iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2015

Abstract: Background: Peripheral venous cannulation is indispensable in the practice of modern medicine. This study aims to investigate the incidence of thrombophlebitis in post-operative patients having peripheral venous cannula and to evaluate some important related risk factors. Methods: This observational study was conducted on 82 patients aged above 18 years admitted post operatively to the surgical ward of a tertiary care hospital during the period of July and August 2014. These patients were visited daily for three days after the surgery and examined for signs of thrombophlebitis: warmth, erythema, tenderness, swelling, palpable venous cord. The risk factors studied in this research were patient age, gender, comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, smoking, duration of cannulation, cannula size and IV medications used. Thrombophlebitis was graded using Visual Infusion Phlebitis Score suggested by Infusion Nurses Society.

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[2]. Oliveira A.S and Parreira P.M. 2010 Nursing interventions and peripheral venous catheter related phlebitis. Systemic literature review. Referencia: Scientific Journal of the Health Science Research Unit: Nursing, 3(2):137-147.
[3]. Jackson A. Infection control: a battle in infusion phlebitis. Nursing Times.1998; 94:4:68-71.
[4]. Royal College of Nursing (2010). Standards for infusion therapy.London:RCN.tinyurl.com/RCN-Infusion.
[5]. Lanbeck P, Odenholt I and Paulson O.Antibiotics differ in their tendency to cause infusion phlebitis: a prospective observational study. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases.2002;34(7);512-519.

Keywords: The second-stage surgery of submerged implants can be performed with soft tissue lasers with minimal bleeding, trauma, and pain. This study was designed to assess dental implant uncovering with a 970 nm diode laser without anesthesia, and to compare its performance with traditional cold scalpel surgery. Fifty patients with a completely osseointegrated implants participated in this study. Patients were divided into two groups. For the study group, second-stage implant surgery was done with a 970 nm diode laser in a 3W power . For the control group, the implants were exposed with a surgical blade. Certain parameters were used for evaluation of the two techniques.

[1]. E. Martin. Lasers in dental implantology, DentClin N Am, 48, 2004, 999-1015.
[2]. M. Kreisler, H. Gotz and H. Duschner. Effect of Nd:YAG, Ho: YAG, Er:YAG, CO2, and GaAIAs laser irradiation on surface properties of endosseous dental implants, Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 17, 2002, 202-211.
[3]. J. Marotti , P. Neto , T. Campos ,A. Aranha , D. Weingart , S. Wolfart Sand K. Haselhuhn . Recent Patents of Lasers in Implant Dentistry, Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering , 4,2011, 103-109.
[4]. S. Stubinger ,C. Etter ,M. Miskiewicz , F. Homann , B. Saldamli ,M. Wieland and R. Sader . Surface alterations of polished and sandblasted and acid-etched titanium implants after Er:YAG, carbon dioxide, and diode laser irradiation, Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants,25(1),2010,104-111.
[5]. S. Stubinger , F. Homann , C. Etter , M. Miskiewicz ,M. Wieland and R. Sader . Effect of Er:YAG, CO(2) and diode laser irradiation on surface properties of zirconia endosseous dental implants, Lasers Surg Med,40(3),2008,223-228.

Abstract: Recent research data have suggested a potential benefit of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of periodontitis. However, there is very limited data from controlled clinical trials evaluating the effect of PDT in the treatment of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of the adjunctive use of PDT to scaling and root planing in chronic periodontitis patients. Thirty-four sites with chronic periodontitis were randomly treated with scaling and root planing followed by a single episode of PDT (test) or scaling and root planing alone (control).Bleeding score using Sulcular bleeding index 1971, probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at baseline and 21 days after therapy.At 21 days post-operative, significant differences between the groups with regards to Clinical attachment level, Pocket probing depth, Full mouth bleeding scores were observed.

[1]. Page RC, Offenbacher S, Schroeder HE, Seymour GJ, Kornman KS. Advances in the pathogenesis of periodontitis: Summary of developments, clinical implications and future directions.Periodontol 2000 1997;14:216-248.
[2]. Adriaens PA, Adriaens LM. Effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on hard and soft tissues.Periodontol 2000 2004;36:121-145.
[3]. Umeda M, Takeuchi Y, Noguchi K, Huang Y, Koshy G, Ishikawa I. Effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on the microbiota. Periodontol 2000 2004;36:98-120.
[4]. Von Tappeiner H, Jodlbauer A. On the effect of photodynamic (fluorescent) substances on protozoa and enzymes (in German).Deutsch Arch Klin Medizin 1904;39:427-87.
[5]. Sharman WM, Allen CM, van Lier JE. Photodynamic therapeutics: Basic principles and clinical applications.Drug Discov Today 1999;4:507-517.

