iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2015

Abstract: Giant fibroadenoma are benign tumors, but there rapid growth and large size may determine difficulties in their work up. We present a case of giant juvenile fibroadenoma of breast in girl of 16 years of age with its diagnostic workup and management. The diagnosis was made on FNAC which was confirmed by Histopathology report.

[1]. Raganoonan C, Fairbain JK, Williams S, Hughes LE. Giant breasttumours of adolesence. Aust NZ J Surg. 1987; 57:243-7.
[2]. Bauer BS, jones KM, Talbot CW. Mammary mass in the adolescent female. Surg gynecol Obstet. 1987; 165:63-5.
[3]. Nikumbh DB, Desai SR, Madan PS, Patil NJ, Wader JV. Bilateral giant fibroadenomas of breast: A case report. Patholog Res Int. 2011:482046. Epub 2011 May 30.
[4]. Rattan K, Kumar S, Dhull AK, Kaushal V, Kaur P. Giant Fibroadenoma Mimicking Phyllodes Tumor in a Young Female: A Cytological Dilemma. The Internet Journal of Third World Medicine 2008; 6:2.

Keywords: XerodermaPigmentosum(XP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by photosensitivity, pigmentary changes, premature skin ageing and marked increase in risk of developing malignant neoplasms of the skin and eyes. Here we present case of a sibling, 8 years old boy and 6 year old girl (Figure. 1). Girl had developed squamous cell carcinoma of left eye.

Keywords: XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM, PHOTOSENSTIVITY, SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

[1]. Butt FM, Moshi JR, Owibingire S, Chindia ML (2010) Xerodermapigmentosum: a review and case series. J CraniomaxillofacSurg 38: 534-537.
[2]. Rao TN, Bhagyalaxmi A, Ahmed K, Mohana Rao TS, Venkatachalam K (2009) A case of melanoma in xerodermapigmentosum. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 52: 524-526.
[3]. Webb S (2008) Xerodermapigmentosum. BMJ 336: 444-446.
[4]. Lehmann AR, McGibbon D, Stefanini M (2011) Xerodermapigmentosum. Orphanet J Rare Dis 6: 70.
[5]. Genetics home reference (2010) Xerodermapigmentosum. A seminar of US national library.

Abstract: The present study aims to find significant association of serum calcium and serum uric acid levels in women with preeclampsia. METHOD: Fifty (50) preeclamptic women (cases) and forty (40) normal pregnant women (controls) were included in the study to compare serum calcium and serum uric acid levels among them. RESULTS: The serum calcium level in preeclamptic women was significantly lower with 7.74 + 0.84 mg/dL when compared to normal pregnant women with 9.35 + 0.83 mg/dL with a statistically significant 'p' value of < 0.001. The serum uric acid in preeclamptic women was significantly higher with 6.22+ 0.62 mg/dL when compared to healthy pregnant women with 4.26 + 0.85 mg/dL with a statistically significant 'p' value of <0.001.CONCLUSION:Hypocalcemia and hyperuricemia are associated with preeclampsia.

Keywords - Serum calcium, serum uric acid, preeclampsia.

[1]. ACOG practice bulletin. Diagnosis and management of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Number 33, January 2002. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 99: 159-67.
[2]. Eiland, Elosha; Nzerue,Chike; Faulkner, Marquetta (2012). "Preeclampsia 2012".Journal of pregnancy 2012: 1-7.
[3]. "Hypetension in pregnancy. Report of the American college of obstetricians and Gynacologists Task force on Hypertension in pregnancy." Obstet Gynecol.122(5): 1122-31.Nov 2013.
[4]. Golmohammad lou S, Amirabi A, Yazdian M, Pashapour N. Evaluation of serum calcium, Magnesium, Copper and Zinc levels in woman with preeclampsia. Iran J Med sci December 2008; 33(4):231-234.
[5]. Maesak JK, Fishbane S: Regulation of renal urate excretion: A Critical review. Am J Kidney Dis 32: 917-933, 1998.

Abstract:1. Detection and characterization of focal liver lesions.
2. Differentiation of benign from malignant liver lesions.
3. Differentiation of liver metastasis from primary liver lesions.
4. To compare respiratory triggered diffusion weighted single shot echo planar imaging (RT DW-SS-EPI) and T2 weighted turbo spin echo imaging (T2W TSE).
5. To determine apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of focal liver lesions and normal liver parenchyma.

