iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2015

Abstract: Background: The aim is to study the significance of serum calcium, serum phosphorus and serum alkaline phosphatase in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Method: A total of hundred (100) cases of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were included in the study. Fifty (50) healthy controls were also included in the study for comparison.

[1]. Howkins and Bourne. Shaw's Textbook of Gynaecology.13th ed, Elsevier, chapter 5, p 57- 61.
[2]. S.H.Ralston, I.B.Mclnnes. Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine, 22nd ed, Churchill Livingstone , Elsevier Ltd, chapter 25, p1120.
[3]. Ashuma Sachdeva, Sashi Seth, Anju Khosla, Sumit Sachdeva. Study of some common biochemical bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 2005;20 (1) :131-134
[4]. BE Christopher Nordin, Allan G Need, Howard A Morris, Peter D O'Loughlin, and Michael Horowitz . Effect of age on calcium absorption in post menopausal women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Oct 2004; 80: 998-1002.
[5]. Pratima D. Khatake, Sushma S. Jadhav, Sayeeda Afroz. Relation between Serum Calcium, Bone Mineral Density and Blood Pressure in Post menopausal women. International Journal of Recent trends in Science and Technology 2013; 7(3):86-88.
[6]. Indumati.V, Vidya.S.Patil and Rama Jailkhani. Hospital based preliminary study on osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 2007;22(2):96-100.

Keywords: Plasma cell dyscrasias are neoplastic proliferation of B-cells, and classified as multiple myeloma (MM, generalized medullary type) and plasmacytoma (localized extramedullary type). When the plasmacytoma occurs only in bone, it is known as solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) and when involving the soft tissue, it is named as extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP); however, both the lesions are characterized by absence of systemic involvement attributing to myeloma.

[1]. Rao KS, Priya NS, Umadevi HS, Smitha T, Reshma V, Shebha G. Solitary bone plasmacytoma of the maxilla - A rare case report. Int J Clin Dent Sci 2011;2:37-40. Back to cited text no. 1 .
[2]. Kanthan R, Torkian B. Solitary Plasmacytoma of the parotid gland with crystalline inclusions: A case report. World J Surg Oncol 2003;1:12. Back to cited text no. 2
[3]. Kilciksiz S, Karakoyun-Celik O, Agaoglu FY, Haydaroglu A. A review for solitary plasmacytoma of bone and extramedullary plasmacytoma. ScientificWorldJournal 2012;2012:895765. Back to cited text no. 3
[4]. International Myeloma Working Group. Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: A report of the International Myeloma Working Group. Br J Haematol 2003;121:749-57. Back to cited text no. 4
[5]. Siddaraju N, Basu D, Soundararaghavan J. Use of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of extraosseous plasmacytoma presenting with monoclonal gammopathy: A case report. Case Rep Clin Pract Rev 2007;8:90-3. Back to cited text no. 9

Abstract: Introduction:The morphology of the supra orbital notch (SON)/supra orbital foramen (SOF) is important since they acts as the opening through which the neurovascular bundle emerges out of the orbit and supplies the area around the eye, skin over the forehead for the surgeons to be aware during various procedures at this region. Methods: 54 skull bones were selected from the Department of Anatomy, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital and observed for this study. Sexual dimorphism was done and the incidences of SON/SOF/ASOF along with its position were noted.

[[1]. Webster R.C., Gaunt J. M., Hamden U.S., Fuleihan N. S., Giandello PR., Smith. Supraorbital & supratrochlear notches &foramina, Anatomical variations& surgical relevance Laryngoscope, March 1986; volume 96, Issue 3, page 311-315.
[2]. Chung M.S. (1995): Locational relationship of the supraorbital notch/foramen and infra orbital and mental foramina in Koreans. Actaanatomica. 154(2): 162-66.
[3]. Trivedi DJ, Shrimankar PS, Kariya VK. Pensi CA. A Study of Supraorbital Notches and Foramina In Gujarati Human Skulls. National J of Integrated Research in Medicine. 2010; 1(3): p 21-30.
[4]. Erdogmus S, Govsa F. 2007. Anatomy of the supraorbital region and theevaluation of it for the reconstruction of facial defects. J CraniofacSurg 18:104–112.
[5]. Ashwini LS, Mohandas Rao KG, Sharmila Saran, Somayaji SN. Morphological and Morphometric Analysis of Supraorbital Foramen and Supraorbital Notch: A Study on Dry Human Skulls. Oman Medical Journal (2012) Vol. 27, No. 2: 129-133

Abstract: Background: OSPE is a new assessment tool to assess the students in pre and para clinical subjects and very few colleges have incorporated OSPE in their curriculum. Aim and Objective: This study was conducted to study the students perspective towards OSPE as a tool of assess ment in the Pharmacology practical examination.

