iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2015

Abstract: Celiac disease (CD) is a syndrome which is distinguishes by damage of the small intestinal mucosa caused by the gliadin fraction of wheat gluten and similar alcohol-soluble proteins (prolamines) of barley and rye in genetically susceptible subjects. Total 100 cases were selected, having diarrhea of more than two weeks duration were enrolled in the study. All the patients having clinical suspicion would be subjected to following special investigations beside the routine investigations like stool examination done for pH, presence of fecal reducing substances (Benedict's test), occult blood (Benzidine test), microscopy and cultured. Anti - IgA TTG antibodies were assessed by indirect solid Phase immunometric assay (ELISA).

[1]. Navneet Singh Deora , 1Aastha Deswal 1 Madhuresh Dwivedi et al, Prevalence of coeliac disease in india: A mini review. International Journal of Latest Research in Science and Technology ISSN (Online):2278-5299. Volume 3, Issue 1: Page No.58-60 ,January-February 2014. http://www.mnkjournals.com/ijlrst.htm.
[2]. Sood, A., et al., Prevalence of celiac disease among school children in Punjab, North India. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2006. 21(10): p. 1622-1625.
[3]. Mohindra, S., et al., Coeliac disease in Indian children: assessment of clinical, nutritional and pathologic characteristics. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition (JHPN), 2011. 19(3): p. 204-208.
[4]. Kaur, G., et al., Pediatric celiac disease in India is associated with multiple DR3-DQ2 haplotypes. Human immunology, 2002. 63(8): p. 677-682.
[5]. Cummins, A.G. and I.C. Roberts‐Thomson, Prevalence of celiac disease in the Asia.Pacific region. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2009. 24(8): p. 1347-1

Keywords: Leiomyoma uterus is the most common tumor of the female pelvis. Ultrasonography helps to differentiate between leiomyomas and ovarian neoplasms. However, large cystic degenerations and leiomyomas located in the adnexa can mimic ovarian tumors and challenge the radiologist and the operating surgeon. We encountered two such cases, a broad ligament leiomyoma with a missing ovary and cystic degeneration of a large leiomyoma which mislead the sonologists and gynaecologists both pre and intra operatively.

Key words: leiomyoma uterus, cystic degeneration, broad ligament leiomyoma

[1]. Cetin Aydin, Serenat Eris, Yakub Yalcin, Halime Sen Selim. A giant cystic leiomyoma mimicking an ovarian malignancy. International journal of surgery case reports 4(2013)1010-1012.
[2]. Dayananda Kumar Rajanna,Vaibhav Pandey, Sujith Jasnardhan, Sujatha N Datti. Broad ligament fibroid mimicking as ovarian tumor on ultrasonography and computed tomography scan. J Clin Imaging Sci 2013,3:8 3.
[3]. Deeksha Pandy, P Priyadarshini, Mirajkar S Feroz, P S Roopa, Ranjini Kudva, Jyothi Shetty,Vani Ramkumar. Massive degenerated leiomyomas masquerading ovarian neoplasm. Sri Lanka Journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2011; 33:163-165.

Keywords: Introduction: Improving maternal health is one of the UN Millennium Development Goal. Birth of baby can trigger jumble of powerful emotions, but it may result Post Natal Depression(PND). This study was carried out to screen postnatal women suffering from depression.
Aim and Objectives: (1) To study the prevalence of postnatal depression in rural areas of Ahmedabad district by using E.P.D.S.(Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale). (2)To find out association of postnatal depression with socio-demographic and other risk factors.

