iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2015

Abstract: The study of superficial palmar arch (SPA) and its variation in human foetuses has been rarely reported .Superficial palmar arch is defined in textbooks as an arterial arcade that lies superficial in the palmar compartment in contact with the deep surface of the palmar aponeurosis. It is formed by the direct continuation of the ulnar artery beyond the flexor retinaculum. It is often not a complete arch, but it is complete if it becomes continuous with the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery.

[1] Adachi B .Das arteriensystem der Japan, Kyoto.1928:365,368,389.

[2] Al-turk, M and Metcalf, WK. A study of the superficial palmar arteries using Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter. Journal of Anatomy, 1984, 138, (1):27-32.

[3] Aniruddha S, Sumita D, Kana D, Jayanta B. Handedness may be related to variations in palmar arterial arches in humans. Singapore Medical Journal 2012:53(6):409-412.

[4] Bilge O., Pinar Y., Ozer M.A., Gonsa F. A morphometric study on the superficial palmar arch of the hand. Surg. Rad. Anat 2006:28:343-350.

[5] Calenoff, L. Angiography of the hand: guidelines for interpretation. Radiology, 1972, 2, 331-335.

Keywords: Dead body of a male aged about 30 years was brought for post mortem examination in the mortuary of Al-Ameen Medical College, Bijapur concerned to Rural Police Station, Crime No-192/2013, U/S-147,148 and 302 R/W-149 IPC. History over injury over the neck, back and chest was seen. Cause and Manner of death is a challenge while furnishing the final opinion. Detailed case along with Post mortem findings with Figures have been discussed in this case report. Keywords: Homicide, Cut throat injury, stab injury, Firearm.

[1] A.J.Patowary.STUDY OF PATTERN OF INJURIES IN HOMICIDAL FIREARM INJURY CASES. JIAFM.2005; 27(2):92-85. [2] Sithu Myint et al. A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF FATAL FIREARM INJURIES ON AUTOPSY CASES AT RAMATHIBODI HOSPITAL, BANGKOK. Proceedings of the 2nd ASEAN plus Three Graduate Research Congress (2nd AGRC), Bangkok. February2014; 2:813-819.

[3] Shreyas S. Joshi et al. Technicality of Managing Cut Throat Injury. International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. January 2004; 2:11-12.

[4] Muataz A. Al Qazzaz, Zaid Ali Abbas. Medico-Legal Study of Fatal Stab Wounds in Baghdad. THE IRAQI POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL. 2013; 12(1):104-110.

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between Iraqi method used for assessing the sagittal skeletal relationship with other popular methods. Materials and methods: The sample included 60 digital true lateral cephalometric X-rays selected from the files of the patients attending the postgraduate Orthodontic clinic in the College of Dentistry/ University of Baghdad with an age raged between 18-30 years. The sample classified according to ANB angle into three skeletal classes. One angular and three linear parameters were measured using AutoCAD program. Descriptive statistics were performed for each variable and Pearson's correlation coefficient was obtained to determine the relationship between the variables in the study.

[1]. Downs WB. Variations in facial relationship: their significance in treatment and prognosis. Am J Orthod 1948; 34(10): 812-40.
[2]. Riedel RA. A cephalometric roentgenographic study of the relation of the maxilla and associated parts to the cranial base in normal and malocclusion of the teeth. Thesis, Northwestern University Dental School, 1948.
[3]. Riedel RA. The relation of maxillary structures to cranium in malocclusion and in normal occlusion. Angle Orthod 1952; 22(3): 142-5.
[4]. Jacobson A. The "Wits" appraisal of jaw disharmony. Am J Orthod 1975; 67(2): 125-38, and Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 2003; 124(5): 470-9.
[5]. Al-Khannaq MR. Dentoskeletal pattern of Class II division 1: a cross sectional growth study. A master thesis, Department of Pedodontics, Orthodontics, and Preventive Dentistry, University of Baghdad, 1993.
[6]. Noar JH, Al-Asady A, Moseley HC. A simple method of assessing anteroposterior skeletal pattern from a lateral cephalogram. J Clin Orthod 2009; 43(7): 449-52.

Abstract: Computed Tomography (CT) guided Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is nowadays considered to be a rapid, safe and accurate diagnostic modality in diagnosis of lung cancer with minimal complication. The purpose of the present study is to find out the correlation between cytology and histopathology and to assess the accuracy of FNAC in evaluation of lung masses. 120 patients were studied for a period of 1 year from January 2013 to December 2013. The cytological features were correlated with histological findings after performing bronchoscopic biopsy or percutaneous core biopsy.

