iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2015

Abstract: Objective: To find out the epidemiology of hysterectomy in women of different states of India by a cross-sectional study among the pilgrims of Tirupati. Study subjects and method: women pilgrims at Alipiri (more than 15years age) who were willing to answer the preformed survey questionnaire during a period of 6 hours on 8th and 9th march 2015 were interviewed. Results: Out of a total of 619 pilgrims who visited Alipiri during the study period, approximately 178 women answered the questionnaire and 58 (32.5%) underwent hysterectomy. 40 women were from Andhra Pradesh and 18 from other states. 2 underwent hysterectomy below 25 years of age. 10 underwent hysterectomy at 26-35 years age; 24 at 36-45 years age; 19 at 46-55 years age and 3 at >56 years age. 42(72%) underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, 9(15%) laparoscopic hysterectomy and 7(12%) vaginal hysterectomy.

[1]. J. M. Wu, M. E. Wechter, E. J. Geller, T. V. Nguyen, and A. G. Visco, "Hysterectomy rates in the United States, 2003," Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 110, no. 5, pp. 1091–1095, 2007. Community Medicine, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 196–197, [2]. A. Singh and A. K. Arora, "Why hysterectomy rate are lower in India?" Indian Journal of Community Medicine, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 196–197, 2008. [3]. S. Desai, T. Sinha, and A. Mahal, "Prevalence of hysterectomy among rural and urban women with and without health insurance in Gujarat, India," Reproductive Health Matters, vol. 19, no. 37, pp. 42–51, 2011. [4]. N. Lee, R. Dicker, G. Rubin, and H. Ory, "Confirmation of the preoperative diagnoses for hysterectomy," American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 150, no. 3, pp. 283–287, 1984.
[5]. Maresh MJ, Metcalfe MA, McPherson K, et al. The VALUE national hysterectomy study: description of the patients and their surgery. BJOG. 2002; 109:302-312.

Keywords: In the present study we assessed is the pattern of involvement of coronary artery in young subjects (<35 yrs) with sudden death coming for autopsy in Kolkata police morgue. In randomly selected 97 cases of sudden death was selected and post mortem examination was conducted to find out the cause of death, Histopathological examination was taken as an additional tool for reaching a proper diagnosis in selected cases Results: Among the total cases 57.7% death were due to cardiac involvement out of which 83.9% were due to involvement of one or more major coronary arteries, 76.6% cases were due to atherosclerotic involvement and 23.4% disease was of non atherosclerotic origin.

[1]. Meyer L, Stubbs B, Fahrenbruch C, Maeda C, Harmon K, Eisenberg M, Drezner J. Incidence, Etiology, and Survival Trends from Cardiovascular-related Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Children and Young Adults Age 0-35 in King County, Washington: A 30-Year Review. Circulation. 2012;126(11):1363-72.
[2]. Hill SF, Sheppard MN. Non-atherosclerotic coronary artery disease associated with sudden cardiac death. Heart 2010; 96:1119–25.
[3]. de Noronha SV, Sharma S, Papadakis M, et al. Aetiology of sudden cardiac death in athletes in the United Kingdom: a pathological study. Heart 2009; 95:1409–14. [4]. Sudden, unexpected and natural death in young adults of age between 18 and 35 years: A clinicopathological study: Madhu Chaturvedi, Meera Satoskar, Manisha S Khare, Alka D Kalgutkar: Department of Pathology, LTM General Hospital and Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, India:Indian Journal Of Pathology & Microbiology,2011,vol-54: 47-50

Abstract: Background: Various epidemiological survey have reported an increase in allergic diseases all around the world. The urbanization and globalization in the developing countries have resulted in drastic environmental changes and increased allergens present in the environment. Nevertheless very few studies have been done on young adult Nigerians. Objective: This study aimed to find out the prevalence of allergic disorders (asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis) among university students in Nigeria. Design: A prospective cross sectional study. Setting: Tertiary Institution.

