iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2015

Abstract: Background and Objective: A vast spectrum of pathological lesions may present as intrathoracic masses. With CT guidance it is possible to perform a biopsy on almost any portion of thorax. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the role of CT-guided FNAC in diagnosing various intrathoracic mass lesions in term of sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy. Material and Methods: The lesions were localised by CT scan and aspirations were performed. Smears were routinely stained with Giemsa. Cell blocks were prepared from aspirated materials. Statistical Analysis was done using Epi Info™ version 7.

[1]. Travis WD, Brambilla E, Muller-Hermelink HK, Harris CC. Tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus and heart. Lyon, France: IARC
Press; 2004.
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[3]. Ferlay J., Shin H.R., Bray F., Forman D., Mathers C., Parkin D.M., Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN
2008. Int J Cancer 127, 2010, 2893–2917.
[4]. Jemal, A., Bray, F., Center, M. M., Ferlay, J., Ward E. and Forman D., Global cancer statistics. CA: A Cancer J Clin, 61, 2011, 69–
90.
[5]. Wick M.R., The Mediastinum, In Mills S.E., Carter D., Greenson J.K., Reuter V.E., Stoler M.H. (Eds), Strenberg's diagnostic
surgical pathology. 5th ed. (Lippincott William & Wilkins: Wolter Kluwer, 2010) 1120-77.
[6]. Dueñas V.P., Sánchez I.T., Río F.G., Durán E.V., Plaza B.V., García-Moreno J.M.V., Usefulness CT-guided F.N.A.C. in the
Diagnosis of Mediastinal Lesions, Arch Bronconeumol 46(5), 2010, 223-229.

Abstract: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a risk factor for kidney damage and end stage renal disease in children. It occurs in 3-5% of girls and 1% of boys and has three forms: acute pyelonephritis (APN), cystitis, and asymptomatic bacteriuria. Among them, APN, which may result in renal scarring in up to 64% of the patients, has more mortality and morbidity [1]. Early diagnosis and treatment of acute pyelonephritis is very important; otherwise, renal scar and other complications such as hypertension and renal damage may occur [2].

[1]. Stamey T. Pathogenesis and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1980:239–241.
[2]. Cornu C, Cochat P, Collet JP, et al. Survey of attitude to management of acute pyelonephritis in children. Pediatr Nephrol 1994;8:275-277.
[3]. Majd M, Rushton HG. Renal cortical scintigraphy in the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. Semin Nucl Med 1992;22:98-111.
[4]. Rushton HG. The evaluation of acute pyelonephritis and renal scarring with technetium 99m- dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy: evolving concepts and future directions. Pediatr Nephrol 1997;11:108-120.
[5]. Lavocat MP, Granjon D, Allard D. Gay C, Freycon MT, Dubios F. Imaging of pyelonephritis. Pediatr Radiol 1997;27:159-165.
[6]. Benador D, Benador N, Slosman D, Nursele D, Marmillad B, Giradin E. Cortical scintigraphy in the evaluation of renal parenchymal changes in children with pyelonephritis. J Pediatr 1994;124:17-20.

Abstract: This report presents a sixty years old female with unusual appearance of bilateral Xanthelesma palpebrarum of periorbital region. These lesions were approximately 7cm x 3cm in dimensions. Patient's main complaints were aesthetic appearance and hindrance in downward gaze. Considering the size of the lesions surgical excision was planned and the raw area covered full thickness skin grafts from supra clavicular region. The aesthetic and functional outcome was good. The aim of this case report is to put forward an unusual presentation of Xanthelesma.