[1]. Demir Öİ, Obuz F, Sağol Ö , Dicle O. Contribution of diffusion-weighted MRI to the differential diagnosis of hepatic masses. DiagnInterv Radiol.2007; 13:81-86.
[2]. Kele P,Van der Jagt, E.World J Gastroenterol. 2010 April 7; 16(13): 1567–1576.
[3]. Stejskal EO, Tanner JE. Spin diffusion measurements: spin echoes in the presence of a time-dependent field gradient. J ChemPhys 1965;42:288–292.
[4]. Le Bihan D et al. MR imaging of intravoxel incoherent motions: application to diffusion and perfusion in neurologic disorders. Radiology 1986;161:401–407.
[5]. Taouli B, Koh DM. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the liver. Radiology 2010 Jan;254(1):47-66.
[6]. Kilickesmez O, Bayramoglu S, Inci E, Cimilli T. Value of apparent diffusion coefficient measurement for discrimination of focal benign and malignant hepatic masses. J Med Imaging RadiatOncol. 2009 Feb;53(1):50-5.
[7]. Miller, F.H., Hammond, N., Siddiqi, A.J., Shroff, S., Khatri, G., Wang, Y., Merrick, L.B. and Nikolaidis, P. Utility of diffusion-weighted MRI in distinguishing benign and malignant hepatic lesions. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 2010;32: 138–147.

Abstract:The success of prosthetic treatment not only is predicted by dentist ability but also on the ability to relate to patients and to understand their needs. There are many esthetic consequences of edentulism, among which facial disfigurement due to sunken appearance of cheeks and lips has a greater negative psychological impact on the individual.This article focuses on simple, effective and a noninvasive method for restoring the drooping facial musculature by incorporating intraoral detachable magnet retained cheek plumpers using close field magnets .The use of these detachable magnet-retained cheeks plumping appliance is a modification from conventional technique of supporting the slumped tissue.

Keywords: Denture, Esthetics, Cheek Lifting Appliance, Masticatory Function, Magnet Retained Cheek Plumpers.

[1]. Deogade SC. Magnet Retained Cheek Plumper in Complete Denture Esthetics: A Case Report. J Dent (Tehran). 2014 Jan; 11(1): 100–105.
[2]. Mishra P, Mantri SS, Deogade S, Gupta P.Denture Esthetics: There is more than teeth replacement.IOSR-JDMS.2014;13(9):65-67
[3]. Kamakshi V., AnehosurGV.,Nadiger R K. Magnet Retained Cheek Plumper to Enhance Denture Esthetics: Case Reports. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2013 Sep; 13(3): 378–381
[4]. Keni NN, Aras MA ,Chitre V. Customised Attachments Retained Cheek Plumper Prosthesis: A Case Report. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2012 Sep; 12(3): 198–200.
[5]. Chandra S , Devi M P, Ravindra S V, Singh D, Kumar S. Botoxonomics: A Palliative Prick.International Journal of Scientific Study.2014 ;2 (6):108-11

Abstract:Excessive gingival display and gingival hyper-pigmentation are major concerns for a large number of patients visiting the dentist. This problem is aggravated in patients with a "gummy smile" or excessive gingival display while smiling. The case presented is with a similar complaint , and the procedure used had shown stable and significant outcome through a conservative approach. Two stage procedure was done. First stage, surgical crown lengthening along with de-pigmentation using diode laser followed by second stage surgical lip re-positioning to reduce the excessive gingival display. This technique can be considered as an alternative treatment modality in aesthetic satisfaction.

[1]. Garber DA, Salama MA . The aesthetic smile: Diagnosis and treatment. Periodontol 2000 1996;11:18‑28
[2]. Tjan AH, Miller GD, The JG. Some esthetic factors in a smile. J Prosthet Dent 1984;51:24‑8
[3]. Dong J. K., Jin T. H., Cho H.W, Oh S.C. The esthetics of the smile: a review of some recent studies. Int J Prosthodont 1999; 12:9-19.
[4]. Peck S, Peck L, Kataja M. The gingival smile line. Angle Orthod 1992;62:91-100
[5]. Stanley J.N, Major M.A .Orofacial complex:Form and Function.In : John.J.Dalton,editor.Wheeler's Dental Anatomy, Physiology and Occlusion, 9th ed. Philadelphia : Elsevier Publishing; 2010. p . 82- 90.
[6]. Maynard JG , Wilson RD. Physiologic dimensions of the periodontium significant to the restorative dentist. J Periodontol 1979;50:170‑4.

Abstract:Fabrication of complete denture is an art but through understanding of science behind its each aspect is utmost important. Complete denture not only restores the lost tissues and function but also speech. Each step in making of complete denture has a significant effect on speech and patients overall personality in society. This article describes these aspects of complete denture construction and their effect on speech production.

Keywords - Speech, Denture thickness, Phonetic, Pronunciation, Posterior palatal seal, Vertical dimension.

