iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2016

Abstract: Uterine fibroids are the most common solid benign tumours in women during the reproductive years.They are estimated to be present in 20-50% of women over the age of 30 years,they increase with age,and the prevalence is higher in Afro-Caribbean women.(1).Traditionally the mainstay of treatment for fibroids has been surgical,either myomectomy or hysterectomy but nowadays many women are interested in a less invasive therapy. Magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound is a new technique for treating a variety of solid tumours.MRgFUS is a noninvasive Walk-In And Walk-Out procedure and the patient can resume her normal activities the next day.............

[1]. Solomon SB, Nascimento RG, Khilnani NM. Magnetic Resonance guided Focused Ultrasound Treatment of Uterine Leiomyomas,
p. 1563, in: Image-Guided Intervention, by Mauro A, Murphy K, Thomson K, Venbrux A, Zollikofer CL, 2008.
[2]. Jolesz F, McDannold N, Clement G, Kinoshita M, Fennessy F, Tempany C. MRI-Guided FUS and its Clinical Applications, pp.
275-297, in: Image-Guided Intervention: Technology and Applications, by Peters TM, Cleary K, 2008.
[3]. pp.167-175, in: Recent Advances in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, by Dunlop W, Ledger WL. 2008.
[4]. Chudacoff R. Non-invasive Surgery Using Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery Technology, pp. 366-372, in:
Modern Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding, by O'Donoven PT, Miller CE, 2008.
[5]. Stewart EA, Focused Ultrasound Surgery, Chapter 12 (pp95-103) in: Uterine Fibroids: The Complete Guide, by EA Stewart, MD,
2007

Abstract: Purpose : To measure the contrast sensitivity in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus without retinopathy and to compare it with age matched controls and also to correlate the contrast sensitivity in these patients with the duration of diabetes and glycemic control. Methods: This cross sectional study included 100 diabetic patients and 100 controls. Detailed history, ocular examination, measurement of contrast sensitivity and glycosylated hemoglobin values were measured. Statistical analysis was done using Spearman's coefficient of correlation............

Keywords: Contrast sensitivity, Diabetes Mellitus, Retinopathy.

[1]. Heravian J, Shoeibi N, Azimi A, Yasini S, Moghaddam HO, Yekta AA, EsmailyH. Evaluation of Contrast Sensitivity, Color
Vision and Visual Acuity in Patients with and without Diabetes. Iranian J of Ophthalmol 2010;22(3):33-40.
[2]. PK Khosla, D Talwar. Contrast sensitivity changes in background diabetic retionapthy. Can J Ophthalmol 1991;26(1):7-11.
[3]. S Della Sala, G Bertoni et al. Impaired contrast sensitivity in diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy: a new
technique for rapid assessment. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1985;(69):136-142.
[4]. Verotti A, Lobefalo L, Petitti Mt et al. Relationship between contrast sensitivity and metabolic control in diabetics with and without
diabetic retinopathy. Ann Med 1998;30(4):369-374.
[5]. Dosso AA, J Sommerhalder. Contrast sensitivity in obese dyslipedemic patients with insulin resistance. Arch Ophthalmol
1998(10);1316-20.

Abstract: Objectives : To compare the accuracy of modifiedalvarado score and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis to reduce the morbity and mortalityfromappendicitis and alsoreduce the negativeappendicectomy rates. Methods : The studyincludes patients whopresented to ourhospitalwithfeatures of acute appendicitis and 50 patients whounderwentappendicectomywereincluded in the study . Patients underwentthoroughclinicalexamination and investigations. Data includingmodifiedalvarado score, ultrasonography and histopathologywerecollected and statisticalanalysisperformed............

Keywords: acute appendicitis, comparative study, modified Alvarado score, ultrasonography.

