iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2015

Abstract: The portion of lung tissue which is aerated by individual tertiary bronchus is called bronchopulmonary segment.This is supplied by separate pulmonary artery and drained by common intersegmental vein.The knowledge aboutbranching pattern of bronchial tree is important during surgical resection of segments, procedures like bronchoscopy&to advice the suitable position for the patient in case of lung abscess.There are not so many articles for this study, but text books have documented variations in the branching pattern of bronchial trees of lungs.

[1]. Berg R.M., Boyden E.A., and Smith F.R. An analysis of variations of the segmental bronchi of the left lower lobe of fifty dissected and ten injected lungs. -. J.thoracic surgery 18; 216 – 1949.
[2]. Bhima Devi N.,B.NarasingaRao,V.Sunitha, Morphological variations of the lungA cadaveric study in north coastal Andhra pradsesh.
[3]. Boyden E.A., and Hamre, C.J.An analysis of variations in the broncho vascular patterns of the middle lobe in fifty dissected and twenty injected lungs. J. thoracic surg. 21; 171 – 1951.
[4]. Boyden E.A., and Hartmann J.F.An analysis of variations in the broncho pulmonary segments of the left upper lobes of fifty lungs. Am.J. Anat.79: 321 – 1946.
[5]. Boyden E.A., and Scannell, J.G.An analysis of variations in the broncho vascular pattern of the right upper lobe of fifty lungs. Am. J. anat. 82: 27– 1948.

Abstract: Parapharyngeal tumours are groups of rare tumours in a relatively complex anatomical area. A proper planning of the surgical procedure based on clinical and radiological evaluation guided by strong anatomical knowledge and experience is the key to success in managing a case of parapharyngeal tumour

Keywords: Parapharyngeal tumours, schwannoma, Pleomorphic adenoma, Trans-cervical, trans-mandibular, stylohyoid window, radiological biopsy

[1] Management of parapharyngeal Tumours. Eugene N Myers. Head and Neck Surgery, 1st ed, Jaypee Publications. 2009. p1132.
[2] Complication of surgery of the parapharyngeal space. Eric J Moore, K D Olsen. Complication in head and neck surgery. 2 nd edition 2009. p 241 -250.
[3] Trans-oral excision of lateral pharyngeal space tumours presenting intra orally. Goodwin W J jr, Chandlier Jr. Laryngoscope. 1988, 98(3); p266-269.
[4] Tumours of the parapharyngeal space. .Myers E N, Johnson Jt., Curtin H D..Cancer of the Head and Neck. 4 th edition. W B Saunders. NewYork, 2003; p523-524.
[5] Surgical procedure of parapharyngeal tumours. Keqial et al. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. june 2009; vol 67, Issue 6: p1239-1244.

Abstract: Background: Prediabetes and are increasing in prevalence all over the world, they each carry risks to the future development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. These risks will be greatly exaggerated if they occur together in the same individual. The aim of the study was to find the prevalence and the association of prediabetes and metabolic syndrome, in addition to analyzing the correlation of the risk factors that lead to their development. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, simple random study that included 300 Iraqi individuals, aged between 30-75 years, who accepted to take part in this study were recruited.

[1]. Alberti KG. Screening and diagnosis of prediabetes: where are we headed? Diabetes Obes Metab 2007;9 Suppl 1:12– 6.
[2]. National Diabetes Data Group: Classification and diagnosis of diabetes and other categories of glucose intolerance. Diabetes 28:1039–1057, 1979.
[3]. World Health Organization: WHO Expert Committee on Diabetes Mellitus: Second Report. Geneva, World Health Org., 1980(Tech. \Rep. Ser., no 646).
[4]. The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus: Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 20:1183–1197, 1997.
[5]. World Health Organization: Definition, Diagnosis, and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications: Report of a WHO consultation. Part 1: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Geneva, World Health Org., 1999 (WHO/NCD/ NCS/99.2).
[6]. World Health Organization. WHO Expert Committee on Diabetes Mellitus: second report. World Health Organ Tech Reo Ser 1980; 646:1– 80.

