iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2016

Abstract: Purpose: The Bipaddle pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMF) is a commonly used flap in reconstructive head and neck surgery in advanced cases, but in literature, the flap is also associated with a high incidence of complications in addition to its large bulk. The purpose of the study is the evaluation of the flap reliability, operative technique and outcome in reconstructive head and neck cancer surgery............

Keywords: Full thickness cheek and oral defects, operative technique, Bipaddle pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMF).

[1]. Koshima I, Yamamoto H, Hosoda M, Moriguchi T, Nagayama H. Free combined composite flaps using the lateral circumflex femoral system for repair of massive defects of head and neck region: an introduction to the chimeric flap principle. PlastReconstrSurg 1993;92:411–20.
[2]. Demikran F, Dheu HC, Wie FC, Chen HH, Jung SG, Hau SP, et al. The versatile anterolateral thigh flap: a musculocutaneous flap in disguise in head and neck reconstruction. Br J PlastSurg 2000;53:30–6.
[3]. Bhathena HM, Kavrana NM. The folded, bipaddledpectoralis major composite flap in oral reconstruction. Br J PlastSurg 1989;42:441–6.
[4]. C.-Y. Hsing, Y.-K.Wong, C. P. Wang et al., ―Comparison between free flap and pectoralis major pedicled flap for reconstruction in oral cavity cancer patients—a quality of life analysis,‖ Oral Oncology, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 522–527, 2011.
[5]. A. L. Kruse, H. T. Luebbers, J. A. Obwegeser, M. Bredell, and K. W. Gratz, ―Evaluation of the pectoralis major flap for reconstructive head and neck surgery,‖ Head & Neck Oncology, vol. 3, p. 12, 2011.

Abstract: The management of calcaneal fractures range from closed treatment to open reduction internal fixation with different fixation. The radiological and functional outcome of 15 closed intra-articular Sander's type II and III calcaneal fractures fixed with locking calcaneal plate by extensile lateral approach was done. Properly selected cases with proper timing of surgery accepted results in both clinically and radiologically are achieved with few complications...........

Keywords: Calcaneum Fractures, locking plate, internal fixation, Sander's

[1]. R.W. Sanders, M.P. Clare, Fractures of the calcaneus, Charles, James(Ed.,), Rockwood & Green's fractures in Adults,) 8th ed. (Lippincott: Wolters Kluwer, 2015) 2639-2685(61).
[2]. S.W. Ishwaka, Fractures and dislocations of the foot, in S.T.Canale(Ed.,). Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics 12th ed. (Philadelphia: Elsevier 2013) 4139-4157(88).
[3]. Sanders, Roy, Displaced intra articular fractures of calcaneum JBJS 82-A, No.2, Feb. 2000.
[4]. D.P. Barei, C.Bellabarba, B.J. Sangeorzan, K. Benirschke. Fractures of the calcaneus. Orthop. Clin. North Am. 2002 Jan 33(1) : 263-85.
[5]. E.J. Harvey, L. Grujic, J.S. Early, K. Benirschke, B.J. Sangeorzan. Morbidity associated with ORIF of intra-articular calcaneus fractures using a lateral approach. Foot Ankle Tnt. 2001 Nov. 22(11) 868-73.

Abstract: Objective: To study clinical and laboratory profile of Sjogren's syndrome. Method and Material: Total of 27 patients of Sjogren's syndrome (15 Primary & 12 Secondary) were recruited in the study. As per American-European Consensus criteria, Sjogren's syndrome was diagnosed, when patient satisfied 4 of the six criteria. Results: Total 27 patients were studied, 15 were diagnosed as Primary Sjogren's syndrome and 12 were diagnosed as Secondary Sjogren's syndrome, as per the criteria.........

Keywords:........

[1]. Haralampos M. Moutspoulos Sjogren syndrome: Harrison's principles of Internal medicine 17th edition, Vol 2: 2107-09.
[2]. Mason AM, Gumpel JM, Golding PL: Sjögren's syndrome: A clinical review. Sem Arthritis Rheum 1973; 2:301.
[3]. Tziooufas AG, Moutsopoulus HM. Sjögren's syndrome. In: Hochberg MC, Silman AJ, Smolen JS, Winblatt ME, Weisman MH, eds. Rheumatology, 3rd ed. London: Mosby 2003; 1431–1443.