[1]. Manjula A, Shashikala P , Nagaraj P Student's Perception on Objective Structured Practical Examination in Pathology J Med Eduction & Res 2013;1(1):12-14.
[2]. 2.Harden RM, Stevenson M, Wilson DW, Wilson GM.Assessment of clinical competencies using objective structured clinical examination. Br J Med Educ 1975; 1:447-51.
[3]. Dr. Pallavi A. Kulkarni Introduction of OSPE (Objective Structured Practical Examination) Along with Traditional Practical Examination (TPE) For first MBBS Students Volume : 3 | Issue : 8 | Aug 2013 | ISSN - 2249-555X.
[4]. 4 Ananthakrishnan N. Objective structured clinical/practical examination (OSCE/OSPE) PGM 1993: 3 (2): 82-4.
[5]. John Dent, Ronald Harden, A Practical Guide for Medical Teachers July 2013 ISBN: 978-0-7020-4551-6.

Abstract: Eclampsia is an extremely severe form of preeclampsia characterized by the sudden onset of generalized tonic clonic seizures. It may occur quite abruptly, without any warning manifestations. This is a case report where Mrs.X was normotensive throughout her pregnancy who underwent emergency cesarean section for cephalo pelvic disproportion and threw generalized tonic clonic seizures on the first post-operative day with a normal BP recording. Later she started developing hypertension with proteinuria with normal liver enzymes and platelet counts. This signifies that eclampsia may not always be preceded by preeclampsia and can also develop in a normotensive woman without derangement of the biochemical parameters.

Keywords: Eclampsia, hypertension, preeclampsia, proteinuria, seizures.

[1]. Gupte Sanjay, Wagh Girija. Preeclampsia-Eclampsia. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India 2014; 64(1):4-13.
[2]. Veltkamp R, Kupsch A, Polasek J, et al. Late onset postpartum eclampsia without pre-eclamptic prodromi: clinical and Neuroradiological presentation in two patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000;69:824-7
[3]. Jens Minnerup, Ilka Kleffner, Heike Wersching, et al., ―Late Onset Postpartum Eclampsia: It is Really Never Too Late—A Case of Eclampsia 8 Weeks after Delivery,‖ Stroke Research and Treatment, vol. 2010, Article ID 798616, 4 pages, 2010. doi:10.4061/2010/798616
[4]. Michael W Felz, MD, Daniel B. Barnes, MD, MSE, and Ramon E. Figueroa, MD. Late Postpartum Eclampsia 16 Days After Delivery: Case Report With Clinical, Radiologic, and Pathophysiologic Correlations. J Am Board Fam Pract 2000; 13:39-46.
[5]. Roberts JM, Redman CW. Pre-eclampsia: more than pregnancy-induced hypertension. Lancet 1993; 341:1447-51.

Abstract: Aim- To know the outcome of treatment of intercondylar fracture (C1 and C2) of distal humerus in adults with double plates in Regional Institute of Medical Science, Imphal, Manipur India. Introduction: Fractures of distal humerus in adults represent approximately 2 % of all fractures and a third of all humeral fractures. These injuries often present with articular comminution and require anatomical restoration of the joint surface with stable and rigid internal fixation that allows early motion. Material and Methods: In Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, twenty consecutive patients with intercondylar fracture ( C1 and C2) of distal humerus were treated using standard dorsal approach

[1]. Athwal GS. Distal Humerus Fractures In: Bucholz RW,Heckman DJ, Court-Brown CM, Tornetta P, Wirth AM, editors. Rockwood and Wilkins's fractures in adults. 7th Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010:945-994.
[2]. Perez EA. Fractures of the shoulder arm and forearm In: Canale ST, Beaty HJ editors. Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics. 12th Edition. Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier ; 2013:2862-2869.
[3]. Morrey BF, An K, Chao EYS. The elbow and its disorders. Functional evaluation of the elbow, 1993, Philadelphia, PA:USA: W.B.Saunders. 86-97.