[1]. Hoffmann J. Rasmussen O. Aids in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Br J surg 1989; 76:774-779
[2]. John H, Neff U, Kelemen M. Appendicitis diagnosis today: clinical and ultrasonic deductions. World J surg1993; 17:243-249
[3]. Jones PF. Suspected acute appendicitis: trends in management over 30 years. Br J surg2001; 88:1570-1577
[4]. Lee SL, Walsh AJ, Ho HS, computed tomography and ultrasonography do not improve and may delay the diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis. Arch surg2001; 136:556-561
[5]. Emmanuel S Kanumba, Joseph B Mabula, Peter Rambau and Phillipo L Chalya. Modified alvarado scoring system for diagnosis of
acute appendicitis. BMC Surg. 2011; 11:4

Abstract: Background & objectives: Definitive diagnosis of kala-azar requires demonstration of parasites in tissue or bone marrow. In the present study, the diagnostic utility of rK-39 immunochromatographic test (ICT) strip for the diagnosis of kala-azar and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) at a tertiary care centre of Eastern India was done. Methods: The study was conducted from January 2011 to December 2011 on 100 suspected kala-azar and PKDL cases...............

Keywords: Immunochromatographic test, kala-azar, PKDL, rK-39, visceral leishmaniasis.

[1]. Bhattacharya S.K, Sur Dipika, Karbwang Juntra. Childhood visceral leishmaniasis .Indian J Med Res 123, March 2006, pp 353-356
[2]. Life in the twenty-first century: a vision for all. World Health Report 1998. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1998 p. 45.
[3]. Bora D. Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in India. Natl Med J India 1999; 12: 62-8
[4]. Indu B, Ahluwalia, Bern C. Visceral leishmaniasis: Consequences of a neglected disease in a Bangladeshi community. Am J Trop
Med Hyg 2003; 69(6):624-8.
[5]. Mathur Purva, Samantaray Jyotish, Chauhan N K. Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of kala-azar &
post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis at a tertiary care centre of north India. Indian J Med Res 122, December 2005, pp 485-490

Abstract: Introduction: Clinicians and anatomists have been examining coronary artery variations for a long time. However, there is still no consensus on the normality or abnormality of coronary arteries. The present survey was therefore conducted to find out the variations in branching pattern and dimensions of Left coronary artery (LCA) and Right coronary artery (RCA) Material and methods: The present study was planned and conducted during 2009 to 2015 at Department of natomy, SVS medical college and teaching hospital, Mahabubnagar, telangana state . The hearts of 110 adult south Indian cadavers fixed with 10% formaldehyde were used. ................

Keywords: Left circumflex Artery(LC) , Left coronary artery (LCA) , Posterior Descending Artery (PDA) ,Right coronary artery (RCA) , Variations

[1]. Co-ro-ne. Dorland‟s illustrated medical dictionary. 30th edt, Philadelphia:Saunders, 2000:420.
[2]. Allwork SP. The applied anatomy of the arterial blood supply to the heart in man. Anat Soci Great Britian and Ireland Aug
1987;153:1-16.
[3]. Data AK. Essentials of human anatomy. Thorax and abdomen. 3rd Ed., Calcutta, Current Books International. 1994; 80–86.
[4]. Frescura C, Basso C, Thiene G, Corrado D, Pennelli T, Angelini A, Daliento L. Anomalous origin of coronary arteries and risk of
sudden death: a study based on an autopsy population of congenital heart disease. Hum. Pathol. 1998; 29: 689–695.
[5]. Vikram Palimar "Origin of right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva" International Journal of Anatomical Variations
2008; 1: 12–13

Abstract: Morbidity and mortality due to snake bite is one of the important healthcare concerns in India especially in the rural population. Acute kidney injury which may or may not lead to chronic renal failure is one of the important risks of snake bite. We submit a study done over 3 years in the tertiary care hospital in Tamil Nadu which emphasizes on early hydration and low dose ASV as a measure for better clinical response and prevention of acute kidney injury................

Keywords: Low dose ASV, Acute kidney injury.

[1]. Kasturiratne A, Wickramsinghe AR, DeSilva N, et al. The global burden of snakebite: A literature analysis and modelling based on
regional estimates of envenoming and deaths. PLOS Med. 2008;5:e218
[2]. Sitprija V, Boonpucknavig V. The kidney in tropical snake bite. Clin. Nephrol. 1977; 8: 377–83
[3]. Sitprija V, Boonpucknavig V. Extracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis in Russell's viper bite. Br. Med. J. 1980; 280: 1417
[4]. Shastry JCM, Date A, Carman RH, Johny KV. Renal failure following snake bite. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1977; 26: 1032–8
[5]. Gundappa RK, Sud K, Kohli HS et al. Snakebite induced acute interstitial nephritis: Report of a rare entity. Ren. Fail. 2002; 24:
369–72

Abstract: Background: In developing countries acute pesticide poisoning remains an important issue and according to WHO (1999) more than three million poisoning cases with 251,881 deaths occur worldwide annually, of which, 99% of fatal poisonings occur in developing countries, particularly among agricultural workers. Objectives: The objectives were to study the socio-demographic profile of the pesticide poisoning cases, explore the circumstances and routes of poisoning and determine the time gap between the intake of poison and hospital admission..............