Abstract: Bone resorption can be assessed by measuring plasma tartarate resistant acid phosphatase and urinary excretion of collagen degradation products: Hydroxyproline,Hydroxylysine glycosides,pyridinium crosslinks and associated peptides. We compared the excretion of Hydroxyproline in women of premenopausal age group to those of post menopausal age group and found a significant difference in the two age groups. Urinary Hydroxyproline was found to be significantly raised in postmenopausal women. This study was undertaken to diagnose at the earliest osteoporotic changes in the postmenopausal women by the easily available, reliable and cost effective colorimetric methods.

[1]. Endres DB, Rude RK. Mineral and bone metabolism. In: Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, editors.Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1998. 1395-14
[2]. Calvo MS, Eyre DR, Gundberg CM. Molecular basis and clinical application of biological markers of bone turnover. Endocrin Rev 1996; 17: 333-68
[3]. Garnero P, Delmas PD. New developments in biochemical markers for osteoporosis. Calcification Tissue Int 1996; 59(Suppl 1): S2-S9.
[4]. Krane SM, Holick MF. In Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Wilson JD, Martin JB, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, editors. Metabolic bone disease. Harrison'sPrinciples of Internal Medicine. 13th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 1994. 2172-83

Abstract: Introduction: Vitamin D Deficiency (VDD) is a major health problem in both the developed and developing countries across the globe. In India, despite of ample sunlight (required for the synthesis of vitamin D endogenously), VDD prevalence has been documented to be in range of 50-90% among all the age groups. Scientific evidence reveals that, in addition to skeletal disorders, Vitamin D is also associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases, obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus etc.

[1]. Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007; 357:266-81.

[2]. Gordon CM, DePeter KC, Feldman HA, Grace E, Emans SJ. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004; 158:531-7.

[3]. Lips P. Worldwide status of vitamin D nutrition. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2010; 121:297-300.

[4]. Robinson PD, Hogler W, Craig ME, et al. The re-emerging burden of rickets: a decade of experience from Sydney. Arch Dis Child. 2006; 91:564-568.

[5]. Kreiter SR, Schwartz RP, Kirkman HN, Jr., Charlton PA, Calikoglu AS, Davenport ML. Nutritional rickets in African American breast-fed infants. J Pediatr. 2000; 137:153-157.

Abstract: Background: We undertook a study on management of diaphyseal fractures of both bones forearm by internal fixation with dynamic compression plate. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study in which 56 cases of diaphyseal fractures both bones forearm in adults were treated in Government General Hospital, Vijayawada .The average age ranged between 21-30 years .The patients were assessed for fracture union , function and complications. Results: The range of movements and grip strength is good. Excellent result was obtained in 42cases (75%),good in 7 cases (12.5%), fair result in 7 cases(12.5%) . Infection occurred in one case and delayed union occurred in one case.

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Abstract: The scientific works to explore normal structure of the human kidney and its different variations are neither new nor recent. The very large number of studies already carried out speaks volumes on the great magnitude of importance of the organ that is the kidney. The kidney as is well known, is a very vital organ on account of different functions that are carried out by it namely removing the excess water products, maintaining the pH of blood, formation of the urine, regulation of blood pressure. The vascular system of the kidney is complex & highly specialised and is remarkably adapted to the function which it has to perform. The origin and course of human renal blood vessels and their variations are of great interest to surgeons and physicians. Although the various individual scientific works on renal vasculatures are concluded, yet the information obtained thereby can never be declared as complete. The studies related to such vital organ are more warranted and useful owing to their clinical importance. The study was conducted to add meaningful information to the existing data pertaining to the blood supply of kidney.

[1]. Standring S, ed. Gray's Anatomy. The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. 40th Ed., Edinburg, Churchill & Livingstone. 2008;
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London, New York, Oxford, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Sydney, Toronto, Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. 2005; 1276–1277.
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1038)

Abstract: Pharmacologic hyperprolactinemia and it's effects on women's menstrual function is a problem of underestimated prevalence. This is due to lack of awareness,lack of externally visible symptoms & patients reluctance to inform doctor.A large group of medications can raise prolactin level especially FGA'S,among SGA'S risperidone,amisulpride and some of antidepressants,like amitriptyline, sertraline, fluoxitineetc Antipsychotic – induced hyperprolactinemiaisthought to account for high rates of menstrual dysfunction.

