iosr-JPBS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-5 ~ Sep.-Oct 2020

Abstract: Background:Water pollution by heavy metals, zinc inclusive, is becoming a major problem globally[1]. Too much ingestion of zinc causes health problems to an individual including fatigue, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, stomach crumps, damage of pancreas, and sometimes death[2]. The study aimed at purifying the zinc contaminated water from Katalina spring (Nakawa) using activated carbon, banana and orange peels. Methods: Fruit peels were collected from Banda-Kireka market and washed with water several times to remove contaminants. The peels were then washed with double distilled water to remove remaining dust contaminants. They were left to dry under sunlight for 5 days, then dried in an oven at 60oC for 10 hours and at 100oC for 5 hours to kill micro-organisms. The cooled peels were ground to a fine powder. Batch adsorption studies were carried out during the treatment of the zinc contaminated water and filtrates analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer to determine the final zinc concentration in the filtrates. These were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively.....

Keywords: Activated carbon, banana peels, orange peels, batch adsorption and zinc polluted water

Abstract: Investigation on the photochemical and antibacterial properties of ethanol extracts of in vivo grown plants as well as in vitro generated plantlets of Trachyspermum ammi was carried out. Nodal explants of TA when placed on MS medium supplemented with 6-Benzyl amino purine (BAP) at 4μg/ml resulted into multiple shoots. The success rate was found to be 95%. These shoots, on transfer developed bunch of branched roots in presence of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 2μg/ml and BAP at 1 μg/ml. In order to study the phytochemical properties of both in vivo and in vitro plants Trachyspermum ammi, ethanolic extracts were prepared by soxhlet extraction method for this study. The results revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, phenols and tannins. Further the ethanol extracts of such regenerated in vitro plants along with that of natural in vivo garden plants on comparison were found to be more effective against gram positive bacteria when compared to gram negative bacteria.

Keywords: Trachyspermum ammi, Ethanol extract, Phytochemicals, Antimicrobial, in-vitro explants

Abstract: The present study was used to elucidate the relationship between the levels of toxicity of chlorine salts exposure through drinking water and its damaging effect on the proximal tubules of the kidney of Swiss albino mice. Mice were given oral doses of chlorine salts calcium hypochlorite and sodium hypochlorite each in water. The doses of 100 ppm, 150 ppm and 200 ppm per kg of body weight per day for four months duration of both calcium hypochlorite as well as sodium hypochlorite were found to causesignificant increase in the diameter of the proximal tubules atP<0.05. Whereas, 200 ppm of sodium hypochlorite caused significant increase(at P< 0.05)in the diameter of the proximal tubules right after one month and three months as well.

Keywords: calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite,kidney, proximal convoluted tubules.

Abstract: Background: Tinosporacordifoliais an important medicinal plant containing different Classes of phytochemicals with medicinal significance. The aim was to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of T. cordifolia in STZ induced diabetic mice in comparision with a currently used oral antidiabetic agent glimepride. Materials and Method:There were 30rats with fasting blood glucose (FBG) in the range 70-110 mg/dl were used for the study five groups each containing six mice, were induced diabetes with STZ (0.5mg/kg). The diabetic control group (0.5ml normal saline), Standard control group (2mg/kg glimepride), test group I (200mg/kg T. cordifolia extract), test group II (200 mg/kg T. cordifolia extract). Fasting glucose levels were recorded on day 0, 1,7, 14 and 21. Stastical analysis was done by using MATLAB software and data were presented as mean ± SEM....

Keywords: Tinosporacordifolia, Glimepride, Streptozotocin, antidiabetic potential.

Abstract: Indiscriminate use of pesticides has increased many folds in the recent times. Pesticides, fertilizers and improved seed varieties have contributed to substantial increases in crop yields. Despite of these benefits, pesticide uses are accompanied by potential risks to the environment and human health. Prolonged pesticide exposure may cause liver malfunction, immune malfunction, neurologic impairments and reproductive effects, Which has also led to hormonal imbalance in females leading to infertility. Medicinal plants have been used by people of all cultures for treatment of different diseases and toxicity since many decades. Thus, the present work is designed to study the effect of Withania somnifera against endosulfan induced toxicity on ovary of female mice.Treatment groups were administered endosulfan at the dose of 3.0mg/Kg body weight was administered by oral gavage method to....

Keywords: Corpus luteum; Endosulfan; Graffian follicles ; Light- Microscopy; Mice ; Oocytes; Withania somnifera.