Keywords: Pesticide poisoning, poisoning circumstances, routes of poisoning, suicidal.

[1]. Erdman AR. Insecticides: Medical toxicology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2004:1475–96.
[2]. Jeyaratnam. Acute pesticide poisoning: a major global health problem. World Health Statistics quarterly. 1990; 43(3):139-44.
[3]. Jeyaratnam, J. et al. Survey of acute pesticide poisoning among agricultural workers in four Asian countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1987; 65 (4): 521-27.
[4]. Jeyaratnam, J. Health problems of pesticide usage in the Third World. British journal of industrial medicine, 1985; 42: 505-06.
[5]. World Health Organisation. Guidelines for poison control. Bulletin 1999; Geneva, World Health Org.

Abstract: This study aims at the evaluation of carotid artery intimal medial thickness and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. The age group ranged between 15 to 35 years. Main complaints were oligo-amenorhoea, obesity, hirsutism and infertility. Hyperinsulinemia with fasting insulin values >30μu/ml was detected in 62.5% of PCOS women in study group. The study group had significantly elevated mean fasting insulin level compared to the control................

Keywords: Carotid artery intimal medial thickness, Hyperinsulinemia, Insulin Resistance, Polycystic ovarian syndrome

[1]. Goodarzi MO, Dumesic DA, Chazenbalk G, Azziz R. Polycystic ovary syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis. Nat Rev
Endocrinol.2011; 7:219–231.
[2]. Robert J Norman, MD, Didier Dewailly, MD, Polycystic ovarian syndrome, The Lancet, 370,(9588), 25–31 August 2007, 685–697.
[3]. Rogerio A. Lobo, Enrico Carmina, The importance of diagnosing the polycystic ovary syndrome, Ann Intern Med. 132:2000, 983-
993
[4]. Grobbee DE, Bots ML, Carotid artery intima media thickness as an indicator of generalized atherosclerosis, J. Intern Med, 236:
567-573, 1994.
[5]. BalenAH,Laven JS, Tan Sl, Dewailly D, Ultrasound definition of Polycystic ovaries International consensus and definitions, human
reprod. Update, 9(6), nov-dec 2003, p 505-514.

Abstract: Introduction: Variations in the branching pattern of the external carotid artery are well documented as it is the main source of nutrition to the structures of head and neck. The variations in the branching pattern of ECA are important for surgeons during plastic and reconstructive surgeries of head, neck and face to avoid iatrogenic injuries and it is also important for radiologists for interpretation of angiograms of the face and neck regions. Material & Methods The present study was done on 60 dead foetuses and 15 adult cadavers to find out any anomalous patterns of branching of external carotid artery as a part of post graduation research work. The common carotid artery and its terminal vessels, external and internal carotid arteries were dissected on both sides. All the branches of external carotid artery were traced...............

Keywords: Common Carotid Artery, External Carotid Artery, Internal Carotid Artery, Ascending Pharyngeal Artery, Pharyngo - Occipital trunk, Occipito – Auricular trunk

[1]. Takenoshita H (1983). Case of hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery associated with persistent primitive hypoglossal artery. Kaibogaku Zasshi 58 533-550.
[2]. Dutta AK (1994). Essentials of human anatomy In: Head and Neck. 2nd ed.Calcutta: Current Books International 127-132.

[3]. Nakamasa Hayashi Emiko Hori,yuko ohtani,osamu ohtani,naoya kuwayama et al.,.(2005).Surgical Anatomy of cervical carotid artery for carotid endarterectomy. Neurologica Medico Chirurgica 45(1) 25-30.
[4]. Standring S (2005). Gray's Anatomy. The Anatomical basis of clinical practice. Edinburg. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone 39(31) 543-544.
[5]. Zumre O, Salbacak A, Cicekcibasi AE, Tuncer I and Seker M (2005). Investigation of the bifurcation level of the common carotid artery and variations of the branches of the external carotid artery in human fetuses. Annals of Anatomy 187(4) 361-369.