[1]. S.I Bargita1, K.S.BonotisI, I.E.Messinis2and N.V.Angeloponlos1.Dept.ofpsychiatry,Dept.of obstetrics and gyaecology ,faculty of medicine,School of health sciences,universityof Thessaly,41110 Larissa,Greece.―The effect of antipsychotics on prolactin levels and women'sMenstruation.‖Schizophrenia Research and treatment, volume 20B(2013)article ID50 2697,10pages.
[2]. A Wieck, P.M.Haddad,DOI:1192/bop. 182.3.199 publised 1March 2003.Antipsychoti-induced hyperprolactinemia in women: pathophysiology,severity and consequences: selective literature review.
[3]. Canuso CM, Goldstein JM,Wojci J et al. Common Wealth Research centre. Antipsychotic medication,prolactin elevation and ovarian function in women with schizophrenia and schizophrenia affective disorder. Psychiatry Res.2002 Aug 5,111(5):11-20.
[4]. Kinon BJ1,Gilmore JA,2 et al.Prevelance of hyperprolactinemia in schizophrenic patients treated with conventionalAntipsychotic medication or risperidone .Psychoneuroendocrinology.2003 Apr;28 Suppl 2 : 55-68.
[5]. Kim KS1, Pae CV, Chae JH, et al.Department of Psychiatry, St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seout. Effect of olanzapine on prolactin levels of female patients with Schizophrenia treated with risperidone.J Clin psychiatry. 2002 MAY;63(5):408-13.

Abstract:Electroactive polycarbazol-9-yl-methanol (PCz-CH2OH), film was formed on Pt electrode surface by oxidative electroplymerization of a new carbazole derivative. Electrochemical polymerization was carried out in a reaction medium containing monomer and 0.1M tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate ) TBABF4( mixture in
acetonitrile (ACN) using repetitive cycling at a scan rate of 100 mV. Electrochemical polymerization of carbazole (Cz) and carbazol-9-yl-methanol(25mM) were studied with cyclic voltammetry on both platinium (Pt) and indioum tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. The polymers were characterized using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, UV VIS, H1 NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy.

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Abstract: Aim: To evaluate visual outcome and complications of penetrating keratoplasty. Materials and Methods: 30 cases underwent penetrating keratoplasty for optical and therapeutic purpose. Clinical examination and investigations were conducted. Indications, demographic profile, visual outcome and complications were assessed.Follow up period was 6 months.

[1]. Population census of India 2011 (http://censusindia.gov.in)
[2]. MOH& FW (NPCB), Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness-India. Report 2006 -2007
[3]. Manthosh R, Namrata S, Rasik B V. Indications and outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty, 1 st edition pg 6-15 jaypee brothers 2002
[4]. Joshi SA, Jagdale SS, More PD, Deshpande M. Outcome of optical penetrating keratoplasties at a tertiary care eye institute in Western India. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2012 Feb;60(1):15–21
[5]. Dandona L, Ragu K, Janarthanan M, Naduvilath TJ, Shenoy R, Rao GN. Indications for penetrating keratoplasty in India. Indian J Ophthalmol. 1997 Sep;45(3):163–8.

Abstract: Anatomical variations of lungs including number, fissure and lobes are important for clinicians. The human lungs are divided by fissures into lobes. The right lung commonly has two fissures, namely oblique and transverse fissure dividing it into superior middle and inferior lobes. The left is commonly divided by oblique fissure into upper and lower lobes. We are presenting a case of absent oblique fissure in left lung of 50-year old female cadaver which was identified during routine dissection of thorax for MBBS students. The segmentation of pulmonary lobes is challenging because of anatomical variations and incomplete fissures. With the development of radiological and endoscopic techniques and the advancement of pulmonary surgery, the knowledge of morphological variations of lung fissures is of utmost importance to clinicians to correctly locate the bronchopulmonary segment during pulmonary lobectomy, and for radiologists to correctly interpret X-rays and CT scans.

Keywords: Lobes; Lung; Oblique fissure;

[1]. Rosse, C. and P. Gaddum-Rosse, 1997. Hollinsheds Textbook of Anatomy. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp: 441-61. ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven, 1997.
[2]. Meenakshi, S., K.Y. Manjunath and V. Balasubramanyam, 2004. Morphological variations of the lung fissures and lobes. Indian J. Chest Dis. Allied Sci., 46: 179-182.
[3]. Medlar, E. M. Variations in interlobar fissures. Am. J. Roentgenol. Radium. Ther., 57(6):723-5, 1947
[4]. Otsuji, H.; Uchida, H.; Maeda, M.; Iwasaki, S.; Yoshiya, K.; Hatakeyama, M.; et al. Incomplete interlobar fissures: bronchovascular analysis with CT. Radiology, 187(2):541-6, 1993.
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Abstract: Malignant neoplasms of the salivary glands are relatively rare, accounting for approximately 6% of all head and neck malignancies. True primary SCC of the parotid gland is even rarer (0.3-1.5 %) but SCC involving the salivary gland is much more common. This paper reports a case of parotid gland squamous cell carcinoma in an old lady and describes its management. An old lady presented with swelling in the rt.Parotid region with no other significant complaints. In depth knowledge of the anatomical course of the facial nerve though the parenchyma of the gland is mandatory in dealing with Parotid surgeries.