[1]. Shields, Carol,. Eyelid, conjunctival, and orbital tumors: atlas and textbook. Hagerstwon, MD: : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ;2008
[2]. Cohen.P.R. Xanthelesma palpebrarum. J. Gt. Houst.Dent.Soc 1996 ; 67:10.
[3]. Breier F, Zegler B, Reiter H.Papular xanthoma: a clincopathological study of 10 cases. J Cutan Pathol. 2002; 29: 200-6
[4]. Bergman.R. The pathogensis and clinical significance of xanthelesma palpebrarum. J.Am.Acad Dermatol. 1994; 30:236.
[5]. Kaplan.R.M, Curtis A.C. Xanthoma of the skin. J.A.M.A.1961;176:859.
[6]. Raulin.C., Schoenermark.M.P, Werner.S. Xanthelasma Palpebrarum. Treatment With the Ultrapulsed CO2 Laser . Lasers Surg.Med. 1999;24:122.

Abstract: Background: Management of pancreatic pseudocysts is associated with considerable morbidity (15–25%).Traditionally, pancreatic pseudocysts have been drained because of the perceived risks ofcomplications including infection, rupture or haemorrhage. We have adopted a more conservativeapproach with drainage only for uncontrolled pain or gastric outlet obstruction. This study reports our experience.

[1]. Colin D Johnson,5 Michael G Sarr et al. Acute Pancreatitis Classification Working Group Classification of acute pancreatitis—2012:revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut 2013;62:102–111.
[2]. Bradley E, Gonzalez A, Clements JJ. Acute pancreatic pseudocysts: incidence and implications. Ann Surg. 1976;184:734-37.
[3]. Morgagni JB. De sedibuset causis morborum per anatomen indagatis, vol. 4.Paris: 1821, 86–123.
[4]. Jedlica R. Eine neue Operationsmethode der Pancreascysten (Pancreatogastrostomie). Zentralbl Chir 1923; 50: 132
[5]. Hancke S, Petersen JF. Percutaneous puncture of pancreatic cysts guided by ultrasound. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1976; 142: 551–2.
[6]. Van Sonnenberg E, Wittich GR, Casola G, Brannigan TC, Karnel F, Stabile BE et al. Percutaneous drainage of infected and non-infected pancreatic pseudocysts: experience in 101 cases, Radiology 1989; 170: 757–61.

Abstract: Acute appendicitis (also called as epityphlitis) is one of the most common cause of acute abdomen in young adults and appendicectomy is the most commonly done emergency abdominal surgery. Even though surgeons have been dealing with acute appendicitis for more than 100 years, its diagnosis remains complicated. Most of the senior surgeons diagnose acute appendicitis accurately in more than 80 percent of cases. But, in most cases, it is junior surgeons who are deciding whether a patient with right iliac fossa pain should be operated upon or not. Their decision have an accuracy rate which can go down up to 50%, so it can go wrong in about 50% of time.

[1]. KEYZER C, Gevenois PA. Imaging of Acute Appendicitis in Adults and Children. Springer Science & Business Media; 2011. 244 p.
[2]. Gurleyik E, Gurleyik G, Unalmişer S. Accuracy of serum C-reactive protein measurements in diagnosis of acute appendicitis compared with surgeon's clinical impression. Dis Colon Rectum. 1995 Dec;38(12):1270–4.
[3]. Grönroos JM, Grönroos P. A fertile-aged woman with right lower abdominal pain but unelevated leukocyte count and C-reactive protein. Acute appendicitis is very unlikely. Langenbecks Arch Surg Dtsch Ges Für Chir. 1999 Oct;384(5):437–40.
[4]. Sengupta A, Bax G, Paterson-Brown S. White Cell Count and C-Reactive Protein Measurement in Patients with Possible Appendicitis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2009 Mar;91(2):113–5.
[5]. Amalesh T, Shankar M, Shankar R. CRP in Acute Appendicitis — Is It a Necessary Investigation? Int J Surg. 2004 May;2(2):88–9.
[6]. Schellekens DHSM, Hulsewé KWE, van Acker BAC, van Bijnen AA, de Jaegere TMH, Sastrowijoto SH, et al. Evaluation of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Plasma Markers for Early Diagnosis in Patients Suspected for Acute Appendicitis. Lewis L, editor. Acad Emerg Med. 2013 Jul;20(7):703–10.

