iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2015

Abstract: Pregnancy is the unique physiological condition that differs from non-pregnant state. Cardiovascular changes are significant and occur by sixth to eighth week of gestation. The aim of the present study is to know the nature and frequency of ECG changes in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women of the same race and age group. Study of variations in ECG in normal pregnant women serves as a basis to detect Pathological changes in ECG in normal pregnant women. A cross sectional prospective study was carried in 90 subjects of which 30 (Group-I) were non pregnant. 60 were pregnant, 30 (Group-II) were in early pregnancy between 10-20 weeks of gestation and 30 (Group-III) were in late pregnancy between 24-40 weeks of gestation.

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Keywords: Introduction: Viral hepatitis with alcohol consumption is associated with accelerated progression of liver injury and with a higher frequency of cirrhosis. In different geographical areas alcoholics may have higher prevalence of infections by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) than non alcoholics. Objectives: The objective was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in alcoholic patients, and to evaluate the presence of underlying risk factors.

[1]. Gao B. Interaction of alcohol and hepatitis viral proteins: implication in synergistic effect of alcohol drinking and viral hepatitis on liver injury. Alcohol 2002; 27(1): 69-72.
[2]. de Oliveira L C, Buso A G. Prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C markers in alcoholics with and without clinically evident hepatic cirrhosis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1999; 41(2): 69-73.
[3]. Nalpas B, Pol S. ESBRA 1997 Award lecture: relationship between excessive alcohol drinking and viral infections. Alcohol Alcohol 1998; 33(3): 202-6.
[4]. Dalekos G N, Zervou E. Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses infection in chronic alcoholics with or without liver disease in Ioannina, Greece: low incidence of HCV infection. Eur J Epidemiol 1996; 12(1): 21-5.
[5]. Srugo I, Shinar E. Hepatitis B and C markers among alcoholics in Israel: high incidence of HCV infection. Eur J Epidemiol 1998; 14(4): 333-7.

Keywords: An observational study was conducted on 450 students of 1st,2nd and final MBBS students about the usefulness of integrated teaching over routine teaching. For 1st year medical students it was conducted in anatomy department on mammary gland including the anatomy,pathology,main diseases and treatment. This includes anatomy,pathology,radiodiagnosis,surgery and radiotherapy departments. The whole period is 2 hrs. Each speaker was given 20-30 minutes time. Last 5-10 minutes were left for discussion and doubt clearance from students.

[1]. Feedback in clinical medical education. Journal of American medical association. 250 PP 277-78.
[2]. Struyven k duchy F, Janssens.s students perception about evaluation and assessment in higher education. A review assess evaluation higher education 2005, 30 PP 325-341.

Keywords: Ectodermal dysplasia is a large heterogonous group of inherited disorders that occurs as a consequence of disturbances in the ectoderm of the developing embryo. The tissues primarily involved are skin, nails, hairs, sweat glands and a partial or complete absence of primary and/ or permanent dentition. This clinical report highlights the imperative need of appropriate treatment strategy and application f partial acrylic dentures in a pediatric patient who suffered from congenitally oligodontia.

Key words: Partial dentures, ectodermal dysplasia, prosthetic rehabilitation, oligodontia

[1]. J. Two cases in which the skin, hair and teeth were very imperfectly developed. Proc RM Chir Soc. 1848;31:71-82.
[2]. AA. Hereditary ectodermal dysplasia (congenital ectodermal defect). Am J Dis Child. 1929;37:766-9.
[3]. Neville B, Damm D, Allen C , Bouquot J. Oral and Maxillo-facial Pathology, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2008.
[4]. Vieira KA, Teixeira MS, Guirado CG, Gaviao MB. Prostho-dontic treatment of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with complete anodontia: case report. Quintessence Int 2007;38:75-80.
[5]. Tarjan I, Gabris K, Rozsa N. Early prosthetic treatment of patients with ectodermal dysplasia: a clinical report. J Pros-thet Dent 2005;93:419-24.
[6]. Nunn JH, Carter NE, Gillgrass TJ, Hobson RS, Jepson NJ, Meechan JG, et al. The interdisciplinary management of hy-podontia: background and role of paediatric dentistry. Br Dent J 2003;194:245-51.