[1]. The Millennium Development Goals Report (2009). [http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals]. Date of access: 12th March, 2013. [2]. Edinburgh post natal depression Scale (EPDS) [www.fresno.ucsf.edu/pediatrics/downloads/edinburghscale.pdf] Date of access: 12th March,2013
[3]. Ali NS, Ali BS, Azam IS (2009). "Post partum anxiety and depression in peri-urban communities of Karachi, Pakistan: a quasi-experimental study". BMC Public Health 9: 384. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-384. PMC 2768706. PMID 19821971
[4]. Beck, C. T. (1996a). A meta-analysis of predictors of postpartum depression. Nursing Research, 45, 297- 303.
[5]. Husain, N., Bevc, I., Husain, M., Chaudhhry, I.B., Atif, N., and Rahman, A. (2006). Prevalence and social correlates of postnatal depression in a low income country. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 9, 197-202
[6]. Mayo Clinic Staff. "Diseases and Conditions Postpartum depression". /www.mayoclinic.org. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 21 November2014.

Keywords: We present 23 years old pregnant patient diagnosed as complete heart block with implanted permanent pace maker. She underwent emergency cesarean section under epidural anaesthesia successfully. Maternal and fetal outcome was excellent.

Keywords: Complete Heart Block, Epidural Anesthesia, Permanent Pacemaker, Pregnancy.

[1]. W. Tietge And M.Daniels,A case an acquired high degree A-V block in pregnant patient Nerth Heart J. 2008 Dec16(12)419-421
[2]. Christian Balmer MD And Urs Bauersfled MD Do all children with congenital heart block require permanent pacing Indian Pacing Electrophysiology J. 2003 July-Sept,3(3);178-183 2003 July 1
[3]. Okan Erdogen MD Electromagnetic Interference on pacemaker Indian Pacing Electrophysiology J.2002 July-Sept;2(3):74-78 2002 July1
[4]. Dr. Manisha P. Modi ,etall Anaesthetic management of an unusual case of complete heart block for LSCS Indian J. Of Anaesthesia.2006;50(1):43-44
[5]. A Majeed, R Alexander. Management of parturient with a permanent pacemaker for cesarean section. The Internet Journal Of Anaesthesiology,2006 Volume13 Numbell.

Keywords: Intralobar pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital abnormality of the lower respiratory tract which becomes symptomatic early in life. Clinical presentation may vary from asymptomatic state with incidental diagnosis while imaging to severe catastrophic hemoptysis. Here we report a case of intralobar pulmonary sequestration in a male of 36 years who continued to have hemoptysis for fourteen years was misdiagnosed as a case of pulmonary tuberculosis and received complete anti tubercular therapy in a peripheral hospital.

Keywords: Intralobar, extralobar, pulmonary sequestration.

[1]. Savic B, Birtel FJ, Tholen W et al. Lung sequestration: report of seven cases and of 540 published cases. Thorax.1979; 34:96-101.
[2]. Sade RM, Clous M. The spectrum of pulmonary sequestration. Ann Thoracic Surgery.1974; 18: 644-58.
[3]. Kravitz R M. Congenital malformations of the lung. Ped Clin N Am. 1994;41/3:453-473.
[4]. Halkie N, Cuenoud P F, Corthesy M E, Ksontini R, Boumghar M.Pulmonary sequestration: a review of 26 cases. Eur J Cardiothorac. Surg. 1998; 14:127-133.
[5]. Yong W, Fan L. Pulmonary sequestration : a retrospective analysis of 2625 cases in China. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.2011;40:39-42
[6]. Sugio K, Kaneko S, Yokoyama H, Ishida T, Sugimachi K, Hasuo K. Pulmonary sequestration in older child and in adults.Int Surgery. 1992;77:102-107

Keywords: Fractures of the body of the talus are uncommon. Their relatively low incidence makes treatment of these injuries a challenge to the surgeon. A 48 year old male fell from a ladder and presented to our emergency department with talar body fracture – dislocation which was fixed internally after open reduction with cannulated cancellous screws within 6 hours of injury. He was followed up for one year. The fracture was found to be healed without any evidences of any infection, wound complications and avascular necrosis. The rarity of the case has prompted us to report this case along with review of appropriate literature.

Keywords: Avascular necrosis, fracture-dislocation, Hawkins, internal fixation, talar body.