Abstract: Introduction: Parenterally transmitted viruses are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the health care system of the modern world and the most sinister, though not the most common is the Hepatitis C virus (HCV). It is a major cause of liver disease worldwide and an emerging infection in India. HCV is known to have marked genetic heterogenicity. HCV genotypes exhibit different profiles of pathogenicity, infectivity and response to antiviral therapy.

[1]. Simmonds P, Mutimer D. Hepatitis C virus. In: Topley& Wilsons Microbiology & Microbial Infections. Virology 10th edn, Ed Brain Mahy WJ & Volker TerMeulen Hodder. Arnold ASM Press 2005; 2:1189-1225
[2]. Mukhopadhyaya A. Hepatitis C in India. Journal of biosciences. 2008; 33: 465–73.
[3]. Lemon MS, Walker C, Alter JM, MinKyung Yi. Hepatitis C virus In: Fields Virology 5th edn, ED Knipe MD, Howley MP, Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2007; 1: 1253-1304
[4]. Poovorawan Y, Chatchatee P, Chongsrisawat V. Epidemiology and prophylaxis of viral hepatitis: a global perspective. J GastroenterolHepatol. 2002;17:155–66.
[5]. Gowri V, Chandraleka C, Vanaja R. The current seroprevalence of Hepatitis C virus in a Tertiary Care Centre in Vellore, Tamil Nadu. Indian J. Community Med. 2012; 37(2):96-110.
[6]. Pal KS, Choudhuri G. Hepatitis C :The Indian Scenario. Physicians Digest. 2005; 46-53

Abstract: Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome (MBS) is increasing now-a-days and it is also called as insulin resistant syndrome. It is a retrospective study conducted in Department of OBG, KGH, Visakhapatnam over a period of two years. 111 PCOS cases were reviewed and 90 cases were met with inclusion criteria. So, we compared them with 90 non-PCOS patients. The study was taken up to study the incidence of MBS in PCOS patients and we observed the difference between PCOS and non-PCOS groups. We collected the data of PCOS and non-PCOS groups and compared parameters like Waist circumference (WC), HDL, systolic blood pressure (SBP), triglycerides (TG), BMI, Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and Fasting blood sugar (FBS). We observed that the PCOS group have high WC, SBP & TG levels and low HDL levels than the non-PCOS group but not significant. The parameters like BMI, DBP and FBS are high in women with PCOS significantly than the non-PCOS. So, we concluded the metabolic syndrome and its components are common in women with PCOS (34.4%).

Keywords: BMI; DBP; FBS; HDL; MBS; non-PCOS; PCOS; SBP; TG.

[1]. Grundy SM, Cleeman JL, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, Et Al. Diagnosis And Management Of The Metabolic Syndrome: An American Heart Association / National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation. 2005; 112: 2735–52.
[2]. Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The Metabolic Syndrome. Lancet. 2005; 365:1415–28.
[3]. Barber TM, Mccarthy MI, Wass JA, Franks S. Obesity And Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Clin Endocrinol.2006; 65:137–45.
[4]. Textbook Of Clinical Gynaecology And Endocrinology And Infertility, Marca And Leon Speroff, 8th Edition, 2011, Page No: 707
[5]. DOELLE GC. The Clinical Picture Of Metabolic Syndrome, Post Graduate Medicine, 2004, Page No: 35-38

Abstract: Oral cancer is one of the most common malignancies in India. This study investigates the clinico-pathological features of oral cancers. Methods The study was conducted in the Dept. Of Oto-rhino-laryngology, Govt. Medical College, Calicut during the period January 2007 to December 2007. Those patients with newly diagnosed malignancies of oral cavity were included in the study. On the first visit, informed consent was taken. Proforma was filled. It included – patients details, I.P./ O.P. no., presenting complaints, history of present illness, history of previous illnesses.

