IOSR-JBM   Volume-23 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2021

Abstract: Insofar as decentralization supposes the consolidation of the principles of the devolution of powers to local autonomous bodies and that of local development, the objective that we have set ourselves in this qualitative field research is to assess the level of application or implementation of these two principles of decentralization mentioned above. For the effective implementation, the said principles must be based on citizen participation, synonymous with local governance. However, the results of our surveys carried out in the urban Commune of Ruwenzori, in Beni town, in the East of the DRC, clearly demonstrate that the pit has remained.....

Key-words : Décentralisation-Gouvernance locale-participation citoyenne-implication-culture fiscale-budget-rétrocessions-autonomie- élections à la base-dévolution-subsidiarité.

[1]. ADJAID, R., Décentralisation au Bénin, en Afrique et ailleurs dans le Monde, Cotonou, s.l, 2002.
[2]. CHIRISHUNGU, C., Organisation politique, administrative et développement : Contribution de la décentralisation politico-administrative, économique, financière et territoriale à l'émergence d'une société politique de développement dans les jeunes Etats. Cas de la République du Zaïre, Kinshasa, Ed. Bushiru, 1993.
[3]. DELCAMP, A., Les Collectivités décentralisées de l'union Européenne, Paris, PUF, 1995.
[4]. LIEGOIS Michel, la Décentralisation en R.D.Congo : enjeux et défis, Bruxelles, Rapports du GRIP, 2008
[5]. LOTOY ILANGO BANGA, JP. et alii. La décentralisation territoriale et le développement des entités locales en RDC, sl, nd.

Abstract: The appearance of the Covid 19 virus has had a huge impact on company activities. The decrease in company activity has the most descending impact, namely on the sales side which affects the effectiveness of the company in generating profits. The purchase decision is the most important component for the company's sales, so the sales strategy must be implemented appropriately through the components of green marketing, price, and customer preference on The Body Shop products. However, some things have not shown success and there are research gaps. The results of this study have a major influence on product purchasing decisions. The Body Shop tried to measure the purchasing decisions of green marketing and the price of each consumer through customer preference as an intervention. Making this decision can increase the purchase decision for The Body Shop products to be higher than other products on the market.

Key-words : Green Marketing, Price, Customer Preference, and Purchasing Decision.

[1]. Aldoko et al. (2016). Pengaruh Green Marketing Terhadap Citra Merek Dan Dampaknya Pada Keputusan Pembelian (Survei pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi 2012/2013 Universitas Brawijaya yang Melakukan Pembelian Produk Tupperware. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB). Vol. 40 No.2
[2]. Ali et al (2017). Changing consumer behavior with respect to green marketing- A case study of consumer durables and retailing. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 1(4)
[3]. Alma, Buchari. (2014). Manajemen Pemasaran dan Pemasaran Jasa. Bandung: CV Alfabeta.
[4]. Camelia, S. B., & Suryoko, S. (2017). Pengaruh Keragaman Menu, Harga, dan Citra Merek Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis. Vol 7 no 1.
[5]. Chan et al (2019). Green Marketing: A Study of Consumers' Buying Behavior in Relation to Green Products in Indonesia. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, Vol. 8, Supplementary Issue 3

Abstract: During the most recent time's lot of attention and focus on the organizational culture that embraces the workplace spirituality and its adoption in the organization values was a topic of discussion. Few arguments on the surge in the interest is from societal trends and demoralizing effects on workers of large-scale organizational changes, such as – downsizing employees, financial scams, money laundry, tax avoidance, sexual harassment cases, unethical behaviours.Organizations that are viewed as rational systems are considering making room for the spiritual dimension, a dimension that has less to do with rules and order and more to do with meaning, purpose, and a sense of community (Ashmos&Duchon, 2000). Increasingly, the better-educated, new generations of workers are insisting that their spirituality be welcomed in the workplace just as their Intelligence is (Smith, 2002). These workers.....