Abstract: Introduction: In Excessive gingival display (EGD) an overexposure of the maxillary gingiva (>3 mm) is seen during smiling. The proper diagnosis and treatment planning are essential for the successful treatment outcome. Different techniques can be used in cases of hyperactive upper lip. Gingival pigmentation is a physiological sign which usually appears on keratinized tissue. It may/may not be associated with any systemic conditions/ diseases. However, a normal person is conscious of 'overexposed black gums'. This case report had tried to manage excessive pigmented gingival display with scalpel gingival depigmentation and conventional lip repositioning procedures.

[1]. Crispin BJ, Watson JF. Margin placement of esthetic veneer crowns. Part I: Anterior tooth visibility. J Prosthet Dent 45:278-282,1981.
[2]. Kokich VO Jr, Kiyak HA, Shapiro PA. Comparing the perception of dentists and lay people to altered dental esthetics. J Esthet Dent1999;11:311-24.
[3]. Jensen J, Joss A, Lang NP. The smile line of different ethnic groups in relation to age and gender. Acta Med Dent Helv. 1999;4:38–46.
[4]. Liébart M, Fouque-Deruelle C, Santini A, Dillier F, Monnet-Corti V, Glise J, et al. Smile line and periodontium visibility. Perio. 2004;1:17–25.
[5]. Simon Z, Rosenblatt A, Dortman W. Eliminating a Gummy Smile with Surgical Lip Repositioning. Cosmet Dent 2007; 23: 102-108.

Abstract: Background: Commercial sex work or prostitution is the oldest profession. Aims: to find out social & economical background of commercial sex workers, to assess the knowledge commercial sex workers about AIDS, to assess the knowledge of commercial sex worker regarding correct use of condom and to find out the reason behind the non use of condom among commercial sex workers.

[1]. Techniques of sex-By Anthony Havil B.A. The Wales Publishing Co.,26 Charing cross road London WC2.
[2]. Quin T.E. association of sexually transmitted disease and infection with human deficiency virus. Biological co-factors and markers of behavioral interventions. International Journal of STD and AIDS.
[3]. Martin D. Public health report study of deficiencies in the condom use skills. 1990 Nov-Dec; 630-40.

Abstract: Vector borne diseases (VBD) form a major part of the communicable diseases. Of these, diseases spread by mosquitoes particularly malaria are more rampant due to relatively greater presence of mosquitoes in the community. A cross sectional study was conducted in three randomly selected wards of Siliguri Municipality Corporation (SMC) area, Darjeeling, West Bengal from January to March 2014 among 156 eligible study subjects, to assess their knowledge & practices regarding malaria.

[1]. WHO expert committee on malaria, 20th report. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2010. Available from: http://rbm.who.int/docs/ecr20 [Last accessed on 2015 July16].
[2]. National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme. New Delhi: Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India; 2011-12. Available from: http://india.gov.in/sectors/health family/vector borne [Last accessed on 2015 July16].
[3]. Kishor J. National Health Programmes of India. 6th edn. New Delhi: Century Publication; 2006. p. 295.
[4]. Park K. Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine. 22nd edn. Jabalpur: Bhanot Publication; 2013. p. 815–6.
[5]. United Nations Development Programme. Millennium development goals [internet]. Available from: http://www.undp.org/mdg/goal6.shtmlMDGs [Last accessed on 2015 July16].

Abstract: Background: General Anaesthesia is used for many surgeries. There is pressor response during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. To decrease that response in patients this study is taken. AIM: To compare the effect of i.v. Dexmedetomidine & i.v. 2% Lignocaine as premedication in obtunding the pressor response to laryngscopy and tracheal intubation and to evaluate hemodynamic stability. Methods: 60 patients were randomly allocated to receive I.V.Dexmedetomedine (1mcg/kg) as pre medication &I.V. Lignocaine(1.5mg/kg) , 30 patients in each group, Group D (30 patients), Group L (30 patients).