Keywords: Treatment of head and neck cancers with radiotherapy are quite challenging due to complex anatomical structures i.e. the clinical target volume (CTV) is in the contiguity with organs at risk such as brain, eyes, optic nerves, larynx, oropharynx, parotids etc. which are to be preserved. Conventional radiotherapy of head and neck cancer designed to cover target volume results significant dose to the organs at risk. Revolutionary technology such as Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT), Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) improving the therapeutic ratio by minimizing dose to organs at risks without compromising dose to tumour In the present study 10 patients with carcinoma of head and neck region with age from 28 to 65 years treated with VMAT has been considered. Prescribed dose to tumour was 60 to 70Gy (Gray) depending on the clinical parameters of disease.

[1]. L Garfinkel. Perspective on cancer prevention. Cancer j. Clin.45[1], 1995, 5-7.
[2]. S Warnakulasuriya, Global epidemiology of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Oral Oncology. 45[4-5], 2009. 309-316.
[3]. J F Onyango, I M Macharia, Delays in diagnosis, referral and management of head and neck cancer presenting at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. East Afr Med. J. 83[4], 2006, 85-91.
[4]. O B Da Lilly-Tariah, A O Somefein , W L Adeyemo. Current evidence on the burden of head and neck cancers in Nigeria. Head & Neck Oncol. 2009, 1:14.
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[6]. B Shah, N Kumar, G R Menon et al. Assecment of burden of non-communicable disease: A project supported by WHO. Indian council of Medical Research, Delhi 2006.

Keywords: Artificial cardiac pacemakers are indicated for patients whose heart beat too slow or beat too fast. There is increasing use of this medical equipment in recent time. A good knowledge of anatomy is essential for carrying out the procedure. Method: A cardiac pacemaker was observed during routine dissection of a female cadaver. The pulse generator was present in the right infraclavicular region. Leads were tracked till it pierced the wall of a vein.

[1]. Hanna SJ and Freeston JE. Importance of anatomy and dissection: the junior doctor‟s viewpoint. Clin Anat; 2002; 15: 377-378.
[2]. Kaufman MH. Anatomy training for surgeons – a personal view point. JR Coll Surg Edinb; 1997; 42(4): 215-216.
[3]. Furman S. Venous cutdown for pacemaker implantation. Ann of Thor Surg. 1986; 41(4): 438-439
[4]. Byrd CL. Safe inducer technique for pacemaker lead implantation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1992; 15: 262-267
[5]. Lau EW,. Upper body venous access for transvenous leads replacement- review of existent technique. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol; 2007; 30: 901- 909

Keywords: The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of psychiatric illness among the informants of psychiatric patients at the Paschim Medinipur district. The participants consisted of 56 male and 44 female informants of various psychiatric patients coming for treatment at the OPD of psychiatric department of Midnapore Medical College and Hospital and their age ranged from 20-70 years. They were administered Socio-Economic Status Scale (Rural and Urban) to assess Socioeconomic Status of patients and Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) to screen for psychiatric problem in participants.

[1]. Choudhury, A. N., Brahma, A., Sanyal, D. (2003). The validation of the Bengali version of the Self-Rating Questionnaire (SRQ). Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 30, 56–61.

[2]. Ganguli, H. C. (2000). Epidemiological findings on prevalence of mental disorders in India. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 42(1), 14-20.

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[4]. Kuppuswamy, B. (1962). Manual of the Socio-Economic Status Scale (Urban). Delhi:Manasayan.

Keywords: A 57 year female presented with complaints of pain abdomen with haematemesis off and on for one month and with loss of appetite and weakness for one week. She had no other comorbid illness. On examination she was average built, normal vitals and normal abdominal examination with minimal pallor. An ultrasound of abdomen was done which was reported normal. She then underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in which a large cauliflower like growth was seen to arise from the fundus of stomach.

[1]. Miettinen M, Lasota J. Gastrointestinal stromal tumours: Pathology and Prognosis at different sites. Semin Diagn. Pathol 2006;23:70-83
[2]. Antonioli DA: Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumours, Expanding the spectrum of gastrointestinal tumours. Arch Pathol Lab Med 113: 831-833
[3]. Appleman HD: Smooth muscle tumours of the gastrointestinal tract: what we know now that Stout did'nt know. Am J Surg Pathol 10:83-99:1986 (Suppl 1)
[4]. Franquemont DW: Differentiation and risk assessment of gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Am J Clin Pathol 103:41-47; 1995
[5]. Kindblom LG, Remotti HE,Aldenborg F, Meis-Kindblom JM. Gastrointestinal pacemaker cell tumour (GIPACT): Gastrointestinal stromal tumours show phenotypic characteristics of the interstitial cells of cajal. Am J Pathol 1998: 152:1259- 1269
[6]. Mazur MT, Clark HB, Hashimoto K, Nishida T, Ishiguru S et al. Gastric Stromal tumours. Reappraisal of histogenesis. Am j Surg Path. 1983, 7: 517- 9