[1]. J. K. Elango, P. Gangadharan, S. Sumithra, and M. A.Kuriakose, ―Trends of head and neck cancers in urban and rural India,‖ Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, vol. 7,no. 1, pp. 108–112, 2006.
[2]. R. Sankaranarayanan, K. Ramadas, G. Thomas et al., ―Effect of screening on oral cancer mortality in Kerala, India: a cluster randomized controlled trial,‖ The Lancet, vol. 365, no. 9475,pp. 1927–1933, 2005.
[3]. N. Manoharan, B. B. Tyagi, and V. Raina, ―Cancer incidences in rural Delhi—2004–05,‖ Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 73–78, 2010.
[4]. P. Shah and Z. Gil, ―Current Concepts in Management of Oral Cancer-Surgery,‖ Oral Oncology, Vol. 45, No. 4, 2009, pp. 394-401.

Abstract: This is the first case report of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS), who underwent treatment with stellate ganglion near-infrared irradiation (SGR) and an assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) based on the Japanese version of the MOS 36-item short-form health survey version 2 (SF-36v2). BMS is characterized by oral burning and painful sensations with a normal clinical appearance; its real cause is still unknown. Recently, the relationships between BMS and the function of the autonomic nervous system have been pointed out; SGR has been reported to be beneficial in BMS patients. The Japanese SF-36v2 was designed to assess HRQoL for medical outcome study.

[1]. P. J. Lamey, A. B. Lamb, Prospective study of aetiological factors in burning mouth syndrome, Br Med J 296, 1243-1246, 1988.
[2]. A. Cekić-Arambasin, I. Vidas, M. Stipetić-Mravak, Clinical oral test for the assessment of oral symptoms of glossodynia and
glossopyrosis, J Oral Rehabil 17, 495-502, 1990.
[3]. W. Huang, M. J. Rothe, J. M. Grant-Kels, The burning mouth syndrome, J Am Acad Dermatol 34, 91-98, 1996.
[4]. A. Scala, L. Checchi, M. Montevecchi, I. Marini, M. A. Giamberardino, Update on burning mouth syndrome: overview and patient management, Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 14, 275-291, 2003.
[5]. F. Femiano, A. Lanza, C. Buonaiuto, F. Gombos, M. Nunziata, L. Cuccurullo et al, Burning mouth syndrome and burning mouth
in hypothyroidism: proposal for a diagnostic and therapeutic protocol, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 105, e22-e27, 2008.

Abstract: Tobacco products are known carcinogens. Chemicals presents in the tobacco products are poisonous and addictive. Interleukins synthesized by helper CD4, T lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells are markers of malignancies. Interleukins can be utilized for markers of immune system activation in prognosis of cancer. The present study was designed to study and correlate oxidative stress markers IL6, 8 and MDA in the different tobacco consumption pattern with benign and malignant conditions in male and female population.

Keywords: Interleukins, Tobacco, carcinogens.

[1]. Mehta FS, Hamner JE. Tobacco-related oral mucosal lesions and conditions in India - A guide for dental students, dentists and physicians. Bombay: Basic dental research institute, Tata Institute of fundamental research; 1993.
[2]. Yanbaeva DG, Dentener MA, Creutzberg EC, Wesseling G, Wouters EF. Systemic effects of smoking. Chest 2007; 131 : 1557- 66.
[3]. SahebJamee M, Eslami M, AtarbashiMoghadam F, Sarafnejad A. Salivary concentration of TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL6, and IL8 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2008; 13: E292-5.
[4]. Rhodus NL, Ho V, Miller CS, Myers S, Ondrey F. NF-kappaB dependent cytokine levels in saliva of patients with oral preneoplastic lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Detect Prev 2005; 29:42-5.
[5]. Katakura A, Kamiyama I, Takano N, Shibahara T, Muramatsu T, Ishihara K, et al. Comparison of salivary cytokine levels in oral cancer patients and healthy subjects. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 2007; 48:199-203.

Abstract: Aim:Auto transfusion is a safe, economical and practical procedure with unchallenged merits in elective surgery. Blood drawn from healthy patients in immediate pre-operation period, and stored in a blood bank can be safely used for replacing blood during an elective operation in the same person, avoiding many complication related to homologous blood transfusion. A prospective study, the first of its kind in Bihar, was therefore undertaken in a tertiary university Hospital to determine the feasibility, safety and benefit of pre deposited autologous blood transfusion in elective surgery.

