iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2015

Abstract: Aim: To determine the incidence of variation in canal anatomy of maxillary posterior teeth in patients in Chennai using non invasive Cone Beam Computerized Tomography. Background: The success of endodontic therapy is determined largely by a good understanding, cleaning and shaping of the canal anatomy followed by effective obturation. In the past, this was achieved primarily by endodontic exploration although conventional radiography did help when multiple angles were used. The onset of CBCT provides the opportunity to assess canal anatomy 3-dimensionally in a non-invasive manner. The advances in CBCT technology that have resulted in reduced radiation have also made it practical to use CBCT for diagnostic assessment of canal morphology. The dentist can then be prepared to explore the pulp chamber at the right depth and location to identify variations in canal anatomy in order to clean them effectively.

1]. Grossman IL, Oliet S, Del Rio E. Endodontic Practice. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea and Fabringer; 1988:145–51.
[2]. Clinical Applications of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Dental Practice William C. Scarfe, BDS, FRACDS, MS; Allan G. Farman, BDS, PhD, DSc; Predag Sukovic, BS, MS, PhD
[3]. Patel S, Horner K. The use of cone beam computed tomography in endodontics. Int Endod J 2009;42:755–6.
[4]. A study of root canal morphology of human primary incisors and molars using cone beam computerized tomography: An in vitro study.Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Vol. 31, No. 4, October-December, 2013, pp. 254-259. Vivek Kumar Adlakha, Vivek Gaurav, Vivek Rana, Nikhil Srivastava
[5]. A cone-beam computed tomography study of the root canal morphology of anterior teeth in a Turkish population. Mustafa Altunsoy, Evren Ok, Bilge Gulsum Nur, Osman Sami Aglarci, Enes Gungor, and Mehmet Colak. Eur J Dent. 2014 Jul-Sep; 8(3): 302–306. doi: 10.4103/1305-7456.137630.

Abstract: Background: Pulp stones are discrete calcified masses found in the dental pulp. Etiology and development of the pulp stones are largely unknown.. Aim: To determine the prevalence of pulp stones in urban and rural population of latur, Maharashtra Material And Methods: 250 dental out patients within age group of18 to 70 years were involved in the study. Bitewing radiographs of right and left side of each patient was taken using intraoral radiographicunit, presence or absence of pulp stones was recorded .Data was analyzed by statistics program for windows version

[1]. Baghdady VS, Ghose LJ, Nahoom HY. Prevalence of pulp stones in a teenage Iraqi group. J Endod 1988;14:309-11
[2]. Jinfeng Zeng, Fang Yang, Wei Zhang, Qimei Gong, Yu Du, and JunqiLingAssociation between dental pulp stones and calcifying nanoparticles
[3]. whiteSC,PharoahMJ.Oral Radiology Principles and Interpretation.4thed.St Louis:Mosby;2000.
[4]. Goga R, Chandler NP, Oginni AO. Pulp stones: A review. IntEndod J 2008;41:457-68
[5]. Moss-Salentijn L, Klyvert MH. Epithelially induced denticles in the pulps of recently erupted, noncarious human premolars. J Endod 1983;9:554-60.
[6]. Sundell JR, Stanley HR, White CL. The relationship of coronal pulp stone formation to experimental operative procedures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1968;25:579-89

Abstract: Testicular torsion is frequently seen in children and young adult , but very few cases has been described in testicular torsion in the undescended testis. We presented this case to describe the clinical and radiological features of testicular torsion in the undescended testis in a young adult .

Keywords: USG- Ultrasonography, CT- Computed Tomography MRI- Magnetic Resonance Imaging

[1]. Baker K, Paper FP: Torsion of the testis. Br. J. Urol., 36; 35-41, 1964.
[2]. Macmoca MF : Torsion of the testis in childhood. Br. J. Surg., 62; 35--41, 1974.
[3]. Rundle JSH, Primrose DA, Carachi R : Cryptorchidism in cerebral palsy. Br. J. Urol., 54; 170- 171, 1982.
[4]. Ankerhold J, Gressmann C : Hoden-descensusstorugen beim fruhkindlichen Hirnschaden. Z Kinderheilk. 107; 15-25, 1969.
[5]. Umezu R. Yoshida M : Strangulation of the spermatic cord. A case report and review of the cases in Japan. The Journal of Tokyo Womens' Medical College, 34; 275-284, 1964.

Abstract: Anorectal melanoma is a rare but aggressive disease. Because the patients often present with non-specific complaints, a high clinical suspicion is important to avoid a delayed diagnosis. It typically presents in the seventh or eighth decade of life with non-specific complaints such as rectal bleeding or anal pain. A timely diagnosis of anal melanoma is made even more difficult by the fact that most of the lesions lack obvious pigmentation and are even histologically amelanotic. Prognosis is very poor. Anorectal malignant melanomas spread along submucosal planes and are often beyond complete resection at the time of diagnosis. We present the radiological and pathological features seen in the three cases diagnosed with melanoma of rectum.

Key words: Anorectal melanoma, Imaging, Wide local excision, Abdominoperineal resection, Chemotherapy.