[1]. Zarb bolender; prosthodontic treatment for edentulous patients; Elsevier publication; 12th edition; 379-387
[2]. Fenn,H.R.B.:Clinical Dental Prosthetic. Cap.X pp 272-278 Staples Press. London N.Y 1953.
[3]. Kessler, H.E.: Phonetics in denture construction, J.A.D.A. 54:347-351, 1957.
[4]. AlIen, L.R. (1958) improved phonetics in denture construction. J. Prosth. Dent., 8:753-763.
[5]. Martone, A L., and J.W. Block, 1962, the phenomenon of function in complete denture prosthodontics; an approach to prosthodontics through speech science, J. Prosth. Dent. Part 4, 12: 409-419, part 5, 12: 629-636.
[6]. Christoph runte; the influence of maxillary central incisor position in complete denture on /s/ sound production; JPD 2001; 85; 485-95.

Abstract:Today, man is judged not only by what he says, but equally by the way he says it. Proper speech is a reflection of education, careless speech is an imputation of slovenliness, and faulty speech is a handicap directly proportionate to the degree of speech incapability. Proper speech comprehension is possible only after correct understanding of its neurophysiology, components & types. These aspects of speech is discussed in detail in this article which will help the feternity in treating the speech problems and providing better treatment.

Keywords: Speech, Sound, Vocal cords, Broca's area, Wernickes area.

[1]. Zarb GA, Bolender CL, Eckert SE, Jacob RF, Fenton AH, Mericske-Stern R. Prosthodontic Treatment for Edentulous Patients. 12th ed., Mosby; 2004. p. 379- 87.
[2]. Sharry John J. Complete Denture Prosthodontics. 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company;1974. p. 130-48.
[3]. Tachimura T, Nohara K, Hara H, Wada T. Effect of placement of a speech appliance
[4]. on levator veli palatini muscle activity during blowing. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1999; 36:224-32.
[5]. Chaudhuri; concise medical physiology; 3rd edition; 542-543.
[6]. Rothman R. Phonetic considerations in denture prostheses. L. Prosthet. Dent. 1961; 11:214-23

Abstract:Universal use of stethoscope for examination of patients by health care personnel makes it a potential source for spread of nosocomial infection. A cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care centre of Eastern Bengal during August-September 2013 to find out incidence and spectrum of bacterial contamination of stethoscopes and knowledge, attitude and practice about cleaning of stethoscopes of health care providers. After getting informed consent, stethoscopes of 100 health care providers were sampled. An anonymous study questionnaire was used to obtain information regarding stethoscope cleaning habits and knowledge of the medical practitioners.

[1]. Sanders S.The stethoscope and cross-infection. British J Gen Pract 2003;53: 971-972.
[2]. Madar R, Novakova E, Baska T.The role of non-critical health-care tools in the transmission of nosocomial infections. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2005; 106: 348-350
[3]. Whittington AM, Whitlow G, Hewson D, Thomas C, Brett S J.Bacterial contamination of stethoscopes on intensive care unit.Anaesthesia2009; 64: 620-624
[4]. Jarvis WR. Selected aspects of the socioeconomic impact of nosocomial infection: morbidity, mortality, cost and prevention. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1996; 17: 552-557
[5]. Bernard L, Kereveur A , Durand D, Gonot J, Goldstein F, Mainardi J L et al. Bacterial Contamination of Hospital Physicians' Stethoscopes. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 1999; Vol. 20(9): 626- 628

Abstract:Worldwide breast lumps are a common cause of concern for patients as well as for clinicians. Throughout the world relatively few studies are conducted on benign breast diseases as compared to reporting rates of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to characterize the breast lumps seen in Mauritian women and to establish the correlation between clinical features of breast lumps and their pathological diagnosis. This study was reported for the first time from Republic of Mauritius. Totally 95 women with breast lumps were studied at a tertiary teaching hospital in Mauritius between 2010 and 2012. 26 women were less than 30 years of age and rest were above 30. Majority discovered the lump by themselves and more than 80% presented to the care provider after 4 weeks.

[1]. Hunt KK, Newman LA, Copeland EM et al. The breast. in: Schwartz's principles of surgery, 9 (McGraw Hill -2010) 423-74.
[2]. Sankaranarayanan R. Strategies for implementation of screening programs in low- and medium-resource settings. UICC World Cancer Congress, 8 - 12 July 2006, Washington DC, USA.
[3]. Martin A M, Weber BL. Genetic and hormonal risk factors in breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst, 92(14), 2000. 1126-35.
[4]. Mittra I, Baum M, Thornton H et al. Is breast examination an acceptable alternative to mammographic screening? British Medical Journal, 21, 2003, 1071-73.
[5]. Austoker J. east self- examination does not prevent deaths due to breast cancer, but breast awareness is still important. British Medical Journal, 326, 2003, 1-2.
[6]. Raju GC, Jankey N, Naraynsingh V. Breast disease in young West Indian women: an analysis of 1051 consecutive cases. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 61,1985, 977-78.