Keywords: Previous studies in Nigeria have attributed the high prevalence of respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms among wheat flour mill workers to wheat dust. Whether toxic gases emitted from wheat flour production may be one of the causative factors has not been investigated. Data were collected from clinical case-notes of 142 flour mill workers (113 males and 29 females) who were exposed to flour mill dust for a period of 3 months to 24 years.

[1]. Ogunyemi, JA. Flour types, regulation and specification: Wheat to bread for sale and marketing personnel. Lagos: Manpower Development Department, Flour Mills of Nigeria Plc. (1997).
[2]. Epler, RG. Silo Filler's disease: A new perspective. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, (1989); 64, 368-370.
[3]. Kocks, DJ, Scott, D. Ammonia – still a hazard in the workplace. South African Medical Journal, (1990); 78, 45-48.
[4]. World Health Organization. Life the 21st century: a vision for all. Geneva: World Health Organization, (1998); 90-95.
[5]. Bachanek T, Chalas R, Pawlowicz A, Tarezydto B. Exposure to flour dust and the level of abrasion of hard tooth tissues among workers of flour mills. Ann Agric Environ Med. 1999; 6(2): 147-9.

Keywords: For nearly 100 years, scientists and doctors thought that ulcers were caused by stress, spicy food, and alcohol. Treatment was bed rest and antacids, but in 1982 discovery of Helicobacter pylori confirmed its role in in gastric, duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is the most common human ailment affecting nearly 50% of world population, with high mortality in gastric cancer. Gastric ulcer had male preponderance; duodenal ulcer was 10 times as common as in women.

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[2]. NajmWI.PepticUlcer Disease.PrimaryCare.2011;38(3):383-94,Vii.
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[4]. GBD 2013 Mortality And Causes Of Death,Collaborators(17 December). Global,Regional,And National Age-Sex Specific All-Cause And Cause Specific Mortality For 240 Causes Of Death,1990-2013:A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study.Lancet.2013.

Keywords: Dilated Cardiomyopathy is characterised by an enlarged left ventricle(left ventricular diastolic dimension >60mm) with decreased systolic function(LV ejection fraction <30%). We report the use of Airway Blocks in anaesthetic management of patient with dilated cardiomyopathy. Key Words: Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Airway Blocks.

[1]. Fox EJ, Sklar GS, Hill CH, Villanueva R, King BD.Complications related to the pressor response to endotrachealintubation. Anaesthesiology 1977; 47: 524–5.
[2]. William G, Fuster V: Review Article- Idiopathic dilated Cardiomyopathy. New England Journal of Medicine; 331:1564-75, 1994.
[3]. Stoelting RK, Dierdorf SF. Cardiomyopathy. In: Stoelting RK (Ed).Anaesthesia and Coexisting Disease (3rd ed). New York: ChurchillLivingstone 1993; 97-102.
[4]. Molhoek SG, Bax JJ, Erven RV. Effectiveness of resynchronizationtherapy in patients with end stage heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2002;90:379-83.
[5]. Schechter WS, Kim C, Martinez M. Anesthetic induction in a child withend-stage cardiomyopathy. Can J Anaesth. 1995; 42:404-08.

Keywords: Aim: The aim was to document cardiovascular manifestations and to correlate it with the tire of Anti ds DNA in patients with SLE, admitted in Medicine ward and those attending Medicine, Rheumatology & Cardiology OPD, RIMS, Imphal, Manipur, India. Material and Methods: 78 patients fulfilling the inclusion Criteria were seen between October 2012 and September 2014, using simple laboratory assessments, serology tests like serum ANA, Anti ds DNA, ECG and 2D transthoracic echocardiography. Clinical evaluation using the revised American College of Rheumatology criteria (1997) was used to confirm the diagnosis of Lupus. The study was recorded in a data based program. Descriptive statistics and analysis was carried out as per need.