[1]. Sneppen. et al. (1977) Fracture of the body of the talus. Acta Orthop. .Scand. 48,317.
[2]. Higgins TF, Baumgaertner MR: Diagnosis and treatment of fractures of the talus: a comprehensive review of the literature. Foot Ankle Int 1999, 20:595-605.
[3]. Ebraheim NA, Patil V, Owens C, Kandimalla Y: Clinical outcome of fractures of the talar body. International Orthopaedics (SICOT). DOI 10.1007/s00264-007-0399-5.
[4]. Vallier HA, Nork SE, Benirschke SK, Sangeorzan BJ. Surgical Treatment of Talar Body Fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2004 Sep; 86 (1 suppl 2): 180 -192 .
[5]. Charles M, Court-Brown. Fractures of talus. In Bucholz RW, Heckman JD, Court-Brown CM. Rockwood and Green's Fractures in Adults. 6th edition.
[6]. Haliburton RA, Sullivan CR, Kelly PJ, Peterson LF: The extraosseous and intra-osseous blood supply of the talus. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1958, 40:1115-1120.

Keywords: Background And Objectives: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has rapidly gained popularity due to its many advantages over the conventional cholecystectomy. Its superiority over mini-cholecystectomy however remains to be proved. M.C. is also reported to have produced results similar to L.C. Aim of this study was to determine the better of the two by comparing them with respect to various parameters. Method: 40 Patients, below 70 years of age, presenting with calculus cholecystitis, with no evidence of C.B.D. stones or other major medical illness were randomized to undergo either L.C. or M.C. Data was collected and analyzed.

[1]. Beal JM. Historical perspective of gallstone disease. Surgery,Gynecology & Obstetrics 1984; 158: 181 - 188
[2]. Glenn F, Graff WR. Historical events in biliary tract surgery. Arch Surg 1966; 93 : 849 - 852
[3]. Ross FP, Quinlan RM. Eight hundred cholecystectomies - A plea formany fewer drains. Arch Surg 1975; 110: 721-724
[4]. Hoffman J, Lorentzen M. Drainage after cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 1985; 72: 423- 427
[5]. Russell RCG, Shankar S. The stabilized ring retractor : a technique for cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 1987; 74: 826
[6]. Merrill JR. Minimal Trauma Cholecystectomy ( A " No-Touch " Procedure in a " well"). The American Surgeon 1988;54 (5): 256-261

Keywords: In this study we have examined the use of subcutaneous drain in open urological procedures maintained for 72 hrs after surgey. After randomized Allotment differences were analysed in control group (n= 43) and study group with subcutaneous drain ( n=43) , after subcutaneous drain removal .The results were gratifying with significantly Lesser SSI ,inflammation and seroma , Lesss surgical site pain , Less Induration , lesser subcutaneous edema , early mobilisation , with Lesser duration of hospital stay.

[1]. Surgical site infection .Preventiion and treatment of SSI - National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health .Guidelines. Clinical Guideline October 2008

[2]. Chowdri, Nisar Ahmad et al. Role of subcutaneous drains in obese patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy: A cohort study .International Journal of Surgery , Volume 5 , Issue 6 , 404 – 407

[3]. Allaire, A.D., Fisch, J., McMahon, M.J. Subcutaneous drain versus suture in obese women undergoing cesarean delivery, a prospective , randomized trial. J Reprod Med. 2000;45:327–331.

Keywords: The Influenza A H1N1 virus is a highly contagious pathogen which caused the 2009 influenza pandemic. Early case detection and treatment as per WHO guidelines is necessary to reduce the spread, morbidity and mortality of both confirmed and suspects of H1N1 infection and itis the foundation of all efforts to understand and control influenza.

1]. Archana Aravindan, A C Dhariwal, Avdhesh Kumar et al. Special Issue. Human Swine
[2]. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health
[3]. Vol. 4 No. 12 (2012)1881 Influenza: A Pandemic threat. CD Alert Monthly newsletter of NICD, DGHS, GOI; Mar- Apr 2009;12(8): 1-8
[4]. Itoh Y, Shinya K, Kiso M et al. In vitro and in vivo characterization of new swine-origin H1N1 influenza viruses. Nature. 2009; 460(20):1021–1025.
[5]. Zhang H, Chen L. Possible origin of current influenza A H1N1 viruses on. The Lancet. 2009; 9: 456–457.