[1]. B. Schennin et al. Dexmedetomidine attenuates sympathoadrenal responses to tracheal intubation and reduces the need for thiopentone and per operative fentanyl. British journal of anaesthesia, Vol.68, issue 2, 126-131.
[2]. Yildiz et al. Effect of dexmedetomidine on haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. Perioperative haemodynamics and anaesthetic requirements. Drugs R D 2006:7(1)43-52.
[3]. D Jain, R M Khan and M Maroof. Effect of dexmedetomidine on stress response to extubation. The internet journal of anaesthesiology. 2009 Volume 21.
[4]. Pekka take et al. The haemodynamic and adrenergic effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine infusion after vascular surgery. Anaesthesia and analgesia. April 2000 vol 90 No.4 834-839.
[5]. Wilson et al. Intravenous lignocaine and sympathoadrenal response to intubation. The effect of varying timing of injection. Anaesthesia 1991.Mar:46(3):177-80.

Abstract: Background: Brachial plexus block has now evolved into valuable and safe alternative to general anaesthesia for upper limb surgeries. Supraclavicular approach to brachial plexus block produces the most complete upper limb block. Additives to local anaesthetics increase the quality and duration of block. This study is taken to compare the efficacy of additives to bupivacaine. Aim: To compare the efficacy of Inj. Dexmedetomidine vs Inj. Clonidine as adjuvant to 0.5% Bupivacaine in Supraclavicular brachial plexus block in onset of sensory blockade and motor blockade, duration of motor blockade, duration of analgesia ( time to first request for analgesic ),quality of block.

[1]. Moore DC . "Traditional " on supraclavicular technique . Reg Anaesth 1980 ;5 : 3-5
[2]. Brown DL. Brachial plexus anaesthesia : an analysis of options . Yale J Bio Med 1993;66:415-31.
[3]. Moore DC . Regional block 4th ed. Springfield; IL; Charles C, Thomas; 1965
[4]. Urmey WF. Upper extremity blocks. In: Brown DL, editor. Regional Anaesthesia and Analgesia. Philadelphia: W.B.Saunders, 1996:254-278. [5]. Hutschala D, Mascher H, Schmetterer L, Klimscha W, Fleck T, Eichler Hg, Et Al. "Clonidine Added To Bupivacaine Enhances And Prolongs Analgesia After Brachial Plexus Block Via A Local Mechanism In Healthy Volunteers". Eur J Anaesth. 2004;21:P 198–204.
[6]. Birbal baj, Vandana tyagi, R.S. Chaudhri, and Derashri A comparative study of effects of clonidine added to ropivacaine versus plain ropivacaine during supra clavicular brachial plexus block. Journal of evolution of medical and dental sciences/ volume 2/ issue 52/ December 30, 2013..

Abstract: Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in India. Present study was undertaken to correlate ECG changes with spirometric parameters in patients with COPD. Methodology: Fifty patients of COPD fulfilling the inclusion criteria coming to OPD/Wards of MGUMST, Jaipur were recruited. They were subjected to detailed history (as per the performa), clinical and diagnostic examination. Data analysis was done using SPSS software. Results: The most common ECG changes were P wave axis > +90°, QRS axis> +90°, P wave height > 2.5 mm in lead II and R wave in V6 < 5 mm. There was significant negative correlation between FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio and ECG changes.

[1]. R. Joshi, M Cardona, S Iyengar et al. Chronic diseases now a leading cause of death in rural India-mortality data from the Andhra Pradesh Rural Health Initiative. Int. J. Epidemiol.2006; 35(6): 1522-29.
[2]. Viegi G, Maio S, Pistelli F, Baldacci S, Carrozzi, L. Epidemiology of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respirology 2006; 5: 523-32.
[3]. Mannino DM, Buist AS. Global burden of COPD: risk factor prevalence and feature trends. Lancet 2007; 370: 765-73.
[4]. Bertoli L. Echocardiographic and haemodynamic assessment of right heart impairment in chronic obstructive lung disease. Respiration 1983; 44: 282.
[5]. Himelman RB, Struve SN, Brown JK, Namnum P, Schiller NB. Improved recognition of cor pulmonale in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Med 1988; 84: 891-898.
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[7]. Kamat SR, Doshi VB, Mahashur AA, Gregrat JK, Natu RB, Patade VD et al. Behaviour on follow-up in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lung India. 1984; 2(1): 76-83.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies of various reasons for carrying out root canal treatment at Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani. A total number of 250 patients who reported in were selected for the study irrespective of their gender. Teeth needing root canal treatment were carefully evaluated on the basis of their vitality, any traumatic injury, previous treatment (if any) and/or intentional requirement of treatment because of some restorative procedure. Out of the 595 patients who were included in the study, necrosed pulp (38.31%) was the most common reason for root canal treatment followed by irreversible pulpitis (34.28%), intentional root canal treatment (3.36%), trauma (8.40%), failed root canal treatment (10.92%) and other reasons (4.70%).