Abstract: Traumatic brain injury is leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. Preliminary studies about the efficacy of cell therapy are presently being translated to clinical trials. Only few significant works has been focused on cell therapy applications for a wide range of diseases, including cardiac disease, bone disease, hepatic disease, and cancer. Traumatic brain injury is a devastating event for which existing therapies are limited. In this review the authors discuss the current status, background, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and future prospective treatment of Traumatic Brain Injuries.

Key words: Brain Grafting, Neural Grafting, Pathophysiology, Traumatic Brain Injuries, Treatment

[1]. Mark Richardson R, Amanpreet Singh, Dong Sun, Helen L. F, Dalton W. D, and Ross Bullock M, Stem cell biology in traumatic brain injury: effects of injury and strategies for repair, J Neurosur., 112(5), 2010, 1125-38.
[2]. Parr AM, Tator CH and Keating A, Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for the repair of central nervous system injury, Bone Marrow Transplantation, 40(7), 2007, 609–19.
[3]. Tator CH. Review of treatment trials in human spinal cord injury: issues, difficulties, and recommendations, Neurosur., 59(5), 2006, 957-82.
[4]. Werner C, and Engelhard K, Pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, Br. J. Anaesth., 99 (1), 2007, 4-9.
[5]. Myron F. Weiner, Anne M. Lipton, text book of alzheimer disease and other dementias (Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2009)
[6]. Faul M, Xu L, Wald MM, Coronado VG. Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States: Emergency Department Visits, Hospitalizations and Deaths 2002–2006. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; 2010.

Abstract: Introduction: Two major factors have been found to shape attitudes and health behaviors: one is learned experience and the other is culturally determined attitudes. Materials and methods: 200 students were chosen randomly from every faculty at Palacky university. 1800Anonymous questionnaires on oral health behavior were delivered at 9 faculties. The data were processed and analyzed usingsoftware IBM SPSS Statistics 22 statistical package. Chi-square test was used.

[1]. Terezhalmy GT, Bartizek RD, and Biesbrock AR (2008) Plaque-removal efficacy of four types of dental floss. J Periodontol 79(2), 245-51.
[2]. 2. Paraskevas S, Timmerman MF, Van der Velden U, Van der Weijden GA(2006) Additional effect of dentifrices on the instant efficacy of toothbrushing. J Periodontol 77(9), 1522-7.
[3]. Nettleton S (1986) Understanding dental health beliefs: an introduction to ethnography. Br Dent J 161(4), 145-7.
[4]. BarrosVJ de A, Costa S M, ZaninL , Flório FM(2015)Evaluation of an educational activity inthe oral health of students. Int J Dent HygDOI: 10.1111/idh.12152,7 pages.
[5]. Al-Zarea BK (2013) Oral Health Knowledge of Periodontal Disease among University Students. Int J DentID 647397, 7 pages.
[6]. Barrieshi-Nusair K, Alomari Q, and Said K(2006) Dental health attitudes and behaviour among dental students in Jordan. Community Dent Health 23(3),147-51.

Abstract: Background: Chronic Otitis Media (COM) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the middle ear cleft and mastoid that often results in partial or total loss of the tympanic membrane (TM)andossicles, leading to conductive hearing loss that can range in severity up to 60 dB. Method: In this prospective study, we evaluated pre- operative and post – operative hearingimprovement in 120 patients with CSOM under goingtympanoplasty with or withoutmastoidectomy , studied between December 2011 to may 2013 in tertiary centre. The audiological benefit was analyzed after 3 months and 6 months postoperatively

[1]. Merchant SN, Mckenna MJ, Rosowski JJ. Current Status and future challenges of tympanoplasty. Ear Arch Otorhinolaryngology 1998: 225:221-28
[2]. Adkins wy (1990) composite autograft for Tympanoplasty&Tympanomastoidsurgery. Laryngoscope 100, 244-247.
[3]. Lee p, Kelly G, Mills RP. Myringoplasty: does the size of perforation matter? ClinicalOtolaryngology and Allied Sciences 2002; 27:331-4.
[4]. Black JH, Wormald PJ. Myringoplasty--effects on hearing and contributing factors. SAfr Med J. 1995 Jan;85(1):41-3.

Abstract: Plan: Aim is to identify the phyto-compounds found in natural food product- Mushrooms(Agaricus) commercially Mother tincture extracted by Sharda Boiron Laboratories Ltd India –Licence no.1703-11. Method: Mode of percolation. To evaluate the anti oxidant level ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, glutathione, caroteniods, and polyphenol.And oxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD),and catalase(CAT). By Thiocyanate method. Oxidative stress is a major problem for all the biological system including humans.

[1]. Blois, M.S., 2002. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 26, 1199–1200.Bobek, P., Ginter, E., Jurcovicova, M., Kunia, K., 1991.
[2]. Cholesterolloweringeffect of the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus in hereditaryhypercholesterolemic rats. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 35,191–195.
[3]. Breene, W.M., 1990. Nutritional and medicinal value of speciallymushrooms. Journal of Food Protection 53 (10), 883–894.
[4]. Carpenter, A.P., 1979. Determination of tocopherols in vegetable oils.Journal of American Oil Chemical society 56, 668–672.
[5]. Cazzi, R., Ricardy, R., Aglitti, T., Gatta, V., Petricone, P., De Salvia, R.,1997. Ascorbic acid and b-carotene as modulators of oxidativedamage. Carcinogenesis 18, 223–228.
[6]. Chang, L.W., Yen, W.J., Huang, S.C., Duh, P.D., 2002. Antioxidantactivity of sesame coat. Food Chemistry 78, 347–354.

Abstract: Background: Morphometric measurement study of mandible is important for dentists in administering the regional anaesthesia while performing the periodontal, dental implant, apicocurettage and endodontic procedures in the mental region of the mandible. Materials and methods: A total of 35 dry adult mandibles of unknown sex with complete dentition and intact alveolar sockets collected from the Department of Anatomy, Coimbatore Medical College, Coimbatore were used for this study. The shape, size, location, number of mental foramen, direction of opening of mental foramen was measured on both sides of the mandible by using digital vernier caliper.

[1]. Sumit G, Jagdish SS. Study of anatomical variations and incidence of mental foramen and accessory mental foramen in dry human mandibles. National journal of medical research. 2012(mar);2(1):28-30.

[2]. Standring S, Borley NR, Collins P et al.Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice-Pleura, lungs, trachea and bronchi.40th ed.Spain:Churchill Livingstone; 2008: 530-32.

[3]. Datta AK. Essentials of Human Anatomy (Head and Neck). 5th ed.Kolkata:Current Books International; 2009:42-43.

[4]. Lopes PTC, Pereira GAM, Santos AMPV. Location of the mental foramen in dry mandibles of adult individuals in Southern Brazil. J.Morphol.Sci. 2010;27(1):23-25.

[5]. Ilayaperuma I, Nanayakkara G, Palahepitiya N. Morphometric analysis of the mental foramen in adult Srilankan Mandibles. Int.J.Morpho. 2009;27(4):1019-24.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of orofacial clefts in a Sulaimani newborn population and examine the occurrence pattern with other birth defects in infants with orofacial clefts and associated dead. Materials and Methods:The data of this retrospective study was collected from Obstetrics and Gynecological hospital archive which provided details on the course of pregnancy as well as information regarding the gender and origin of newborns from 2010-2014. The hospital located in the center of Sulaimani City, therefore the data included the newborn of the inhabitants of city center and the around areas.

[1] Cooper ME, Ratay JS, Marazita ML. Asian oral-facial cleft birth prevalence. The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal, 43: 580-589, 2006 [2] Banerjee, Mayuri, and Anar Singh Dhakar. "Epidemiology-clinical profile of cleft lip and palate among children in India and its surgical consideration." CJS 2 (2013): 45-51.
[3] Gorlin RY, Cohen MM, Hannekam R. Syndromes of the head and neck, 4th ed. Oxford University Presss. New York, Oxford;2001
[4] Derijcke A, Eerens A, Carels C. The incidence of oral clefts: a review. Br J Oral MaxillofacSurg 1996;34:488-94.
[5] Canfield MA, Honein MA, Yuskiv N, Xing J, Mai CT, Collins JS, et al. National estimates and race/ethnicspecific variation of selected birth defects in the United States, 1999-2001. Birth Defects Res A ClinMolTeratol 2006;76:747-56.

Abstract: Extensive loss of crown of a toothleads to problems with retention subsequent restorations. In posterior teeth these can be alleviated by the use of dentine pins although their use is decreased (1). Most of the teeth can be restored using amalgam or composites. But when the preparation size is very big due to caries or other reason and the remaining tooth structure is very less, it becomes difficult to achieve optimal resistance and retention form. In such cases, dentin lock and slots are prepared in the dentin. But when these retentive features are insufficient to provide desired retention, pin supported restorations are used. In these cases, pins support the restorative materials and resist their dislodgement in severely damaged teeth (2).

[1] Mitchell, David, and Laura Mitchell. Oxford handbook of clinical dentistry. Oxford University Press, USA, 2014. [2] Bagby, Michael, and Marcia Stewart. Clinical Aspects of Dental Materials: Theory, Practice, and Cases by. Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013. [3] Garg, Nisha, and AmitGarg. Textbook of operative dentistry. JP Medical Ltd, 2013. [4] Song MY, Park JM, Park EJ.Full mouth rehabilitation of the patient with severely worn dentition: a case report.JAdvProsthodont 2010;2:106-610 [5] Johansson A, Johansson AK, Omar R, Carlsson GE Rehabilitation of the worn dentition.J Oral Rehabil 2008;35:548-566. [6] Papa J, Wilson PR, TyasMJ.Pins for direct restorations.J Dent 1993;21:259-264. [7] Attin T, Hellwig E, Hilgers RD, Zimmermann U. Fracture toughness of pin-retained class 4 restorations.Oper Dent 1994;19:110-115.

Abstract: Foreign bodies may be endogenous or exogenous and provoke chronic inflammation of the foreignbody type. The reaction provides a mechanism for elimination of the foreign body and the reaction pattern depends on the kind of tissue involved (1).The foreign body granuloma is a response of biological tissue to any foreign material in the tissue (2).Detection of retained foreign bodies can be extremely difficult when the patients present with non-specific symptoms such as pain and/or swelling without recognizing a previous trauma (3) and granuloma is a tumor-like mass or nodule ofgranulationtissue, with actively growingfibroblasts andapillary buds,consisting of a collectionofmodifiedmacrophagesresemblingepithelial cells, surroundedby a rim of mononuclear cells,chiefly lymphocytes,andsometimes acenter of giant multinucleate cells;it is due to a chronicinflammatoryprocessassociatedwithinfectious disease or invasionby aforeign body.

[1]. Donath, Karl, Monika Laaß, and Hans-Joachim Günzl. "The histopathology of different foreign-body reactions in oral soft tissue and bone tissue." VirchowsArchivA 420, no. 2 (1992): 131-137.

[2]. Rapini, Ronald P., Jean L. Bolognia, and Joseph L. Jorizzo. Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby.ISBN 1-4160-2999-0, 2007.

[3]. Ando, Akira, Masahito Hatori, Yoshihiro Hagiwara, ShujiIsefuku, and EijiItoi. "Imaging features of foreign body granuloma in the lower extremities mimicking a soft tissue neoplasm." Upsala journal of medical sciences 114, no. 1 (2009): 46-51.

[4]. Farlex, I. N. C. "The free dictionary." Retrieved June 28 (2009): 2012.

Abstract: In developing countries, acute lower respiratory illness (ALRI) contributes to significant mortality in children below the age of 5 years and hypoxemia is the major contributing factor for mortality in these children. Early detection of hypoxemia and treatment improves outcome in these children. As pulse oximeter is not available in all health care facilities in developing countries, clinical signs which predict hypoxemia should be identified. Objectives:To determine the clinical predictors of hypoxemia in children aged 2 months to 5 years with acute respiratory illness. Methods: A hospital based study was conducted at pediatric ward of Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai for a period of one year. Children of age group 2 months - 5 years, who were admitted with signs and symptoms suggestive of an acute respiratory illness, were included in the study.