[4]. R Porkodi, S Rukmangathrajan, P Kanakarani, M Prathiban .Primary Sjogren syndrome – clinical and immunological features: Indian Rheumatol Assoc 2003:11:63-65.
[5]. Edward d Harris, Ralph Budd, and Shaun Ruddy: Kelley's textbook Rheumatology: 7th Edition. AN, Venugopal B, Thenmozivilli PR. Spectrum of Clinical and immunological features of systemic rheumatic disorders in a referral hospital in south India- Sjogrens syndrome s.J Indian Rheumatologic assoc.1994; 2:7.

Abstract: Diabetes is a disease of multisystem complication. Skin manifestation including various infective and non infective lesions are very common. A study was conducted in a tertiary care institute to evaluate different skin infections seen in diabetic patients. Materials and methods: All diabetic patients attending outpatient services or indoor admitted diabetic patients in the institute over one and half years were screened for cutaneous infection. Correlation of their overall glucose control with outcome of infection was done in terms of duration of type of treatment required ,outpatient or indoor hospital stay required, surgical intervention ,morbidity and mortality.....

Keywords: .......

[1]. Hattemn SV,Boots MA,Thio HB.Skin manifestations of diabetes. Cleveland Clin J Med 2008;75:772-87.
[2]. Helene T.C., Calvet, Thanast.Yoshikava.Infections in diabetes, Inf. Dis.Clin.North America,2001;407-19.
[3]. Nigam P.K.,Pande S.,Pattern of dermatosis in diabetes.Indian J.DermatolVenerol Leprol2003;69:83-85.
[4]. Mahajan S., Koranne RV,Sharma SK. Cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus. Indian J.DermatolVenerol Leprol2003;69:105-108
[5]. Bedi BMS,Kandhari KC.Diabetes or prediabetecs and dermatosis. J.Asso.Phys.Ind 1965;13:809-810

Abstract: A better understanding of benign breast disorders comes from a comprehensive framework 'Aberrations of normal development and Involution' (ANDI) – under which most of the breast complaints can be explained. Benign Breast disorders can be noted as 'Universal phenomenon' in all ages of women causing physical and psychological distress to the patient. ANDI is an umbrella term used to describe the breast disorders that arise due to minor aberrations of the normal process of development, cyclical hormonal response and Involution. Though there have been many drugs used previously, their side-effects overwhelmed the benefits.........

Keywords: ANDI, Ormeloxifen

[1]. Hughed LE. Classification of Benign breast disorders., The ANDI classification based on physiological processes within the normal breast. Br Med Bull. 1991 Apr;47(2):251-7
[2]. Srivastava A, Mansel RE, Aravind N, Prasad K, Dhar A, Chabra A, Evidence based management of mastalgia: A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Breast 2007;16:503-12.
[3]. Sandeep kumar, Ruchi rai, G.G. Agarwal et al; A randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial of ormeloxifen in breast pain and nodularity, The National Medical Journal of India ; vol.: 26, No.: 2, 2013
[4]. B.Lawrence Riggs, M.D., and Lynn C. Hartmann, M.D ., Selective estrogen receptor modulators- mechanisms of action and application to clinical practice ., The New England Journal of Medicine 348(12): 1192 ., February 2003
[5]. M.M.Singh ., Centchroman , a selective estrogen receptor modulator, as a contraceptive and for management of hormone related clinical disorders., Volume 21, Issue 4, July 2001, pages 302-347 Wiley online Library

Abstract: Introduction: The lymphatics of testis drains through gonadal vessels to retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Hence they do not metastasize to inguinal lymph nodes. We report a case of testicular tumour with inguinal nodal metastasis and management of the same. We discuss the pathophysiology, complications and preventive measures along with literary review. Case report: A 31 year male underwent radical orchidectomy for right testicular tumour (Non Seminomatous Germ cell tumour). After six months, he recurred with ipsilateral metastasic inguinal lymph nodal mass with elevated serum tumor markers. After 4 cycles of chemotherapy, radical inguinal block dissection was done for residual nodes.............

Keywords: Testicular tumour,Inguinal nodal metastasis,Radical Inguinal orchidectomy(RIO) ,Radical Inguinal Block Dissection(RIBD).