Abstract: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) also known as obstetric cholestasis, is a cholestatic disorder characterized by pruritus, elevated serum aminotransferases and bile acid levels with gradual onset in the second or third trimester of pregnancy may lead to adverse fetal outcome, and spontaneous relief of signs and symptoms within two to three weeks after delivery...............

Keywords: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, pruritis.

[1]. Svanborg A. A study of recurrent jaundice in pregnancy. ActaObstetGynecol Scand. 1954;33:434–444.[PubMed]
[2]. Thorling L. Jaundice in pregnancy; a clinical study. Acta Med Scand Suppl. 1955;302:1–123. [PubMed]
[3]. Glantz A, Marschall H-U, Mattsson L-A. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: Relationships between bile acid levels and fetal
complication rates. Hepatology 2004; 40 (2) 467-474
[4]. Lee RH, Incerpi MH, Miller DA, Pathak B, Goodwin TM. Sudden fetal death in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
ObstetGynecol 2009; 113 (2 Pt 2): 528-531
[5]. Rodrigues CMP, Marín JJG, Brites D. Bile acid patterns in meconium are influenced by cholestasis of pregnancy and not altered by
ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. Gut 1999; 45 (3) 446-452

Abstract: Background: This study was taken up to analyse the benefits of unilateral uniplanr external fixator versus locking compression plate as external fixator in definitive management of open fractures of tibial diaphysis in adults. Materials and Methods: Prospective randomized double blinded study to divide patients with computer generated randomized table. Results: limb extremity functional scale used to assess and compare recovery...............

Keywords: Locking Compression Plate, Compound Fractures, External Fixation, supracutaneous plating, tibial diaphyseal fractures

[1]. Onuminya JE. The role of the traditional bonesetter in primary fracture care in Nigeria. S Afr Med J. 2004;94:652–8.
[2]. Ifesanya AO, Omololu AB, Ogunlade SO, Alonge TO. The burden of open fractures of the tibia in a developing economy. Nig J
Plast Surg. 2010;6:32–9.
[3]. D. Ring, J. B. Jupiter, B. S. Gan, R. Israeli and M. J. Yaremchuk, ―Infected Nonunion of the Tibia,‖ Clinical Orthopaedics and
Related Research, Vol. 369, 1999, pp. 302-311. doi:10.1097/00003086-199912000-00032
[4]. D. B. Thordarson, M. J. Patzakis, P. Holtom and R. Sher- man, ―Salvage of the Septic Ankle with Concomitant Tibial
Osteomyelitis,‖ Foot & Ankle International, Vol. 18, No. 3, 1997, pp. 151-156. doi:10.1177/107110079701800307
[5]. C. L. Toh and J. B. Jupiter, ―The Infected Nonunion of the Tibia,‖ Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, Vol. 315, 1995, pp. 176-191.

Abstract: To assess the attitude of parents and child asa barrier to dietary compliance in celiac disease. Methods: 100 parents and 100 children were assessed for dietary compliance with the questionnaire based interview. The assessment of psychosocial parameters was done by standard Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC). Comparative analysis and assessment of dietary compliant and noncompliant groups were done for factors affecting the dietary compliance. Predictability of all factors was assessed by means of binary logistic
regression analysis with backward elimination. Results: Factors that were significantly related with...............

Keywords: Celiac disease (CD);barriers to dietary compliance; Gluten free diet (GFD).

[1]. S. Husby, S. Koletzko, I. R. Korponay-Szabó et al., "European society for pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition
guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease,"Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 136–160,
2012.
[2]. Celiac UK, Professional eXG, newsletters/january-2011-professional-exg, January 2011.
[3]. E. J. Hoffenberg, T. MacKenzie, K. J. Barriga et al., "A prospective study of the incidence of childhood celiac disease," Journal of
Pediatrics, vol. 143, no. 3, pp. 308–314, 2003.
[4]. G. K. Makharia, A. K. Verma, R. Amarchand et al., "Prevalence of celiac disease in the northern part of India: a community based
study,"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 894–900, 2011.
[5]. S. Bhatnagar, S. D. Gupta, M. Mathur et al., "Celiac disease with mild to moderate histologic changes is a common cause of
chronic diarrhea in Indian children,"Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, vol. 41, pp. 204–209, 2005.