[1]. Pawlinska-Chmara R, Wronka I. Influence of allergic disorders on physical development. Eur J Med Res 2009;14(suppl 14) 187-191
[2]. Chaweewan B, Supornchai K, Peraqun J, Siriporn V, Pornchulee S. A Survey of Allergic Diseases in University Students of Bangkok, Thailand. J Rhinol 1997;42:91-93
[3]. Weeke ER. Epidemiology of allergic diseases in children. Rhinology 1992;13Suppl:5-12.
[4]. Dotterud LK, Kvammen B, Bolle R, Falk ES. A survey of atopic diseases among school children in Sor-Varanger community. Possible effects of subarctic climate and industrial pollution from Russia. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1994;74:124-8.
[5]. Hahn E, Bacharier L. The atopic march: the pattern of allergic disease development in childhood. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2005;25:231-46

Abstract: The accurate fixation of distal fibula is achieved by plating of fibula. Lack of subcutaneous tissue, tight skin, and communitted fracture of distal fibula are the common problems. Hook plate osteosynthesis is the solution for these difficult fractures, but high cost and uniform availability is a problem. A custom made hook plate from economical and easily available semi tubular plate applied by MIPPO technique bypassing the fracture offers a good option, having advantage in fixing this subcutaneous bone.

Keywords: Lateral malleolus fixation; custom made hook plate; MIPPO technique; distal fibula fixation

[1]. Sutter PM, Peltzer J. Principles of operative treatment of malleolar fractures today. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2010;36:505–14
[2]. Fernandez GN. Internal fixation of the oblique, osteoporotic fracture of the lateral malleolus. Injury. 1988;19:257–8.

Abstract: The export credit in India, may be studied with reference to its stages, namely, pre-shipment credit and post-shipment credit. While pre-shipment credit is required for production, processing and packaging post-shipment credit is required to finance overseas buyers. These credits have been covered by a special refinance scheme of the RBI and are provided at concessional rates of interest. In this concession, the scheme for pre-shipment credit the exporters can get credit both in rupees (at an interest rate of 13 per cent) and foreign exchange (at an average of 7.5 per cent).

[1]. Venkatesh.J "Needs and problems of shipment finance at various stages of knitted garment Exports with special reference to Tirupur" Ph. D Thesis Bharathiar University Jan 2008
[2]. Paravisini, D., Rappoport, V., Schnabel, P. and Wolfenson, D. (2011) Dissecting the effect of credit supply on trade: evidence from matched credit-export data. NBER Working Paper 16975.
[3]. RBI extends 2 pc interest subsidy scheme for exporters The Economic Times June 19, 2012 | PTI

Abstract: Non thermal argon plasma needle at atmospheric pressure was constructed. The experimental set up was based on a simple and low cost electric components that generate electrical field sufficiently high at the electrodes to ionize various gases which flow at atmospheric pressure. A high AC power supply was used with 9.6kV peak to peak and 33kHz frequency. Used the non-thermal plasma argon to two types of Gram-positive bacteria, was fully kill her in a time of 40 seconds.

Key words: Plasma Treatment, low-temperature plasma, plasma needle, plasma medicine.

1]. Halfmann H, Bibinov N, Wunderlich J and Awakowicz P 2007 A double inductively coupled plasma for sterilization of medical devices J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 40 4145
[2]. Stoffels E, Flikweert A J, Stoffels W W and Kroesen G M W 2002 Plasma needle: a non-destructive atmospheric plasma source for fine surface treatment of (bio)materials Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 11 383
[3]. Laroussi M and Lu X 2005 Room-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma plume for biomedical applications Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 113902
[4]. Fridman G, Brooks A D, Balasubramanian M, Fridman A, Gutsol A, Vasilets V N, Ayan H and Friedman G 2007 Comparison of direct and indirect effects of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma on bacteria Plasma Process. Polym. 4 370
[5]. Shimizu T et al 2008 Characterization of microwave plasma torch for decontamination Plasma Process. Polym. 5 577
[6]. Stoffels E 2007 Tissue processing with atmospheric plasmas Contrib. Plasma Phys. 47 40

Abstract: The incidence of stroke or cerebro vascular accident increases with age and affects many people in their 'golden years which is a rapidly growing segment of the population. The causes of cerebro vascular accidents are ischemia, infarction or intracranial hemorrhage. Ischemia and infarction constituting 85 to 90 percent of the total group in india while 10 to 15 percent are intracranial hemorrhages. With the advent of computerized Tomography Scan (CT Scan), this present study was done. Hundred patients were studied over one year period. This study was carried out in King George hospital , Visakhapatnam, during 2013-2014. The incidence is more in males (70%) than in females (30%) with peak incidence in 6th decade. Infarctions (76) are more common than hemorrhage (24).