[1]. Kabra S K, Lodha R. Can clinical signs and symptoms accurately predict the prevalence of hypoxemia in children with acute lower respiratory infections. Indian pediatrics 2004; 41:129-135.
[2]. Usen S, Weber M, Mullholand K, et al. Clinical predictors of hypoxemia in Gambian children with acute lower respiratory tract infection: prospective cohort study. BMJ 1999; 318:86-91.
[3]. Onyango FE, Steinhoff MC, Wafula EM, Wariua S, Musia J, Kitonyi J. Hypoxemia in young Kenyan children with acute lower respiratory infection. BMJ 1993; 306:612-5.
[4]. Dyke T, Lewis D, Heegaard W, Manary M, Flew S, Rudeen K. Predicting hypoxia in children with acute lower respiratory infection: a study in the highlands of Papua New-Guinea. J Trop Pediatr 1995; 41:196-201.

Abstract: Background: Vaccines may be administered routinely or in vaccination campaigns which may be carried out for purposes of disease control or elimination, to improve coverage of routine immunization or to increase access for hard to reach communities. This review assessed the rationale, process and outcomes of three injectable vaccine; Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), measles and meningitis vaccines used in campaigns in Nigeria and sub Saharan Africa. Methodology: A literature search was carried out on pubmed using the search terms 'Vaccination AND Campaigns AND (Measles OR IPV OR Meningitis) AND Africa. The findings were summarized and presented for the three vaccines respectively.

[1]. Caini, S., Beck, N. S., Yacouba, H., Maiga, I., Chaibou, I., Hinsa, I. Pezzoli, L. (2013). From Agadez to Zinder: estimating coverage of the MenAfriVacTM conjugate vaccine against meningococcal serogroup A in Niger, September 2010 - January 2012. Vaccine, 31(12), 1597–603. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.01.015
[2]. CDC. (2013). Notes from the field: outbreak of poliomyelitis—Somalia and Kenya, May 2013. MMWR, 62, 484.
[3]. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Measles outbreaks and progress toward measles preelimination – African region, 2009–2010. MMWR, 86(14), 129–36.
[4]. Christie, A. S., & Gay, A. (2011). The Measles Initiative: moving toward measles eradication. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 204(Suppl 1), S14–17. doi:10.1093/infdis/jir075
[5]. Daugla, D. M., Gami, J. P., Gamougam, K., Naibei, N., Mbainadji, L., Narbé, M., … Greenwood, B. M. (2014). Effect of a serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine (PsA-TT) on serogroup A meningococcal meningitis and carriage in Chad: a community study [corrected]. Lancet, 383(9911), 40–7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61612-8

Abstract: Background: Gingival biotype is a prognostic factor in different therapeutic and regenerative approaches in dentistry. Patients with thin biotype are more prone to recession, inflammation, compromised tissue response, therapeutic and regenerative procedures. Identification of gingival biotypes is therefore important for the treatment planning process in restorative and implant dentistry. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the correlation of different biotypes in individuals with age, gender, varying forms of maxillary central incisors and clinical parameters.

[1]. Claffey N., Shanley d .: relationship of gingival thickness and bleeding to loss of probing attachment in shallow sites following nonsurgical periodontal therapy. J. Clin. Periodontol. 1986, 13, 654–657.

[2]. Greenberg J., laster l., listgarten M.a .: transgingival probing as a potential estimator of alveolar bone level. J. Periodontol. 1976, 47, 514–517.
[3]. De Rouck T, Eghbali R, Collys K, De Bruyn H, Cosyn J. The gingival biotype revisited transparency of the periodontal probe through the gingival margin as a method to discriminate thin from thick. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2009;36:428–433
[4]. Seibert J &Lindhe J. Esthetics and periodontal therapy. In: Lindhe J, ed. Textbook of clinical periodontology 2nd ed. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 477–514.
[5]. Muller HP, Eger T. Gingival phenotypes in young male adults. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 1997;24:65–71
[6]. Olsson M, Lindhe J, Marinello CP. On the relationship between crown form and clinical features of the gingiva in adolescents. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 1993;20:570–577