Abstract:Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy is an uncommon condition,however the incidence of the same is now on an increase.Due to severity of complications,it is important to diagnose scar pregnancy as early and as accurately as possible.There are no ideal management options available and management also depends upon various factors like severity of symptoms,medical condition of the patient,desire to preserve fertility,gestational age and surgical experience.

[1]. Seow K M,Huang L W,Lin Y H,Yan-Sheng Lin M,Tsai Y L,Hwang J L.Cesarean scar pregnancy:Issues in management.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2004;23:247-53
[2]. Lad N L,Lad N N.Laparoscopic management of scar ectopic pregnancy.Fertil Sci Res 2014;1:54-5
[3]. Jurkovic D,Hillaby K,Woelfer B,Lawrence A,Salim R,Elson C J.First trimester diagnosis and management of pregnancies implanted into the lower uterine caesarean section scar.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003;21:220-7
[4]. Rotas M A ,Haberman S,Levgur M.Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancies:Etiology,diagnosis and management.Obstet Gynecol 2006;107: 1373-81
[5]. O Graesslin,F Dedecker Jr,C Quereux,R Gabriel.Conservative treatment of ectopic pregnancy in a cesarean scar.Obstet and Gynecol 2005;vol.105,no.4:869-871

Abstract:Aim: The aim of this review is to analysis the chronic pain condition that affect Trigeminal Nerve. Objective:The objective of this will be to study the chronic facial pain which usually Immediate obvious to a person. Background:Trigeminal Neuralgia, a neuropathic disorder of the trigeminal nerves, occurs most often in people over age 50. It has been described as among the most Painful conditions to human kind.The basic symptoms and causes will be reviewed The extreme,sporadic, sudden burning or shock like face pain in common activities greatly lowers quality of life. The precise cause of primary TrigeminalNeuralgia remains unknown, but it may be caused by vascular pressing ontrigeminal nerves in its root entry zone (REZ), demyelinization of trigeminalsensory fibres, or jawbone cavity

[1]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal
[2]. Pihut.M, Szuta.M, Zeckzat-Wieckiewicz.D. Differential diagnostic of pain in the coarse of trigeminal neuralgia and temporomandibular joint.Biomed Rest int :2014:563789
[3]. Li C, Jiang XZ, Zhao YF. Connection of trigeminal nerve and facial nerve branches and its clinical significance. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue, 2009 Oct: 18(5):545-50
[4]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal_nerve
[5]. Ceena Denny E, JeenaPriya K, RavikiranOngole. Trigeminal Neuralgia : Current concepts in the medical management.

Abstract:Aim: To compare the caries removal efficacy between chemomechanical method (CarisolvTM) and conventional method (airotor) in freshly extracted molars. Materials And Methods: 100 freshly extracted molars with dentinal caries on the occlusal surface were selected. Of which, 50 teeth were treated with chemo-mechanical (CarisolvTM) and in the other 50 teeth by conventional (airotor) method. Completeness of caries removal and the amount of operating time taken were assessed for evaluating the efficacy of caries removal. Student 't' test was used for comparing the efficacy between chemomechanical method and the conventional method.

[1]. Tasleem Hosein, Arshad Hasan. Efficacy of chemomechanical caries removal with Carisolv. Jour of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pak 2008; 18 (4): 222-25.
[2]. Venkataraghavan K et al, Chemomechanical Caries Removal: A Review & study of an indigenously developed agent (Carie CareTM gel) in children. J int Oral Health 2013; 5(4):84-90.
[3]. Ericson D, Bornstein R, Gotrick B, Raber H, Zimmerman M. Clinical multicentre evaluation of a new method for chemomechanical caries removal.Caries Res 1998; 32 (3):308.
[4]. Yip HK, Samaranayake LP. Caries removal techniques and instrumentation: a review. Clin Oral Invest 1998; 2: 148–54.
[5]. Nadanovsky P, Cohen Carneiro F, Souza de Mello F. Removal of caries using only hand instruments: A comparison of mechanical and chemo-mechanical methods. Caries Res 2001; 35 (5):384-89.

Abstract:This study was conducted to compare the validity of newly created indices, Hisham (Hi index), and Hameed (Ha index) with various discrimination indices in differentiating beta-Thalassaemia trait (β-TT ) from iron deficiency anemia (IDA) by calculating their sensitivity, specificity and Youden's index. Methods: in total 600 adult patients with microcytic anemia were involved. New hematological indices (Hi) = (MCH×RDW)/RBC & (Ha) = (MCH×Hct×RDW)/(RBC×Hb)2 were created, and a total of fifteen discrimination indices; RBCs, RDW, Mentzer index (MI), Shine & Lai index (S&L), England &Fraser index (E&F), Srivastava index (S), Green & King index (G&K), RBC distribution width index (RDWI), Ricerca index (R), Keikhaei index (KI), Telmissani et al index (TI), Ehsani et al index (EI), Sirdah et al index (SI), (Hi) & (Ha) were used to differentiate between these two conditions. Youden's index of each discrimination index was calculated..