[1]. Kotokey RK, Rajkhowa K, Chaliha MS, Pegu UR. A Study Of Cardiovascular Manifestations In Systematic Lupus Erythematosus In Upper Assam. Journal Of Indian College Of Cardiology 2012 Feb;2(1):29-2.
[2]. Hameed S, Malik LM, Shafi S, Azeem S, Shahzad A. Echocardiographic Evaluation Of Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Pak J Med Sci 2007 July-Sep;23(4):497-500.
[3]. Trench CM, Mccurdie I, White PD, D'Cruz DP. The Prevalence And Associations Of Fatigue In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Rheumatology 2000;39:1249-54.
[4]. Elkayum U, Weiss S, Laniado S. Pericardial Effusion And Mitral Valve Involvement In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Annals Of The Rheumatic Diseases 1977;36:349-53.
[5]. Moyssakis I, Tektonidou MG, Vassilliou VA, Samarkos M, Votteas V, Moutsopoulos M. Libman-Sacks Endocarditis In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus : Prevalence, Associations And Evolution. The American Journal Of Medicine 2007;120:636-42.

Keywords: Parosteal osteosarcoma is a rare low-grade bone tumour. Wide resection of a parosteal osteosarcoma usually prevents local recurrence. In literature, hemicortical resections of low-grade malignant bone tumors and allograft reconstruction are described. We have described a method of resection and reconstruction of parosteal osteosarcoma proximal tibia using custom made total knee replacement prosthesis.

[1]. Campanacci M, Giunti A, Grandesso F. Sarcoma periostale ossificante (31 osservazioni). Chir Organi Moz' 1968 ;57 : 3-28.
[2]. Campanacci M, Giunti A. Periosteal osteosarcoma : review of4l cases, 22 with long-term follow-up. ItalJ Orthop Traumatol 1976; 1 : 23- 35.
[3]. Unni KK, Dahlin DC, Beabout JW, Ivins JC. Parosteal osteogenic sarcoma. Cancer 1976 :37 : 2466-75.
[4]. Ahuja SC, Villacin AB, Smith J, Bullough PG, Huvos AG, Marcove RC. Juxtacortical (parosteal) osteogenic sarcoma. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1977 :59-A :632-47
[5]. Lorentzon R,Larsson S-E, Hoquist L. Parosteal (juxtacortical) osteosarcoma: a clinical and histopathological study ol 11 cases and a review J Bone Joint Surg [Br) 1980 :62-B: 86-92.
[6]. Samardziski M et al. Parosteal osteosarcoma.Bratisi L ek Listy 2009; 110 (4)

Keywords: Advances in dentistry, as well as the increased desire ofpatients to maintain their dentition, have lead to treatmentof teeth that once would have been removed. Hemisection is a removal of compromised root and the associated crown portion. It is one of the treatment options for preserving remaining part of molar having sound periodontium. This procedure represents a form of conservative dentistry, aiming to retain as much of the original tooth structure as possible. The results are predictable and success rates are high. The present case report is a case of Hemisection in endodontic failure of mandibular first molar tooth with the pulp floor perforation with management with Hemisection.

Keywords: Hemisection, perforation, periodontium

[1]. Siqueira JF Jr (2001) Aetiology of root canal treatment failure: why well-treatedteeth can fail. IntEndod J 34: 1-10.
[2]. Regan JD, Witherspoon DE, Gutmann JL (1998) Prevention, identification and management of tooth perforation. EndodPract 1: 24-40.
[3]. Parmar G, Vashi P. Hemisection: a case-report and review. Endodontology. 2003;15:26-9.
[4]. Jain A, Bahuguna R, Agarwal V. Hemisection as an Alternative Treatment for Resorbed Multirooted Tooth-A Case Report. Asian Journal of Oral Health & Allied Sciences. 2011;1(1):44-6.
[5]. Amit H, Mohan G, Ranjana M. HEMISECTION- A CASE REPORT. TMU J. Dent Vol. 1; Issue 4 Oct – Dec 2014.
[6]. Farley JR. Hemisection and bicuspidization of Molars. Tex Dent J 1974;92(6):4-5.

Keywords: Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the standard treatment following ERCP & Endoscopic Sphincterotomy (ES) for CBD stones and gall stone pancreatitis. This surgery may be difficult needing longer operating times with risk for conversion and bile duct injury. We analyzed factors which could be overcome to minimize complications.