[1]. Merguerditchian A, Meterissian SH, Bullard Dunn K. Anorectal melanoma: diagnosis and treatment. Dis Colon Rectum. 2011;54:638-44.
[2]. Nilsson PJ, Regnarsson-Olding BK. Importance of clear resection margins in anorectal malignant melanoma. Br J Surg. 2010;97:98-103.
[3]. Pessaux P, Pocard M, Elias D, Duvillard P, Avril MF, Zimmerman P, et al. Surgical management of primary anorectal melanoma. Br J Surg. 2004;91:1183-7.
[4]. Falch C, Stojadinovic A, von Weyhern CH, Protic M, Nissan A, Faries MB, et al. Anorectal malignant melanoma: extensive 45-year review and proposal for a novel staging classification. J Am Coll Surg. 2013;217:324-35.

Abstract: OPI poisoning is a major public health problem in developing countries like India. RDW is a simple and inexpensive test and elevated RDW is associated with acute inflammation and increased oxidative stress. Hence, this study was done to evaluate the prognostic value of RDW in OPI poisoning. Aim: To evaluate the prognostic value of Red Cell Distribution Width in Organophosphorus insecticide poisoning. Methods: A total of 158 patients of OPI were studied retrospectively from January 2005 to December2014. The diagnosis of a case of OPI poisoning was based on a clinical history of intentional ingestion of OPI and presence of characteristic signs and symptoms of OPI poisoning, and laboratory evidence of decreased serum cholinesterase activity.

[1]. Eddleston M, Buckley NA, Eyer P, et al. Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Lancet 2008; 371:597-607.
[2]. Wang P, Wang L, Li H, Chen H. Relationship between the red cell distribution width and risk of acute myocardial infarction. J Atheroscler Thromb 2015;22(1):21-6.

[3]. Tseliou E, Terrovitis JV, Kaldara EE, Ntalianis AS, Repasos E, Katsaros et al. Red blood cell distribution width is a significant prognostic marker in advanced heart failure, independent of hemoglobin levels. Hellenic J Cardiol. 2014 Nov-Dec;55(6):457-61.

[4]. Söderholm M, Borné Y, Hedblad B, Persson M, Engström G. Red cell distribution width in relation to incidence of stroke and carotid atherosclerosis: a population-based cohort study. PLoS One. 2015 May 7;10(5):e0124957.

[5]. Mahmood NA, Mathew J, Kang B, DeBari VA, Khan MA. Broadening of the red blood cell distribution width is associated with increased severity of illness in patients with sepsis. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci .2014 Oct-Dec;4(4):278-82.

Abstract: Giant congenital melanocytic nevus is usually defined as a melanocytic lesion present at birth that will reach a diameter ≥ 20 cm in adulthood. The giant congenital nevus is greater than 20 cm in size, pigmented and often hairy. Since approximately 50% of the melanomas develop by the age of two, and 80% by the age of seven, early removal is recommended. However, their large size poses a great treatment challenge. The objective of this paper is to present a unique case of giant nevi along with a review of the literature Its incidence is estimated in <1:20,000 newborns. Despite its rarity, this lesion is important because it may associate with severe complications such as malignant melanoma, Between 4% and 6% of these lesions will develop into a malignant melanoma also affect the central nervous system (neurocutaneous melanosis), and have major psychosocial impact on the patient and his family due to its unsightly appearance.

[1]. Kopf A, Bart R, Hennessey P. Congenital nevocytic nevi and malignant melanomas.J Am Acad Dermatol. 1979;1:123-30.
[2]. Egan CL, Oliveria SA, Elenitsas R, Hanson J, Halpern AC. Cutaneous melanomarisk and phenotypic changes in large congenital nevi: a follow-up study of 46patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;39:923-32.
[3]. Greeley PW, Middleton AG, Curtin JW. Incidence of malignancy in giant pigmentednevi. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1965;36:26-37.
[4]. Journal of Investigative Dermatology (2013) 133, 2229–2236; doi:10.1038/jid.2013.70; published online 21 March 2013
[5]. Multiple Congenital Melanocytic Nevi and Neurocutaneous Melanosis Are Caused by Postzygotic Mutations in Codon 61 of

Abstract: Reconstruction in patients with scalp and/or calvarial defects can be simple or complex. Over the past several decades, an improved understanding of the blood supply of local flaps, has greatly contributed to the ability of plastic surgeons to repair these defects.1 As with reconstructions at other locations, the reconstructive "ladder" applies to scalp and calvarial reconstruction. Primary closure is the first choice when feasible. Other methods of reconstruction, in ascending order of complexity, are skin grafts, local flaps with or without tissue expansion, occasionally regional flaps and free flaps.1 a carefully planned local transposition or rotation flap may be equally effective,

[1]. Samuel J. Lin, M.D., Matthew M. Hanasono, M.D., and Roman J. Skoracki, M.D. Scalp and Calvarial Reconstruction. Semin Plast Surg. Nov 2008; 22(4): 281–293.2

[2]. Lesavoy, Malcolm A. M.D.; Dubrow, Terry J. M.D.; Schwartz, Robert J. M.D.; Wackym, Phillip A. M.D.; Eisenhauer, Donna M. M.D.; McGuire, Michael M.D. Management of Large Scalp Defects with Local Pedicle Flaps. Plastic and reconstructive surgery American Society of Plastic Surgeons April 1993 - Volume 91 - Issue 5

[3]. Freund, R.M. Scalp, calvarium and forehead reconstruction.In: Grab and Smith's Plastic Surgery, 5th edition. Edited by Aston S.J., Beasley R.W. and Thorne C.H.M. Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia 1997; 473-478

[4]. McGregor I. A. Fundamental Techniques of Plastic Surgery, 8th edition. Churchill Livingstone. 1990; 119-124.