Key Words: Parotid gland, Facial Nerve, Squamous cell carcinoma.

[1]. Hocwald E, KorkmazH, Yoo GH and others: prognostic Factorsim major salivary gland cancer, III : 1434, 2001.
[2]. Sipro RH, salivary neoplasm got overview of 35 years experiences with 2807 patients, head and neck surg. 8: 177, 1986.
[3]. Gaughan RK, Olgen KD, Lewis JE; primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid glands, arch otolaryngeal head and neck surg. 118 : 798, 1992.
[4]. Lee SW, Kim GE, Park CS and others ; primary squamous cell carcinoma of parotid gland, AMJotolaryngo. 22 : 400, 2001.

Abstract: The mandible serves as an important structure in relation to mastication as all the muscles of mastication are attached to it. The Coronoid process is the anterior bony projected part of ramus of mandible giving attachment to two important muscles of mastication. The aim of our study was to observe the variation in the size of coronoid process in relation to its side (laterality), shape, age and sex. The material for this study comprised of 160 (320 sides) dry human mandibles from the osteology bank of Anatomy Department, S.C.B Medical College, Cuttack. The age and sex differentiating criteria were detailed in materials and methods

[1] S.Pradhan, D. P.Bara, S.Patra, S.Nayak, C.Mohapatra; Anatomical Study of Various Shapes of Mandibular Coronoid Process in Relation to Gender &Age; IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences; Volume 13, Issue 8 Ver. II (Aug. 2014), PP 09-14

[2] Susan Standring. Gray's Anatomy, The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, 40th edition Churchil Livingstone; 2008

[3] Sunita Nayak1, Swagatika Pradhan2, Dibya Prabha Bara3, Smita Patra4; Bilateral elongated coronoid process: a case report; IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences; Volume 14, Issue 5 Ver. VI (May. 2015), PP 61-63

Abstract: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is prevalent worldwide with high prevalence in Mexico, Brazil and in Pakistan with low prevalence in Canada. The etiology of IBS is unknown with brain-gut axis and small intestine bacterial overgrowth, post-infection, genetic defects relating to immune system, high stress and anxiety levels, enteric infection causes increased gut permeability, protozoal infection are the causes, strongly associated with IBS.Genetic environmental and psychological factorsseems to be important in the development of IBS.Frequently used diagnostic algorithm include Manning criteria, the obsolete Rome 1 and 11 criteria, Kuriscriteria, Rome 111 process was published in 2006.Management include FODMAPs(fermentaleoligo-di-and monosaccharides and polyols) diet,

[1]. Your CONSTIPATION may be IBS(http://timeshealth.org/your-constipation-may be-ibs/)
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[4]. Pare P,GrayJ,LamS,etal.Health-related quality of life,workproductivity,and health care resource utilization of subjects with irritable bowel syndrome: baseline results from LOGIC (Longitudinal Outcomes Study of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Canada)a naturalistic study. Clin Therapeutics.2006;28{10):1726-35.
[5]. Quigley FM,LockeGR,MuellerLS,etal.Prevalence and management of abdominal cramping and pain: a multinational survey.AlimentPharmacol Ther.2006;24(2):411-9.
[6]. Schumulson M,0ritz 0,Santiago LM,etel.Frequency of functional bowel disease among healthy volunteers in MexicoCity.Dig Dis.2006;24(3-4):342-7.

Abstract: Bicuspidization is a surgical procedure performed on the mandibular molars for the separation of the mesial and distal roots with their respective crown portions; this separation eliminates the existence of a furcation and facilitates effective oral hygiene practice. This case report aims at highlighting the conservative management of a grade III furcation-involved molar by bicuspidisation procedure and use of the treated tooth as an abutment for fixed prosthesis.

Keywords: Furcation defects, Oral surgical procedures, Preprosthetic, mandibular molar, bicuspidisation

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[3]. Trope M, Blanco L, Chivian N, Sigurdsson A. Pathways of pulp. In: Role of Endodontics after Dental Traumatic Injuries. Cohen S, Hargreaves KM, eds. Missouri: Mosby, 2006: pp610–649.
[4]. Grossmann Y, Araúz-Dutari J, Chogle SM, Blatz MB, Sadan A. A conservative approach for the management of a crownroot fracture. Quintessence Int 2006; 37: 753–759.
[5]. Arhun N, Arman A, Ungor M, Erkut S. A conservative multidisciplinary approach for improved aesthetic results with traumatized anterior teeth. Br Dent J 2006; 201: 501–512.