[1]. .Angastinotis, M. Epidemiology. In: Galanello, R.; Eleftheriou, A.; Traeger-Synodinos, J. et al. Prevention of Thalassemias and Other Haemoglobin Disorders. Vol I.( Nicosia, Cyprus: Thalassemia International Federation Publication 2005); 10-13.
[2]. Shalev, O.;Yehezkel, E.; Rachmilewitz, EA. (1993). Inadequate utilization of routine electronic RBC counts to identify beta thalassemia carriers. Am J Public Health1993; 78:1476-1477
[3]. Lukens, JN. The thalassemias and related disorder: An overview. In: Lee, GR. et al. (eds). Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, 10th ed.( Mass Publishing, Giza 1999); 405–33.
[4]. Klee, GG.; Fairbanks, VF.; Pierre, RV.; Virgh, D. O'Sullivan, Routine erythrocyte measurements in diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia minor. Am. J. Clin. Pathol 1976; 66: 870–7.
[5]. Mentzer. Differentiation of iron deficiency from thalassaemia trait. Lancet 1973;1:882

Abstract:Acuteotitis externa (AOE) is the inflammation of outer ear and ear canal. Four categories of otitis externa that include acute localized otitis externa,diffuse otitis externa,chronic otitis externa ,and malignant otitis externa.Incidence of otitis externa is high in Europe, and probably higher in the developing countries. Predisposing factors for AOE is swimming and swimming in the polluted water. Bacterial growth and impairment of the skin of the ear canal that permits the development of infection.Chronic skin conditions atopic dermatitis,psoriasis or abnormalities of keratin production may cause infection and external otitis.Frequently associated pathogens include,Pseudomonasaeruginosa,Staphylococcusepidermidis,Staphylococcusaureus,fungi, and yeast.

[1]. RapiniRP,BologniaJL,Jorizzo JL.Dermatology:2 –Volume Set.St .Louis: Mosby. ISBN 1- 4160-2999-0.2007
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[3]. Hirsch BF,Disease of the external ear,In:BluestoneCD,StoolSE,AlperCM,etal.eds.Pediatric 0tololaryngology.4thed.Philadelphia:WB Saunders;2003;464-73.
[4]. Rubin J,YuVL,Malignant external otitis: Insights into pathogenesis, clinicalmanifestations,diagnosis and therapy.Am J Med.1988;85:391-98.
[5]. Van BalenF,SmitW,ZuithoffN,etal.Clinical efficacy of three common treatments in acute otitis externs in primary care:randomized control trial. BMJ.2003, 327 (74 25) :1201-5.
[6]. Springer GL,Shapiro ED. Fresh water swimming as a risk factor for otitis externa:a case controlled study. Arch Environ Health.1985;40:202-6.

Abstract:The prevalence of childhood obesity, early menarche and racial differences in the effect of BMI on the reproductive characteristics of young females are showing a changing trend globally, that needs to be continuously evaluated.This study intends to determine the relationship between age at menarche and anthropometric measurements BMI among adolescent girls in Bhopal region. The present study was carried out on healthy female students of MBBS First year (n=50) in the age group of 18-25 years with regular menstrual cycle. The subjectswere classified into 4 groups, normal (n=25,BMI=18.50-25Kg/m2), underweight (n=5, BMI≤ 18.50Kg/m2),overweight (n = 11, BMI=25-30Kg/m2) and obese(n=9, BMI≥30 Kg/m2).The present study showed thatthe age at menarche was significantly prolonged in under-weight group when compared to control over- weight and obese groups and it was significantly early in over-weight and obese groups when compared to control and under- weight group.

[1]. Pehlivanoglu B, Balkanchi ZD, Ridvanagaoglu AY, Durmazlar N, OzturkG,Erbas D, Okur H. Impact of stress, gender and menstrual cycle in immune system: Possible role of nitric oxide. Arch PhysiolBiochem 2001; 109: 383-387.
[2]. Prado C, Martinez R, Perez-de landozabalE.Menarcheal age as an indicator of socio-economic level in emigrants. J Hum Ecol 1995; 4:157-171.
[3]. Arteria MD, Hennerberg M. Why did they lie? Socioeconomic bias in reporting menarcheal age. Ann Hum Biol 2000; 2:561-569.
[4]. Thomas F, Renard F, Benefice E, de Meeus T, Guegan JF. International variability of ages at menarche and menopause: patterns and main determinants. Hum Biol 2001; 73(2):271-290.
[5]. Mumby SH, Elks EC, Li S, Sharp JS, Khaw K, Luben NR. Mendelianrandomisation study of childhood BMI and early menarche. J Obes 2011; 1-6.
[6]. Osayande S I, Ozoene J O, Amabebe E. Body mass index influences the age at menarche and duration of menstrual cycle. American Journal of Health Research 2014; 2(5): 310-315.