[1]. Caya JG, Gilles L,TieuTM,et al. Lung cancer treated on the basis of cytologic findings:an analysis of 112 patients.Diagn Cytopathology1990;6:313-6.
[2]. Fraire AE ,MclartyJW, Greenberg SD. Changing utilisation of cytopathology versus histopathology in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Diagn Cytopathol1991;7:359-62.
[3]. SahaA,KumarK, ChoudhuriMK. Computed tomography –guided fine needle aspiration cytology of thorasic mass lesion;A study of 57 cases,J cytol2009;26(2):55-59
[4]. Wallace MJ,Krishnamurthy S,Bromeling LD et al-CT guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy of small(<1 cm) pulmonary lesion. Radiology 2002;225:823-8
[5]. ShahS.Shukla K,Patel P.Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of lung tumors. A study of 100 cases.Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2007;50:56-8

Abstract: Femoral hernias are relatively uncommon; however, they are the most common incarcerated abdominal hernias with strangulation of viscous carrying significant mortality. Femoral hernia has often been found to be the cause of unexplained bowel obstruction. Femoral hernias are known for atypical presentations like painless groin swelling, groin cellulitis/necrotizing fasciitis. Diagnosing Richter's femoral hernia is often difficult especially in obese patients. Delay in diagnosis may occur, especially because a strangulated femoral hernia doesn't always present with typical groin swelling and signs of strangulation. We report a case of 58 yr old female presenting with abdominal distension and vomiting since 15days, with a non tender swelling in right groin without signs of strangulation. On exploration, Richter's femoral hernia with part of small bowel wall as content which was gangrenous necessitating resection and anastomosis.

Keywords: Richter's femoral hernia, Strangulation, Groin swelling.

[1]. Ann Surg. 2000 Nov; 232(5): 710–718. PMCID: PMC1421226
[2]. Davd T:‖Strangulated femoral hernia‖, Med J Aust 1967,1:258.
[3]. Franklin ME etal,‖Preliminary experience with new bioactive prosthetic material for repair of infective fields‖, hernia pubmed 2002,601-6, 171-174.
[4]. Tingwald GR, Cooperman M,‖Inguinal and Femoral hernia repair in geriatric patients‖, Surg Gynaec Obst 1982, 154:704-706.
[5]. Kulah B etal,‖ Emergency hernia repairs in elderly patients‖, Am J Surg 2001, 182(5),455-459.

Abstract: Seizure is one of the common causes of childhood hospitalization with significant morbidity and mortality. Objective of current study was to know the incidence and etiology of epilepsy and unprovoked seizures in children in the age group 1 month to 6 years in Kashmir India. Methods: A prospective hospital based study conducted from 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010. .Setting: Post graduate department of Pediatrics,GMC Srinagar. Participants: All the hospitalized sick children who had seizure in the age group 1 month to 6 years.

[1]. Al-Rajesh, Abomelha, Ismail H: Epilepsy and convulsive disorders in Saudi Arabia. Acta Neurol Scand, 1990: 82(5):341-5.
[2]. Berg Anne T, Sholomo Shinnar: Unprovoked seizures in children with febrile seizures. Neurology 1996: 4: 562-568.
[3]. Engel J Jr. Report of the ILAE classification core group: Epilepsia. Sep 2006; 47(9):1558-68
[4]. Engel J Jr: A proposed diagnostic scheme for people with epileptic seizures and with epilepsy: report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. Jun 2001; 42(6):796-803
[5]. Fisher RS, van Emde Boas W, Blume W, Elger C, Genton P, Lee P, et al: Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). Epilepsia. Apr 2005; 46(4):470-2.

Abstract: 82 men with Benign Prostatic Enlargement(BPE) who underwent TURP were retrospectively analysed for Prostatic volumes and complications related to BPE. The Volumes were measured by Transabdominal USG (TAUS) with 3.5 MHz Curvilinear probe . The mean age , gland size , and PSA were 65.3 yrs , 55.70 ml (range from 21 to 170 cc) and 11.41ng/ml in our study population respectively. Analysis revealed significant correlation of patients age with prostate volume (p = 0.009). PSA and Acute urinary retention(AUR) showed significant positive correlation (p= 0.004). Bladder calculus incidence correlated significantly with Prostate Volume (p = 0.026) rather than , recurrent UTI ,AUR and PVR .Comparison of hematuria (p =0.888) and gland size was insignificant. Upper tract changes with renal failure and Recurrent UTI did not show any significant association with prostate volume. Men with BPE having gland size >50ml measured using TAUS are at increased risk for Spontaneous AUR , Bladder stone formation and Bladder wall changes.