[1]. Katkhouda N, Mavor E, Mason RJ. Visual identification of the cystic duct-CBD junction during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (visual cholangiography): an additional step for prevention of CBD injuries. Surg Endosc (2000) Jan;14(1):88-9.
[2]. Reinders JS, Goud A, Timmer R. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy improves outcomes after endoscopic sphincterotomy for choledochocystolithiasis. Gastroenterology (2010) Jun; 138(7):2315-20. Epub 2010 Mar 2.
[3]. Sarli L, Iusco DR, Roncoroni L. Preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy for the management of cholecystocholedocholithiasis: 10-year experience. World J Surg (2003);27:180–186
[4]. Boerma D, Rauws EA, Keulemans YC, et al. Wait-and-see policy or laparoscopic cholecystectomy after endoscopic sphincterotomy for bile-duct stones: a randomised trial. Lancet (2002) Sep 7;360(9335):761-5.
[5]. Ishizaki Y, Miwa K, Yoshimoto J, Sugo H, Kawasaki S. Conversion of elective laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy between 1993 and 2004. Br J Surg (2006); 93: 987–991

Keywords: The kidneys are developed in a craniocaudal sequence from pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros. The pronephros is rudimentary and the non-functional, second is short fuctioning and third is permanent kidney. The ascent of the kidney from the pelvic region to the abdomen is seen by the end of the 9th week along with rotation from anterior to medial aspect. During ascent, failure to alter the position results in ectopic kidneys with or without rotational changes. So, kidneys from 20 human foetuses of different gestational age groups were studied to see the relative position of kidney.

[1]. Sadler TW. Langman's medical embryology. 11th ed. New Delhi: Wolters Kluwer / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010.
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[3]. Moore KL, Persaud TVN. The developing human—clinically oriented embryology. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2008.
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[5]. Larsen WJ, Sherman LS, Potter SS, Scott WJ, editors. 3rd ed. China: Churchill Livingstone; 2001.
[6]. Hollinshead WH. Anatomy for surgeons-the thorax, abdomen and pelvis. 2nd ed. Vol 2. New York: Harper & Row publishers; 1971.

Keywords: Three cases of primary hyperparathyroidism presented as central giant cell granuloma of the jaw bones with various clinical manifestations and systemic background of the patients. Generally the mandible affected more by these lesions in this report two of the cases affect the maxilla, while the third case affects both upper and lower jaws. The diagnosis was confirmed by radiographical and laboratory investigation. Multifocal giant granuloma of the jaw bones is indicative of systemic diseases such as hyperparathyroidism or other disorders. Therefore, a careful examination will usually allow adequate differentiation between both lesions and to exclude or confirm hyperparathyroidism.

[1]. Edwards, P.C., et al., Bilateral central giant cell granulomas of the mandible in an 8-year-old girl with Noonan syndrome (Noonan-like/multiple giant cell lesion syndrome). Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 2005. 99(3): p. 334-340.
[2]. Triantafillidou, K., Venetis, G., Karakinaris, G. & Iordanidis, F. Central giant cell granuloma of the jaws: a clinical study of 17 cases and a review of the literature. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology,2011. 120, 167-174.
[3]. Kaffe, I Ardekian, L., Taicher, S., Littner, M. M. & Buchner, A.. Radiologic features of central giant cell granuloma of the jaws. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology.1996. 81, 720-726.
[4]. Hernandez, H.N., Lewiss, R. E., Yousem, D. M., Clerico, D. M. & Weinstein, G. S.., Central giant cell granuloma of the hard palate. Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, 1998. 118(6): p. 871-873.

Keywords: Osteochondromas or osteocartilagenous exostoses, are the most common bening neoplasms of long bones, they rarely involves spine and even rare in lumbar region. They can present as solitary or multiple forms. Till now very few cases of lumbar osteochondromas have been reported in literature. Here in we report an unusual case of solitary lumbar osteochondroma arising from L3 lamina in a 16 yr old girl presenting with lump without radiculopathy / neurological deficit. She underwent gross total excision of tumor along with removal of L3 lamina and spinous process. To the best of our knowledge till now only 6 cases of solitary osteochondrama arising from lumbar lamina have been documented in literature.

KeyWords: Lamina, Lumbar Region, Solitary Osteochondroma.