Abstract: Centella asiatica is one of the chief medicinal herbs used for treating skin problems, wound, nervous disorders etc. and is found throughout tropical and sub tropical regions of India up to an altitude of 600m. Centella asiatica contains asiatic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside as major phytochemical constituents that are responsible for pharmacological value apart from being rich in flavonoids and terpenoids. The present study was carried out on six solvent extracts of Centella asiatica to investigate the presence of medicinally important phytochemicals in their leaves. All the six extracts revealed the presence of various phytochemicals such as tannins, phlobatannins, saponins, terpinoids, diterpinoids, emodins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, carotenoids, reducing sugars, alkaloids, anthocyanin, coumarins, steroids, phytosterols, phenol, fatty acids, proteins and amino acids. The leaves of Centella asiatica contained a significant amount of alkaloid, flavonoids, phenolic, saponins and tannin content. The amount of flavonoids was maximum (45.75mg/gm) followed by phenols (25.85mg/gm), alkaloids (17.75mg/gm), saponins (16.75mg/gm) and tannins (14.45mg/gm)......

Key words: Centella asiatica, Phytochemicals, Acetone, Petroleum ether, Ethanol, Methanol, Benzene, Distilled water

Abstract: A novelgraphene oxide (GO)-based carrier was fabricated for the sustained-release of Captopril (CAPT).A small amount of the CAPT was added to the GO solution, a nanoparticle drug-carrying compositewas formed without any other chemical additives.GO–CAPTcomposite was prepared and thedrugsustained-release was carried at different pH values: in water (pH=7), hydrochloric acid (pH=2), and sodium hydroxide (pH=10). The release kinetics indicate CAPT desorption from GO is by Fickian diffusion. The CAPT yield from the carrier amounted to 56% of the adsorbed material in a strongly acidic medium after 38 h, but only 17% in aneutral liquid.It indicates that the GO-based carrier could bea potential candidate for use in thesustained-release of CAPT in the acidic environment of the stomach.....

Keywords:Graphene oxide; Captopril; carrier; sustained-release

Abstract: Nanocarriers present a great approach in drug delivery. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are a recent approach for the delivery of poorly soluble drugs with low oral bioavailability. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) are mixture of solid lipids along with spatially incompatible liquid lipids. It remains solid at room temperature. It also overcomes the disadvantages of various lipid particulate carriers. The present review gives insights on the definitions and characterization of NLC as colloidal carriers including the production techniques..

Keywords: Nanotechnology, targeted drug delivery, nanocarrier, NLCs.

Abstract: The present study deals with the effect of endosulfan on number of spermatocyte in seminiferous tubules of Testis of Swiss albino mice and bioremediation through Curcuma longa (Turmeric). Endosulfan was administered orally to male Swiss albino mice group @ 3.0 mg/kg b.w. per day for 28 days. After that, they were administered orally Curcuma longa @ 200 mg / kg b.w. per day for 28 days. After that, each group of mice was sacrificed and their testis tissues were fixed for light microscopic study. Light microscopic study showed the number of spermatocyte varies from 90 ± 1.52 to 91 ± 1.47 in normal control mice. On exposure of endosulfan to the mice, the number of spermatocyte decline to half of its number compare to control mice. Curcuma longa treatment on those endosulfan treated group showed significant increase in number of spermatocyte upto 59.4 ± 1.48 to 61.2 ± 1.21. Thus, from entire study it is concluded that endosulfan causes infertility in mice where as Turmeric maintains normal fertility.

Keywords: Swiss albino mice, Endosulfan , Testes, Curcuma longa.

Abstract: The study sought to determine tiller regeneration under different regimes of land management in a derived Savanna vegetation. The pilot study was meant to serve as a guide for effective land management and sustainability of the area. Andropogongayanus, a perennial grass species, and an important fodder for livestock and wildlife in the *Savanna was monitored in the study area to evaluate the effect of fire on it. Three plots of a hectare each were randomly marked out. Within the 3 plots consisting of burnt, slashed and standing or control, 30 tussocks each were marked out and pegged for weekly observations of new flush or tiller regeneration for a period of six months. The weekly numbers of new tillers were recorded against every pegged tussock in the 3 plots. There was significant difference in tiller regeneration between the plots. Tiller regeneration was adduced to be responsible for corresponding herbaceous production. Soil analysis of the three plots showed the burnt plot to be of superior quality....