[1]. Walton RE, Torabinejad M. Principles and practice of endodontics. 2nd Edition. WB Saunders Company. 1996;324-334.
[2]. Grossman LI, Seymour O, Carlos EDR, editors. Selection of cases for treatment. In: Endodontic practice. 11thed. Bombay: Varghese Publishing; 1998. 126.
[3]. Ridell K, Sundin B, Mattson L. Endodontic treatment during childhood and adolescence. Swed Dent J 2003; 27: 83-9.
[4]. Puglesi DM, Cunla RF, Delbem AC, Sundefeld ML. Influence of the type of dental trauma on the pulp vitality and time elapsed until treatment. Dent Traumatol 2004; 20: 139-42.
[5]. Jimena ME. Endodontic needs of geriatric patients in private practice. J Philipp Dent Assoc 1998; 49: 5-21.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine different causes of endodontic treatment failure in patients who approached the Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, for re- treatment. This study was carried out from December 2014 to June 2015 and included one hundred fifty patients of both genders with different post endodontic treatment complaints. Clinical and radio- graphic examination was used to confirm treatment failure. The most common clinical symptoms were tenderness, tenderness and pain, or swelling (72%, 29.3% and 22.7% respectively). The common causes of endodontic treatment failure were poorly filled (40%), under filled (34.7%) and no root canal filling (17.3%). Root canal failure due to overfilling was 5.3%. Most of these failed cases were either treated by internees (House officers) in the teaching institutes (34.7%) or general dental practitioners (57.3%).

[1]. Walton RE, Torabinejad M. Principles and practice of endodontics. 2nd Edition. WB Saunders Company. 1996;324-334.
[2]. Sjogren U, Hagglund B, Sundqvist G, Wing K. Factors affecting the long-term results of endodontic treatment. Journal of Endodontics.Oct. 1990;16(10).
[3]. Sjogren U, Hagglund B, Sundqvist G, Wing K. Factors affect- ing the long-term results of endodontic treatment. J Endod 1990; 16: 498–504.
[4]. Siqueria JF, Araujo MCP, Garua PF, Fraga RC, SabotaDantas CJ. Histological evaluation of the effectiveness of five instru- mentation techniques for cleaning the apical third root canals. J Endod 1997; 23: 499-502.

Abstract: Palate radicular grooves, also called Palato gingival grooves or radicular lingual grooves are developmental anomalies in which an infolding of the inner enamel epithelium and Hertwig's epithelial Root sheath create a groove that passes from the cingulam and extend varying distances apically on to The root. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of palato gingival groove in maxillary lateral incisors. 100 patients of age ranged between 15-30 years.