[1]. Ascari WQ Jolly PC and Thomas PA Autologous blood transfusion in pulmonary surgery Transfusion8 111 -115, 1968
[2]. Cuello L Vasquez E Rios R and Raffucci F L Autologous blood transfusion in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. Surgery 62 814-
818, 1967.
[3]. Daggett, W.M, Gupta, P.H, Leape, L.L, Scannell, J.G and Tarkaff, J: Autologous blood transfusion in pulmonary surgery. J. Thoraciccardiovassurg, 59:546-550, 1970.
[4]. Elbert, R.G Sterad, E.A and Gibson, J.G Response of normal subject to acute blood loss Arch. Intern.Med , 68:578-590, 1941.
[5]. Fudenberg H. and Allen F.H Jr: Transfussion reactions in absence of demonstrable incompatibility New EngJ.Med. 256: 1180-1184,1957.

Abstract: Objective: 1/To study the clinical profile,resuscitative and surgical interventions in cases of hemorrhagic shocks.2/To study maternal morbidity and mortality in hemorrhagic shock. Study Desigy : Retrospective observational study. Materials and Methods: In present study 100 patients of hemorrhagic shock who were in antepartum,intrapartum and postpartum period were included. A detailed obstetrics history was obtained.Depending on clinical features grading of shock was done and associated complications were recorded.

[1]. B. Kloster MD and J Gorlin MD. Obstetric Hemorrhage. Blood bulletin. 15th St. NW, Washington: Publication Committee Chair; 2012 December: 1-2
[2]. Rock JA, Thomson JD. Te Linde's operative gynecology. 8th ed. Philadelphia:Lippincott-Raven, 1997. p. 245-61.
[3]. Nyasulu DN. Haemorrhage in pregnancy. In: De Kock J, Van der Walt C, editors.Maternal and newborn care. Landsdowne: Juta, 2004; p21-2 – 21-17.
[4]. Barber A, Shires GT. Shock. In: Schwartz SI, editor. Principles of surgery. 7th ed. McGraw-Hill. 1999. p.101-22.]nd
[5]. Magann EF, Evans S, Chauhan SP, Lanneau G, Fisk AD, Morrison JC. The length of the third stage of labor and the risk of postpartum haemorrhage. Obstet Gynecol. 2005; 105:290-293.

Abstract: Accidental impaction of live fish is very uncommon in pharynx. Sometimes the impaction of foreign body may be life threatening and need immediate removal . Here we report accidental impaction of Kawai fish in the oropharynx of 14 yearss old boy for which emergency tracheostomy was done and impacted fish was removed.

[1]. Tarasia HS, Mishra BN: An unusual foreign body in the trachea and left bronchus. Indian J Otolaryngol 1974, 26:110-111.
[2]. Okafor, Bc Foreign Bodies in the Pharynx and Oesophagus, Nig. Med. J. 9;3; 321-325.
[3]. Vele, DD; Dubey, SP An unusual foreign body: A whole fish in the throat Auris- Nasus – Larynx. 1997 Apr. 24(2): 207-9.
[4]. Panigrahi, Sarangi,Behera,R.N Biswal Vele, DD; Dubey, SP'' An unusual foreign body throat'' Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery vol 59 no.4 pp384-85 2007
[5]. Pradipta kumar parida and Gopal Krishna surianarayan '' accidental entry of fish while bathing in a pool'' Hindawai publishing corporation case reporting medicine vol 2013 article 604687, 2 pages

Abstract: NPDCs are the most common non-odontogenic cysts of the oral cavity; its location is peculiar and specific in that it affects the midline anterior maxilla. NPDC though frequently asymptomatic may be a rare cause for severe orofacial pain.

[1]. Shear M, Speight PM. Cysts of the oral and maxillofacial regions. 4th ed. Oxford; Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Munksgaard 2007.
[2]. Robertson H, Palacios E. Nasopalatine duct cyst. Ear Nose Throat J. 2004;83(5):313.
[3]. Takagi R, Ohashi Y, Suzuki M. Squamous cell carcinoma in the maxilla probably originating from a nasopalatine duct cyst: report of case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1996:54(1):112-5.
[4]. Elliott KA, Franzese CB, Pitman KT. Diagnosis and surgical management of nasopalatine duct cysts. Laryngoscope. 2004;114(8):1336-40.
[5]. Swanson KS, Kaugars GE, Gunsolley JC. Nasopalatine duct cyst: an analysis of 334 cases. J Oral MaxillofacSurg 1991; 49(3): 268-71.