[1]. Murphey MD, Choi JJ, Kransdorf MJ, et al. Imaging of osteochondroma: variants and complications with radiologic–pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2000;20:1407–34.
[2]. Douis H, Saifuddin A. The imaging of cartilaginous bone tumours. I. Benign lesions. Skeletal Radiol 2012;41:1195–212.
[3]. Harper GD, Dicks-Mireaux C, Leiper AD. Total body irradiation- induced osteochondromata. J Pediatr Orthop.1998;18:356–358.
[4]. Albrecht S, Crutchfield JS, SeGall GK. On spinal osteochondromas. J Neurosurg 1992;77:247–52.
[5]. Chooi YS, Siow YS, Chong CS. Cervical myelopathy caused by an exostosis of the posterior arch of C1. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2005;87:257–9.
[6]. Calhoun JM, Chadduck WM, Smith JL. Single cervical exostosis: report of a case and review of the literature. Surg Neurol 1992;37:26–9.

Keywords: Background and Aims: This study aims to investigate the effect of intrathecal administration of dexmedetomidine on the duration of sensory and motor block and postoperative analgesic requirements produced by spinal bupivacaine.

[1]. Neimi L. Effects of intrathecal clonidine on duration of bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia, haemodynamins, and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing knee arthroscopy. ActaAnaesthesiolScanda 1994;38(7):724-8.
[2]. Kalso E, Poyhia R, Rpsemberg P. Spinal antinociceptive by dexmedetomidine a highly selective 2 adrenergic agonist. Pharmacology Toxicology 1991;68:140-143.
[3]. Kanazi GE, Aouad MT, Jabbour-Khoury SI, Al Jazzar MD, Alameddine MM, Al- Yaman R, et al. Effect of low dose dexmedetomidine or clonidine on the characteristics of bupivacaine spinal block. ActaAnesthesiolScand 2006;50: 222-7.
[4]. Mohamed AA, Fares KM, Mohamed SA. Efficacy of intrathecallyadministeresdexmedetomidine versus dexmedetomidine with fentanyl in patients undergoing major abdominal cancer surgery. Pain Physicial 2012;15:339-348.

Keywords: Anemia is directly or indirectly responsible for 40% of maternal deaths in India. There is 8 to 10 fold increase in Maternal Mortality Rate when the Hb falls below 5g/dl. Early detection and effective management of anemia in pregnancy can contribute substantially to reduction in maternal mortality. The present study was conducted to know the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women attending the labor ward with labor pains at Government Maternity Hospital, Tirupati, Chittoor (D.t), A.P. The hospital caters predominantly to rural population of Chittoor & Nellore districts. Hb was estimated by sahlis method and PCV was also done in 1000 women in labor.

[1]. WHO.1991.National Strategies for Overcoming Micronutrient Malnutrition.
[2]. Editors. Movement Against Anemia(MAA ) ( an initiative of the Indian Medical Association). Indian Journal for the Practicing Doctor, Vol.2, No.5 (2005-11 -2005-12)
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[5]. Maternal Mortality in India 1997-2003, Registrar General of India. Available from: http:www.censusindia.net/, accessed on December 15, 2008.
[6]. Agarwal DK , Agarwal KN, Roychaudary S. Targets in National Anemia Prophylaxis Programme for pregnant women. Indian Paediatr 1988;25;318-22.

Keywords: Gingival recession from the root surface is a great concern for many patients. Patients with high smile lines, uneven gingival margins and conspicuous root exposure may be self conscious about tissue recession. Here we present a case report of gingival recession in upper anterior teeth effectively managed by partial Gingival Porcelain Veneers.

Keywords: Gingival recession, hyper sensitivity, gingival coloured ceramic veneers

1]. Patils. Prabhu V. Danane NR, Gingival Veneer: Mask the unesthetic J. Indian SOC Periodical 2011; 15; 284-7.
[2]. LangerL, Langer B. The subepithelial connective tissue graft for treatment of gingival recession. Dent clin Narth Am1993; 37; 243-63.
[3]. Capa N. An alternative treatment approach to gingival recession: gingiva coloured partial porcelain veneers: a clinical report. J porosthet Dent 2007; 98; 82 - 841 Article / pubmed / ISI/
[4]. Ellis SG, Sharma P, Harris IR, Case Report: esthetic management of a Localised periodental defect with gingival veneer prosthesis Evr. J prosthedont Restor Dent 2000; 8; 23-26 /pubmed/
[5]. Bonding of resin composite to etchable ceramic surfaces-an insight review of the clinic chemical aspects of surface conditioning, journal of oral rehabilitation volume34, issue8, page622-630 Aug-2007.