[1]. Jacobsen SJ, Jacobson DJ, Girman CJ, et al. Natural history of prostatism: risk factors for acute urinary retention. J Urol.1997;158:481-487
[2]. Bautista OM, Kusek JW, Nyberg LM, et al. Study design of the Medical Therapy of Prostatic Symptoms (MTOPS) trial. Control Clin Trials. 2003;24:224–243.
[3]. Michael Marberger ,The MTOPS Study: New Findings, New Insights, and Clinical Implications for the Management of BPH. Europian urology suppliment ,5 :2006
[4]. Grosse, H. (1990). Frequency, localization and associated disorders in urinary calculi. Analysis of 1671 autopsies in urolithiasis. Z Urol Nephrol83(9): 469-474.
[5]. Faubert, P. F., Porush, J.G., Ed. (1998). Renal disease in the elderly New York Marcel Dekker

Abstract: Spinal cord infarction is a rare but often devastating disorder caused by a wide array of pathologic states. Anterior spinal artery (ASA) syndrome is a common manifestation of acute ischemic cord infarction. It is caused by hypoperfusion of the anterior spinal artery, leading to ischemia in the anterior two thirds of the spinal cord.1 Patients typically present with acute paraparesis or quadriparesis with impaired bladder and bowel control. We report a case of severe postpartum hemorrhage causing hypovolemia and systemic hypotension leading to spinal cord infarction. To the best of our knowledge, this is first case report of ASA syndrome due to postpartum hemorrhage.

[1]. Novy J, Carruzzo A, Maeder P, Bogousslavsky J. Spinal Cord Ischemia : Clinical and imaging patterns, pathogenesis and outcome in 27 patients. Arch Neurol 2006; 63 : 1113.
[2]. Cheng MY, Lyu RK, Chang YJ, et al. Spinal cord infarction in Chinese patients : clinical features, risk factors, imaging and prognosis. Cerebrovasc Dis 2008; 26 : 502.
[3]. Cheshire WP, Santos CC, Massey EW, Howard JF Jr. Spinal cord infarction etiology and outcome. Neurology 1996; 47 : 321.
[4]. Mohr JP, Benavente O, Barnett HJ. Spinal cord ischemia. In: stroke Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management. Barnett HJ, Mohr JP, Stein BM, Yastu FM(Eds). Churchill Livingstone. Philadelphia 1998. P423.

Abstract: Conjunctival inclusion cysts can be congenital or acquired. Acquired conjunctival inclusion cysts occur mostly following ocular surgery. Conjuctival inclusion cysts cause vision impairment by corneal astigmatism. A 25 years male patient presented to our institute with diminished vision of left eye and swelling over his left upper lid since 8 weeks with a past history of blunt trauma 9 weeks back over his left upper eye lid with a stone. Lid eversion revealed conjuctival cyst in the left upper lid. Complete excision of the cyst was performed and the excised tissue was subjected to histopathological evaluation which revealed a cyst lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Following surgery Left eye vision improved from 20/40 to 20/20p after 1 week. Case was followed up for six months and no recurrence was observed. The purpose of the case report is to create awareness regarding the factors leading to conjuctival cyst formation, vision impairment and recurrence after its excision.

Keywords: conjuctival inclusion cyst; corneal astigmatism; blunt trauma; cyst excision; cyst recurrence.

[1]. Nath K., Gogi R., Zaidi Nahid. Cystic lesions of conjunctiva. IJO. 1983;31:1–4. [PubMed]

[2]. Soll S.M., Lisman R.D., Harrison W., Weiner M. Conjunctival orbital cyst. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 1994;10:216–219. [PubMed]

[3]. Song Jean J., Finger Paul T. Giant secondary conjunctival inclusion cysts: a late complication of strabismus surgery. Eye. 2002;17:273–276.[PubMed]

[4]. Barishak Robert Y., Barrak E., Lazar M. Episcleral traumatic conjunctival inclusion cyst. BJO. 1977;61:29–301. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [5]. Vishwanath M.R., Jain A. Inclusion cyst after subtenon. Br J Anaesthesia. 2005;95:825–826. [PubMed]

Abstract: The aim of the study was to identify rates of readmission and factors associated with readmission to acute psychiatric unit. Methods: First admissions (n=1276) to acute psychiatric unit in Government Hospital for mental care, Visakhapatnam in 2005 were identified and followed up retrospectively for the 9 year period 2005-2014. Results: Thirty percent (387/1276) of first admission in 2005 had one or more readmissions during the study period. 2.7% had 4 or more readmissions in the nine year period. Younger age and diagnosis of affective disorders were identified as predictive factors for readmissions.