Abstract:Bioflavanoids are prominent natural antioxidants, free radical scavengers; in general they have not been associated with any consistent side effects. Excess intake is simply excreted in the urine as they are water soluble nutrients, and they are of recent research interest through its various therapeutic activities, demonstrating antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties and a potentially valuable therapeutic tool for the treatment of variety of inflammatory conditions including periodontal diseases.

[1]. Amallal M et al. Inhibition of mast cell histamine released by flavanoids and biflavonoids. Planta Medica 16-20
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[4]. Salah N et al.. Polyphenolic flavanols are sacvengers of aqous phase radicals and as chain breaking antioxidants. Arch Biochem Biophys 1995;1: 77-83.
[5]. Zukik M et al .Nutritional antioxidants and age related cataract and maculopathy. Experimental Eye Research. February 2007.

Abstract:The objective of the study is to assess the utility of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as rapid screening tests to differentiate various types of meningitis in adults. Method: CSF samples were obtained from 50 patients of meningitis. Diagnosis of meningitis was based on the clinical presentation and CSF analysis.CRP and ADA activity were assessed in pyogenic,tuberculous and viral meningitis.

[1]. Mishra OP, Loiwal V, Ali Z, Nath G, Chandra L, Das BK. Cerebrospinal fluid adenosine deaminase activity and C-reactive protein in tuberculous and partially treated bacterial meningitis. Indian Pediatr, 32(8), 1995 Aug, 886-9.
[2]. Agarwal AK, Bansal S, Nand V. A hospital based study on estimation of Adenosine Deaminase Activity (ADA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in various types of meningitis. J Clin Diagn Res ,,.8(2), 2014 Feb,73-6.
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[4]. Yasojima K, Schwab C, McGeer EG, McGeer PL. Human neurons generate C-reactive protein and amyloid P: upregulation in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. 887(1), 2000 Dec22, 80-9.
[5]. Gendrel D, Raymond J, Coste J, Moulin F, Lorrot M, Guérin S,et al. Comparison of procalcitonin with C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 and interferon-alpha for differentiation of bacterial vs. viral infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 18(10),1999 Oct, 875-81.

Abstract:Background : Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is an abundant neuronal deubiquitinating enzyme that has been recent implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of several human cancers. Aims of the study: To evaluate the immunohistochemical pattern of expressions, scoring and intracellular localization of UCHL1 in relation to the invasive Bryne's grading system. Materials and methods: a total of thirty formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks of oral squamous cell carcinoma were included in this study. Routine stained sections were histologically graded by Bryne's systems. Sections stained with anti-UCHL1 were evaluated for subcellular localization, pattern of expression, and stain intensity. Kruskal Wallis tests and Somers'd correlation coefficient were applied for analysis. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

[1]. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation,Cell ,144 (5), 2011, 646–674.
[2]. Diomedi-Camassei F, Rava L,Lerut E, Callea F, van Damme B, Protein gene product 9.5 and ubiquitin are expressed in metabolically active epithelial cells of normal and pathologic human kidney,Nephrol Dial Transplant; 20, 2005, 2714–2719.
[3]. Hurley JH, Stenmark H, Molecular mechanisms of ubiquitin-dependent membrane traffic,Annu Rev Biophys, 40, 2011: 119–142
[4]. Hurst-Kennedy J, Chin L, Li L, Ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase L1 in tumorigenesis,Biochem Res Int,2012, 2012, 123706.
[5]. Zhong J, Zhao M, Ma Y, LuoQ, Liu J, Wang J et al, UCHL1 acts as a colorectal cancer oncogene via activation of the β-catenin/TCF pathway through its deubiquitinating activity , Int J Mol Med, 30 (2), 2012, 430-436.
[6]. Tokumaru Y, Yamashita K, Kim MS, Park HL, Osada M, Mori M et al. The role of PGP 9.5 as a tumor suppressor gene in human cancer,Int J Cancer ,123 (4),2008,753-759.

Abstract:Aim and objective: The aim and objective of this study is to investigate the effect of cerebral hemodynamics after cranioplasty in decompressive craniectomy patients using pre and postoperative transcranial Doppler sonogram. Methods: This study is a prospective study of two years duration. This study includes total no of 43 patients. All the patients were evaluated by transcranial Doppler sonography before and after cranioplasty.

