south areas of Chhattisgarh. This area includes parts of Dantewada, Jagadalpur, Bastar, and Kondagao. There are some Hilly tribal belts in south Chhattisgarh where the density of population is less than 100 persons per Sq. kilometre. Geographically this is hilly area where people live in scattered huts in mountain area where it is very costly to supply electricity to each and every hut. To enlighten these huts in dark nights and to provide them electricity for household use in each and every session is the target. Hybrid wind-solar Energy may be a boon for this areas .All the related data and graph s includes in this paper, establishment of hybrid renewable power system. The other non conventional method of method of power generation may be such as solar cells, fuel cells, thermo electric generation, thermionic convertor, wind power generation, solar power generation tidal power generation. There is also need to improve the utilization generating equipment take corrective measures to improve reliability of the electric power system and take care environmental aspects of energy generation.
Keywords: Rural Electrification1, Hybrid power system2, Photovoltaic3.

[1]. S.Rao, "Testing Commissioning Operation and Maintenance of Electrical Of Equipment", Khanna Publishers pp 82-92.
[2]. National Certification Examination for Energy Managers and Energy Auditors, "Energy Performance Assessment for Equipment and Utility Systems", Bureau of Energy Efficiency (A Statutory Body under Ministry of Power, Government of India), Book-4, pp. 158-160.
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Abstract: This methodology involves complementary square split ring resonators and a microstrip patch antenna both designed to resonate at same frquency.The proposed antenna is made by using metamaterial reflecting surface to obtain the maximum gain hight of reflecting surface is adjusted. we uses an array of squared split ring resonator (SRR) printed on a low dielectric constant material as the MRS, which is suspended over a probe-fed patch antenna. HFSS simulation of the proposed antenna shows improved gain and return loss at the centre frequency of 4.72 GHz.By using metamaterial reflecting surface technique we obtain 4.87db gain improvement.
Keywords: Microstrip patch antenna , SRR , Metamaterials, HFSS

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