[1]. Daugaard G, Karas V, Sommer P: Inguinal metastases from testicular cancer. BJU Int. 2006, 97: 724-726. 10.1111/j.1464-
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Abstract: Impacted tooth is defined as normal eruption path of tooth that being blocked, normally by adjacent tooth or pathology tissue until its did not grow ideally on dental arch. Third molar is the latest eruption tooth in oral cavity, between 18-25 years old, This condition may causes third molar more frequently impacted compare to other tooth due to lack of space for eruption. This study aims to know the prevalence of impacted third molar on Chinese students seen from panoramic radiography in Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sumatera Utara (USU)............

Keywords: Impacted third molar, Panoramic radiography, Chinese students

[1]. Peterson L J, Ellis E, Hupp J R, Tucker M R. Contemporary oral and maxillofacial surgery. 4th ed. The C.V.Mosby Company St.
Louis, 2003;140-8.
[2]. Chanda MH. Zahbia ZN. Pengaruh bentuk gigi geligi terhadap terjadinya impaksi gigi molar ketiga rahang bawah. Dentofasial J
Kedokteran Gigi 2007; 6(2): 65-6
[3]. Balaji SM. Oral and maxillofacial surgery. Delhi: Elsevier; 2009: 233-4
[4]. Neelima Anil Malik. Oral and maxillofacial surgery. 3rd ed. Jayoee Brothers Medical Publishers. 2012; 147-9.
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Abstract: Many patients have problems adapting to their complete dentures, especially to the mandibular prosthesis. The totally edentulous patient has several options for implant treatment today, including both fixed and removable solutions. While fixed prosthesis may appear more attractive by restoring the patient closer to a truly 'dentate' status many patients are also favourable to receive a removable appliance. This removable choice has become increasingly popular during the recent global financial downturn............

Keywords: Mastication, Swallowing, Elderly, Implant Supported Prosthesis.

[1]. TangJA, Rieger JM, Wolfaardt HF. A review of functional outcomes related to prosthetic treatment after maxillary and mandibular
reconstruction in patients with head and neck cancer. Int J Prosthodont. 2008; 21: 337-54.
[2]. Bakke M, Holm B, Gotfredsen K. Masticatory function and patient satisfactionwith implant-supported mandibular overdentures: a
prospective 5-year study. International Journal of Prosthodontics 2002; 15:575–81.
[3]. Berretin-Felix G, Nary Filho H, Padovani CR, Trindade Junior AS, Machado WM. Electromyographic evaluation of mastication
and swallowing in elderly individuals with mandibular fixed implant-supported prostheses. Journal of Applied Oral Science 2008;
16:116–21.
[4]. Carlsson GE, Lindquist LW. Ten-year longitudinal study of masticatory function in edentulous patients treated with fixed
complete dentures on osseointegrated implants. International Journal of Prosthodontics 1994; 7:448–53.
[5]. Merete Bakke, Dr Odonta Betty Holm, Klaus Gotfredsen; Masticatory Function and Patient Satisfaction with Implant-Supported
Mandibular Overdentures: A Prospective 5-Year Study; The International Journal of Prosthodontics; Volume 15, Number 6, 2002.

Abstract: Small round blue cell tumor is a very common diagnostic finding after intraoperative diagnostic procedures such as squash cytology or frozen section. After proper biopsy techniques, histopathological diagnosis and immunohistochemistry confirmation, diagnosis of Esthesioneuroblastoma is established. Due to its aggressiveness and high recurrence rate, it is mandatory to diagnose this tumor as soon as possible. In our three year study period, only 3 cases of Esthesioneuroblastoma were reported in which extensive Immunohistochemistry panel played an important role to differentiate it from others and come to a conclusive diagnosis............

Keywords: olfactory, neuroblastoma, squash cytology, biopsy, immunohistochemistry,

[1]. Theilgaard SA, Buchwald C, Ingeholm P, Kornum Larsen S, EriksenJG, Sand HansenH. Esthesioneuroblastoma: a Danish
demographicstudy of 40 patients registered between 1978 and 2000. Acta
Otolaryngol 2003;123:433–439
[2]. Wormald R, Lennon P, O'Dwyer TP: Ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma:report of four cases and a review of the literature. Eur
ArchOtorhinolaryngol 2011, 268:555-560.
[3]. Benoit MM, Bhattacharyya N, Faquin W, Cunningham M: Cancer of thenasal cavity in the pediatric population. Pediatrics 2008,
121:141-145.
[4]. Dulguerov P, Allal AS, Calcaterra TC. Esthesioneuroblastoma: ameta-analysis and review. Lancet Oncol 2001;2:683–690
[5]. Elkon D, Hightower SI, Lim ML, Cantrell RW, Constable WC.Esthesioneuroblastoma. Cancer 1979;44:1087–1094