[1]. Arme´nio Rego, M. P. (2008). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: an empirical study. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 53 - 75.
[2]. Arme´nio Rego, M. P. (2008). Workplace spirituality and organizational committment : an empirical study. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 53-75.
[3]. Caroline H.Liu, P. J. (2011). Spirituality in workplace : Theory and Measurement. Journal Of Management Inquiry, 35 - 50.
[4]. Centre, I. K. (2021, March 02). KMO and Bartlett's Test. Retrieved from https://www.ibm.com/: https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSLVMB_23.0.0/spss/tutorials/fac_telco_kmo_01.html
[5]. Charlotte D. Shelton, S. H. (2019). Resilience and spirituality: a mixed methods exploration of executive stress. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 399-416.

Abstract: Background: Public transportation system plays a significant role in Nigeria as majority of the populace depend on it for daily commuting. However, the outbreak of the first wave of Covid-19 portends salient issues for public road transport system. Therefore, the study evaluated the effect of Covid-19 on travel behavior and public transportation in the Lagos, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Lagos, as the city remained the epicenter of the outbreak in Nigeria while 384 respondents were sampled via emails while data gathered were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics........

Key-words : Covid-19, Travel Behavior, Road Transport, Commuter, Fare, Nigeria

[1]. Abdullateef, A. (2018). 12m Lagos residents use public transport daily - Ambode. Published by Daily Trust, March 30, 2018.
[2]. Kraemer, M. U., Yang, C.-H., Gutierrez, B., Wu, C.-H., Klein, B., Pigott, D. M., Du Plessis, L.,
[3]. Faria, N. R., Li, R., Hanage, W. P. and others (2020) "The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China," Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 368(6490), pp. 493–497.
[4]. Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement.
[5]. Nigerian Centre for Disease Control (2020). COVID-19 NIGERIA. Retrieved from: https://covid19.ncdc.gov.ng/

Abstract: This research is motivated by a phenomenon that private schools have to try to improve education marketing management in order to get student input who will later support learning activities in schools. Marketing management in question is a way of introducing educational products, inviting and influencing people to become consumers or users of educational services, in the introduced institutions.
The research question is how the implementation of stakeholder-based education marketing at SMP Islam Sunan Gunung Jati Ngunut Tulungagung. This research used a qualitative approach which had a post-positivist and interpretive paradigm with the aim of understanding the phenomena that occur in the field. This type of research is a case study. Data collection.....

Key-words : Marketing, Education, Stakeholders

[1]. Agus Maimun dan Agus Zaenul Fitri, 2010, Madrasah Unggulan: Lembaga Pendidikan Alternatif di Era Kompetitif (Malang: UIN-MALIKI Press)
[2]. Ara Hidayat dan Imam Machali, 2010, Pengelolaan Pendidikan: Konsep, Prinsip dan Aplikasi dalam Mengelola Sekolah dan Madrasah (Bandung: Pustaka Educa)
[3]. Bogdan and Biklen, 1998, "Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduction to Theory and Methods" (Boston: Aliyn and Bacon. Inc.,)
[4]. Brennan, J., Brodnick, R., & Pinckley, D. (2007). De-mystifying the US news rankings: How to understand what matters, what doesn't and what you can actually do about it. Journal ofMarketing for Higher Education, 17(2)
[5]. Buchari Alma dan Ratih Hurriyati, 2008, Manajemen Corporate dan Strategi pemasaran jasa Pendidikan Fokus pada Mutu dan Layanan Prima Cet, 1. (Bandung: Alfabeta)

Abstract: Background: India is a country with rich diversity and culture. Amidst this diversity lies a plethora of traditions with their own separate and unique cuisines. This paper specifically focuses on the cuisines based in the North-Eastern States of India. The main aim of this research is to study the consumer preferences of these ethnic cuisines of North-east India with respect to Guwahati City. The research was conducted during the time of the global pandemic in the year 2020. Materials and Methods: The study was conceived through Convenience Sampling, taking a total of 100 random customers. The entirety of this study is based on accumulation of both primary and secondary sources of data. Here the respondents answer an array.........