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[5]. Richaud J, Boetto S, Guell A, Lazorthes Y. Incidence des cranioplasties sur la function neurologique et le débit sanguine cérébral. Neurochirurgie 1985;31:183-8.
[6]. Suzuki N, Suzuki S, Iwabuchi T. Neurological improvement after cranioplasty. Analysis by dynamic CT scan. Acta Neurochir 1993;122:49-53.

Abstract:Pancreatitis is defined as inflammation of the pancreas resulting in acinar cell injury by pancreatic enzymes. Pancreatitis is uncommon in children and a diagnostic challenge for the Pediatricians. Importantly, the clinicians evaluating pediatric patients with abdominal pain should have a high index of suspicion for pancreatitis, as it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Chronic pancreatitis in children can be due to hereditary pancreatitis, idiopathic chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, tropical chronic pancreatitis, hyper-triglyceridemia or hyperparathyroidism. All these types of pancreatitis can present with repeated acute attacks progressing to chronic calcific pancreatitis. Here a case report of a 10 year old female child diagnosed as idiopathic chronic calcific pancreatitis.

[1]. SD Chowdhury, A Chacko, BS Ramakrishna, AK Dutta, J Augustine, AK Koshy, EG Simon, AJ Joseph. Clinical Profile and Outcome of Chronic Pancreatitis in Children. Indian Pediatrics 2013;50:1016-19
[2]. Teich N, Mossner J. Hereditary chronic pancreatitis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2008;22:115‑30.
[3]. Rosendahl J, Bodekar H, Mossner J, Teich N. Hereditary chronic pancreatitis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2007;2:1.
[4]. Shah S, Amarpurkar D, Pitchmoni CS. Hereditary pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 1994;89:928‑30.
[5]. Balkrishanan V. Chronic calcific pancreatitis in the tropics. Ind J Gastroenterol 1984;3:65‑7.
[6]. Perrault J, Burtholomew LG. Hereditary and familial pancreatitis in gastroenterology. In: Berk E, editor. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1985. p. 4050‑4

Abstract:Periodontal therapy has been trying out various treatment modalities as a result of technological advancements as well as innovative researches happening in the field.Many therapies have been tried to combat this chronic inflammatory process as well as the regeneration of the lost periodontium.The main culprit in most cases are a group of pathogenic bacteria found in oral biofilm.Scientists have thus come up with the novel idea of using the useful bacteria in the biofilm colonies and body to combat against these pathogens.Thus probiotics came to play a vital role in periodontal treatment.This paper is a very short review of probiotics in Periodontics

Keywords: Probiotics, Periodontaldisease, Bifidobacterium ,Guided pocket recolonisation, Halitosis

[1]. Gupta G. Probiotics and periodontal health. J Med Life. 2011 Nov 14;4(4):387-94
[2]. Mackay AD, Taylor MB, Kibbler CC, Hamilton-Miller JM. Lactobacillus endocarditis caused by a probiotic organism. ClinMicrobiol Infect. 1999;5:290–2.
[3]. Quirynen M, Teughels W, Hoake SK, Newman MG. Chapter 9. Microbiology of periodontal disease. Newman, Takkei, Klokkevold Carranza. Text book of Carranza's Clinical Periodontology. 10th edition. Saunders; 2006. p153 deVrese M, Schrezenmeir J. Probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics. AdvBiochemEngBiotechnol 2008;111:1-66.
[4]. Stamatova I, Meurman JH. Probiotics and periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 2009; 51:141-151.
[5]. Hillman JD, Socransky SS, Shivers M. The relationships between streptococcal species and periodontopathic bacteria in human dental plaque. Arch Oral Biol 1985; 30:791–795.

Abstract: Orthognathic surgeries are major surgical procedures carried out to treat dentofacial deformities involving the maxilla, the mandible or both in combination. Orthognathic surgeries are complex surgical procedures for which a considerable amount of blood loss is expected due to the high vascularity of the facial skeleton, resulting in the need for blood transfusion. Blood transfusions are generally considered to be safe. But they do carry some risk of complications such as fever, chills, urticaria, anaphylactic reactions and transmission of bacterial, viral or protozoval infections. Various methods have been employed in reducing perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirement. One of the methods is controlled hypotension during anesthesia or hypotensive anesthesia. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of hypotensive anesthesia in patient undergoing orthognathic surgery.

Keywords: orthognathic surgery, Hypotensive anesthesia, Blood loss.