Abstract: total protein <2.5 g/dl) or exudate (ascites total protein>2.5 g/dl).In 1922, Runyon et al. studied the superiority of serum ascites albumin gradient to the transudates –exudates concept in determining thecause of ascites. SAAG has a 97% of accuracy in portal hypertension. (1)"High-albumin gradient" (>1.1 gm/dl) or "low-albumin gradient" (<1.1 gm/dl) have replaced the terms "transudative" or "exudative" in the description of ascites in all recent publications (Babu et al 2004 & Jain et al 2004). The correlation between SAAG and EV was emphasized.In 2003, Mene et al........

Keywords: ......

[1]. Hoefs JC: Serum protein concentration and portal pressure determine the ascites fluid protein concentration in patients with chronic liver disease. J Lab Clin Med 1983; 102:
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[3]. Das B, Acharya U, Purohit A. Comparative utility of sero ascites albumin gradient and ascites fluid total protein for differential diagnosis of ascites. Indian Pediatr. 1998; 35(6):542-5.
[4]. Hoefs JC, Jonas GM. Diagnostic paracentesis. Adv Int Med 1992;37: 391–409.
[5]. Alba D, Torres E and Vázquez JJ. Sero-ascites gradient of albumin: usefulness and diagnostic limitations. An Med Interna. 1995; 12(8): 404-7.

Abstract: Myxomas are the most common primary benign tumors of the heart and different surgical approaches are being used for Left atrial myxoma excision. Biatrial approach has been classic surgical technique for Left atrial myxoma excision . Some surgeon prefers one atrial incision. In this study two surgical approaches for left atrial myxoma was compared in 54 patient from August 2006 to may 2015,Patient were divided in to two groups according to surgical approach left atriotomy ( n=27 ) and right atrial trans- septal approach ,n= 27 ) criteria studied were pre- and post-operative functional capacity,............

Keywords: Left atrial myxoma, Right atrial trans-septal approach

[1]. Ipek, G., Erentug, V., Bozbuga, N., Polat, A., Guler, M., Kirali, K.et al. (2005) Surgical management of cardiac myxoma. J Card
Surg. 20(3), 300-4.
[2]. MacGowan, S.W., Sidhu, P., Aherne, T., Luke, D., Wood, A.E.,Neligan, M.C. et. al. (1993) Atrial myxoma: national incidence,
diagnosis and surgical management. Ir J Med Sci) 162, 223-6.
[3]. Bhan, A., Ramji, M., and S. Kumar (1998) Surgical experience with intracardiac myxomas: long term follow up. Ann Thorac Surg
66, 810-3.)
[4]. Symbas PN, Hatcher CR Jr, Gravanis MB:Myxoma of the heart: clinical andexperimental observations. Ann Surg 1976; 183:((470 –
475)
[5]. ( Kabbani SS, Jokhadar M, Meada R, et al: Atrial myxoma: report of 24 operations using the biatrial approach. Ann Thorac Surg
1994; 58: 487 – 488..

Abstract: Critically ill patients in the Intensive care unit (ICU) are prone to many adverse clinical situations because of their coexisting disease or the ICU environment that produce harmful psychological and physiological changes. These changes are due to increased levels of catecholamine's and other stress hormones. The critically ill patients in the ICU are subjected to pain and discomfort due to endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, intermittent physiotherapy,........

Keywords: .........

[1]. Aitkenhead AR, Pepperman ML, Willatts SM et al. Comparison of propofol and midazolam for sedation of critically ill patients. Lancet 1989; 11:704-709.
[2]. Easton C, McKenzie F. Sensory perceptual alterations in the intensive care unit. Heart Lung 1988; 17:229-35.
[3]. The goal of sedation in mechanically ventilated patients is to keep them calm and without agitation to maximize patient comfort and ventilator synchrony.
[4]. Coursin DB, Coursin DB, Maccioli GA. Dexmedetomidine. Curr Opin Crit care 2001; 7: 221-226. .
[5]. Schweickert WD, Kress JP. Strategies to optimize analgesia and sedation. Critical Care. 2008;12(3).

Abstract: Background: Blood and blood components transfusion is a very important component of medical practice and patients'care. However, this wonderful therapeutic tool is associated with some disadvantages namely adverse transfusion reactions which in some cases lead to fatal consequences defeating the essence of its usage. Objectives: This study aims to establish the modes of presentations (signs and symptoms) of blood transfusion reactions among recipients of blood in Delsuth, Oghara..........