[5]. Jurkiewiez, M. J. and Hill, H. L. Open wounds of the scalp: an account of methods of repair. J. Trauma. 1981; 21:769-77.

Abstract: Adolescents are the important part of our population. They need health awareness in many areas such as malnutrition, common preventable morbid conditions. Lack of sufficient knowledge make them vulnerable to many undesirable social problems. Objectives: To study the both nutritional and health status among rural adolescent students and comparing between both boys and girls. Study design: A cross sectional study was done in four government institutions of Chandragiri near Tirupati town A.P.where 300 boys and 300 Girls of 14-17 years are selected.

[1]. Kurz K.M., Jhonson and Welch C. (1994) : The nutrition and lives of adolescents in developing countries. Findings - ICRW, Washington DC, 241-242.
[2]. Bangaarts J (1980): Does malnutrition affect fecundity. A summary of evidence Science, 208,564-569.
[3]. Yadav RJ. And Padma Singh. (1996) : Nutritional assessment and the dietary intake among adolescents in a Tribal area of Bihar. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 23, 142-148.
[4]. Jaishree P., Jandhale., Snehalatha Reddy N., Vijaya M. and Nolwade (2001) : Nutritional status of school going adolescent girls of Parbhani. The Indian Journal of nutrition and Dietetics, 38, 262-268.
[5]. Swapna Chaturvedi., Kapil U., Gnanasekaran N., Sachdev H.P.S., Pandey R.M. and Bhanti T. (1996) : Nutrient intake amongst adolescent girls belonging to poor socio-economic group of rural area of Rajasthan. Indian Pedotrics, 33,197-201.

Abstract: Introduction: Globalization has resulted in motorization pacing up the number of road traffic accidents, thereby affecting the families, community and nations as a whole. In 2010, the WHO member countries declared 2011–2020 as the Decade of Action for Road Safety, to stabilize and reduce the increasing trend in road traffic fatalities. Objectives: To know the socio-demographic profile of RTA cases attending SVRRGGH, Tirupati. To study the frequency of occurrence of RTA by month, day & time and to identify the type of road users and their mode of RTA. Methodology: A hospital based, cross sectional study with victims of road traffic accidents as study subjects was conducted for a period of one year from June 2013 to May 2014 at S.V.R.R. Government General Hospital, Tirupati, India. 820 cases of road traffic accidents were interviewed after taking prior consent using a predesigned questionnaire.

[1]. World Health Organization [Internet]. Global status report on road safety 2013: supporting a decade of action. [cited 2013 March 22] Available from: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2013/en/. Assessed on March 22nd 2013.
[2]. Nantulya MV, Reich MR. The neglected epidemic: road traffic injuries in developing countries. BMJ 2002;324:1139-41.
[3]. Reddy GMM, Negandhi H, Singh D, Singh AJ. Extent and determinants of cost of road traffic injuries in an Indian city. Indian J Med Sci 2009;63(12):549-56.
[4]. Riewpaiboon A, Piyauthakit P, Chaikledkaew U. Economic burden of road traffic injuries: A micro costing approach. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2008;39:1139-49.
[5]. Zaloshnja E, Miller T, Council F, Persaud B. Comprehensive and human capital crash costs by maximum police-reported injury severity within selected crash types. Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med 2004;48:251-63.
[6]. Ganveer GB, Tiwary R. Injury pattern among non fatal road traffic accident cases; a cross sectional study in Central India. Indian J Med Sci 2005;59(1):9-12.

Abstract: To Compare The Efficacy Of Patients Treated With Platelet Rich Plasma Vs Corticosteroid Injection In Chronic Plantar Fasciitis. This is a prospective cohort study and a total of 110 patients were studied. They were divided into group-A(PRP injection) and group-B(Corticosteroid injection). All patients were diagnosed as plantar fasciitis by clinical and radiological evaluation. Group-A(60 patients) were given PRP injection and Group-B(50 patients) were given Corticosteroid injection. 6 cases lost in follow up were excluded from the study. Patients were assessed functionally using VAS and FAOS scores and radiologically by Ultrasound of the foot and X-ray lateral view of the foot.

[1]. Tiwari M, Bhargava R. Platelet rich plasma therapy: A comparative effective therapy with promising results in plantar fasciitis. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma. 2013;4(1):31-5.
[2]. Thing J, Maruthappu M, Rogers J. Diagnosis and management of plantar fasciitis in primary care. British Journal of General Practice. 2012;62(601):443-4.
[3]. Scioli MW. Platelet-rich plasma injection for proximal plantar fasciitis. Techniques in Foot & Ankle Surgery. 2011;10(1):7-10.
[4]. Schwartz EN, Su J. Plantar Fasciitis: A Concise Review. The Permanente Journal. 2014;18(1):e105.
[5]. Sabir N, Demirlenk S, Yagci B, Karabulut N, Cubukcu S. Clinical utility of sonography in diagnosing plantar fasciitis. Journal of ultrasound in medicine. 2005;24(8):1041-8.
[6]. Peerbooms JC, van Laar W, Faber F, Schuller HM, van der Hoeven H, Gosens T. Use of platelet rich plasma to treat plantar fasciitis: design of a multi centre randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010;11:69.

Abstract: Aim: The aim of our study was to compare the duration of post-operative analgesia in children when clonidine is added to ropivacaine to that of plain ropivacaine following caudal analgesia. Materials and Methods: Sixty healthy children of ASA I and II physical status of either sex, in the age group of 1-6 years undergoing elective sub umbilical procedures were randomlyallocated to three groups of 20 children each. Group A received 1 ml/kg of 0.1% ropivacaine, group B received 1 ml/kg of 0.1% ropivacaine with clonidine 1 mcg/kg, and group C received 1 ml/kg of 0.2% ropivacaine.Intraoperatively children were assessed for any haemodynamic changes and postoperatively children were assessed for sedation score, duration of analgesia and duration of motor block.

1]. N S Morton. Ropivacaine in children. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2000; 85(3): 344-346
[2]. Mariann AH. Dexmedetomidine:A useful adjunct to consider in some high risk situations. AANA 2008;76(5):335-340 [3]. Bajwa SJ, Bajwa SK, Kaur J, Singh G, Arora V, Gupta S .Dexmedetomidine and clonidine in epidural anaesthesia: A comparative evaluation. Indian J Anaesth 2011; 55:116-21. [4]. Nishina K, Mikawa K. Clonidine in paediatric anaesthesia. CurrOpinAnaesthesiol2002;15(3): 309-16
[5]. Jamali S, Monin S, Begon C, Dubousset AM, Ecoffey C. Clonidine in pediatric caudal anesthesia. Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2009 78(4):663-6
[6]. Lee JJ and Rubin AP. Comparison of bupivacaine – clonidine mixture with pain bupivacaine for caudal analgesia in children. British Journal of Anesthesia 1994; 72: 258-262
[7]. Cook B, Dayle E. The use of additives to local anaesthetic solution for caudal epidural analgesia. Pediatric Anesthesia 1996; 6:353–359

Abstract: IPS is obstruction of outflow from the right ventricle within the body of right ventricle as opposed to the obstruction at the pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery or its branches 1. Infundibular pulmonary stenosis is usually associated with other congenital cardiac anomalies. Isolated infundibular pulmonary stenosis is very rare which accounts 0.4% of patients with congenital heart disease 2. Here we have reported a case of 19 year male patient who was suddenly died . Autopsy specimen of heart showed isolated IPS with right ventricular hypertrophy. Early detection and intervention may prevent sudden death in a case of isolated infundibular pulmonary stenosis as it can be surgically corrected. This case report helps to draw attention towards adults with congenital heart diseases.Sudden death in a case of adult congenital heart disease is very rare.

Key words: Infundibular pulmonary stenosis, adult congenital heart disease, sudden death.

[1]. Khilomatov AA,Changes in intracardiac hemodynamics during the natural course of isolated stenoses of pulmonary artery and the right ventricular outflow tract(in Russian)Ter Arbs.2001:13(9)73-6.
[2]. Krabil K A,WangY ,Elinzing B,MollerJH.Rest ant exercise hemodynamics in pulmonary stenosis:comparison of children and adults.Am J Cardiol.Aug 1985;58(4):360-5
[3]. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases /scda/scda_all html.accessed.Feb11,2011.
[4]. LucasRV,VarcoRL,LolehecCW et al.Anomalous muscle bundle of the right ventricle hemodynamic consequences and surgical considerations.Circulation.Mar 1962;25:443-56.
[5]. PongigioneG,FreedomRM,LookD,RoweRD.Mechanism of acquired right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in patients with ventricular septal defect:an angiographic study.Am J Cardiol .Oct1962;50(4):776-80.

Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has been continuously acquiring resistance to many antibiotics at an alarming speed. Penicillin resistance was first noticed in 1944 and methicillin resistance was first observed in 1961 [1]. Recent emergence of inducible clindamycin resistant S. aureus, has further limited our choice of antibiotics. This study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of inducible (iMLSB) and constitutive clindamycin resistance (cMLSB) among the clinical isolates of S. aureus. A total of 100 non-duplicate clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected from June 2014 to March 2015. D-test was performed in routine by placing clindamycin (CLI) disc 2μg and erythromycin (ERY) disc 15μg approximately 15-26 mm apart measured edge to edge on a Muller-Hinton agar plate that has been inoculated with a Staphylococcus isolate incubated at 35±2°C in ambient air..

[1]. Appelbaum PC. MRSA—the tip of the iceberg. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006; 12(Suppl 2): 3–10.
[2]. Lim JA, Known AE, Kim SK, Chong Y, Lee K and Choi EC. Prevalence of resistance to macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin antibiotics in Gram –positive cocci isolated in Korean hospital. J Antimicrob chemother. 2002; 49,489-495.
[3]. Lina G, Quaglia A, Reverdy ME, Leclercq R, Vandenesch F and Etienne J. Distribution of genes encoding resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins among staphylococci. Amtimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999; 43, 1062-1066.
[4]. Marcinak, J. F., and A. L. Frank. Epidemiology and treatment of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in children. Expert Rev. Anti-Infect Ther.2006; 4:91–100.
[5]. Tristan, A, Bes M, Meugnier H, Lina G, Bozdogan B, Courvalin P, Reverdy ME, Enright MC, Vandenesch F, Etienne J. Global distribution of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007; 13(4): 594–600.
[6]. Herbert S, Barry P, Novick RP. Sub inhibitory clindamycin differentially inhibits transcription of exoprotein genes in Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Immun. 2001; 69:2996–3003.

Abstract: The palatal groove is a developmental anomaly, when it is present, causes an endodontic as well as a periodontal problem. These grooves often present a challenge to clinicians, to diagnose and to decide the treatment plan, as they require interdisciplinary treatment approach.This case report represents a treatment done in 24yr old male patient who had palatogingival groove in maxillary left lateral incisor. Surgical approach was done and observed satisfactory result after 6 months follow up.

Key Words: Dens Invaginatus, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Palatogingival Groove, Platelet Rich Fibrin.

[1] Schwartz SA, Koch MA, Deas DE, Powell CA. Combined endodontic-periodontic treatment of a palatal groove: A case report. J Endod. 2006;32:573–8. [2] Simon JH, Dogan H, Ceresa LM, Silver GK. The radicular groove: Its potential clinical significance. J Endod. 2000;26:295–8. [3] Peikoff MD, Perry JB, Chapnick LA. Endodontic failure attributable to a complex radicular lingual groove. J Endod. 1985;11:573–7. [4] Ennes JP, Lara VS. Comparative morphological analysis of the root developmental groove with the palato-gingival groove. Oral Dis. 2004;10:378–82. [5] Hou GL, Tsai CC. Relationship between palato-radicular grooves and localized periodontitis. J ClinPeriodontol. 1993;20:678–82.
[6] Kishan KV, Hegde V, Ponnappa KC, Girish TN, Ponappa MC. Management of palato radicular groove in a maxillary lateral incisorJ Nat SciBiol Med. 2014 Jan;5(1):178-81.

Abstract: Background-Retroperitoneal lipoma is a rare benign tumour forming 2.9% of all retroperitoneal tumours . About 80% of all Retroperitoneal tumours are malignant Case Presentation : We present the case of a 32 year old Malay female with a giant retroperitoneal lipoma measuring 20x20cm. and weighing 3.36Kg. The mass had progressively increased in size and she had only minimal discomfort .A preoperative presumption of mature ovarian cystic teratoma was made based on clinical and imaging study. On exploration the uterus and both ovaries were normal. A giant retroperitoneal lipoma was found to be responsible for the abdominal mass. It was excised entirely and histologically confirmed later. Conclusion: Retroperitoneal lipoma though rare should be entertained in the differential diagnosis of gynaecological pelvic masses. Imaging studies can be misleading. Complete excision is the norm .

Key Words: Difficult diagnosis, Ovarian mature cystic teratoma, retroperitoneal lipoma,resection

[1] S.W.Weiss,Lipomatous Tumours,Monographs in Pathology,38,1996,207-239

[2] M.R.Pai,R. Naik, C.V.Raughuveer,Primary retroperitoneal tumours:a 25 year study,Indian Journal Medical Sciences,49,1995,139-141

[3] Wei Wei Wee-Stekly,Michael David Mueller ,Retroperitoneal tumors in the pelvis:a diagnostic challenge in gynaecology,Frontiers in Surgery,1(49),2014,1-4

[4] C.A.R.Martinez,R.T.Palma,J.Waisberg,Giant retroperitoneal lipoma-a case report,Arq.Gastroenterol.,40(4),2003,251-255

[5] S.Constantinoiu,R.Birla,C.Iosif,et al, Difficulties in diagnosis and surgical treatment of giant retroperitoneal lipoma, Chirurgia-Romania,104(3),1990,363-367

[6] A.J.Spillane,J.M.Thomas,Gyanaecological presentation of retroperitoneal tumours, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 107(2),2000,270-273

[7] P.Kuppuvelumani,S.P.Rachagan,N.Syed,et al, Rare case of large retroperitoneal liposarcoma presenting as a gynaecological problem, European Journal of Obstretrics and Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology,48,1993,220-222

[8] H.T.Weiner-Muram,D.Muram,Retroperitoneal lipoma manifested as an adnexal mass, Journal of Tennessee Medical Association 81(4),1998,225-226

Abstract: Background: Acne vulgaris is a major clinical problem; despite a vast array of treatment modalities available for acne, there is considerable dissatisfaction in acne treatment among patients and doctors. Rising antibiotic drug resistance consequent to the widespread use of topical antibiotics is causing concern and effective non-antibiotic treatments are needed. Objective: To compare the effectiveness and side effects of topical clidamycin solution 1% versus active lotion containing triethyl citrate and ethyl linoleate (TCEL)in treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris.

[1]. Simpson NB, Cunliffe WJ. Disorders of the sebaceous glands. In: Burns T, Breathnach S, Cox N, Griffiths C. Rook's Text book of Dermatology. 7th ed. Blackwell Science; 2004; 43.1–43.7.
[2]. Habif TP. Acne and related disorder. In Clinical Dermatology: A Color Guide to Diagnosis and Therapy, 5th ed. Edinburgh, UK, Mosby, 2010; 7: 217-247.
[3]. Dreno B, Poli F. Epidemiology of Acne. Dermatology. 2003; 206: 7–10.
[4]. Sharquie KE, Gumar A, Al-Kodsi Z. Acne Vulgaris epidemiology and grading. Saudi Med J 1991; 12: 44-7.
[5]. Kurokawa I, Danby FW, Ju Q, Wang X, Xiang LF, Xia L, Chen W, Nagy I, Picardo M, Suh DH, Ganceviciene R, Schagen S, Tsatsou F, Zouboulis CC. New developments in our understanding of acne pathogenesis and treatment. Exp Dermatol. 2009; 18:821-32.
[6]. Katsamba A, Dessinioti C. New and emerging treatments in dermatology: Acne. Dermatol Ther.2008 ;21:86–95.

Abstract: Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the commonest hospital-acquired infection, and number of cases of nosocomial UTI are associated with an indwelling urinary catheter. 1-2 we did this study in our tertiary care setup that includes most of the rural population, awhere to know its incidence, and its implication on patient care. Methods:A prospective study conducted among 204 patients with minimum hospital stay of 48 h, from the randomly sampled surgery wards. Urine culture sensitivity was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.

[1]. Abraham S., Shin J., and Malaviya R.Type 1 fimbriated Escherichia coli- mast cell interactions in cystitis. J. Infect. Dis. 2001; 183(Suppl. 1):S51-S55. (PubMed)
[2]. Allison C., L. Emody, N. Coleman, and C. Hughes. The role of swarm cell differentiation and multicellular migration in the uropathogenicity of Proteus mirabilis. J. Infect. Dis. 1994; 169:1155-1158. (PubMed)
[3]. Kunin C. M., S. Douthitt, J. Dancing, J. Anderson, and M. Moeschberger. The association between the use of urinary catheters and morbidity and mortality among elderly patients in nursing homes. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1992; 135:291-301. (PubMed)
[4]. Duo-shuang Xie, Rui-ping Lai, Shao-fa Nie. Surveys of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in a university hospital intensive care unit in Chin. Braz J Infect Dis. 2011; 15(3):296-297©Elsevier Editora Ltda
[5]. Salomao R, Rosenthal V.D., Grimberg G, Nouer S, Blecher S, Buchner-Ferreira S, et al. Device-associated infection rates in intensive care units of Brazilian hospitals.Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2008; 24(3):195–202.

Abstract: Aims: To Study Serum Uric Acid Level in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and also association of uric acid level in Patients having Diabetes Mellitus With Coronary Artery Disease. Materials and methods: The study was conducted J.A.Group of Hospital during the period of June 2013 to November 2014 and included about 100 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition 50 patients were randomly selected ,who were admitted or attending the OPD of JAH Group of hospital, Gwalior, M.P. were enrolled in the present study as Controls who were Non Diabetic. Total diabetic patient were divided in known cases of diabetes and new casesof diabetes

[1]. American diabetes association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic care.2012;35.(1),64-71.
[2]. National clinical guideline for management in primary and secondary care. Type 2 diabetes. Royal college of physicians.2002;(1)-259.
[3]. W.H.O Consultation. Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. World health organization. Dept. of Noncommuniable disease surveillance.WHO/NCD/NCS/99.(2).1999;(1)-49.
[4]. SudhindraRao M , Bino John Sahayo; A study of serum uric acid in diabetes mellitus and prediabetes in a south Indian tertiary care hospital; NUJHS Vol. 2, No.2, June 2012, ISSN 2249-7110
[5]. M. Modan,H. Halkin, A. Karasik, A. Lusky- Elevated serum uric acid — a facet of hyperinsulinaemia; DiabetologiaSeptember 1987, Volume 30, Issue 9, pp 713-718

Abstract: Background: Protein C (PC) deficiency has been reported in sickle cell disease (SCD) and postulated to contribute to the pathogenesis as well as clinical manifestations of SCD. However there is paucity of data on PC in Nigerian patients with SCD. Objectives: This study was aimed at evaluating the levels of Protein C (PC) antigen and activity in SCD subjects; the prevalent type of PC deficiency and association between PC deficiency and parameters such as sex, age, ABO and Rh D blood groups.

[1]. Nwogoh B, Adewoyin A, Iheanacho OE, Bazuaye GN. Prevalence of haemoglobin variants in Benin City, Nigeria. Annals of biomed Sci 2012; 11: 60 – 4.
[2]. Akinkugbe OO. Sickle cell disease. In: Non-communicable diseases in Nigeria. 1st Ed. Akinkugbe OO (Ed), Federal Ministry of Health, Lagos 1992; 45-52.
[3]. Ataga KI, Orringer EP. Hypercoagulability in sickle cell disease: a curious paradox. Am J Med 2003; 115: 721-8.
[4]. El-Hazmi MAF, Warsy AS, Bahakim H. Blood protein C and S in sickle cell disease. Acta Haematol 1993; 90: 114-9.
[5]. Reitsma PH, Bernardi F, Doig RG, Gandrille S, Greengard JS, Ireland H, Krawczak M, Lind B, Long GL, Poort SR, Saito H, Sala N, Witt I, Cooper DN. Protein C deficiency: A database of mutations, 1995 update. Thromb Haemost 1995; 73: 876-89.
[6]. Westerman MP, Green D, Culman-Sachs A, Gilman-Sachs A, Beaman K, Freels S, Boggio L, Allen S, Zuckerman L, Schlegel R, Williamson P. Antiphospholipid antibodies, protein C and S, and coagulation changes in sickle cell disease. J Lab Clin Med 1999; 134: 352-62.