Abstract: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is common odontogenic cyst with an aggressive clinical behavior and high recurrence rate. OKC is known for its rapid growth and its tendency to invade the adjacent tissues including bone. Multiple OKCs are usually seen in association with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) but approximately 5% of patients with OKC have multiple cysts without concomitant syndromic presentation. We report rare case of multiple odontogenic keratocyst involving all four quadrants with more emphasize on the clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of this cyst and its surgical management.

Keywords: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC); Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT); nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome(NBCCS); Gorlin-Goltz syndrome.

[1]. Neville BW, Dam DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE. Oral and maxillofacial pathology. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: WB. Saunders; 2009.p.683-87.
[2]. Guruprasad Y., Chauhan D.S. Multiple odontogenic keratocyst in non syndromic patient.journal of cranio-maxillary disease/vol1 /issue 1/ Jan 2012
[3]. Stoelinga P.J.W. Etiology and pathogenesis of keratocysts Oral Maxillofacial Surg Clin N Am 15 (2003) 317–324
[4]. Shear M (1992). Odontogenic keratocyst: Cysts of the Oral Regions, 3rd ed.
[5]. Oda D. et al The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, Volume 1, No. 2, Winter Issue, 2000

Abstract: Purpose: This article reviews the demographics, presentation, cause, clinical findings, and treatment of4 cases of cervical necrotizing fasciitis of odontogenic origin. Patients And Methods: A retrospective chart review of 4 cases treated between 2012 and 2015 was done. Results: Most cases resulted from an abscessed mandibular molar. The most common significantmedical conditions in the patient's history were diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and substance abuse. Allpatients were treated surgically within 24 hours of admission. All patients recovered.

[1]. Tung-Yiu W, Jehn-Shyun H, Ching-Hung C, Hung-An C. Cervical necrotizing fasciitis of odontogenic origin: a report of 11 cases. J Oral Maxillofacial Surgery 2000 Dec
[2]. Obiechina AE, Arotiba JT, Fasola AO. Necrotizing fasciitis of odontogenic origin in Ibadan, Nigeria. Br J Oral Maxillofacial Surgery 2001 Apr.
[3]. Whitesides L, Cotto-Cumba C, Myers RA. Cervical necrotizing fasciitis of odontogenic origin: a case report and review of 12 cases. J Oral Maxillofacial Surgery 2000 Feb
[4]. Raboso E, Llavero MT, Rosell A, Martinez-Vidal A. Craniofacial necrotizing fasciitis secondary to sinusitis. J Laryngol Otol. 1998 Apr;112(4):371-2
[5]. Morrow JS, Gianoli GJ. Craniocervical necrotizing fasciitis. J La State Med Soc. 1993

Abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multiorgan autoimmune disease of unknown etiology with many clinical manifestations. The skin is one of the target organs most variably affected by the disease. Skin lesions in patients with lupus may be specific or nonspecific. This paper covers the SLE-specific cutaneous changes: malar rash and oral mucosal lesions as well as SLE nonspecific skin manifestations, their pathophysiology and management. A deeper thorough understanding of the cutaneous manifestations of SLE is essential for diagnosis, prognosis and efficient management. Thus, dermatologists should cooperate with other specialties to provide optimal care of SLE patient.

[1]. M. C. Hochberg, ―Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus,‖ Arthritis and Rheumatism, vol. 40, no. 9, article 1725, 1997.
[2]. R. Klein, S. Moghadam-Kia, J. LoMonico et al., ―Development of the CLASI as a tool to measure disease severity and responsiveness to therapy in cutaneous lupus erythematosus,‖ Archives of Dermatology, vol. 147, no. 2, pp. 203–208, 2011.
[3]. E. M. Tan, A. S. Cohen, and J. F. Fries, ―The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythrematosus,‖ Arthritis and Rheumatism, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 1271–1277, 1982.
[4]. A. Kuhn, M. Herrmann, S. Kleber et al., ―Accumulation of apoptotic cells in the epidermis of patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus after ultraviolet irradiation,‖ Arthritis and Rheumatism, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 939–950, 2006.
[5]. I. Baumann, W. Kolowos, R. E. Voll et al., ―Impaired uptake of apoptotic cells into tingiblebodymacrophages in germinal centers of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus,‖ Arthritis and Rheumatism, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 191–201, 2002.