Keywords: Epitheloid hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular neoplasm of borderline or low-grademalignant potential uncommomly seen in head and neck region and has not been reported inhypopharynx. We present here a case of epitheloid hemangioendothelioma arising from thehypopharynx in a young female patient who presented with progressive dysphagia for one year anddifficulty in breathing for one month. This is first reported case in published English literature to thebest of our knowledge.

1]. Van Haelst UJ, Pruczczynski M, Ten Cate LN, Mravunac M. Ultrastructural andimmunohistochemical study of epitheliod haemangioendothelioma of bone: coexpression ofepithelial and endothelial markers. Ultrastruc Pathol. 1990;14:141-149.
[2]. Tsuneyoshi M, Dorfman HD,Bauer TW. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of bone. Aclinicopathologic, ultrastructural ,and immunohistochemical study. Am J Surg Pathol.1986;10: 754-764.
[3]. Weiss SW, Enzinger FM. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: a vascular tumor oftenmistaken for a carcinoma. Cancer. 1982;50(5):970-981.
[4]. Tsang WYW, Chan JKC.The family of epithelioid vascular tumors.Histol Histopath 1993;8: 187–212.
[5]. McKenzie ML. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the wrist. Plast Reconstr Surg.1985;76(5):781-783.
[6]. Ellis GL, Kratochvil FJ, 3rd. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the head and neck: aclinicopathologic report of twelve cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1986;61(1):61-68..

Keywords: Neurofibroma is a benign slow growing tumour of the peripheral nerve sheath; frequently associated with neurofibromatosis type I. Diffuse neurofibroma of maxillary sinus is an exceedingly rare tumour. We report a case of a 17-year-old male patient presented in the ENT department with a painless swelling of the left side of the face for the last one year. CT scan revealed a soft tissue tumour with involvement of predominantly left premaxillary region. It also showed bilateral maxillary, right ethmoidal and sphenoid sinusitis with DNS and bilateral inferior turbinate hypertrophy.

[1]. Rosenbaum T, Rosenbaum C, Winner U, Meller HW, Lenard HG, Hanemann CO. Long-term culture and characterization of human neurofibroma-derived Schwann cells. J Neurosci Res 2000;61:524–526
[2]. RJ. Poupard, S. Mintz, "Solitary intrabony neurofibroma of the maxilla," J Oral Maxillofac Surg, Vol. 55, No. 7, 1997, pp. 768-772. M. Hirao, T. Gushiken, H. Imokawa, S. Kawai, H. Inaba, M. Tsukuda, "Solitary neurofibroma of the nasal cavity: resection with endoscopic surgery," J Laryngol Otol, Vol. 115, No. 12, 2002, pp. 1012-1014.
[3]. CC. Boedeker, GJ. Ridder, G. Kayser, J. Schipper, W. Maier, "Solitary Neurofibroma of the Maxillary Sinus and Pterygopalatine Fossa," Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, Vol. 133, No. 3, 2005, pp. 458-459.
[4]. LAE. Pereira, YB. Choo, "Schwanomma of the infraorbital nerve," Ear, Nose and Throat Journal, Vol. 58, 1979, pp. 236-239
[5]. CB. Majoie, FJ. Hulsmans, JA. Castelijns, LH. Sie, A. Walter, J. Valk, KW. Albrecht, "Primary nerve-sheath tumours of the trigeminal nerve: clinical and MRI findings," Neuroradiology, Vol. 41, No. 2, 1999, pp. 100-108.

Keywords: Ranolazine is an unique agent with antianginal activity that is independent of cardiovascular haemodynamics.It is a new drug with minimal or no significant post marketing safety & efficacy data in our region.On this background, the present study was undertaken to find out the utilisation pattern ,safety & efficacy of Ranolazine in patients of coronary artery disease in our tertiary care Hospital.