Keywords: Signs Symptoms Transfusion Reactions Niger-Delta Nigeria

[1]. Schmidt PJ, Leakock AG. Forgotten Transfusion history. BMJ 2002;323:2484-2487
[2]. Turgeon LM In fundamentals of Immunohematology theory and technique. Philadelphia USA. Lea and febigar(UK), 1989; 344-
366
[3]. Contreras M, Hewit PE. Clinical blood transfusion. In Hoffrand BA, Lewis MS, Tuttenham EGD(eds), Post graduate haematology,
4th edition, oxford University press New York 2001, pp 215-299
[4]. Larison PJ and Cooke LM. The adverse effects on blood transfusion. In Harmening DM. Jaypee medical publishers modern blood
banking and transfusion sevices 3rd edition. Jaypee brothers new delhi:1998; pp361-370
[5]. Vamvacas EC, Pineda AA. Allergic and anaphylactic reactions. In Popovisky MA ed. Transfusion reactions 3rd edition. Bethesda
AABB Press

Abstract: Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity & mortality in India. After coronary heart disease&cancer stroke is the third commonest cause of death worldwide. Indian studies have shown a stroke prevalence of 471 /100000 population. The objective was to study the clinical profile, risk factors, neurological characters, pattern of brain stroke, areas of brain affected as per CT scan findings in patients admitted in Coimbatore Medical College and Hospital, Methods: This is a retrospective study of all patients managed for cerebrovascular accident in the medical ward of Coimbatore medical college and hospital, Tamilnadu from January 1, 2016 to June 30, 2016............

Keywords: Cerebrovascular stroke, Ischemic stroke, Hemorrhagic stroke

[1]. S. Hartona. Experiences from a multicenter stroke register: a preliminary report. Bull WHO. 1976;54(5):541-53.
[2]. P. Bath. Acute stroke. In: D. Machin, S. Day S. Green, eds. Textbook of Clinical Trials. 2nd ed. Hoboken: Wiley; 2006: 179-180.
[3]. S. K. Das, T. K. Banerjee, A. Biswas, D. K. Raut, C. S. Mukherjee, A. Chaudhari, et al. A prospective com-munity based study of
stroke in Kolkata, India. Stroke. 2007;38(3):906-10.
[4]. D. Nagaraja, G. Gururaj, N. Girish, Samhita Panda, A.K. Roy, G.R.K. Sarma, et al. Feasibility study of stroke surveillance: data
from Bangalore, India. Indian J Med Res. 2009 Oct;130:396-403.
[5]. R. P. Eapen, J. H. Parikh, N. T. Patel. A study of clinical profile and risk factors of cerebrovascular stroke.Guj Med J.
2009;64(2):47-54.

Abstract: Diphtheria outbreaks, though very rare, still occur worldwide, in the developed and developing countries. Diphtheria has high mortality in non-vaccinated populations. Corynebacterium diphtheria produce very potent toxin when infected with a bacteriophage that migrates the toxin-encoding genetic elements into bacteria. The R domain binds to a cell surface receptor, permitting the toxin to enter the cell by receptor mediated endocytosis.The toxin elaborated locally induces a dense necrotic coagulum composed of fibrin,leukocytosis,dead respiratory epithelial cells, leading to white-gray brown pseudomembrane.,a common cause of death is suffocation after aspiration of membrane..........

Keywords: Diphtheria,Pseudomembrane.Clinicalmanifestations,Immunization.

[1]. Atkinson W.Diphtheria Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine Preventable Diseases (12 ed.)Public Health
Foundation.2012,pp.215-230.
[2]. Diphtheria vaccine(PDF).Wkly Epidemiology Rec.2006;81(3):24-32.
[3]. Mandell Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases (8 ed.).Elsevier HealthSciences.2014.p.2372.
[4]. Malacca Health Department, works to contain diphtheria after seven-year-old dies. Retrieved 2016-03-33.
[5]. GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death,Collaborators(17 December 2014) Global,regional,and national age-sex specific all-cause
and cause specific mortality for 240 causes of death,1990-2013:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study
2013.Lancet.385:117-71.

Abstract: Background: Fournier's gangrene is a rare, rapidly progressive, necrotizing fasciitis of the external genitalia and perineum. Case series have shown a mortality rate of 20% to 40% with an incidence of as high as 88% in some reports. In this study we aimed to share our experience in the management of Fournier's gangrene and to identify risk factors that affect mortality. Methods: Prospective study of 15 patients. Risk factors,microbiological finding, lab investigations, treatment and outcome are analysed.........

Keywords: fournieres gangrene , mortality, complication, scrotum

[1]. Smith G L, Bunker C B, Dineeen M D. Fournier's gangrene. Br J Urol 199881347–355.355 [PubMed]
[2]. Fournier J ‐ A. Gangrene foudroyante de la verge. Semaine Medicale 18833345–348.348
[3]. Nathan B. Fournier's gangrene: a historical vignette. (Letter). Can J Surg 19984172 [PubMed]
[4]. Gray J A. Gangrene of the genitalia as seen in advanced periurethral extravasation with phlegmon. J Urol196084740–745.745 [PubMed]
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Abstract: Tooth morbidity and tooth mortality are one of the most prevalent disease condition worldwide. When a tooth is lost, whether through dental decay, periodontal disease or dental trauma, the alveolar process begins to remodel. Continuous bone remodeling, absence of stimulation, loss of bone height, and density leads to an increase in antral pneumatization , leading to reduction in residual vertical bone height thus making standard implant placement difficult. To adapt, circumvent, and treat this limitation; maxillary sinus floor elevation is often done and has become an important preplacement procedure in dental implant treatment planning. In this article, we present a unique case of maxillary sinus augmentation of right posterior maxilla using a combination of autogenous chin block graft, and allograft with simultaneous placement of endosseous implants.

Keywords: Autograft, allograft, maxillary sinus augmentation

[1]. Boyne, PJ. De novo bone induction by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in maxillary sinus floor
augmentation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005;63:1693-1707
[2]. Tatum H Jr. "Maxillary and sinus implant reconstructions". Dent Clin North Am (1986). 30: 207–229
[3]. Boyne PJ, James RA "Grafting of the maxillary sinus floor with autogenous marrow and bone". J Oral Surg 1980)38: 613–616.
[4]. Aghaloo TL1, Moy PK Which hard tissue augmentation techniques are the most successful in furnishing bony support for implant
placement?. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2007;22 Suppl:49-70.
[5]. Chiapasco M, Casentini P, Zaniboni M. Bone augmentation procedures in implant dentistry. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants.
2009;24(Suppl):237–59.

Abstract: Dental implants are no longer an enigma but now a reality as we have walked out of the arena of single speciality treatments to multi- disciplinary approaches aiming at the rehabilitation of patients with missing teeth. From the past decade the golden standard of implant protocol has been replaced by new and more novel interventions owing to the advances in clinical techniques and expansion of biomaterials which has lead to a new era of modern implant dentistry, which promises better rehabilitation of missing teeth both functionally and aesthetically, shorten treatment periods.......

Keywords: Immediate implant, ossteointegration, fresh extraction socket.

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basis, clinical procedures, and out-comes. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19 Suppl:12–25.
[3]. Schulte W, d´Hoedt B, Axmann D, Gomez G. The First 15 years of the Tuebinger implant and its furtherdevelopment to the
FRIALIT®-2 system. Sonderdruck, Z Zahnärztl Implantologie, VIII;2, 1992.
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single-tooth and immediately postextraction applications. Int J Oral MaxillofacImplants 1997;12:299-309.
[5]. Schulte W, d´Hoedt B. 13 Jahre Tübinger Implantat aus FRIALIT® - Weitere Ergebnisse. , Z ZahnärztlImplantologie, IV, 167-173,
1988..

Abstract: Introduction: The pain caused by surgery is usually of a transient nature, however the perception of pain in an amputated limb often persists. This prolonged pain, which is often refractory to pain-killing medication, nerve block and surgical treatment may severely affect the patient's quality of life. The phenomenon of phantom limb pain has been investigated using neurological, neurophysiological and psychopathological approaches. However exact cause of phantom limb pain is still a mystery. In this study we analysed the role of mirror therapy for treatment of phantom limb pain in below knee amputation..........
Keywords: Mirror image therapy, phantom limb pain, below knee amputation

[1]. Sae Young Kim, Yun Young Kim, Mirror Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain, Korean J Pain. 2012 Oct; 25(4): 272–274.

[2]. Carlen PL, Wall PD, Nadvorna H, Steinbach T. Phantom limbs and related phenomena in recent traumatic amputations. Neurology. 1978;28:211–217

[3]. Hayes C, Armstrong-Brown A, Burstal R. Perioperative intravenous ketamine infusion for the prevention of persistent post-amputation pain: a randomized, controlled trial. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2004;32:330–338

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[5]. Wewers M.E. & Lowe N.K. A critical review of visual analogue scales in the measurement of clinical phenomena. Research in Nursing and Health. 1990 ; 13, 227-236.

Abstract: microbes that cause infection of the pulp and subsequently the root canal. Bacteria that infect the root canal are the most important causative agents and over 460 different species have been detected. Yeasts have also been associated with periapical inflammation, however despite the detection of various viruses in chronic periapical granulomas, the role of viruses in apical periodontitis has not been clearly understood.1 Parra and Slots 2 and Contreras and Slots 3 detected several viral transcripts in periodontal pockets using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This evoked a growing interest amongst various researchers in the association of virus in apical periodontitis. Sabeti et al........
Keywords: ........

[1]. Jakovljevic A, Andric M. Human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus in etiopathogenesis of apical periodontitis: a systematic review. J Endod. 2014;40(1):6-15.
[2]. Parra B, Slots J. Detection of human viruses in periodontal pockets by PCR. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1996; 11: 289-93
[3]. Contreras A, Slots J. Mammalian viruses in human periodontits. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1996; 11: 381-6
[4]. Sabeti M, Simon JH, Slots J.Cytomegalovirus and Epstein- Barr virus are associated with periapical pathosis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2003; 18:327-8
[5]. Sabeti M, Valles Y, Nowzari H, et al. Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus DNA transcriptionin endodontic symptomatic lesions. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2003; 18:104-8

Abstract: Meningiomas are usually arise within the dura, sometimes extend beyond it, but completely outside the dura are very rare. Spinal meningiomas represent around 10% of all meningiomas and, commonly occur as intradural extramedullary lesions. Purely extradural spinal meningiomas are very rare and only few cases are reported in literature. We describe a case of 50yr old female who presented with upper dorsal region pain and sensory-motor spastic paraparesis. Imaging features were suggestive of D1-3 epidural lesion with significant cord compression. Patient underwent complete excision of lesion. On HPE, a diagnosis of meningothelial meningioma was made. Post-operatively patient showed a good clinical outcome without any recurrence during follow-up of 6 months.
Keywords: meningioma, spine, extradural, sensory, motor

[1]. Gezen F, Kahraman S, Canakci Z, Bedük A. Review of 36 cases of spinal cord meningioma. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2000;25:727-
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Abstract: Esophagus is mainly reported to be involved by candidiasis in the gastro-intestinal tract with very rare occurrence in the stomach. Both benign and malignant gastric ulcers have been known to be associated with candidiasis. However the latter association is very rarely reported in literature. We present such a 'rare case' of an elderly chronic alcoholic/smoker who had epigastric tenderness without history of diabetes/hypertension. His GI endoscopy revealed a suspicious malignant gastric ulcer involving the greater curvature of the stomach. The 'gold standard' diagnostic tool of guided biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma with superadded Candida infection. Anti-fungal medication followed by resection of the resectable tumor was the line of management.
Keywords: Alcoholic, gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric candidiasis

[1]. Subramanian KS, Gulia SP, Lavanya M, Arun Kumar SP. Gastric candidiasis with gastric adenocarcinoma intestinal type: A rare
association. CHRISHMED J Health Res [serial online] 2015 [cited 2016 Feb 4];2:279-81.
[2]. Gugic D, Cleary T, Vincek V. Candida glabrata infection in gastric carcinoma patient mimicking cutaneous histoplasmosis.
Dermatol Online J. 2008 Feb 28;14(2):15.
[3]. Jung MK, Jeon SW, Cho CM, Tak WY, Kweon YO, Kim SK, et al. Treatment of gastric candidiasis in patients with gastric ulcer
disease: are antifungal agents necessary? Gut Liver. 2009;3(1):31-4.
[4]. Mansueto P, Pisciotta G, Tomasello G, Cabibi D, Seidita A, D'Alcamo A, et al. Malignant tumor-like gastric lesion due
to Candida albicans in a diabetic patient treated with cyclosporin: a casereport and review of the literature. Clin Exp
Med. 2012;12(3):201-5.
[5]. Sasaki K. Candida-associated gastric ulcer relapsing in a different position with a different appearance. World J
Gastroenterol. 2012;18(32):4450-3.