Abstract: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) or Osler-Weber-Rendu disease is a rare fibrovascular dysplasia that makes vascular walls vulnerable to trauma and rupture causing skin and mucosal bleeding. It is of autosomal dominant inheritance characterized by recurrent epistaxis and telangiectasia on the face, hands and oral cavity; visceral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and positive family history. Epistaxis is often the foremost manifestation. It is associated with AVMs in several organs. There are possible hematologic, neurologic, pulmonary, dermatologic and gastrointestinal complications. Treatment is supportive and helps prevent complications. We report herein a patient with this syndrome who came to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at our hospital.

Keywords: hemorrhagic telangiectasia, arteriovenous malformations, epistaxi

[1]. Guttmacher AE, Marchuk DA, White RI Jr. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. N Engl J Med 1995;333(14):918-24.
[2]. Gu Y, Jin P, Zhang L, Zhao X, Gao X, Ning Y, et al. Functional analysis of mutations in the kinase domain of the TGF-beta receptor ALK1 reveals different mechanisms for induction of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Blood 2006;107(5):1951-4.
[3]. Shovlin CL, Hughes JM, Scott J, Seidman CE, Seidman JG. Characterization of endoglin and identification of novel mutations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Am J Hum Genet 1997;61(1):68-79.
[4]. Cole SG, Begbie ME, Wallace GM, Shovlin CL. A new locus for hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT3) maps to chromosome 5. J Med Genet 2005;42(7):577-82.
[5]. Bayrak-Toydemir P, McDonald J, Akarsu N, Toydemir RM, Calderon F, Tuncali T, et al. A fourth locus for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia maps to chromosome 7. Am J Med Genet A 2006;140(20):2155-62.

Abstract: The term of mesiodens refers to a supernumerary tooth present in the midline of the maxilla between the two central incisors (1-3). It is clinically the most frequent of all supernumerary teeth (4-5). The etiology of mesiodens remains unknown, but many hypotheses have been reported such as atavism, dichotomy of the tooth bud and hyperactivity of the dental lamina. However the hyperactivity theory which states that supernumerary teeth are derived from independent local hyperactivity of the dental lamina has been more adopted (3-4, 6-7). Genetics are also thought to contribute to the development of mesiodens (4).

[1]. Gündüz K, Çelenk P, Zengin Z, Sümer P. Mesiodens: a radiographic study in children. J Oral Sci 2008;50(3):287-291.
[2]. Kim SG, Lee SH. Mesiodens: a clinical and radiographic study. J Dent Child 2003;70(1):58-60.
[3]. Russel KA, Folwarczna MA. Mesiodens- diagnosis and management of a common supernumerary tooth. J Can Dent Assoc 2003;69(6):362-366.
[4]. Ersin NK, Candan U, Alpoz AR, Akay C. Mesiodens in primary, mixed and permanent dentitions: a clinical and radiographic study. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2004;28(4):295-298.

Abstract: Cyclopes are rare congenital abnormalities; a severe form of holoprosencephaly resulting in children being born with just one eye. It results from failure of the cerebral hemisphere to separate during fetal development which is incompatible with life. The incidence is 1 in 13,000 live births but present in 1 in 2500 pregnancies that end up as miscarriage. We report on the ultrasound (US) detection of holoprosencephaly with cyclopia at a gestational age of 30 weeks. The sonographic diagnosis was based on the intracranial finding of fused thalami with no visible midline structures and facial abnormalities, including cyclopia and proboscis. Ultrasonography was able to identify the cyclopia below the proboscis. These findings are characteristic of alobar holoprosencephaly. The use of 3D prenatal US made additional diagnostic images possible. With the informed consent of the patient, the pregnancy was terminated by prostaglandin induction after proper counseling. Chromosome study of the abortus revealed a normal karyotype (46, XY). Postmortem examination of the abortus confirmed the presence of cyclopia and a proboscis.

Key words: cyclopia, holoprosencephaly, proboscis

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Abstract: Sepsis is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries where identification of the organisms and treatment is often unsatisfactory. The aim of the study was to assess the clinical presentation, and bacteriological profile of neonatal infections.

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