[1]. Rodrigo C: Induced Hypotension During Anesthesia, with Special Reference to Orthognathic Surgery. Anesth Prog 42:41-58 1995.
[2]. Ervens et al: Effect of induced hypotensive anaesthesia vs isovolaemic haemodilution on blood loss and transfusion requirements in orthognathic surgery: a prospective, single-blinded, randomized, controlled clinical study. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2010; 39: 1168–1174.
[3]. Choi WS, Samman N: Risks and benefits of deliberate hypotension in anaesthesia: a systematic review. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2008; 37: 687–703.
[4]. Carlos et al: Orthognathic surgery with or without induced hypotension. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2014; 43: 577–580.
[5]. Varol A et al: The role of controlled hypotension upon transfusion requirement during maxillary downfracture in double-jaw surgery. Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery (2010) 38, 345-349.

Abstract:Pelizaeus-Merzbacherdisease a rare hypomylinatingleukoencephalopathy disorder of central nervous system caused by mutations of the proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) gene, and is inherited in X- linked recessive pattern. Clinical manifestations of PMD include progressive nystagmus, spasticity, tremor, ataxia, and psychomotor delay in variable proportions. Symptoms generally manifest early in the life in classical and connatalforms but may be delayed. Clinical diagnosis can be supplemented by magnetic resonance imaging and genetic studies. These patients may survive upto fourth or fifth decade provided good care is provided.We are presenting a case of 18 years girl with slowly progressive spastic paraparesis and leukodystrophy diagnosed with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease.

[1] Boulloche J, Aicardi J. Pelizaeus-Merzbacherdisease: clinical and nosological study. J ChildNeurol1986;1(3):233-9.
[2] Kaye EM, van der Knaap MS. Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. In:Swaiman KF, editor. Swaiman'spediatric neurology: principles& practice. 4thed, Vol. 2. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2006,p. 1355e6.
[3] Garbern JY. Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease: Genetic and cellularpathogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2007;64:50e65.
[4] Gudz TI, Schneider TE, Haas TA, Macklin WB. Myelin proteolipidprotein forms a complex with integrins and may participate in integrin receptor signaling in oligodendrocytes. J Neurosci2002;22:7398e407.
[5] Barkovich AJ. Magnetic resonance techniques in the assessmentof myelin and myelination. J Inherit Metab Dis 2005;28:311e43.
[6] Schiffmann R, van der Knaap MS. Invited article: an MRI-basedapproach to the diagnosis of white matter disorders. Neurology2009;72:750e9.

Abstract: Periodontitis is a multifactorial infection associatedwith a variable bacterial pattern. The treatment focuses mainly on the reduction of the total bacterial count. Local delivery of antimicrobials has been investigated as an adjunct to conventional therapy. Tetracycline was proved to inhibit collagenases and was thus proposed to be useful in treating diseases. In recent years, silver nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention for medical applications due to their antibacterial activity. This study aims to evaluate the clinical and the microbiological findings following intrasulcular applications of tetracycline films and silver nanoparticles in periodontal pockets. A total of 48 periodontal pockets were studied. Group (A) received scaling and root planingwith tetracycline film application, Group (B): scaling and root planingwith silver nanoparticles application and Group (C): scaling and root planing only.

[1]. Luciana M, Shaddox, Walker CB. Treating chronic periodontitis: current status, challenges, and future directions. ClinCosmetInvestig Dent. 2010;2:79–91.
[2]. Rylev M, Kilian M. Prevalence and distribution of principal periodontal pathogens worldwide. J ClinPeriodontol. 2008; 35(8 Suppl):346-61.
[3]. Darveau RP. Periodontitis: a polymicrobial disruption of host homeostasis. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2010;8:481-90.
[4]. AlJehani YA. Risk Factors of Periodontal Disease: Review of the Literature. Int J Dent. 2014; 2014: Article ID 182513, 9 pages.
[5]. Gonçalves MO, Coutinho-Filho WP, Pimenta FP, Pereira GA, Pereira JA, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Hirata R Jr. Periodontal disease as reservoir for multi-resistant and hydrolytic enterobacterial species. LettApplMicrobiol. 2007;44:488-94.

Abstract: Play reflects advances in social, cognitive, motor and language skills and conversely provides opportunities for these skills to develop further. Therefore, the data on developmental norms of play serves to benefit in the assessment and rehabilitation of children with developmental issues when no other behavioral responses can be satisfactorily obtained for observation. Given India's diversity in social, economic, cultural and linguistic factors, western norms if used on the Indian population may not give valid results. Hence the current study is carried out that looks at documenting play behavior in children aged 3½-4½ years from 2 different commonly seen socio-economic groups of the nation.

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[3]. Brown, S., & Vaughan, C. (2009). Play: How it shapes the brain, opens the imagination, and invigorates the soul (p.100) New York, NY: Avery
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[5]. Rosenblatt, D. (1977). Developmental trends in infant play. In B. Tizard & D. Harvey, The Biology of Play (pp. 33–44). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott.
[6]. Piaget, J. (1951). Plays, dreams, and imitation in childhood. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd.