iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2015

Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate a potential relationship between the lateral incisor morphology and palatal canine impaction on 3D CBCT images.This retrospective study was based on the treatment records of 34 patients with one or both canines palatally impacted and 30 patients without canine impaction. The following morphometric parameters were evaluated in each patient on the upper lateral incisors: crown and root length, length ratio of the crown and root, mesiodistal and labiolingual width at the cementoenamel junction, and mesiodistal and labiolingual width at the middle of the root.The lateral incisors on the side of the impacted canine are shorter in the group of patients with impaction in comparison with the control group without impaction.

[1]. Camillieri S, Lewis CM, McDonald F. Ectopic maxillary canines: segregation analysis and a twin study. J Dent Res 2008; 87: 580-3
[2]. Newcomb MR. Recognition and interception of aberrant canine eruption. Angle Orthodont. 1959; 29:161-168
[3]. Langberg BJ, Peck S. Tooth-size reduction associated with occurrence of palatal displacement of canines. Angle Orthodont. 2000; 70:126-128.
[4]. Becker A, Sharabi S, Chaushu S. Maxillary tooth size variation in dentitions with palatal canine displacement. Eur. J. Orthodont. 2002; 24:313- 318.
[5]. Leifert S, Jonas IE. Dental anomalies as a microsymptom of palatal canine displacement. J. orofac. Orthop. 2003; 64:108-120
[6]. Peck S, Peck L, Kataja M. Prevalence of tooth agenesis and peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisor associated with palatally displaced canine (PDC) anomaly. Amer. J. Orthodont. Dentofacial Orthop. 1996; 110:441 -443

Keywords: Heart disease complicating pregnancy is an important indirect cause of maternal mortality. The present study aims to know the prevalence, aetiological factors, type of lesion, maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancies complicated by heart disease. The prevalence in the study period was 0.43 %. Rheumatic heart disease was the commonest aetiological factor, followed by congenital heart disease. Mitral stenosis was the commonest lesion is the rheumatic group and atrial stenosis was the commonest lesion in the congenital group. Maternal and fetal outcome was good in the NYHA functional class I and II and guarded in the class III and IV .

[1]. Uebing A, Steer PJ, Yentis SM, Gatzoulis MA. Pregnancy and congenital heart disease. British Medical Journal .2006;332:401–6.
[2]. Vera Regitz-Zagrosek (Chairperson) (Germany)*, Carina Blomstrom Lundqvist (Sweden), Claudio Borghi (Italy), Renata Cifkova (Czech Republic), Rafael Ferreira (Portugal), Jean-Michel Foidart† (Belgium).ESC Guidelines on the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy. European Heart Journa.l (2011)32, 3147–3197.
[3]. Weiss BM, Von segesser LK, Alon E Outcome of cardiovascular surgery and pregnancy: A systematic review of the period 1984-1996. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1998: 179; 1643-1653.
[4]. Lara A. Friel. Heart disorders in pregnancy. Merck Manual Professional Edition. 2014. online publication
[5]. Khairy P, Ionescu-Ittu R, Mackie AS, Abrahamowicz M, Pilote L, Marelli AJ. Changing mortality in congenital heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Sep 28;56(14):1149-57.

Abstract: Bilateral proptosis in a case of acute myeloid luekemia is a rare and unusual presentation. The extramedullary proliferation of the myeloblasts is known as myeloid sarcoma. It is also known as chloroma. About 2% of AML cases presents as myeloid sarcoma. It has approximately the same rate of occurrence in both sexes. Children are more often affected than adults. We report a very unusual case of acute myeloid leukemia in a 3 year old patient presenting with sudden onset bilateral proptosis as its initial manifestation. Radiological investigation, fnac and bone marrow study was done for confirmation. The purpose of reporting such a rare entity is to highlight AML as a rare but important differential diagnosis of bilateral proptosis.

Keywords: acute myeloid leukemia, chloroma, proptosis.

[1]. S. Duke Elder, Orbital involvement in leukaemia, System of Ophthalmology, vol. X111, Henry Kimpton, London, 1974, pp. 1073–1076.
[2]. Burns A (1811) Observation on the surgical anatomy of the head and neck. Thomas Royce & Co, Edinburg, United Kingdom.
[3]. Pui MH, Fletcher BD, Langston JW. Granulocytic sarcoma in childhood leukemia: imaging features. Radiology 1994;190:698–702
[4]. Burn, Observations of surgical anatomy of the Head and Neck, Thomas Royce and Company, Edinburgh, 1811, pp. 364–366.
[5]. Wiernik PH. Extramedullary manifestations of adult leukemia. Am Cancer Society atlas of clinical oncology adult leukemias. London: BC Decker, 2001: 275–305.
[6]. Pileri SA, Ascani S, Cox MC, et al myeloid sarcoma: clinico-pathologic, phenotypic and cytogenetic analysis of 92 adult patients. Leukemia 2007;21: 340–350.

Abstract: Myelinated retinal nerve fibres are rare congenital,non progressive anomalies that appear as grey white opaque lesions with feathery edges that obscure retinal details.These lesions are asymptomatic and are detected incidentally on routine ophthalmological examination.Although generally they are considered to be benign fundoscopicfinding,myelinated nerves have been associated with visual field defects,severemyopia,amblyopia,anisometropia and strabismus.We report a 55 year old male patient with bilateral,multipledistinctmyelinated nerve fibresseen in association with ocular hypertension and comitantexotropia.

Keywords: Alternatingexotropia,Ocularhypertension,Myelinated retinal nerve fibres.

[1] Virchow VR. Zurpathologischen anatomic der netzaut und des scherven.Virchows Arch Pathol Anat. 1856;10:170–193..
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[4] Fitz Gibbon T,Nestorovskiz.Morphological consequences of myelination in the humanretina.Experimental eye research .1997;65(6):809-19.
[5] Bozkurt B, Yildirim MS, Okka M, Bitirgen G.GAPO syndrome: Four new patients with congenital glaucoma and myelinated retinal nerve fiber layer.Am J Med Genet A. 2013 Apr;161A(4):829-34.
[6] Traboulsi EI, Lim JI, Pyeritz R, Goldberg HK, Haller JA. A new syndrome of myelinated nerve fibres, vitreoretinopathy, and skeletal malformations. Arch Ophthalmol 1993; 111: 1543–1545.

Abstract: Background: Maternal anaemia is a common problem in pregnancy, particularly in developing countries. Iron requirements increase during pregnancy, and a failure to maintain sufficient levels of iron may result in adverse maternal-fetal outcome. Aim Of Study: To determine the effect of maternal anaemia on haemoglobin level and birth weight of the new borns Study Place And Duration: Study conducted at Regional institute of medical sciences(RIMS), Imphal, Deptt. Of Physiology in collaboration with Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department from November 2014 to April 2015.

[1]. Elgari MM, Waggiallah HA.Assessment of hematological parameters of neonatal cord blood in anemic and non-anemic mothers. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Research. 2013;1(2).22-25.
[2]. Qaiser DH, Sandila MP, Omair A, Ghori GM. Correlation of routine haematological parameters between normal maternal blood and the cord blood of healthy newborns in selected hospitals of Karachi. Journal of the college of physicians and surgeons Pakistan. 2013;23(2):128-131.
[3]. Mamoury G.H., Hamedy A.B., Akhlaghi F. Cord haemoglobin in newborn in correlation with maternal haemoglobin in Northeastern Iran. IJMS. 2003;28(3):166-168.
[4]. AL-Hilli NM. The effect of maternal anaemia on cord blood haemoglobin and newborn birth weight. Karbala journal of medicine. 2010;2(8-9).
[5]. Tanmoun N. The hematological status between early and delayed cord clamping after normal delavery in term infants at Damnoen Saduak Hospital. Thai journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. 2013;21(2):63-71.

Abstract: Lung cancer is considered as the leading cause of cancer death among both men and women.It is also one of the most common cancers in the world. The majority of lung cancers are related to smoking. Objective :This study was intended toidentify thehistopathological typesof lung cancer in relation to gender,age, and smoking habit in a sample of Iraqi patients. Patient and methods:A retrospective study, included a total of 170 patients with histopathologically proved primary lung cancer were targeted by this study. All lung cancer cases diagnosed during a period of one year from January 2011 until December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed based on the data of the national center for early detection of cancer, Baghdad teaching hospital, and Ghazi Alhariry hospital in the medical city complex in Baghdad.

[1]. Ferlay J, Bray F, Pisani P, Parkin DM. GLOBOCAN 2002: Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide, Version 2.0. IARC Cancer Base No. 5. IARC Press, Lyon 2010
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[3]. EttingerD.Lung Cancer and Other Pulmonary Neoplasms. In:Ausiello D editors.Cecil's Textbook of Medicine .23nd ed. Philadelphia,PA,USA:Saunders,2007.p 1456-1457.
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[5]. Lubin JH, Blot WJ: Assessment of lung cancer risk factors by histological category. J Natl Cancer Inst73:383-389, 1984,
[6]. Pemberton JH, Nagorney DM, Glimore JC, TaylorWF, Bernatz PE: Bronchogenic carcinoma in patients youngerthan 40 years. Ann ThoracSurg36:509-515, 1983

Abstract: Effective risk stratification is integral to the management of patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and has an impact on early therapeutic decision making. In addition, increasing economic pressures have intensified the need for appropriate triage and clinical resource utilization. Tools that enhance the clinician's ability to rapidly and accurately assess risk are thus of substantial interest.

[1]. Wiviott SD, Morrow DA, Frederick PD, Giugliano RP, Gibson CM, McCabe CH, et al. Performance of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk index in the National registry of myocardial infarction-3 and 4. A simple index that predicts mortality in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:783-9.
[2]. Lee KL, Woodlief LH, Topol EJ. Comparing AMI mortality in the era of reperfusion for acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1995;91:1659=68.
[3]. Morrow DA, Antman EM, Giugliano RP, Cairns R, Charlesworth A, Murphy SA, et al. A simple risk index for rapid initial triage of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction: an InTIME-II substudy. Lancet 2001;358:1571-5.
[4]. InTIME-II investigators. Intravenous nPA for the treatment of infracting myocardium early (InTIME-II), a double blind comparison of single bolus lanoteplase vs. accelerated alteplase or the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2000;21:2005-13.

Abstract: Laser technology is a new breakthrough in prosthodontics, but a practitioner or a dental student has very little knowledge about the uses of lasers in prosthodontics .This article outlines the basics of lasers ,uses of lasers in dentistry in general , applications of lasers in various fields of prosthetic dentistry and also illustrates measures to control laser hazards .

Keywords: Lasers, Prosthetic Dentistry,LaserSafety,Laser Hazards.

[1] S. Parker. Introduction, history of lasers and laser light production. BritDent J, 202(1), 2007, 21-31.
[2] Roy George. Laser in dentistry-Review. Int J Of Dent Clin, 1(1), 2009, 13-19.
[3] Donald J. Coluzzi. Fundamentals Of Dental Lasers: Science And Instruments. Dent Clin N Am 48 (2004) 751–770.
[4] Donald J. Coluzzi. Fundamentals of lasers in dentistry: Basic Science,Tissue interaction and instrumentation .J Laser Dent 16 (Spec. Issue), 2008, 4-10.
[5] RajatBhandari ,KarteshSingla, Simarpreet Virk Sandhu,AdityaMalhotra,Harmandeep Kaur, Arshdeep Kaur Pannu. Soft tisue applications of lasers: A review. IntJ Dent R, 2(1), 2014, 16-19.

Abstract: Hyperglycemia is the major factor responsible for the development of diabetic microvascular complications and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) by means of glucotoxicity. Effective glycemic controlnot only reduces the incidence of microvascular complications, but also corrects the metabolic abnormalities that contribute to the progression of the disease.

[1]. Cangoz.s, Chang.Y.Y, Chempakaseril.S,J, Guduru.R.C, Huynh.L.M, John.J.S, et al., The kidney as a new target for antidiabetic drugs: SGLT2 inhibitors. jcpt 2013;38:350-359.
[2]. Nauck.M.A, Update on developments with SGLT2 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes 2014;8:1335-1380.
[3]. Clar.C, Gill.J.A, Court.R, Waugh.N, Systematic review of SGLT2 receptor inhibitors in dual or triple therapy in type 2 diabetes, 2012;2:1-12.
[4]. Lin.H.W, Tseng.C.H, A review on the relationship between SGLT2 inhibitors and cancer 2014; august 3:1-6.
[5]. Inzucchi.E.S, Zinman.B, Warner.C, Ferrari.R, Fichett.D, Hantel.S et al., SGLT2 inhibitors and cardiovascular risk: Proposed pathways and review of ongoing outcome trials 2015;2:90-100.

Abstract: Introduction: Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) with back pain known as Bertolotti's syndrome is a relatively common skeletal anomaly with a debated role in low back pain. The aim of our study is to characterize the clinical presentation of patients with Bertolotti's syndrome, and to describe the results of treatment offered .

[1]. BERTOLOTTI M: CONTRIBUTO ALLA CONOSCENZA DEI VIZI DIFFERENZA-ZIONE REGIONALE DEL RACHIDE CON SPECIALE RIGUARDO ALL ASSIMILAZIONE SACRALE DELLA V. LOMBARE. RADIOL MED 1917, 4:113-144
[2]. Elster AD. Bertolotti's syndrome revisited: transitional vertebrae of the lumbar spine. Spine 1989;14:1373–7
[3]. [3]Seçer M, Muradov JM, Dalgiç A: Evaluation of congenital lumbosacral malformations and neurological findings in patients with low back pain. Turk Neurosurg 19:145–148, 2009
[4]. Tilley P. Is sacralization a significant factor in lumbar pain?. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1970;70(3):238.
[5]. Luoma K, Vehmas T, Raininko R, Luukkonen R, Riihimäki H: Lumbosacral transitional vertebra: relation to disc degeneration and low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 29:200–205,2004 .

Abstract: Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative granulomatous disease characterized by multiple abscesses and draining sinuses. It usually manifests as cervico-facial, thoracic or abdominal actinomycosis. Cutaneous actinomycosis is extremely rare. Definitive diagnosis depends upon the clinical triad of painless subcutaneous nodules, sinuses and discharge followed by histological examination. Moreover, treatment can be challenging. Combined antibiotic therapy is preferable to monotherapy to avoid drug resistance and to eradicate residual infection.

[1] Sudhakar SS, Ross JJ. Short-term treatment of actinomycosis: two cases and a review. Clin Infect Dis. 2004; 38(3):444-7.
[2] Khandelwal R, Jain I, Punia S et al. Primary actinomycosis of the thigh - a rare soft tissue infection with review of literature. JRSM Short Rep. 2012; 3(4):24.
[3] Metgud SC, Sumati H, Sheetal P. Cutaneous actinomycosis: a rare case. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2007; 25(4):413-5.
[4] Mirza M, Sarwar M. Recurrent cutaneous actinomycosis. Pak J Medical Sci 2003; 19(3):230–232.

Abstract: Background: Spirometry tests after bronchodilator administration are used to evaluate the reversibility of airway obstructions and to determine degree of the response to the bronchodilator. However, the frequencies of bronchodilator responses in non-obstructive spirometry patterns have been assessed in few studies. Patients and Methods: one hundred thirty three subjects with respiratory symptoms who underwent reversibility spirometry were enrolled in this study. The data were analyzed retrospectively. The subjects were grouped into two categories of obstructive and non-obstructive (the non-obstructive group was further classified into normal, restrictive, and mixed subgroups) patterns based on the baseline ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to the vital capacity (FEV1/VC ratio) and the vital capacity (VC).

[1]. McCormack M C, Stoller J K and Hollingsworth H. Office spirometry. UpToDate. last updated: Jun 13, 2013. 2015. [2]. Enright P, Quanjer P. Don't diagnose mild COPD without confirming airway obstruction after an inhaled bronchodilator. COPD 2007; 4:89.
[3]. Han MK, Kim MG, Mardon R, et al. Spirometry utilization for COPD: how do we measure up? Chest 2007; 132:403.
[4]. Lee TA, Bartle B, Weiss KB. Spirometry use in clinical practice following diagnosis of COPD. Chest 2006; 129:1509.
[5]. Lin K, Watkins B, Johnson T , et al. Screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using spirometry: summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2008;148:535.

Abstract: Background: Bone mineral density (BMD) is a standard measure for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk. Breast cancer (BCA) itself may increase osteoclastic activity and subsequently enhancing bone resorption Objective:To assessthe prevalence and predictors of low BMD in Iraqi patients with BCA.

[1]. Sariego J. Breast cancer in the young patient. The American Surgeon 2010; 76(12):1397-11401.
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[3]. Soules MR, Sherman S, Parrott E, et al. Executive summary:Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop(STRAW) Park City, Utah, July, 2001. Menopause2001;8:402–7.
[4]. Prevention and management of osteoporosis. WHO Scientific Group. World Health Organization Technical Report Series 2003; 921:1-164
[5]. Gorial FI, Aubaese ND, Husaeen NH. Prevalence and associated factors of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Iraqi women:A Cross-Sectional Two Centers Study. I J Mod Bio and Med 2013; 3(1) :41-9

Abstract: Nitrous oxide first synthesized by Joseph Priestly in 1722. Its pschychotropic effects were first appreciated by Humbphrey Davy. Its association with Haematologic disease was reported by Larsen et tal in 1956.Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase is one of the main regulatory enzyme in metabolism of Homocysteine. Mutation in MTHR gene led to reduced activity of enzyme and hyperhomo cysteinemia. C677T and A 1298C mutations are two most common mutations.

[1]. Bodin L, Axelsson G, Ahlborg G: The association of shift work and nitrousoxide exposure in pregnancy with birth weight and gestational age. Epidemiology1999; 10:429–36
[2]. Axelsson G, Ahlborg G, Bodin L: Shift work, nitrous oxide exposure, and spontaneous abortion among Swedish midwives. Occup Environ Med 1996; 53:374–8
[3]. Boivin JF: Risk of spontaneous abortion in women occupationally exposed to anaesthetic gases: A meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 1997; 54:541–8
[4]. Rowland AS, Baird DD, Weinberg CR, Shore DL, Shy CM, Wilcox AJ:Reduced fertility among women employed as dental assistants exposed to highlevels of nitrous oxide. N Engl J Med 1992; 327:993–7

Abstract: Background: There are many causes of facial melanosis like melasma , lichen planus actinicas, frictional melanosis , post inflammatory hyperpigmentation but acanthosisnigricans was not well recognized as a cause of facial pigmentation . Objectives: To evaluate all cases of acanthosis nigricans of face, clinically and histopathologically and to study other associated features of acanthosis nigricans.

[1] Sharquie KE, Noaimi AA. Gazelle Eye Facial Melanosis (Clinico-Histopathological Study).Pigmentary Disorders 2014 : 2.;2.1000 111.
[2] Houp KR, Crus PD. Acanthosis Nigricans. In: Fitzpatrick TB, Freedberg IM, Eison AZ, Wolff K, Austen KF, Gold Smith LA, Katz SI (eds). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine, 5thed, New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company.1999; 40: 244-252.
[3] Fine RM: Acanthosis Nigricans. Int J Dermatol. 1991; 30; 17-18..1999; 40: 244- 252.
[4] Tasjian D, Jarratt M: Familial acanthosis nigricans. Arch. Dermatol 120:1351, 1984 [PMID: 6486848].
[5] Sharquie KE, Al- Bayatti AA , Al- Zaidi QM, Al-Bahar AJ. Acanthosis nigricans as skin manifestation of polycystic ovaries syndrome in primary infertile females. Middle East Fertility Society Journal ; 9.2. 2004 ;9:136-139.

Abstract: Background: Medico-legal autopsy otherwise known as coroners autopsy dates back to 4000BC. It was performed to protect the future what is known as horuspicy. All deaths due to unnatural causes and deaths that are believed to be due to natural causes but the cause of death is not certain or known are subject to inquest. The objective of an inquest is to ascertain a verdict whether the death was due to a natural, accidental, suicidal or homicidal cause. The inquest system exists in all parts of the world. In English legal system the person who conducts an inquest is called a coroner. In Nigeria medico-legal autopsy dates back to 1917.

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[3]. King LS, Mechan MC: A history of autopsy. A review, Am J Pathol. 1973; 73: 514 – 541.
[4]. Dawson WR: the beginnings: Egypt and Assyria. New York, 1930, Paul B Hoeber

Abstract: Objectives To determine pre operative anxiety & stress levels in patients undergoing minor oral surgical procedures including tooth extraction. Material and Methods: .The present study was conducted in patients attending the department of oral & maxillofacial surgery indira Gandhi government dental college Jammu. Minor oral surgical procedures include tooth extractions, impactions, peri apical surgeries, biopsies, osteomyelitis, cyst enucleation etc. The sample size for this study was 150 patients, 75 females, & 75 males. Age group ranged from 17 -55 years old. Pre operative anxiety was evaluated by Hamilton anxiety scale

[1]. Miller AA. Psychological considerations in dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc. 1970; 81:941-8.
[2]. Stirling L, Raab G, Alder EM, Robertson F. Randomized trial of essential oils to reduce per operative patient anxiety: feasibility study. J Adv Nurs. 2007; 60(5): 494-501.
[3]. Spaulding NJ. Reducing anxiety by pre-operative education: make the future familiar. Occupy Ther Int. 2003; 10(4):278-293.
[4]. Starkweather AR, Witek- Janusek L, Nockels RP, Peterson J, Mathews HL. Immune function, pain, and psychological stress in patients undergoing spinal surgery. Spine. 2006; 31(18):E641-E647.
[5]. Kain ZN, Mayes LC, Caldwell-Andrews AA, Karas DE & McClain BC. Preoperative anxiety, postoperative pain, and behavioral recovery in young children undergoing surgery. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 651-8.

Abstract: Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements (CCRs) involving three or more chromosomes are often detected in phenotypically normal female patients with an adverse obstetric history. Here, we report a 27-yr-old phenotypically normal female with a history of multiple pregnancy failures and carrying a complex chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosomes 4, 10, and 16. CCRs are difficult to interpret using routine cytogenetic studies with GTG banding. FISH was used to clarify and for the correct interpretation of the CCR.

Key words: complex chromosomal rearrangement, FISH, cytogenetics, chromosomes 4, 10 and 16, infertility

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[4]. Patsalis PC, Evangelidou P, Charalambous S, Sismani C, Fluorescence in situ hybridization characterization of apparently balanced translocation reveals cryptic complex chromosomal rearrangements with unexpected level of complexity, Eur J Hum Genet,12(8), 2004,647-53.
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Abstract: Pseudoaneurysms of vertebral artery are extremely rare and can be caused by penetrating or blunt trauma.Injuries of vertebral artery are far less common compared to other extracranial carotid arteries due to its deep location and anatomical protection in vertebra.We are reporting a case of a 30 year old male patient who developed a pseudoaneurysm of vertebral artery following anterior decompression surgery for cervical spinal stenosis.

Key Words: angiography, embolization ,pseudoaneurysm, vertebral artery.

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Abstract: Background: To assess the oral health knowledge, attitude, practices and oral health status among urban and rural school teachers in and around Lucknow. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 797 school teachers of rural and urban, lucknow using W. H.O Oral Health Survey (1997) to assess the knowledge, attitude, practices and oral health status. Descriptive analysis was done and data was analyzed using chi square and ANOVA test.

[1]. Beley George, Joseph John, S.Saravanan, I.meignana Arumugham. Oral health knowledge, attitude and practices of school teachers in Chennai. JIAPHD 2010; 15: 21-26
[2]. Vinaya Pai, Peter S. Sequeria, Ashwini Rao, M. Kundabala. Dental awareness among Kannada and English medium primary school teachers in Mangalore city. JIAPHD 2006; 7: 13-17
[3]. The World oral Health Report. Continuous improvement of oral health in the 21 century- the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme Geneva 2004
[4]. The World oral Health Report. Continuous improvement of oral health in the 21 century- the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme Geneva 2006

Abstract: Depression is characterized by the absence of a positive affect and low mood. Aim &Objectives: Screening of school Children and adolescents of age group 10 -17 years for depression by questionnaire survey to know the status of depression in urban areas of Tamilnadu. Material & methods: This observational cross sectional study was carried out in chennai medical college Hospital & Research centre with the sample size of 240 school children & adolescents of both sexes in urban school of Tamilnadu by pre-tested self administered "Goldberg Depression Questionnaire" Statistics: Descriptive Statistical analysis &Non parametric test were applied for Analysis.

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