1]. Gibbons RJ, Abrams J, Chatterjee K, Daley J, Deedwania PC, Douglas JS, Ferguson TB Jr, Fihn SD, Fraker TD Jr, Gardin JM, O'Rourke RA, Pasternak RC, Williams SV. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with chronic stable angina: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Chronic Stable Angina): 2002.
[2]. Chaitman BR. Ranolazine for the treatment of chronic angina and potential use in other cardiovascular conditions. Circulation 2006; 113: 2462-72.
[3]. Chaitman BR, Skettino SL, Parker JO, Hanley P, Meluzin J, Kuch J, Pepine CJ, Wang W, Nelson JJ, Hebert DA, Wolff AA, for the Monotherapy Assessment of Ranolazine in Stable Angina (MARISA) Investigators. Anti-ischemic effects and long-term survival during ranolazine monotherapy in patients with chronic severe angina. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004; 43: 1375–1382.
[4]. Chaitman BR. Measuring antianginal drug efficacy using exercise testing for chronic angina: improved exercise performance with ranolazine, a pFOX inhibitor. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2002; 27: 527–555.

Keywords: Clinical and etiological profile of 30 cases of unresolving pneumonia attending GHCCD, Visakhapatnam was studied with special reference to demographic variables, etiology, symptomatology, location, bacteriology and outcome of medical management. The purpose of this study is to establish the etiological diagnosis of unresolving or slowly resolving pneumonia and to understand various modes of its presentation, clinical features, bacteriological and radiological features, complications and the clinical outcome of the study population.

Keywords: Etiological diagnosis, Outcome, Unresolving pneumonia.

[1]. Fein AM, Feinsilver SH: The approach to non-resolving pneumonia in the elderly.SeminRespir Infect 1993; 8:59-72.
[2]. Lehtomaki K. Clinical diagnosis of pneumococcal adenoviral mycoplasmal and mixed pneumonias in young men. EurRespir J 1988; 1:324-9.
[3]. Kuru T, Lynch JP III. Non-resolving or slowly resolving pneumonia. Clin Chest Med 1999; 20:623 51.
[4]. Fayez K, Tamim H, Walid K, Shadi L. Nonresolving pneumonia. Am J Ther2011;18:e177-9.
[5]. Menéndez R, Torres A. Treatment failure in community-acquired pneumonia. Chest 2007;32:1348-55.
[6]. Epler, G.R. Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. Definition and clinical features Chest 1992;102(suppl.1):107-23.

Keywords: Dental implants have gained wide acceptance in past few decades. The success of implant lies in successful osseointegration. The main challenge for successful osseointegration is proper treatment planning and accuracy in the surgical procedures. The ability of a surgeon to translate the ideal position of dental implant from diagnostic casts to anatomic landmark in the jaw determines the proper implant positioning. However, it is associated with increased failure rate due to lack in accuracy of stent fabrication and use of it during surgery.

1]. Verstreken K, Van Cleynenbreugel J, Martens K, et al: An imageguidedplanning system forendosseous oral implants. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 17:842–852, 1998.
[2]. Fortin T, Coudert JL, Champleboux G, et al: Computer-assisted dentalimplant surgery usingcomputed tomography. J Image GuidSurg1:53–58, 1995.
[3]. Klein M, Abrams M: Computer-guided surgery utilizing a computermilledsurgical template. PractProcedAesthet Dent 13:165–169, quiz170, 2001.
[4]. Sarment DP, Al-Shammari K, Kazor CE: Stereolithographic surgicaltemplates for placement of dental implants in complex cases. Int JPeriodontics Restorative Dent 23:287–295, 2003.

Keywords: Acinetobacter recently gained interest as a cause of serious wound infection particularly in burn patients. Despite considerable advancements in burn wound care and infection control practices, infection remains the leading cause of death. The most frequently recovered organism depends on a patient's normal flora, duration of hospitalization, technique of selection.