Abstract: Splenic pregnancy is the least common form of extrauterine pregnancy. Recognition of this rare form of gestation is of critical importance, owing to the risk of exsanguination and death. We report a case of 19 year old female with ruptured splenic pregnancy resulting in hypovolemic shock. Emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed and was successfully managed under general anaesthesia.
Keywords: .....

[1]. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Ectopic pregnancy: United States, 1990–1992. JAMA. 1995; 273: 533
[2]. Bouyer J, Coste J, Fernandez H, Pouly JL, Job-Spira N. Sites of ectopic pregnancy: a 10-year population-based study of 1800 cases.
Hum Reprod. 2002; 17: 3224–3230
[3]. Guo Gang Yang Yudong, Guoan Zhang (2010) Successful Laparoscopic Management of Early Splenic Pregnancy: Case Report and
Review of Literature. The Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 17:794-797.
[4]. Alexandra N Kalof, Bradbury Fuller, Maureen Harmon (2004) Splenic Pregnancy. Arch Pathol Lab Med 128: 146-148.
[5]. Youxin Ji, Ketao Lan, Keke Nie, Shichao Lliu,(2015) 'A Live splenic ectopic pregnancy '. Journal of cell science and therapy.
2015; volume 6 issue 2 1000201.

Abstract: Maternal deaths and disabilities are the leading contributors of women's disease burden with high mortality worldwide. The common risk factors of maternal mortality are postpartum bleeding(15%),complications of unsafe abortion(15%),hypertensive disorders of pregnancy(10%),postpartum infections(8%),obstructive labor(5%),blood clots(3%), and preexisting conditions(28%).UNFPA report that developing nations account for ninety-nine percent of maternal deaths with majority of those deaths occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Prevention of maternal mortality include.......
Keywords: Maternal Mortality, Risk factors, Mortalitymeasurements, Millennium Development Goals.

[1]. WHO Maternal Health.
[2]. http://www.unfpa.org/maternal-health/Definition.html
[3]. Maternal mortality:Fact sheet No 348.World Health Organization.WHO.Retrieved 20 June 2014.
[4]. BhuttaZA,BlackRE.GlobalMaternal,Newborn,and Child Health-So Near and Yet So Far.NEngl J Med.2013;369(23):2226-2235.
[5]. Marge K,MahbubEC,AllisynM,etal.Maternal Morbidity and Diability and Their Consequences:Neglected Agenda in Maternal Health.J Health Popul Nutr.2012;30(2):124-30..

Abstract: Nature has bestowed on us a very rich botanical wealth and a large number of assorted types of plants grown in different parts of country. Plants are the richest resource of drugs in traditional systems of medicine. Green tea is one of the most ancient and popular therapeutic beverages consumed around the world. Green tea in its purest form has always influenced human health from generations and day by day scientific evidences throughout the world are making people aware of health benefits associated with this herbal drink. Though green tea is not officially recognized as a medical agent...........
Keywords: Antioxidant, Green tea, Oral health, Plant products

[1]. Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Zohaib S, Najeeb S, Naseem M. Green tea (Camellia Sinensis): Chemistry and oral health. TODENTJ.
2016;10(Suppl-1):166-73
[2]. Parmar N, Rawat M, Vijay KJ. Camellia Sinensis (Green tea): A review. Global J Pharmacol. 2012;6(2):52-9
[3]. Thiyam B, Ravindra SV, Devi MP, Yeluri G, Gadiyar A. Green tea- A healthy sip. IJSS Case Reports & Review. 2015;1(12):55-60
[4]. Baskar S. Role of green tea in dental problems. IJCRCPS. 2014;1(4):73-7
[5]. Nair V, Bandyopadhyay P, Kundu D. Green tea: A friendly oral beverage?. IDJSR. 2012-13;1(3):6-12

Abstract: Background: Low grade myofibroblastic sarcoma of breast are rare tumors of myofibroblasts that arise from a pre-existing fibroadenoma or vascular pericytes. Case Presentation - A 22 year old married woman presented with a slow growing right breast lump which on mammography mimicked galactocele but on histopathological examination revealed to be a low grade myofibroblastic sarcoma arising from a pre-existing fibroadenoma. Conclusion: The tumor was diagnosed as low grade myofibroblastic sarcoma.
Keywords: Fibroadenoma, Low grade myofibroblastic sarcoma, Smooth muscle Actin

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