[1]. Arun A, Bhandi S, Subhash TS. Palatogingival groove-An enigma. IJDA 2010;1(2):4-8
[2]. Dharamsi A, Garhnayak L, Gharhnayak M, Singh GP, Chaturvedy V. Comprehensive management of lateral incisor with a deep palatoradicular groove: A case report Indian J Stomatol 2011; 2(2): 144-47
[3]. Ram S, Sudhakar U, Pramod V, Radhika A. Palato gingival grooves. IJDA 2010;2(2):229-33
[4]. Gound G, Maze G. Treatment options for the radicular lingual groove: A review and discussion. Pract Periodont Aesthet Dent 1998;10(3):369-75
[5]. Scharfer E, Cankay R, Ott K. Malformations in maxillary incisors: case report of radicular palatal groove. Endod Dent Traumatol 2000; 16: 132-37
[6]. Hou GL, Tsai CC. Relationship between palatoradicular grooves and localized periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1993;20:678-82

Abstract: Periodontal structures are vital tissues that could be affected by the surrounding environment. Dental materials and/or restorations may trigger negative response such as gingival inflammation and bone loss from periodontal tissues. The objective of this study was to report the prevalence of overhang interproximal amalgam restorations. Twenty (20) patients aged between 18 - 40 years were randomly selected for the study. Posterior bitewing radiographs were taken, and 640 proximal surfaces were examined. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Chi square test was utilized.

[1]. Brunsvold MA, Lane JJ. The prevalence of overhanging dental restorations and their relationship to periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1990; 17: 67-72.
[2]. Gilmore N, Sheiham A. Overhanging dental restorations and periodontal disease. J Periodontol 1971; 42: 8-12.
[3]. Jeffcoat MK, Howell TH. The alveolar bone destruction due to overhanging amalgam in periodontal disease. J Periodontol 1980; 51: 599-602.
[4]. Lang NP, Kiel RA, Anderhalden K. Clinical and microbiological effects of subgingival restorations with overhanging or clinically perfect margins. J Clin Periodontol 1983; 10: 563-578.
[5]. Alexander AG. Periodontal aspects of conservative dentistry. British Dent J 1968; 124: 111-114.

Abstract: Cigarette smoking has long been suspected to adversely affect wound healing but in Asian history tobacco was attributed as a medicinal plant. It was often used to avert hunger during long hours of work. But in reality, it causes various ill effects including pre-malignant lesions and cancers. Tobacco affects postoperative wound healing following surgical and non-surgical tooth extractions, routine maxillofacial surgeries, implants and periodontal therapies. Smoking tobacco is also associated with catecholamines release resulting in vasoconstriction and decreased tissue perfusion. Smoking is believed to suppress the innate and host-immune responses, affecting the function of neutrophils, the prime line of defence against infection. Thus, the association between smoking and delayed healing of oral tissues following surgeries is evident.

Key words: Tobacco, healing effects, dry socket, dental extractions.

[1]. Reddy KS, Gupta PC, editors. Report on Tobacco control in India. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi: Government of India; 2004.
[2]. Daftari Tk, Whitesides jr Te, Heller Jg, Goodrich Ac, Mccarey Be, Hutton Wc. Nicotine on the revascularization of bone graft. An experimental study in rabbits. Spine 1994; 19: 904-911.
[3]. Peacock EE, Van Winkle W. Wound repair. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1976.
[4]. Mosely LH, Finseth F, Goody M. Nicotine and its effect in wound healing. Plast Reconstruction Surgery 1978; 61:570-575.
[5]. Sheveleva GA, Kiryuschenkov AP, Sheina NI, Silantyeva IV. Effects of nicotine on the mother embryo system under exposure throughout the entire pregnancy. Farmacologiiani Toksikologiia 1984; 47:78-83.

Abstract: Immature teeth with necrotic pulp and periapical lesion are difficult to treat via conventional endodontic therapy. Though revascularization & natural repair of root anatomy is the ideal outcome, it is not always feasible due to the prolonged treatment timeinvolved. Apexification followed by the reinforcement of weakened root structures with fiber post is an attractive option. Biodentine and MTA are two successful materials used for apexification procedures. Biodentine is superior in its handling properties, fast setting time and push out bond strength. Multiple fiber posts bonded together bycomposite resin can be used to strengthen the weakened tooth structure.