Abstract: Glaucoma following Penetrating Keratoplasty is a serious problem on account of its frequency of occurrence, risk of graft failure, irreversible visual loss due to optic nerve damage and difficulty in diagnosis and management. This is a study of 98 patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty.in this study we have tried to evaluate incidence, etiological factors and ultrasound biomicroscopy findings of late onset secondary glaucoma following penetrating keratoplasty.

Keywords: Glaucoma, Penetrating keratoplasty, Risk factors, Aphakia , Pseudophakia

[1]. Smith GTH,taylor HR,epidemiology of corneal blindness in developing countries. Ref corneal surg.1991;7:436-439.global initiative for the elimination of avoidable blindness. Geneva,WHO 1997.
[2]. Lim AS. Mass blindness has shifted from infection to cataract.ophthalmologica.1997;211:270
[3]. Wilson SE,Kaufman HE.graft failure after PK. Surv ophthalmol 1990;34:325-56
[4]. Foulks GN.glaucoma associated with PK.ophthalmology 1987;94:871-4.
[5]. kirknesh CM,Moshegov C.PK glaucoma. Eye 1988;2:19-26.

Abstract: Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC) is a relatively uncommon developmental cyst of the jaw constituting about 10%. Recognition of OOC as a unique entity is of utmost importance as it bears resemblance to dentigerous cyst, and odontogenic keratocyst (OKC). In the past majority of the cases has been coded as either odontogenic keratocyst or keratocystic odontogenic tumor. In the current scenario, it is apparent that OOC is a different entity and its pathologic behavior, clinical outcome and management of OOC is distinct. Here we report a case of OOC in relation to an impacted mandibular canine with a cone beam computed tomography illustration (which showed its pseudo-dentigerous relation) and a review of this entity with an emphasis on its characteristics are highlighted.

Key words: Jaw cyst; orthokeratinized; keratocyst; epithelium; cytokeratin.

[1]. Byatnal A, Natarajan J, Narayanaswamy V, Radhakrishnan R. Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst – critical appraisal of a distinct entity. Braz J Oral Sci 2013; 12 (1): 71-5.
[2]. Li TJ, Kitano M, Chen XM, Itoh T, Kawashima K, Sugihara K et al. Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 15 cases. Histopathology 1998; 32: 242-51.
[3]. Dong Q, Pan S, Sun LS, Li TJ. Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst: a Clinicopathologic study of 61 cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2010; 134: 271-5.
[4]. Zhang JY1, Dong Q, Li TJ. Differences in collagen fibers in the capsule walls of parakeratinized and orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011; 40: 1296-300.
[5]. Swain N, Patel S, Poonja LS, Pathak J, Dekate K. Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst. J Contemp Dent 2012; 2(2): 31-33.

Abstract: Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an intracapsular union of the disk-condyle complex to the temporal articular surface that restricts mandibular movements, including the fibrous adhesions or bony fusion between condyle, disk, glenoid fossa and eminence. The treatment oftemporomandibular joint ankylosis poses a significant challenge because of the high incidence of recurrence.A variety of techniques for its treatment have been described in the literature. However, no single method has produced uniformly successful results. This report presents 5 cases with 3 unilateral post-traumatic and 2 post infection temporomandibular joint ankylosis that showed almost nil mouth opening (1-2mm) along with dental occlusion abnormalities. Gap arthroplasty and contralateral coronoidectomy was performed and passive interincisal mouth opening of at least 36 mm was achieved post surgically.

[1]. Gay-Escoda C, Arguero M. La correcciónquirúrgica de la anquilosis de la articulacióntemporomandibular. Descripción de sietecasos.Avances en Odontoestomatología 1994;10:74.
[2]. Kaban L, Pogrel MA, Perrott DH. Complications in oral and maxillofacial surgery(1st ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1997).
[3]. Rowe NL. Ankylosys of the temporomandibular joint.J R CollSurgEdinb 1982;26:67-79.
[4]. Kazanjian VH. Temporomandibular joint ankylosis.Am J Surg 1955;90: 905.
[5]. Roychoudhury A, Parkash H, Trikha A. Functional restoration by gap arthroplasty in temporomandibular joint ankylosis: A report of 50 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1999;87:166-9.
[6]. Miyamoto H, Kurita K, Ogi N, Ishimaru JI, Goss A. The role of the disk in sheep temporomandibular joint ankylosis.Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1999;88:151-8.

Abstract: We present the first report of Rathke's cleft cyst presenting as CSF rhinorrhea following an asymptomatic period of fourteen years after the first surgery.Our patient, a fifty five year female presented to us with CSF rhinorrhea and two episodes of generalized tonic clonic seizures. She had been operated earlier in 1997 through right pterional craniotomy for decompression of cystic sellar suprasellar mass and was histopathologically confirmed as Rathke's cleft cyst.Recurrence of symptomatic Rathke cleft cyst is considered rare [5%-18%]1in various series. Our case is unique in the sense that the patient had been asymptomatic for fourteen years following which she developed symptoms.