[1]. Christiansen KJ, MacCullough C, Coombs G , Multiresistant organisms isolated from victims of the Bali terrorist bombing. In: Program and abstracts of the 43rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (Chicago). Washington DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2003:359. Abstract K696.
[2]. Deye GA, Riddell SW, Bradley W, Endy TP. Microbiology of infected traumatic war wounds in operation Iraqi Freedom. In: Program and abstracts of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (Boston). Alexandria VA: Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2004:256. Abstract LB-9.
[3]. Herper M. The Iraq infection. Promed; 3-8-2005. Available at: http://www .promedmail.org. Accessed June 20, 2006. Archive no. 20050803.2248.
[4]. Scott PT, Petersen K, Fishbain J,Acinetobacter baumannii infections among patients at military medical facilities treating injured USA service members, 2002-2004. Promed; 19-11-2004. Available at: http://www.promedmail.org. Accessed June 20, 2006. Archive no. 20041119.3105

Keywords: Objective: To establish a quality control tool which assesses the rate of rebook in special investigations involving conventional radiography. Materials and methods: This was a prospective, observational and interactive study between the researchers and the professionals involved in carrying out the special investigations; Radiologists, Radiographers and departmental Nurses.

1]. Ofori EK, Antwi WK, Arthur L, Yeboah CA, Dzefi-Tettey K. Analysis and Economic Implications of X-ray Film Repeat/Reject in Selected Hospitals in Ghana. West African Journal of Radiology,2013;20(1):14-18
[2]. Leddy KM, Kaldengberg DO and Becker BW. Timeliness in Ambulatory Care Treatment: An Examination of Patient Satisfaction and Wait times in Medical Practices and Outpatient Test and Treatment Facilities. Journal of Ambulatory Care and Management,2003;26(2):138–49.
[3]. Onwuzu WI Sobechukwu, Ugwuja C. Mabel and Adejoh Thomas. Assessment of Patient's Waiting Time in the Radiology Department of a Teaching Hospital. ARPN Journal of Science and Technology,2014;4(3): 183-186.
[4]. Owusu-Banahene J., Darko E.O. , Hasford F., Addison E.K. and Okyere Asirifi J. Film reject analysis and image quality in diagnostic Radiology Department of a Teaching hospital in Ghana. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 2014;7(4):589–594

Keywords: Unilateral absent pulmonary artery is an uncommon condition and may be associated with other cardiac diseases. Patients without associated cardiac abnormality usually present in adulthood with symptoms of dyspnea, hemoptysis etc. We encountered an adult with absent right pulmonary artery who presented with hemoptysis and on investigations turn out to have absent right pulmonary artery. Considering its rarity, being reported.

Key word: Hemoptysis, Unilateral absent pulmonary artery

[1]. Poll PE, Vogel JHK. Blount SG jr. Congenital unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery: the importance of flow in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Cardiology 1962; 10:706-32.
[2]. Turner DR, Vincent JA, Epstein ML. Isolated right pulmonary artery discontinuity. Images Paediatr Cardiol 2000; 4:24-30.
[3]. Bouros D, Pare P, Panagou P, Tsintiris K, Siafakas N. The varied manifestations of pulmonary artery agenesis in adulthood. Chest 1995; 108:670-6.
[4]. Sotiria CA, Nikolaos LK, Elias NB, Spyridon R, Dimitrios AK. Absent pulmonary artery in one adult and five pediatric patients: imaging, embryology and therapeutic implication. American Journal of Roentgenology 2002; 179:1253-60.
[5]. Kieffer SA, Amlataj K,Anderson RC, Lillehei CW. Proximal interruption of the pulmonary artery.Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 1962;87:917-28

Keywords: The aim of this study was to determine the common Sonographic gynaecological pelvic ultrasound pattern among women and relate it to age groups commonly affected. Method: A retrospective study was conducted, reviewing 1035 ultrasound patients' reports in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. Data collected was organized according to age group, indications, and ultrasound findings, and analyzed using SPSS Version 17.0 statistical software. Descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation and percentages were calculated and tabulated for the study.