[1]. Günes B, Aydinbelge HA. Mineral trioxide aggregate apical plug method for the treatment of nonvital immature permanent maxillary incisors: Three case reports. Journal of conservative dentistry, 15, 2012, 73-6.
[2]. A.M. Ahmed, A. Fadhel, Nasr H. Al-Qudami Al-Kudami. Endodontic Repair Filling Materials: A Review Article. British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research,4(16), 2014, 3059-3079
[3]. Simon S, Rilliard F, Berdal A, Machtou P. The use of mineral trioxide aggregate in one-visit apexification treatment: a prospective study. International Endodontic Journal,40(3), 2007, 186-97
[4]. Torabinejad M, Rastegar AF, Kettering JD, Pitt Ford TR. Bacterial leakage of mineral trioxide aggregate as a root-end filling material. Journal of Endodontics, 21(3), 1995, 109-12
[5]. Torbjorner A, Karlsson S, Odman PA. Survival rate and failure characteristics for two post designs. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 73, 1995, 439–444

Abstract: Abstract: Background: This study aimed to measure degree of conversion of bulk-fill composite Materials and Methods: Ten samples of each group of material Three of group are bulk fill composite SonicFill , Surefill SDR & Tetric EvoCeram and one with incremental fill universal posterior composite G-aenial posterior GC . The specimens were prepared for each group following ISO standard 4049 (degree of conversion ). All the available data were obtained the mean and standard deviation for each sample were collected and it analyzed with analysis of variance one-way ANOVA and LSD test at p ≥ 0.05 level of confidence. Using utilizing SPSS statistical software.

[1]. Goldstein RE. Sistemas adhesives de los composites. En: Goldstein RE. Odontología estética vol I. Barcelona: stm Editores; 2002. p. 289-352.
[2]. De la Macorra JC. La contracción de polimerización de los materiales restauradores a base de resinas compuestas. Odontol Cons 1999;2:24-35.
[3]. Holter D, Frey H, Mulhaupt R. Branched bismethacrylates based on Bis-GMA. a systematic route to low shrinkage composites. Polymer Preprints 1997;38:84–5.
[4]. Culbertson BM, Wan Q, Tong Y. Preparation and evaluation of visible light-cured multi-methacrylates for dental composites. J Macromolec Sci-Pure Appl Chem 1997;34:2405-21
[5]. Noronha filho JD, Brando NL, Poskus LT, Guimaraes JGA,Silva EM.A critical analysis of degree of conversion of resin based luting cements. J Appl Oral Sci 2010;18:442e6

Abstract: One of the most important sources of stress in life is job that is caused every year hundreds loss of work days. In this study, 288 medical personnel Shohada hospital in the city of Khorramabad to a stratified random sampling method were studied. Data collection was 10 dimensions job stress questionnaire to assess stress in hospital. Results showed that 90.2% of the samples were at the moderate level, 2.5% and 5.3% were classified at mild and severe stress levels, respectively occupational stress was higher in laboratory personnel (80.6 ± 7.2) and midwives (87.3 ± 5.7). So it seems that effective strategies for improving working conditions and reducing occupational stress are essential in hospital personals.

Keyword: Occupational stress, educational, hospital

[1]. Mirfakhroddini H. Impact of Religious Attitudes and Job Stress on Organizational Success with Fuzzy Neural Networks Approach [Case Study: Private And Public Hospitals In Tehran]. Journal of health management 2012;15[47]:39-46.
[2]. Torshizi L, Ahmadi F. Job Stressors from Clinical Nurses' Perspective. Iran Journal of Nursing [IJN]2011;24[70]:49-60.
[3]. Hazavehei S M M, Hosseini Z, Moeini B, Moghimbeigi A, Hamidi Y. Assessing Stress Level and Stress Management Among Hamadan Hospital Nurses Based on PRECEDE Model. Ofogh-e-Danesh; Journal of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences 2012;18[3]:78-86.
[4]. ZeighamiMohammadiSh, AsgharzadehHaghighi S. Relation between Job Stress and Burnout among the Nursing Staff. Dena 2012;5[3,4]:13-25.
[5]. World Health Organization. The burden of occupational illness. Available from http: .. www.WHO. Int. [2006.08.30].