[1]. Aho CJ, Liu C, Zelman V, Couldwell WT, Weiss MH: Surgical outcomes in 118 patients with Rathke cleft cysts. J Neurosurg 2005;102:189–193
[2]. Russel DS, Rubinstein LJ.Pathology of tumors of the nervous system. 5th ed.Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1989:30–32, 690–710
[3]. El-Mahdy W, PowallM.Transsphenoidal management of 28 symptomaticRathke's cleft cysts, with special references to visual and hormonal recovery.Neurosurgery1998;42:7–6
[4]. Burger PC, Scheithauer BW, Vogel FS: Surgical Pathology of theNervous System and Its Coverings, ed 4.Baltimore: ChurchillLivingstone, 2002
[5]. Matsushima T, Fukui M, Ohta M, Yamakawa Y, Takaki T, OkanoH: Ciliated and goblet cells in craniopharyngioma. Light and elec-tron microscopic studies at surgery and autopsy.ActaNeuro-pathol 50:199–205, 1980
[6]. Benveniste RJ, King WA, Walsh J, Lee JS, Naidich TP, PostKD: Surgery for Rathke cleft cysts: technical considerations and outcomes. J Neurosurg 101:577–584, 2004

Abstract: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a autoimmune blistering disease encountered in India. It is a subepidermal bullous disorder commonly seen in the older generations. It manifests as blisters on a rash and may be pruritic at times. Diagnosis is based on the histhopathological confirmation and can also be assessed by direct and indirect immunofluorencense. Treatment is based on the extend and severity of the lesion. Mostly the first line of treatment is topical and systemic anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents. Keywords: Bullous pemphigoid, Oral cavity, Subepithelial blister formation, Steroids, Vesiculobullous lesion

[1]. Misra et al (2013) ,Bullous Pemphigoid,JAMA Dermatol. March 2013;149(3):382. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.112.
[2]. Sujay et al-Bullous Pemphigoid,Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology | July-August 2011 | Vol 77 | Issue 4
[3]. Sharma et al- Bullous pemphigoid in childhood. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 1996;62:100-2.
[4]. Devaraju et al-Autoimmune Mucocutaneous Blistering Diseases, Journal of Dentistry Jan - Mar 2011 Vol 1 Issue 1
[5]. Sangeethe et al The Molecular aspects of Oral Mucocutaneous Lesions- A Review.November 2011,Vol 10

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cusp of carabelli in permanent teeth in a sample from a group of Dental Student of School of Dentistry at University of Sulaimani A special proforma was developed to collect the data. A total of 150 subjects (Students of School of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani) were included in the study. Cusp of Carabelli was present in 30% of the study population in maxillary first permanent molar but, did not find on maxillary second permanent molars. Prevalence in males (30%) was slightly greater than females (29%). Unilateral cusps were higher in males while bilateral cusps were higher in females.
Keywords: Cusp of Carabelli, Unilateralism

1. Sadatullah, Syed, Stephen A. Odusanya, Abdelbagi Mustafa, Prevez Abdul Razak, Mohammad Abdul Wahab, and Zakirulla Meer. "The prevalence of fifth cusp (Cusp of Carabelli) in the upper molars in Saudi Arabian school students." International Journal of Morphology 30, no. 2 (2012): 757-760.
2. Khan, Dila Baz, Manzar Anwar Khan, and Mushtaq Khattak. "Prevalence of cusp of carabelli in permanent teeth in a group from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." Pakistan Oral & Dental Journal 31, no. 2 (2011).
3. King NM, Tsai JSJ, Wong HM. Morphological and numerical characteristics of the s out her n chinese dentitions. part II: traits in the permanent dent i t ion. The Open Anthropol J 2010;3:71-84
4. Dahlberg AS. Analysis of American Indian dentition. In: Brothwell DR, editor. Dental anthropology. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1963. p. 149-178.
5. Kraus BS. Carabelli's anomaly of the maxillary teeth. American Journal of Human Genetics 1951; 3: 348-55.
6. Hunter JP, Guatelli-Steinberg D, Weston TC, Durner R, Betsinger TK (2010) Model of tooth morphogenesis predicts carabelli cusp expression, size, and symmetry in humans. PLoS ONE 5(7): e11844. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.00118 44
7. Dissanayake, Upul, M. S. Chandrasekera, and E. R. Wickramanyake. "The prevalence and mode of inheritance of Carabelli trait in the Sinhalese." (2004).
8. Subedi, N., S. Sah, T. P. Chataut, S. Paudel, and A. Pradhan. "The prevalence of the carabelli trait in selected Nepalese population." British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research 7, no. 4 (2015): 285-291.

Abstract: This research compared the microleakage of a low-shrinkage resin composite Filtek P90 (Silorane, 3M ESPE) and hybrid resin composites Filtek Z350 (3M ESPE) by means of dye penetration after thermocycling.Although composites are now the material of choice for most restorations, their polymerization shrinkage remains a problem. The contraction stress associated with this shrinkage can cause debonding at the composite/tooth interface and can contribute to postoperative sensitivity, enamel fracture, recurrent caries, marginal staining and eventual failure of the restoration.Silorane exhibited significantly decreased microleakage compared with any other resin based composite and Glass ionomer filling material. The cavities restored with Fuji Gc Glass ionomer displayed nonsignificantly higher microleakage than with Filtek Z350.Although all of the restorative systems had microleakage, silorane technology showed less microleakage comparable to clinically successful methacrylate-based composite.

[1]. Mackenzie L, Shortall AC, Burke FJ. Direct posterior composites: A practical guide. (74-6, 79-80).Dent Update. 2009;36:71–2. passim. [PubMed]
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