Key Words: CVA, Ischemia, Infarction, CT scan, stroke.SAH

[1]. Adams and victors principles of Neulology 9th edition.
[2]. Stroke epidimeology and stroke services in india J Stroke 2013;15(3):128-134.
[3]. Rosamond, W, Flegal, K, Furie, K, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2008 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2008; 117:e25.
[4]. Albers GW; Caplan LR; Easton JD,et al. Transient ischemic attack-- proposal for a new definition.N Engl J Med 2002 Nov 21;347(21):1713-6.
[5]. Adams HP Jr; Bendixen BH; Kappelle LJ,et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke1993 Jan;24(1):35-41.

Abstract: Aim: To study the diastolic function of heart in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients who are normotensives asymptomatic and correlate it with duration of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Method: Enrollment of normotensive (Blood pressure <130/80) asymptomatic diabetic patients reporting in our hospital to evaluate the Presence of diastolic dysfunction through 2 dimensional transthoracic echocardiography and study the clinical history related biochemical investigation.

[1]. David SH Bell. Diabetes Care 2003 Oct; 26(10):2949-2951, 2791.
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[5]. Regan TJ, Weisse AB. Diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1992, 19, 1165-6.
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Abstract: Introduction: The simple or unicameral bone cyst is a lesion of unknown aetiology that is commonly found between the ages of 5 and 15 years. The cysts most commonly occur in the proximal humerus (50% to 60%) or proximal femur (25% to 30%) of a growing child, but other bones may be affected. Unicameral bone cysts often are asymptomatic, unless a pathological fracture has occurred. Hereby we are reporting a case of a pathological fracture in an adult of 22 years through a latent unicameral bone cyst in a distal femur which was treated surgically by curettage, autogenous bone grafting and intramedullary interlocking nailing.

[1]. Campanacci M, Capanna R, Picci P. Unicameral and Aneurysmal Bone Cysts. Clin Orthop 986;204:25.
[2]. Smith RW, Smith CF. Solitary Unicameral Bone Cyst of the Calcaneus. A Review of Twenty Cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1974;56:49.
[3]. De Mattos CBR ,Binitie O, Dormans JP. Pathological fractures in children. Bone Joint Res 2012;1:272–80.
[4]. Kokavec M ,Frištakova M, Polan P, Bialik GM. Surgical options for the treatment of simple bone cyst in children and adolescents. IMAJ 2010; 12: 87–90
[5]. Lakhwani OP. Percutaneous curettage and allogenic bone grafting with bone marrow in management of simple bone cyst. Ind J of Clin Practice 2013 ;24(5):478-81.
[6]. Heck KR. Benign bone tumors and nonneoplastic conditions simulating bone tumors. In: Canale ST, Beaty JH, eds. Campbell´s Operative Orthopaedics. Vol. 1, 11th edn. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier, 2008: 855-900.

Abstract: Blastomycosis is a fungal infection of humans and other animals, caused by theorganism Blastomycesdermatitidis.Blastomycosis has a predilection for involvement of the lungs, skin, bone, and genitourinary tract. We report a unique case of disseminated disease in an immunocompetent male with an unhealed cutaneous lesion on right thigh, who underwent surgical debridement and postoperatively developed life-threatening disseminated blastomycosis progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). With a high index of clinical suspicion, rapid diagnosis, and prompt therapy with amphotericin B (AmB), the patient recovered.

[1]. James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G. et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. p. 319. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0. [2]. "Thomas Caspar Gilchrist (www.whonamedit.com)". Retrieved 2008-12-10. [3]. Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 676–8. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
[4]. Fang W, Washington L, Kumar N. Imaging manifestations of blastomycosis: a pulmonary infection with
[5]. potential dissemination. Radiographics. 2007;27(3):641–655. [PubMed]
[6]. Witorsch P, Utz JP. North American blastomycosis: a study of 40 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 1968;47(3):169–200. [PubMed

Abstract: Background: Hypertension is a major health burden throughout the world because of its high prevalence and its association with increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension have played a major role in recent dramatic declines in coronary artery disease and stroke mortality in developing countries. Inflammatory process is the important mechanism in the pathophysiology of hypertension and Coronary artery disease. The identification of these inflammatory markers leading to the activation of inflammation should contribute to the development of specific therapeutic approaches to treat hypertension.