[1]. Okaro E, Valentin L. The Role of ultrasound in the management of women with Acute and chronic pelvic pain: Best practices And Research Clinical obstetrics And Gynecology. 2004;18:105-123. Karnath BM, Breitkopf DM .Acute and Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women. 2007, 41-48. Available at http://www.turner.white.com.pp. [Accessed on 15 Nov, 2012].
[2]. Singh A. Acute pelvic pain dealing with challenge. Department of Emergency Medicine, California: Alameda Medical Centre. 2010 Williams LL, Ozaksit G, Caglar T, Zorlu CG, Chronic Pelvic Pain in Adolescent Women Diagnostic Laparoscopy and Ultrasonography. Journal of Reproductive Biology. 2004;216:440-443.
[3]. Kristina S, Caroline vv And Aino F. Clinical Diagnosis of Pelvic inflammatory Disease. Bnic women's Health. 2006; 6;16. Available at http://www.Biomedicalcentral.com. [Accessed on 15 Nov, 2012].
[4]. Njoku J,Mishell DR, Grimes DA, Kooning PP, The value of TAS in the Diagnosis And Management of PID: Nigerian Journal of Medical Imaging And Radiotherapy. 2007;1:24-29.

Keywords: Development of human lower limb and Foot structure make a triad that distinguished men from other mammalian. Particularly An arched foot is most distinctive feature of man. Pes planus (flat feet) means "a condition in which the longitudinal arch is broken down, the entire sole touching the ground" the aim of present study To calculate PI & establish association between BMI and flat foot. The study was conducted on 100 children of 5-11 age group having flat foot.

[1]. Engel GM, Staheli LT. The natural history of torsion and other factors influencing gait in childhood. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1974; 99:12-7. [2]. Hernandez AJ. Pé plano flácido e frouxidão ligamentar generalizada: estudo clínico em 125 crianças [dissertação]. São Paulo:Universidade de São Paulo; 1990. [3]. Laitman JT, Jaffe WL. A review of the current concepts on the evolution of the human foot. Foot Ankle 1982; 2:284-90. [4]. Campbell`s operative orthopaedics, pes planus edi. 11nth vol-4 page 4587
[5]. Lee MS, Vanore JV, Thomas JL, Catanzariti AR, Kogler G, Kravitz SR, Miller SJ, Gassen SC. Diagnosis and treatment of adult flat foot Journal of ankle surgery 2005;44(2)78-113.
[6]. Eknoyan, Garabed (January 2008). "Adolphe Quetelet (1796–1874)—the average man and indices of obesity". Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 23 (1): 47–51. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfm517. PMID 17890752.

Keywords: Pregnancy induced hypertension is one of the threatening problem and complication arising from it are also common which lead to several maternal and foetal death. During pregnancy, examination of mother and foetus done properly but what is overlooked is placenta, as it cannot be measured directly until after birth. Foetal distress, intrauterine foetal death and placental abnormalities are common in pregnancy induced hypertension. Rate of preterm birth range from 5 to10 percent of deliveries in developing countries (HslehTʼSang-TʼSang 2005). About two third of preterm deliveries are due to spontaneous onset of preterm labour or preterm premature rupture of membranes.

[1]. BeischerN.A.,SivasambooR.,VohraS. and Stanley Reid (1970): Placental hypertrophy in severe pregnancy anaemia.J.of Obstet.Gynec.Brit.Comm.wealth.Vol.77:398-409.
[2]. Brosens I. Renaer M. (1972): On the pathogenesis of placental infarcts in pre-eclampsia.J.obstet.Gynaec.Brit.Cwlth.79:794-799.
[3]. Browne JCM, Veall N. (1953): the maternal blood flow in normotensive and hypertensive women.JObst. Gynaecol of British Empire, 60:141-147
[4]. Carolyn M. Salafia, Elizabeth Maas, John M.Thorp, Barbara Eucker, John C Pezzullo and David A. Savitz (2005): Measures of placental growth in relation to birth weight and gestational age. American J. Of epidemiology 160(10):991-998.
[5]. ChakravortyA.P. (1967): Foetal and placental weight changes in normal pregnancy and pre-eclapsia.J.obstet.Gynaec.Brit.Cwlth.74:247-253.