[1]. Kastrup M. Who became revolving door patients? Findings from a nation: wide cohort of first time admitted psychiatric patients. Acta PsychiatrScand 1987;76:80-8.
[2]. May AR (1976) Mental health services in Europe. WHO, Geneva
[3]. Yussuf AD, Kuranga SA, Balogun OR, Ajiboye PO, Issa BA, AdegunloyeO, Parakoyi MT: Predictors of psychiatric readmissions to the psychiatric unit of a tertiary health facility in a Nigerian city - a 5-year study. AfrJPsychiatr (Johannesbg) 2008, 11(3):187–190.
[4]. Korkeila JA, Lehtinen V, Tuori T, Helenius H: Frequentl hospitalised psychiatric patients: a study of predictive factors. SocPsychiatrPsychiatrEpidemiol1998, 33(11):528–534.

Abstract: Childhood immunisation is considered to be among the most effective preventive services, and is therefore critical to monitor and evaluate.1 Uptake of vaccination services is dependent on different factors including knowledge and attitude of mothers.2 Research on parental health beliefs and attitudes often assumes that parents decline immunisation or are simply less knowledgeable without examining their access and utilisation of well-child care.3,4 The other side of the system, that is, the deficiencies on the provider side largely remain unaccounted for. Parental satisfaction with pediatric care is an indicator of provider quality that has been relatively unexplored in relation to childhood immunisation.

[1]. Maciosek MV, Coffield AB, Edwards NM, Flottemesch TJ,Goodman MJ, Solberg LI. Priorities among effective clinical preventive services: results of a systematic review and
[2]. analysis. Am J Prev Med 2006; 31: 52-61. Available from http://www.prevent.org/data /files/initiatives/satchercommentaryonpriorities.pdf last accessed on 24/1/15.
[3]. Prislin R, Dyer JA, Blakely CH, Johnson CD. Immunization status and sociodemographic characteristics: the mediating role of beliefs, attitudes, and perceived control. Am J Public Health. 1998;88:1821-26. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/ PMC1509037/ last accessed on 24/1/15.
[4]. Gust DA, Strine TW, Maurice E et al. Under immunization among children: effects of vaccine safety concerns on immunization status. Pediatrics 2004; 114: e16-e22. Available from http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/114/1/e16.long last accessed on 23/1/15.

Abstract: Ameloblastoma of the mandible is slow growing, locally aggressive and invasive, odontogenic benign tumour which is painless. Patients usually present late after the tumor achieves considerable size to cause facial disfigurement. This tumor comprises about 1% of tumors and cysts arising in the jaws. Radiograph and histopathology help in differentiating the variety of ameloblastoma. The management of ameloblastoma is complete excision along with reconstruction of the bony defect. The authors report a case of a cystic ameloblastoma in a 46 year-old man who was treated by left segmental hemimandibullectomy.

Keywords: Ameloblastoma, odontogenic, radiograph, histopathology, hemimandibullectomy etc.

[1]. Adebiyi KE, Ugboko VI, Omoniyi-Esan GO, NdukweKC,OginniFOClinicopathological analysis of histological variants of ameloblastoma in a suburban Nigerian population. Head Face Med. 2006 Nov 24;2:42.
[2]. VarkhedeAjinkya, Tupkari JV, Mandale MS, SardarManisha.Plexiform ameloblastoma of mandible-case report.JClinExp Dent 2010;2(3):e146-48
[3]. Gupta N. SaxenaS,Rathod VC, Aggarwal P. Unicystic ameloblastoma of the mandible J. Oral MxillofacPathol 2011;15:228-31
[4]. Reichart PA, Philipsen HP, Sonner S. Ameloblastoma: biological profile of 3677 cases. European Journal of Cancer Part B, Oral Oncology 1995;31B:86-99
[5]. Newman L, Howells GL, Coghlan KM et al. Malignant Ameloblastoma revisited. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 1995;33:47-50

Abstract: During normal pregnancy, there is increased hepatic production of TBG,hCG.hCG stimulates maternal T4 secretion , which in turn inhibits maternal secretion of TSH.so,pregnancy is associated with asymptomatic hyperthyroxinemia. Fetal thyroid begins to form by 5 weeks and becomes autonomous by 12 weeks .As placenta is impermeable to TSH,this T4 is important for fetal brain development,especially in the first 12 weeks. Studies in mice using VEGF inhibitors (anti angiogenic factor) such as sflt-1 have shown substantial thyroid capillary regression and increased concentrations of TSH. It is therefore hypothesized that excess sflt-1,which is implicated currently in the pathogenesis of pre ecclampsia might be associated with reduced thyroid function during last months of pregnancy.

[1]. High Risk Pregnancy management options.
[2]. Guide lines of American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and management of Thyroid disease during Pregnancy and Postpartum,volume 21,number 10,Mary Ann liebert.
[3]. Williams 23 edition.
[4]. Normal Hormone reference Ranges.Greenspan's Basic &clinical Endocrinology.
[5]. Kumar Asok,Ghosh BK,Murthy NS.Maternal thyroid hormonal status in Pre ecclampsia.Indian Journal of Medical Sciences ,Feb 2005.

Abstract: Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency(FGD) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterised by glucocorticoid deficiency leading to hypoglycemia, hyperpigmentation increased serum levels of ACTH without mineralocorticoid deficiency. FGD is an important differential diagnosis of Addison's disease in children and have isolated glucocorticoid deficiency as a result of defects in ACTH action. Recognition of this entity is important to avoid unnecessary treatments with mineralocorticoids .In this paper we report a case of 6 year old male child with isolated glucocorticoid deficiency on the basis of clinical features and laboratory investigations, patient was given appropriate treatment and responded to the treatment.

Keywords: Glucocorticoidid deficiency, Addison's disease, Mineralocorticoids, ACTH excess.

[1]. Clark AJ, Metherell LA, Cheetham ME, Huebner A. Inherited ACTH insensitivity illuminates the mechanisms of ACTH action. Trends EndocrinolMetab. 2005; 16:451–457.[PubMed]

[2]. Clark AJ, Weber A. Adrenocorticotropin insensitivity syndromes. Endocr Rev. 1998; 19:828–43. [PubMed]

[3]. Metherell LA, Chapple JP, Cooray S, David A, Becker C, Ruschendorf F, Naville D, Begeot M, Khoo B, Nürnberg P, Huebner A, Cheetham ME, Clark AJ. Mutations in MRAP, encoding a new interacting partner of the ACTH receptor, cause familial glucocorticoid deficiency type 2. Nat Genet. 2005; 37:166–170. [PubMed]

[4]. Perry R, Kecha O, Paquette J, Huot C, VanVliet G, Deal C. Primary adrenal insufficiency in children: twenty years experience at the Sainte−Justine Hospital, Montreal. J ClinEndocrinolMetab 2005;90:3243–3250. [PubMed]

Abstract: Introduction:Breast feeding is an essential and noble practice.It helps in proper growth of the baby, creates strong bonding with mother and offers immunity and development of brain.Breastfeeding practices are determined by various factors including cultural norms, beliefs, mother's knowledge and previous experience. These factors operate differently across communities Aims and Objectives:To find out socio-demographic characteristics of the population as well as to ascertain different patterns of breast feeding of under 6 month aged children slums of an eastern industrial city of India.

[1]. Santika O, Umi F, Elaine LF. Development of food-based complementary feeding recommendations for 9- to 11-month-old peri-urban Indonesian young children using linear programming. J Nutr2009;139: 135-141.
[2]. Clark L, Guthrie H. De 12 à 24 mois: Unepériodenutritionnellecrucialemaissouventnégligée. Documentation 2002;19 : 1- 3.
[3]. Kawatra A, Sehgal S. Nutrient Intake of lactating mothers from rural and urban areas. Indian Journal of Social Research 1998; 39: 91-99.
[4]. UNICEF (2011). La malnutrition responsable de la moitié des décès.
[5]. Dewey K, Lutter C; Guiding principles for complementary feedidng of the breastfed child. Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; 2003. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/paho/2003/a85622.pdf [Last accessed on 24th May 2015]

Abstract: Oral cavity contains large numbers of microorganisms. Dental plaque is composed of bacteria in a matrix of salivary glycoproteins and extracellular polysaccharides which displays extensive interactions while forming biofilm structures, carrying out physiological functions, and inducing microbial pathogenesis. Our emerging view of the microbial world is one in which individual bacteria exert their influence within communities through producing, sensing and responding to an array of chemical signals.

Keywords: biofilm, dental plaque, microflora.

[1]. Kolenbrander P. Oral multispecies biofilm development and the key role of cell–cell distance. Nature reviews microbiology; 2010;8.
[2]. Kuramitsu H. Interspecies Interactions within Oral Microbial Communities. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 2007.
[3]. Newman M., Takei H. ,CarranzaF.A, Klokkevold P.. Clinical Periodontology. Elsevier Health Sciences; 10th edition.
[4]. Lindhe J. , Niklaus P. Lang, Karring T. Textbook of clinical periodontology and implantology. John Wiley & Sons; 5th edition.
[5]. Marsh P.D. Dental plaque as a biofilm and a microbial community, implications in health and disease. BMC oral health 2006.
[6]. Marsh P.D. Are dental diseases examples of ecological catastrophes? Microbiology 2005

Abstract: Infective keratitis is one of the leading causes of avoidable blindness in developed nations. Definitive diagnosis is by microbiological culture. So, knowledge of local etiological agents and their susceptibility helps to initiate prompt treatment and control the disease. Aim: To determine frequency of infective keratitis (bacterial and fungal) in patients of Hi Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneshwar and analyze its characteristics, aetiology, sensitivity patterns, risk factors.

[1]. Andrew A. Dahl F. Keratitis: Read about Symptoms and Infection Treatment [Internet]. MedicineNet. 2014 [cited 22 October 2014].Available from: http://www.medicinenet.com/keratitis/article.htm
[2]. Resnikoff S, Pascolini D, Etya'ale D, Kocur I, Pararajasegaram R, Pokharel GP, et al. Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2004; 82:844–51.
[3]. Uupadhyaya et al 1991; shrinivasan et al 1997;norina et al 2008;
[4]. Whitcher et al 1997; chirambo et al 1986.
[5]. Chirambo MC, Tielsch JM, Katz J et al (1986). Blindness and visual impairment in SouthernMalawull ; Bull WHO; 64: 567-72.

Abstract:Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinal disease that principally affects preterm neonates. It is recognized as the leading cause of preventable blindness and visual impairment in paediatric population, the major brunt of the disease affecting relatively immature newborns. An increase in survival of very young preterm infants, due to the advances in neonatology, have subjected them to the risk of developing ROP.
This study has been undertaken to determine the incidence of ROP, its association with various clinical and social risk factors and also to study the vasculogenesis and outcome of the ROP positive cases detected in the course of screening.

[1]. Stephen J Ryan. Retina. 4th edition 2006
[2]. Charan R, Dogra M R, Gupta A, Narang A. The incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in a neonatal care unit. Indian J Ophthalmol 1995;43:123-6
[3]. Jalali S, Anand R, Kumar H, Dogra MR, Azad R, Gopal L. Programme planning and screening strategy in Retinopathy of prematurity. Indian J Ophthalmol 2003; 51:89-99
[4]. Gopal L, Sharma T, Ramachandran S, Shanmugasundaram R, Asha V. Retinopathy of prematurity: A study. Indian J Ophthalmol 1995;43:59-61
[5]. Vinekar A, Dogra MR, Sangtam T, Narang A, Gupta A. Retinopathy of prematurity in Asian Indian babies weighing greater than 1250 grams at birth: Ten year data from a tertiary care centre in a developing country. Indian J Ophthalmol 2007;55:331-6
[6]. R Karkhaneh, S Z Mousavi, M Riazi-Esfahani, S AEbrahimzadeh, R Roohipoor, M Kadivar, L Ghalichi, S F Mohammadi, M R Mansouri. Incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity in a tertiary eye hospital in Tehran. Br J Ophthalmol 2008;92:1446-1449

Abstract: Purpose:Postpartum hemorrhage remains an important cause of significant maternal morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The objective of this study was to review the incidence , indications, predisposing factors and associated complications of emergency peripartum hysterectomy. Methods:Retrospective observational study was conducted in the RIMS for 2 years. Of the 25 subjects, 14 were for Atonic postpartum haemorrhage. Peripartum hysterectomy was done after CS or vaginal delivery due to severe PPH who didn't respond to conservative management. Data were abstracted from chart reviews. Primary outcomes included indication, risks factors, maternal morbidity and mortality.

[1]. Sturdy DW, Rushton DL. Caeserean and post partum hysterectomy. Br JObstetGynaecol 1986;93:270-74
[2]. Mantri L, Maheshwari K, Chandra. Emergency hysterectomy ten years reviews. J obstetGynaecol India 1995;43: 936-39
[3]. Siddiq N, Ghazi A, Jabbar S, Ali T. Emergency obstetrical hysterectomy (EOH): A life saving procedure in obstetrics. Pak J Surg 2007;23: 217-9
[4]. Larry C, Gilstrap F 3rd , Cunningham G, Vandorten JP. Obstetric hysterectomy. Operative obstetrics. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 1995.p. 275-91
[5]. Incerpi MH, Nathan L, Goodwin TM, Laufer N, Kanem AD. Morbidity and mortality following emergency obstetric hysterectomy in Calabar, Nigeria. Niger J ClinPract 2003;6:52-5

Abstract: Objective:To detect the prevalence of articular manifestations of thalassemia major and to evaluate its relationship to the duration of disease and the frequency of blood transfusion. Patients and methods:This cross sectional study consisted of 70 patients with thalassemia major, 36 male and 34 female aged (2-18) years.All patients were assessed clinically for the presence of articular manifestations, which include(Joint pain, tenderness, presence of joint swelling, and limitation of movement).Laboratory investigations included biochemical tests for all of the patients. X-ray of the knee joint was performed for those with knee joint involvement.

[1]. Lin L, Chen DN, Guo J, et al. Development of a capillary zone electrophoresis method for rapid determination of human globin chains in α and β-thalassemia subjects. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2015 Jun;55(1):62-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.03.003. Epub 2015 Mar 26.
[2]. Vlachaki E, Neokleous N, Paspali D, et al. Evaluation of Mental Health and Physical Pain in Patients with β-Thalassemia Major in Northern Greece. Hemoglobin. 2015 May 15:1-4.
[3]. Economides CP1, Soteriades ES, Hadjigavriel M, et al. Iron deposits in the knee joints of a thalassemic patient. ActaRadiol Short Rep. 2012 Dec 23;2(1):2047981613477401. doi: 10.1177/2047981613477401. eCollection 2012.
[4]. Schumacher HR, Doewart BB, Bond J, et al. Chronic synovitis with early cartilage destruction in sickle cell diease. Ann Rheum Dis 1997; 36: 413-9
[5]. MitchellLS.Thalassemia major. In :Hoffbrand AV( ed), Post Graduate Hematology 12thed.New York. Butterworth-Heinmann 1998; 14:721-3

Abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the defined expected weight loss in pre- menopausal obese Indian women at their first visit to a weight loss clinic. It was also intended to compare this defined expected weight loss with the average initial weight loss recommended by the reputed stakeholders in the field of obesity research.

[1]. Alan Alwan et al. Non-communicable diseases countries profile,WHO 2011, page 5.
[2]. Flier, J. F. Obesity , Harrisons principles of internal medicine, 15th edition, volume 1, pages 479 – 486.
[3]. Professor S.Inoue, Prof P. Zimmet The Asiapacific perspective: redefing obesity & its treatment. 2000; page 34.
[4]. lt. Col. Singh sp et al. (2008). Body Mass Index And Obesity: tailoring cutoff for an asian indian male population , MJAFI, 64 : 350- 353.
[5]. Misra A. Et al(2009). Consensus statement for diagnosis of obesity, abdominal obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome for Asian Indians and r

Abstract: Subcutaneous rubber band foreign bodies have been described particularly in children, when a rubber band is worn around a wrist and is forgotten leading to catastrophic complications. None of the reports described circumferential embedded foreign body in adults. Among two of our cases reported, one of the patient was 54 years old male, which authors think is a first description of rubber band syndrome in adults.

[1]. Kumar P, Kumar B, Singh K (1995) A constriction ring of the thigh secondary to a rubber band. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 95: 209-10.
[2]. Hixon FP, Shafiroff BB, Werner FW, P almer AK (1986) Digital tourniquets: a pressure study with clinical relevance. Journal of Hand Surgery. 11A: 865-68.
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Abstract: Aim: This study was designed to compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine 30μgms added to Bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block regarding onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade and postoperative analgesic efficacy.

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