[1]. Indian Guidelines on Hypertension – III Supplement to Journal of Association of Physicians of India. 2013; 61 (2): 12-13
[2]. Williams GH. Hypertensive vascular disease. Harrison's Principles of Internal medicine (15th Edition). 2001; 246: 1414-1430.
[3]. Mancia G, Grassi G. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure control in antihypertensive drug trials. J Hypertens. 2002; 20: 1461-1464.
[4]. Ross R. Atherosclerosis—an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340: 115-126
[5]. Hansson GK. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2005; 352: 1685-1695
[6]. Willerson JT, Ridker PM. Inflammation as a cardiovascular risk factor. Circulation .2004; 109: II2-II10

Abstract: The placental examination provide significant information related to intrauterine foetal death, intrauterine Growth Retardation ,Malformations , infections and effects of maternal diseases on fetal growth. The magnitude of the clinical problems related to the development and the functions of the placenta is so vast that it worth to undertake Histological aspect of Human placenta A thorough examination of placenta is neglected often underestimated by Physician and Gynecologist Pediatrician and pathologist in spite of its invaluable role in the fetal development.

[1]. 1.Martinoli .C Castellucci M.Zaccheo .O. Kaufmann.P1984 scanning electron microscopy of stromal cells of human placental villi through out pregnancy cell tissue Res 235;647-655
[2]. 2. .Midgley A.R Pierce,G.B.Gosling J.R 1963.Morphogenesis of syncytiotrophoblast in vivo an autoradiographic demonstration science 141,349-350
[3]. 3. Jones C.J.P .Fox H 1991Ultrastucture of normal human placenta .Elxctromicrography reviews 4;129-178
[4]. 4.Gersell D. J Philips .N.j Becker ,Man,K 1994,Chorionic Chorioomniitis Aclinical pathological study of 17 cases of international J .Gyneacological paphological 10; 217-229 in pathology of female genital tract

Abstract: Purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the more specific diagnosis of the bone tumors and characteristic MRI features of the primary malignancies of bones. Primary bone malignancies are uncommon and constitute approx. 0.2 % of all the malignancies. Bone tumors are present with non-specific complaints of pain, swelling and sometimes restricted mobility. Imaging has a very important role in the evaluation of the bone tumors for the location, extent, periosteal reaction, cortical erosion and matrix characteristic.

[1]. Fletcher CDM, Unni KK, Mertens F. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon: IARC Press; 2002.
[2]. Enneking WF, Spanier SS, Goodman MA. A system for the surgical staging of musculoskeletal sarcoma. ClinOrthopRelat Res. 1980 Nov-Dec;(153):106-20.
[3]. Shigeru Ehara. MR imaging in staging of bone tumors. Cancer Imaging. 2006; 6(1): 158–162.
[4]. Baweja S, Arora R, Singh S, Sharma A, Narang P, Ghuman S, Kapoor S K, Puri S. Evaluation of bone tumors with magnetic resonance imaging and correlation with surgical and gross pathological findings. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2006;16:611-8.
[5]. Van de Perre S., Vanhoenacker F.M., Snoeckx A., Van Dyck P., Gielen J., Parizel P.M.: The variable imaging appearance of osteosarcoma. JBR- BTR, 2005, 88: 204-208.