Key-words : Ethnic cuisines, Consumer preferences, Food habits.

[1]. Dae Young Kwon. What is Ethnic Food? Journal of Ethnic Foods, 2015
[2]. S Dindyal, S Dindyal. How Personal Factors, Including Culture And Ethnicity, Affect The Choices And Selection Of Food We Make. The Internet Journal of Third World Medicine, 2003 Volume 1 Number 2
[3]. Vatika Sibal. Food: Identity of Culture and Religion. ResearchGate, 2018
[4]. https://family.jrank.org/pages/639/Food-Food-Culture.html
[5]. Hiram Ting, Sharon Rebecca Tan, Alexandra Nastassia John. Consumption Intention toward Ethnic Food: Determinants of Dayak Food Choice by Malaysians. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 2017

Abstract: Background: The growth of organized retail chains in the Indian market is significant and it cannot be ignored by any marketers. Over the years many organized chains have developed their own models for the procurement of fruits and vegetables directly from the farmers. The percentage of farmers engage in direct selling to the organized chains through these procurement models is very negligible, despite its merit. Materials and Methods: This paper attempts to find out the major constraints of farmers to sell their produce to organized retailers. A survey has been conducted among the farmers of fruits and vegetables from districts surrounded by Bengaluru city and those who are supplying their produce to organized chains. Results: Pressure from the middlemen, lower price.....

Key-words :Farmers; Organized Retail; Constraints; Marketing; Procurement

[1]. Emana, Bezabih, and Hadera Gebremedhin. "Constraints and opportunities of horticulture production and marketing in eastern Ethiopia." Dryland coordination group (DCG) report 46 (2007).
[2]. Halder, Piali, and Simayan Pati. "A need for paradigm shift to improve supply chain management of fruits & vegetables in India." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 1.393-2016-23908 (2011): 1-20.
[3]. Mahendra Dev, S. "Small farmers in India: Challenges and opportunities." (2014).
[4]. Matsane, S. H., and A. S. Oyekale. "Factors affecting marketing of vegetables among small-scale farmers in Mahikeng Local Municipality, North West Province, South Africa." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 5.20 (2014): 390.
[5]. Negi, Saurav, and Neeraj Anand. "Issues and challenges in the supply chain of fruits & vegetables sector in India: a review." International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains 6.2 (2015): 47-62

Abstract: The study purpose is to determine the employee turnover in the organization. The aim of this study is to analyze measures put by organizations to reduce employee turnover. In this study the descriptive design is used as a research design. For the data collection primary method of collecting the data is used in which the respondents will fill the questionnaire. In this research the sample size of this project is 102 employees.The research concluded that the majority of respondents stated that heavy workload and lack of appreciation of work as major reasons which lead to turnover and also agree with the organization to focus the turnover and take it into consideration. From the study the organization has to offer flexible working hours, reduce the workload and also appreciate the performance of the employees which make them feel comfortable and motivated..

Key-words : Employee, turnover Intention, Job satisfaction, Labour.

[1]. Alamdar Hussain Khan. "Impact of job satisfaction on employee turnover: An empirical study of Autonomous Medical Institutions of Pakistan." Journal of International Studies, vol. Vol. 7, No 1, no. 2014, 2014, p. 11. https://www.jois.eu/files/11.pdf, https://www.jois.eu/files/11.pdf.
[2]. Chowdhury Abdullah Al Mamun & Md. Nazmul Hasan. "Factors affecting employee turnover and sound retention strategies in business organization: A conceptual view." Problems and Perspectives in Management, vol. 15 volume issue 1, no. 1, 2017, p. 11. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316784217, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316784217.