iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2015

Abstract: As number of Diabetic patients is increasing, different chronic complications of diabetes are also increasing; Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcer is one of the very important but most neglected complications of Diabetes. Foot ulcers in diabetic patients are not uncommon. Approximately 14% of diabetic ulcers lead to amputation & in most of the cases it is trivial foot ulcer which ultimately leads to amputation. More than 80,000 amputations are performed each year on diabetic patients in India, and around 50% of the people with amputations will develop ulcerations and infections in the contra lateral limb within 18 months. An alarming 58% will have a contra lateral amputation 3-5 years after the first amputation. In addition, the 3-year mortality after a first amputation has been estimated as high as 20-50%, and these numbers have not changed much in the past 30 years, despite huge advances in the medical and surgical treatment of patients with diabetes.

[1]. Reiber GE, Lipsky BA, Gibbons GW. The burden of diabetic foot ulcers. Am J Surg. 1998; 176(2A Suppl):5S–10S.
[2]. Sibbald RG, Orsted HL, Coutts PM, Keast DH. Best practice recommendations for preparing the Wound bed: update 2006. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2007; 20(7):390–405.
[3]. Goldman RJ, Salcido R. More than one way to measure a wound: an overview of tools andTechniques. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2002; 15(5):236–243.
[4]. Jessup RL. What is the best method for assessing the rate of wound healing? A comparison of 3 Mathematical formulas. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2006; 19(3):138–146.
[5]. Lipsky BA, Clin.Infect.Dis.25:1318-1326, 1997.
[6]. Benjamin A. Lipsky, Levin & O'Neal's Textbook of

Keywords: Background: Fracture of the femur occurs most times second only to tibio-fibula fracture. The patronage of traditional bone setters for the treatment of these fractures is still very high in our environment with an attendant unacceptable high complication rate. The aim of the study is to access critically the burden traditional bone setter management has on the outcome of operative treatment of femoral fractures Patients and Methods: The study was a four year retrospective review of patients who sustained closed isolated fracture managed operatively. Data were obtained using a profoma and analyzed using epi info.

[1]. K. Gichuhi. Injury Pattern among Non-fatal Road Traffic Crash Victims. EAOJ; Vol. 4: September 2010; 23-25
[2]. Murray C. and Lopez A. The Global Burden of Disease. Vol.1 Cambridge M.A. Harvard University Press. 1996.
[3]. Sathiyasekwan B.W.C. Study of the Injured and the Pattern in Road Traffic Accidents. Indian J. Forensic. Sci. 1991; 5:63-68.
[4]. Balogun J.A. and Abereoje O.K. Pattern of Road Traffic Accident Cases in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital between l 987 and 1990. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1992; 95: 23-29.
[5]. Nantulya V.M,Reich, M.R.: The Neglected Epidemic: Road Traffic Injuries in Developing Countries. Brit Med J.2002; 324:1139-1141.

Abstract: Preeclampsia occurs after 20 weeks of gestation in previously normotensive pregnant women, characterized by blood pressure above 140/90 mm of Hg and proteinuria at least 300mg/24 hrs. causing damage to liver, kidney and other end organ. A study was undertaken to evaluate the serum concentration of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and uric Acid in preeclamptic women and the results were compared with that normal pregnant woman. The hospital based case control study consisting of two groups-case group(n=30),with women having preeclampsia and control group(n=30) with normal pregnant women were considered. Subjects in both the groups were of more than 20 weeks of gestation and age group 20-35 years .

[1]. E.J, Rocella, Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,183(1),2000,S1-S22.
[2]. WHO, Make every mother and child count, In :The World Health Report, 2005,Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization,2005
[3]. M.Noris, N.Perico and G. Remuzzi, Mechanisms of disease: Pre-eclampsia, Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology, 1(2),2005,Dec, 98-114.
[4]. J.Uzan, M.Carbonnel, O.Piconne, R.Asmar, Jean-Marc Ayoubi, Pre-eclampsia: Pathophyosiology, Diagnosis and Management, Journal of Vascular Health and Risk Management 2011:7,467-474.
[5]. G.A.Dekker and B.M. Sibai, Etiology and Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia : Current Concepts,Am.J.Obstet.Gynaecol., 179,1998, 1359-1375.

Abstract: A significant number of patients of all age groups are seen in Otorhinolaryngology having symptoms of vertigo. Further due to automobile accidents and changing life style pattern there is constant increase in the patients presenting with dizziness and imbalance at early age. This retrospective study was undertaken to study the prevalence of vertigo in different age groups, male and female ratio and the various Electronystagmography (ENG) parameters along with the identification of common butterfly patterns. The study group comprised of 300 patients from the data base presenting with dizziness, imbalance, rotational vertigo, unsteadiness as the chief complaint at ENT centre and vertigo clinic from January 2010 to December 2014.

[1]. C. F. Claussen, Butterfly chart for caloric nystagmus evaluation, Arch Otolaryngology, 96 1972, 371-375
[2]. M. V. Kirtane, Standardization in Electronystagmography, Indian Journal of Otolaryngology, 31(4), 1979, 126-131
[3]. R. K. Mundra, C. S. Anand, Study of ageing process on vestibular function, Indian Journal of Otolaryngology, 38(2) 1986, 75-76
[4]. A. Biswas, An introduction to neuro otology, 2nd edition, Bhalani pub, Mumbai, Kolkata. India 2006
[5]. C. F. Claussen, B. Kissingen, B. Franz, Contemporary & Practical Neurootology, (Special edition for Solvey Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Hans-Bockler-Allee 20, 30173 Hanover, Germany2006) 109-133
[6]. C. F. Claussen, J. V. Desa, Clinical study of human equilibrium by Electronystagmography and allied tests, Popular Prakashan Bombay 1978
[7]. M. V. Kirtane, S. N. Merchant, M. V. Ingle, K. L. Shah, Verbro-Basilar insufficiency as a cause of vertigo-myth or reality, Indian Journal of Otolaryngology, 38(1), 1986, 18-20

Abstract: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the endocrinal causes of infertility in women .Infertility affects 10-15% 0f couples 0f reproductive age groups and female factor is responsible for 40 – 50 %of cases , most common causes of female infertility are ovulatory dysfunction and thyroid hormone ,and estrogen ,progesterone ,and serum Prolactin dysfunction . Estimation of estrogens,progesterone and serum prolactin hormones useful in diagnosis the type of ovulatory dysfunction and useful in deciding the mode of treatment. The present study has been undertaken to evaluate hormone levels (estrogens,progesterone and serum prolactin) in ovulatory dysfunction cases of female infertility after elimination of PCOD.

[1]. Allan G. Gornal, Allan W.Luxton, Bhagu R. Bhavnani: Endocrine disorders. Applied Biochemistry of clinical Disorders, 2nd edition, 285-296.
[2]. Ann M. Gronowski; Mary Landau - Levine: Reproductive Endocrine Function, Tietz Textbook of clinical Chemistry, 3rd edition. 1606- 1626.
[3]. Ervin E. Jones, Stephen P. Boyers: Ovarian evaluation - Amenorrhea. Decision making in Infertility, 1st editil on 12- 21
[4]. Babek Imani et al: Ovulation induction in normogonadotropic infertility. Journal of clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol.83, No.7, 2361-2365.
[5]. Curcl:1od A. et al : Value and Limitations of FSH and LH assay in female sterility and amenorrhea. Schweiz Med Wochenschr, 31; 101 (30) : 1114 - 21.

Abstract: Fibrous dysplasia is a skeletal developmental anomaly of the bone- forming mesenchyme that manifests as a defect in osteoblastic differentiation and maturation. Virtually any bone in the body can be affected. It is a nonhereditary disorder of unknown cause. It may extend from monostotic lesion to a polystostic involvement. Hence here is a case where-in maxilla is involved with missing teeth and thus after surgical shaving and contouring, cast partial denture was fabricated for the good esthetic appearance in a 45 year old male patient.

Keywords: Fibrous Dysplasia, Cast partial denture, Monostotic type, Polystotic, Shaving.

[1]. Shubha C, Sujatha GP, Ashok L. Deforming bone disease: monostotic fibrous dysplasia of maxilla Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci 2014; 3(8): 358-364.
[2]. Canıtezer G, Gunduz K, Ozden B ,Kose HI. Monostotic fibrous dysplasia: a case report. Dentistry 2012: 3:2.
[3]. Ghambir G, Batra R, Sethi N, Bansal A. A rare case of recurrent fibrous dysplasia in an elderly patient, with a brief review of literature of monostotic fibrous dysplasia of maxilla. Indian Journal of Dental Sciences 2011:5(3). [4]. Maramattom BV. Leontiasis ossea and post traumatic cervical cord contusion in polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. Head & Face Medicine. 2006; 2 (1): 24.
[5]. Subramaniam AV, Subramaniam T, Sable D. International Journal of Biological & Pharmaceutical Research. 2014; 5(9): 768-773.

Abstract: Background: Dysplastic changes in megakaryocyte are well-recognized features of myelodysplastic syndrome. This study was done to understand the various megakaryocytic alterations including the dysplastic forms in hematological disorders presenting with thrombocytopenia other than in myelodysplastic syndrome. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 50 bone marrow aspirations in patients with thrombocytopenia was conducted for a period of 1 year from June,2014 to May,2015 in the Department Of Pathology, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat to assess the number & morphology of the megakaryocytes in non-MDS related thrombocytopenia.

[1]. Choudhary PK, Sing SK, Basnet R B :Study of megakaryocytes in patients with thrombocytopenia. J of Pathology of Nepal(2013);3:476-481.
[2]. Manas Muhury AMM, Rai S, Naik R, Pai MR, Sinha R. Megakaryocytic alterations in thrombocytopenia: A bone marrow aspiration study. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2009;52:490-4.
[3]. Shi XD HT, Feng YL, Liu R, Li JH, Chen J, Wang TY. A study on micromegakaryocyte in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Chinese journal of pediatrics 2004;42:192-5.
[4]. Tricot G, Vlietinck R, Boogaerts MA et al. Prognostic factors in the myelodysplastic syndromes: importance of initial data on peripheral blood counts, bone marrow cytology, trephine biopsy and chromosomal analysis. Br J Haematology 1985;60:19-32.
[5]. Tejinder S, Sonam S, Mridu M et al. Changes of megakaryocytes in cases of thrombocytopenia: Bone marrow aspiration & biopsy analysis. J Clin Diagn Res. Mar 2013; 7(3): 473-479.

Abstract: A cross sectional study on breastfeeding in Thiruvallur district showed overall prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) of 65.5% and 76% among the mothers in the semi urban area and 55%. in the rural village. EBF is higher (56 .5%) among mothers 25 years of age and above; 77.1% in Hindu mothers; 97.7% in lower income group. EBF was higher among those who had normal vaginal deliveries (66.4%) and those who had male babies it was (55.0%). Those who fed colostrum had an EBF prevalence of 99.2% and who did not give pre-lacteal feeds, women were breastfed their babies within one hour and Those who received breastfeeding awareness from healthcare professionals practiced EBF more .

[1]. T. E. Nkala and S. E. Msuya, "Prevalence and predictors of exclusive breastfeeding among women in Kigoma region, Western Tanzania: a community based cross-sectional study," International Breastfeeding Journal, vol. 6, article 17, 2011.
[2]. The World Health Organization's infant feeding recommendationAs stated in the Global strategy on infant and young child feeding (pdf, 192kb)(WHA55 A55/15, http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/infantfeeding_recommendation/en/ [3]. http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/index_24824.html
[4]. T. E. Nkala and S. E. Msuya, "Prevalence and predictors of exclusive breastfeeding among women in Kigoma region, Western Tanzania: a community based cross-sectional study," International Breastfeeding Journal, vol. 6, article 17, 2011.
[5]. C. E. Cherop, A. G. Keverenge-Ettyang, and G. M. Mbagaya, "Barriers to exclusive breastfeeding among infants aged 0–6 months in Eldoret municipality, Kenya," East African Journal of Public Health, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 69–72, 2009.
[6]. S. Akter and M. M. Rahman, "Duration of breastfeeding and its correlates in Bangladesh," Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 595–601, 2010.

Abstract: Background: Alopecia areata is a common autoimmune disease encountered in daily clinical practice, where many topical and systemic therapies had been advocated. Lactic acid had been used as a topical therapy for many dermatoses. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of intralesional 1% lactic acid solution in treatment of patchy alopecia areata in comparison with standard mode of therapy like intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension. Patients and Methods: This interventional ,case controlled , single blinded, comparative, therapeutic study conducted in Department of Dermatology. Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq between December 2011 and July 2013.

[1]. Berker DR, Messenger AG and Sinclair RD. Disorders of hair. In: Tony Burns, Stephen Breathnach, Neil Cox and Christopher Griffiths (eds) Rook Wilkinson Textbook of Dermatology,8th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 2010; 66.31 -66.32.
[2]. James WD, Berger TG, and Elston DM. Diseases of the skin appendages. In: Andrews' Diseases of the Skin Clinical Dermatology, 11th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. 2011; 741-743.
[3]. Sperling LS, Sinclair RDand El Shabrawi-Caelen L. Alopecias .In Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL and Schaffer JV. DERMATOLOGY, 3rd ed., Spain: Mosby Elsevier 2012; 69:1100-03.
[4]. Habif TP. Hair diseases. In: Clinical Dermatology, A color guide to diagnosis and therapy. 5th ed. Mosby Inc. Toronto. 2009; 24: 932-35.
[5]. Paus R, Olsen EA, and Messenger AG. Hair growth disorders. In: Wolff K, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ. (eds.). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine 7th ed. New York, McGraw Hill Book Company 2008; 86: 753-77.

Abstract: We describe the peri-operative management of a patient with Crigler-Najjar Syndrome type 2, who presents with acute cholecystitis and undergoes open cholecystectomy. We review the pathophysiology of this disease as well as the enzyme defect responsible; we highlight the important management principles during the pre- and postoperative period; and with the knowledge of the metabolic pathways involved and using applied drug pharmacokinetics we describe an anaesthetic technique that prevents further biochemical derangement in this condition.

Keywords: Crigler-Najjar Syndrome, Remifentanil, TAP Block, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1:

[1]. Chalasani N, Chowdhury NR, Chowdhury JR, Boyer TD. Kernicterus in an adult who is heterozygous for Crigler-Najjar syndrome and homozygous for Gilbert-type genetic defect. Gastroenterology, .112(6), 1997, 2099-103.
[2]. Prager MC, Johnson KL, Ascher NL, Roberts JP. Anesthetic care of patients with Crigler-Najjar syndrome. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 74(1), 1992, 162-4.
[3]. Robards C, Brull SJ. The anesthetic implications of Crigler-Najjar syndrome. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 104(2), 2007, 435-6.
[4]. Namasivayam SP, Saranya J, MohamedAshiq M, Kalaiselvi VS. A case of Inherited Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia foran incidental surgery: Anesthetic management and Review. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 1, 2013, 17-20.
[5]. Younossi ZM, Foroozan P. Treatment of Crigler-Najjar type II with small-dose phenobarbital. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 40(3), 1995, 575.

Abstract: In the practice of removable prosthodontics much attention is given to the preservation of residual ridge.1 Preservation of remaining teeth, thereby preserving alveolar ridge integrity and proprioceptive ability of periodontium. It also has positive psychologic effect on patient.2 Here we report a case of 52 year old female patient with remaining five teeth in maxillary arch and three teeth in mandibular arch undergone root canal treatment in three maxillary and mandibular teeth and was restored with Hybrid complete denture. Keywords: Hybrid denture, Cu-sil denture, Overdenture, telescopic denture.

[1]. Selectively retained vital roots for partial support of overdenture:Samuel.E.Guyer, J. Prosthet. Dent.March 1975;33:3:258-63
[2]. Saving one is better than none- Technique for Cusil like Denture- Case report 2011.3.1.2.1.Annals and essence of dentistry.
[3]. Tooth-supported complete dentures: An approach to preventive prosthodontics Robert M. Morrow, lieutenant Colonel J.Prosthet.Dent May 1969;21:5:513-22
[4]. Telescope dentures, Morton L.Perel J.Prosthet.Dent.February,1973;Vol:29:2:151-56

Abstract: The results of clinical and X – ray monitoring in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty, in background of subcompensated bone metabolism had been analyzed . Studied the efficacy of zoledronic acid in combination with calcium and active metabolites of vitamin D3. Studied objective parameters of functional activity, the subjective perception of life quality, as well as quantitative parameters of X – ray monitoring. It is noted that short courses of antiresorptive therapy effectively influence the parameters of functional activity and quality of life.

Keywords: hip arthroplasty, bone metabolism, antiresorptive therapy, bone mineral density, osteoarthritis of the hip.

[1]. Mironov SP [and others] The method of pharmacological correction of metabolic bone for better results hip replacement // Osteoporosis and osteopathy - 2006 - № 3. On 44 - 47.
[2]. Rodionova SS [And others] The effect of alendronate in combination with alfacalcidol on the formation of the biological stability of the femoral endoprosthesis in patients with systemic osteoporosis // Osteoporosis and osteopathy. - 2013. - №1.- S.24-28.
[3]. Minasov TB The effectiveness of combination therapy of postmenopausal osteoporosis with dual action preparations / TB Minasov B.SH Minasov // Traumatology and orthopedics Russia. - 2011. - №4. - C 92-94.
[4]. Samoday, Gubanov AV Prevention of post-traumatic osteoarthritis in an outpatient setting. Vestrnik Experimental and Clinical Surgery. VOLUME V, №2, 2012.
[5]. Tikhilov RM, et al. Experience with tapered femoral component Wagner in hip arthroplasty. Traumatology and orthopedics Russia 1 (48) in 2008.

Abstract: PreeOcular trauma can be a devastating injury in children and may cause lifelong disability. More than one third of eye injuries occur in pediatric age group. In general children are more susceptible to eye injuries because of their immature motor skill and their tendency to imitate adult behaviour without evaluating risks.1 Serious ocular trauma gives rise to irrevocable structural damage or functional loss which imposes an enduring burden throughout the most productive years of life 2. Patients suffer from severe initial anxiety,major changes in career opportunities,changes in life style,impaired quality of life,economic setbacks and sometimes permanent disability and disfigurement.

[1]. Thordarson U, Ragnasson AT, Gudbrandson B. ocular trauma observations in 105 patients. Acta opthal(copenh) 1979 oct ;57(5);922-928.
[2]. Robert JC. The burden of serious ocular injury Br journal opthal 1996;80;585.
[3]. Sternberg P Jr, DeJuan E Jr, Michals RG. Penetrating ocular injuries in young patients: initial injuries and visual results. Retina 1984; 4: 5-8.
[4]. Abeba Bejiga. Causes and visual outcomes of perforating ocular injuries among Ethiopian patients. Community Eye Health 2001; 14(39): 45-46.
[5]. Jao uni ZM, O Sheaja. Civilian eye casualities in east Jerusalem and occupied territories . Med Confl surviv 1996;12:138-148.

Abstract: Ectodermal dysplasia is a genetic disorder in which there are congenital birth abnormalities of 2 or more ectodermal structures. The treatment options for patient with ectodermal dysplasia varies depending on the age, degree of malformation of teeth, no of teeth present and the growth and development of the stomatognathic system. This case report discusses the prosthodontics rehabilitation of young patient with ectodermal dysplasia with acces post over denture .

Keywords- Access post system, Ectodermal Dysplasia, Prosthetic rehabilitation, Overdenture.

[1]. Hickey AJ,Vergo T J, Prosthetic treatments for patients with ectodermal dysplasia J Prosthet Dent 2001;86:364-8.
[2]. Pinheiro M, Freire-Maia N (1994) Ectodermal dysplasias: a clinical classification and a casual review. Am J Med Genet 53:153–162
[3]. Bonilla ED, Guerra L, Luna O (1997) Overdenture prosthesis for oral rehabilitation of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: a case report. Quintessence Int 28(10):657–661
[4]. Pigno MA, Blackman RB, Cronin RJ, Cavazos E (1996) Prosthodontic management of ectodermal dysplasia: a review of theliterature. J Prosthet Dent 76:541–545
[5]. Nowak A J, Dental treatment for patients with ectodermal dysplasia. Birth Defects 1988;24: 243-52.

Abstract: Fixed partial denture with all rigid connectors is less than ideal treatment plan for a 5 unit fixed partial denture involving pier abutment. Tooth movements in divergent directions create stresses, that are transferred to the abutments & cause failure of the weaker retainer as the pier abutment act as a fulcrum. Thus the use of non rigid connector in case of pier abutment is recommended. It transfers shear stresses to supporting bone & permits abutments to move independently. This case report presents a simple method to rehabilitate pier abutment cases using customized semi precision attachments.

[1]. Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms. 8th edition. J Prosthet Dent 2005; 94: 11-95.
[2]. Savion I, Saucier C, Rues S, Sadan A, Blatz M. The pier abutment: Review of literature and a suggested mathematical model. Quintessance Int 2006; 37:345-52.
[3]. Parikh et al. Precisive means to manage pier abutments. EJDTR, 2013:3:160-166.
[4]. Rosenstiel SF, Land MF, Fujimoto J (2006) Contemporary fixed prosthodontics 4th edition.Pg 673-93.
[5]. Shillingburg HT Jr, Fisher DW (1973) Nonrigid connectors for fixed partial dentures. J Am Dent Assoc 87: 1195-99.
[6]. Prince Kumar, Vishal Singh1, Roshni Goel, Harkanwal P Singh. Non rigid connector in fixed partial dentures with pier abutment: An enigma simplified. Int J Health & Allied Sci 2012; 1:190-3.

Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis and HIV are major public health problems in Nigeria and preventing the transmission of TB in health care settings will reduce the burden of the disease in the country. This study assesses the implementation of TB infection control measures in health facilities providing HIV and TB services in Enugu state, Nigeria.

[1]. Global Tuberculosis Report 2014. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2014 (WHO/HTM/TB/2014.11). Accessed on 5th Feb 2015 at: http:// apps.who.int/
[2]. Federal Ministry of Health. National tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme (NTBLCP). Workers manual revised 5th edition, 2010: 1-15
[3]. Federal Ministry of Health. National HIV seroprevalence sentinel survey among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Nigeria. Technical report. Abuja, Federal Ministry of Health, 2010: 1-15
[4]. Corbett E et al. The growing burden of tuberculosis: global trends and interactions with the HIV epidemic. Archives of Internal Medicine, 2003, 163:1009-1021.
[5]. Mollicoti P, Bua A, ZanettiS.Cost-effectiveness in the diagnosis of tuberculosis: choices in developing countries.J infect Dev Ctries, 2014, 8 (1):024-038

Abstract: Background & Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the findings on clinical evaluation with those on arthroscopy to determine the accuracy of clinical methods for specific types of knee lesion. Methodology: 25 Patients presenting to Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Dept. of Orthopaedics with complaints of knee pain, in whom a clinical evaluation was followed by a diagnostic arthroscopy by a Consulting surgeon will be evaluated pre-operatively and the results assessed post operatively.

[1]. Dandy PJ, Jackson M. The impact of arthroscopy on the management of knee disorders. J Bone Joint surgery 1975,57(B);346-362.
[2]. Ireland ST, Trickey P.J. Arthroscopy and Arthrography of the knee. J Bone joint Surgery 1980, 62(B);3-6.
[3]. McMurray TP. The Semilunar cartilages Br. J Surg 1941;29:407.
[4]. Apley AG. The diagnosis of meniscus injuries: Some new clinical methods. J Bone Joint Surg 1929;29B:78.
[5]. Curran WP Jr, Woodward. Arthroscopy, its role in the diagnosis and treatment of athletic knee injuries Am J, sports medicine 1980,8:415.

Abstract: Introduction: Viruses are implicated in the etiopathogenesis of malignancies. There is a high risk of reactivation of latent viral infections in persons with HMs. The sero-prevalence of some of these virus has not been reported in our environment. Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV in subjects with HMs; to establish if any its association with specific HMs and blood transfusion history. Method: This is an ambispective study conducted at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. Fifty one patients with HMs were recruited for this study. Data on demographics, daignosis of HMs and transfusion history was obtained with an interviewer administered questionnaire. Sample was collected and analyzed for HBV, HCV and HIV status using rapid kit tests. Results were analyzed with SPSS version 16.

[1]. Swerdlow SH. Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, et al. WHO classification of the tumours of the haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. 4 ed. 2008. Lyon, France: IARC Press. ISBN – 10 8283224310.
[2]. Zerbini MCN, Soares FA, Velloso EDRP, Chaufaille MF, Paes RP. World Heallth Organization classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, 4th edition, 2008- major changes from the 3rd edition, 2001. Rev Assoc Med Bras 2011; 57(1): 66 – 73.
[3]. National Cancer Intelligence Network. Cancer Incidence and Mortality by Cancer Network, UK, 2008, Available at: www.ncin.org.uk
[4]. Westlake S (2009) Cancer incidence and mortality in the United Kingdom and constituent countries, 2004–06. Health Statistics Quarterly/Office for National Statistics: 56–62
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Abstract: evaluate the utility of trans rectal ultrasound with power Doppler imaging guided biopsy in comparison with grey scale imaging in the detection of prostate cancer, 10 core biopsy being the reference standard

[1]. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al: Cancer statistics, 2006. CA Cancer J Clin 2006; 56:106-130
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[3]. Chu KC, Tarone RE, Freeman HP: Trends in prostate cancer mortality among black men and white men in the United States. Cancer 2003; 97:1507
[4]. Ercole CJ, Lange PH, Mathiesen M, et al: Prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase in the monitoring and staging of patients with prostatic cancer. J Urol 1987; 138:1181
[5]. Robles JM, Morell AR, Redorta JP, et al: Clinical behavior of prostatic specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase: A comparative study. Eur Urol 1988; 14:360

Abstract: Background: C- reactive protein has been known as a highly sensitive but non-specific marker for acute inflammation. The pattern of CRP response in trauma patients has not been evaluated in our environment. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the serial serum level of high sensitivity C- reactive protein (h-sCRP) in patients with trauma. Methods: This is a longitudinal study conducted at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty patients with traumatic injuries were recruited at the accident and emergency unit of UBTH and 30 apparently healthy individuals as controls. A structured questionnaire was administered to all subjects to obtain demographics, injury type, tissue involvement and interventions. Samples were collected from participants for estimation of h-sCRP on days 1, 3, and 8. hsCRP was analyzed using an ELISA method. Results were analyzed with SPSS 16. P value was set at 0.05.

[1]. Nadar Rifai and Russel Warnick: Lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and other cardiovascular risk factors. In Tietz Textbook of Clinical chemistry and molecular diagnosis. 4th ed. Carl Burtis, Edward Ashwood, David Bruns. Elsevier Inc. New Delhi. 2006; 962 – 963.
[2]. Pritchett JW. C–reactive protein levels determine the severity of soft tissue injuries. Am J. Orthop. 1996 ; 25: 759-761.
[3]. Gupta R, Singh S, Soni M. C- reactive protein as an indicator of sepsis in orthopedic trauma. India J Med Sci. 2002; 56: 501-507.
[4]. El Hassan BS, Peak JD, Wicher JT, Shepherd J. Acute phase protein levels as an index of severity of physical injury. Int J Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 1990; 19: 346 – 349.
[5]. Gumanenko EK, Nemchenko NS, Boyarin. Tsev VV, Nikiforenko AV, Pavlenko AN, Rud AA. C- reactive protein in severe trauma not complicated and complicated by sepsis. Vestnik Hirurgii im. I.I Grekova. 2005; 164(5): 55-59.
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Abstract: Introduction: Community Health Workers (CHWs) have been utilised for various primary health care activities in different settings especially in developing countries. Usually when utilised in well defined terms, they have a positive impact. Objectives: The overall objective of this study was to undertake a cost effect analysis of utilising CHWs in tuberculosis (TB) management.

[1]. Newell J, Baral S, Pande S, Bam D, Malla P, Family-member DOTS and community DOTS for tuberculosis control in Nepal: cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 367, 2006, 903-909.
[2]. Brownstein J, Lee R, Dennison C, Hill M, Kim M, Levine D, Community Health Workers as Interventionists in the Prevention and Control of Heart Disease and Stroke. Am J Prev Med, 29(5S1), 2005,128–133.
[3]. Friedman I, In Community Based Health Worker (SAHR The SEED Trust, Health Programme, 2002).
[4]. Dick J, Murray E, Botha E, Operations Research Results; The Effectiveness of TB DOTS Supporters in South Africa. (Quality Assurance Project. USAID, 2005).
[5]. Lehmann U, Friedman I, Sanders D, Review of the Utilisation and Effectiveness of Community health workers in Africa. A Joint Learning Initiative. (Human Resources for Health and Development, Working Paper 4-1, 2004).

Abstract: We report a complication that occurred when using a frova intubating introducer to assist placement of a Mallinckrodt double lumen tube (DLT) in a patient undergoing oesphagectomy. The non compatibility of this commonly used airway device with the DLT resulted in plastic shavings from the introducer contaminating the patients bronchial tree. All fragments of plastic were retrieved and the patient suffered no harm as a result.

[1]. Vlachtsis H, Veltman M. Shearing of a Frova Intubating Introducer by a Bronchocath double lumen tube. Anaesthesia 2006; 61: 197-98.
[2]. Huitink JM, Bisschops M. A complication with an intubating introducer and a double-lumen tube: tip of the iceberg? Anaesthesia 2012; 67: 926-27.

Abstract: Background: Melasma is a major cosmetic problem affecting young people mainly females. There are many modalities of topical therapy but no one was uniformly effective. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 6% lactic acid cream in comparison with 10% zinc sulfate cream in the treatment of melasma. Patients and Methods: This interventional, single-blinded, comparative, out patients study conducted in the Department of Dermatology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Baghdad ,Iraq during the period from March 2012 to October 2013. Seventy patients were enrolled but only 47 patients completed the study including both the treatment and follow-up periods. They were divided in to 2 groups

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[6]. Ditre CM. Exfoliants: AHAs and BHAs. In: Draelos ZD (eds). Procedures in Cosmetic Dermatology Series: Cosmeceuticals. Saunders Company, 2005;16: 111-118.

Abstract: Introduction: Inflammation has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. The inflammatory basis of breast cancer has not been evaluated in our environment. Objective: The purpose of this present study is to compare the level of some systemic inflammation markers in patients with breast cancer to those of apparently healthy populace in Benin City, Nigeria.

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[5]. Fleming JS, Beaugie CR, Haviv I, Chenevix-Trench G, Tan OL. Incessant ovulation, inflammation and epithelial ovarian carcinogenesis; revisiting old hypothesis. Mol cell Endocrinol 2006; 247:4-21.

Abstract: The development of radiopharmaceuticlesand evolution of nuclear medicine instrumentation often go hand in hand. There are many examples throughout the history of nuclear medicine where discoveries in one technology have driven discoveries in the other. The major limitation of nuclear imaging is limited resolution power to define precise anatomical location of diseases. To overcome this limitation, the molecular and functional imaging provided by PET and the anatomical imaging provided by CT, have been merged into hybrid imaging using combined scanners such as PET/CT and SPECT. These hybrid modalities allow in single diagnostic procedure and combined evaluation of function.

Keyword: nuclear imaging,PET, radiopharmaceuticles,SPECT, technologies.

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Abstract: Stroke is a neurological emergency. It is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide leaving either temporary or permanent disability on survivors. Urinary incontinence is a common consequence of acute stroke and correlates with poor outcome and depression in both carer and stroke survivors. Urinary incontinence occurring within 7days after a stroke is a strong prognostic factor for poor survival than a reduced level of consciousness during the period of admission with serious disability and considerable influence on discharge destination.

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Abstract: Objective:To identify and Quantify mast cells and Evaluate its localization in different oral reactive lesions. Material And Method:10 cases of each diagnosed reactive lesions were retrieved from the Departmental archives, which included pyogenic granuloma, irritational fibroma peripheral ossifying fibroma and peripheral giant cell granuloma. Confirmed cases were stained with 1% toluidine blue for mast cells. The mast cells were then counted under 40X magnification and was compared between the study groups.

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Abstract: With the advancing of civilization demand for electricity generation increases gradually. Coal-fired thermal power plants are the major contributors of electricity. Among power plants, coal-fired power plants produce most serious air pollution. Children are more susceptible to it. Therefore this study was planned to assess the pulmonary health status of school going boys aged 7-15 years living in the vicinity of thermal power plant. Subjects were divided into two groups: experimental(living within 5km radius from power plant) and control ( living more than 25km away from power plant) group.

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