Abstract: Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTI) includes all infections of the lungs and the airways below the larynx.1 Acute lower respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of death in children below 5 years of age.2On an average children below 5 years of age suffer about 5 to 6 episodes of LRTI per year.3,4ALRTI includes croup syndromes, bronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia

[1]. Thomas P. Green, Susanna A. McColley. Disorders of the lungs and lower airways. In Richard E. Behrman, Robert Kleigman, Hal B. Jenson, ed. Nelson Text Book of Pediatrics. 17th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders 2004: 1401.
[2]. Bryce J, Boschi-Pinto C, Shibuya K. WHO estimates of the causes of death in children. Lancet 2005; 365: 1147-1152.
[3]. Wald ER. Recurrent and non-resolving pneumonia in children. Sem Resp Infect 1993;8: 46-58.
[4]. Christi MJ, Tebuegge M, La Vincente S, Graham SM. Pneumonia in severely malnourshid children in developing countries- mortality risk, etiology, and validity of WHO clinical signs. A systemic review. Trop Med Int Health 2009:14 (10) : 1173-1189.
[5]. Ghai Essential Pediatrics. Seventh edition

Abstract: Oral bacteria under certain circumstances can enter the systemic circulation and can lead to adverse systemic effects. Fusobacteria species are numerically dominant species in dental plaque biofilms and are also associated with negative systemic outcomes. In the present case report, full mouth disinfection (FMD) was performed in a systemically healthy chronic periodontitis patient and the incidence of fusobateria species bacteremia in peripheral blood was evaluated before, during and after FMD. The results showed a significant increase in fusobacterium sp. bacteremia post FMD and the levels remained higher even after 30 minutes. In the light of the results it can be proposed that single visit FMD may result in transient bacteraemia.

[1]. Han YW, Houcken W, Loos BG et al. Periodontal disease, atherosclerosis, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and head-and-neck cancer. Adv Dent Res. 2014; 26: 47-55.
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[4]. Armitage GC. Periodontal diagnoses and classification of periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000. 2004;34:9-21.
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[6]. Conner HD, Haberman S, Collings CK et al. Bacteremias following periodontal scaling in patients with healthy appearing gingiva. J Periodontol. 1967; 68:466–472.

Abstract: Endoscopic DCR is a surgical procedure to drain the lacrimal sac in instances of Nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The common causes of failure of dacryocystorhinostomy are obstruction of the rhinostomy site and of the common canaliculus. Various methods to prevent the recurrence of obstruction at rhinostomy site following endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy have been tried such Mitomycin-C, use of silicone stent and steroid nasal sprays. Stenting appears to be cost-beneficial and simple procedure to achieve the above result. So we undertook a study to compare the results of Primary Endoscopic DCR with and without Silicone stenting.

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Abstract: Obesity is an increased body weight caused by excessive accumulation of fat cells measured as body mass index [BMI].. Peak expiratory flow rate refers to the maximum flow rate achieved during a single forced expiration. Objective: To study the effect of body mass index on peak expiratory flow rate in 20 -30 years age group. Materials and Methods : The place of a study was done in tertiary health care centre for the period of 6 months (July 2012 to January 2013).

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[4]. Aykroyd, W.R. and J. Mayer (1968). Food and Nutrition terminology. In: WHO Doc NUT/68.6,Geneva.
[5]. World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. WHO Obesity Technical Report Series 894. Geneva:WHO 2000.

Abstract: Background: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome(IRIS) occurs commonly with the use of antiretroviral therapy in HIV positive individual with low CD4 count and Penicillium marneffei infection can occur as manifest immune resconstitution inflammatory syndrome in endemic areas of the fungus.

[1]. Ranjana KH, Priyokumar K, Singh TJ et al. Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection among HIV-infected patients in Manipur state, India. J Infect 2002; 45: 268-71.
[2]. Supparatpinyo K, Khamwan C, Baosoung V, Nelson KE, Sirisanthana T: Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in Southeast Asia. Lancet 1994, 344:110-113.
[3]. Vanittanakom N, Sirisanthana T: Penicillium marneffei infection in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Curr Top Med Mycol 1997, 8:35-42.
[4]. Supparatpinyo K, Perriens J, Nelson KE, Sirisanthana T: A controlled trial of itraconazole to prevent relapse of Penicillium marneffei infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. N Engl J Med 1998, 339:1739-1743.
[5]. Lortholary O, Fontanet A, Memain N, Martin A, Sitbon K, Dromer F; French Cryptococcosis Study Group. Incidence and risk factors of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome complicating HIV-associated cryptococcosis in France. AIDS 2005; 19 : 1043-9.