Abstract: Background: Osteodystrophy is one of the signs of liver cirrhosis. In general, maintenance of bone over time requires balance between the formation of new bone tissue and breakdown and removal of old bone tissue. This balance is maintained by a variety of hormones. One of them is sclerostin.Sclerostin is an osteocyte-derived negative regulator of bone formation. It inhibits osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation and promotes osteoblast apoptosis...............

Keywords: sclerostin,cirrhosis,osteodystrophy, liver transplantation.

[1]. Sanchez AJ and Aranda-Michel J (2013). Liver disease and osteoporosis. Nutr Clin Pract.;21(3):273–8.
[2]. Goel V and Kar P(2010). Hepatic osteodystrophy. Trop Gasroenterol, 31: 82-6.
[3]. Toussaint ND, Elder GJ, and Kerr PG (2010). A rational guide to reducing fracture risk in dialysis patient. semin Dial. 23:43-54.
[4]. Burgers TA and Williams BO (2013). "Regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling within and from osteocytes.Bone. 54(2):244-9.
[5]. Van der Horst G, Van BezooiJen RL, Svensson JP and others (2007). J bone miner res. Jan, 22(1):19-28.
[6]. Collier J., (2007). Bone disorders in chronic liver disease. Hepatology 46:1271–7.

Abstract: Lipid abnormalities have been recorded in both highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)‑naïve HIV patients and those on HAART, and the presence of this dyslipidemia may lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) calculated as log of Tgl/HDL is currently being used as a screening tool for dyslipidaemia and is a strong predictor of CVD events. To determine the lipid profile pattern and atherogenic index of plasma among HAART‑naïve HIV patients and relationship with CD4 count levels. This was a prospective study of.............

Keywords: Atherogenic index of plasma, Highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV, Lipid profile.

[1]. UNAIADS, UNAIDS report on global HIV/AIDS epidemic: HIV infection rates decreasing in several countries but global number
of people living with HIV continues to rise, Geneva 2005.
[2]. A.S.Suu Kyi, and M.Sidibe, UNAIDS World AIDS Day Report, 2012.
[3]. UNAIDS, HIV and AIDS in Nigeria, UNAIDS Gap Report, 2016.
[4]. UNAIDS, Overview of the global AIDS Epidemic, 2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic, UNAIDS, 2006.
[5]. C.M.Wyatt, R.R.Arons, and P.E.Klotman,Acute renal failure in hospitalized patients with HIV: risk factors and impact on inhospital mortality, AIDS,20(4), 2006,561-565.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to measure some cytomorphometric parameters in different female uterine cervical conditions to study the progression of pathology from normal to neoplastic conditions. Using a computerised cytomorphometric cellmeasurement pro- gram, the study was based on a cross sectional study of smear cases diagnosed with different uterine cervical conditions from 2012 to 2014.From different kinds of microscopic image ( bright field microscopy), 100 pictures of normal cells and 100 pictures of pathological cells are selected...............

Keywords: ......

[1]. Jacques Ferlay,Hai-Rim Shin,Freddie Bray,David Forman,Colin Mathers,Donald Maxwell Parkin,"Estimates of worldwide Burden of cancer in 2008:GLOBOCAN 2008",International Journal of cancer,Volume-127,Issue-12,pages-2893-2917,15 December-2010

[2]. Simona Marcu, Emöke Fülöp, Mariana Tilincă,Antonella Cheşcă,"Computerised Cytomorphometry In Cervical Neoplasia", Annals of RSCB, Vol. XV, Issue 2

[3]. Maud Bessems,Benedict M. Doorschodt,Jan van Marle,Heleen Vreeling,Alfred J. Meijer,Thomas M. van Gulik,"Improved machine perfusion preservation of the non-heart-beating donor rat liver using polysol: A new machine perfusion preservation solution", First published: 19 October 2005,DOI: 10.1002/lt.20502, Volume 11, Issue 11,November 2005,Pages 1379–1388

[4]. Carson, Freida L; Hladik, Christa (2009). Histotechnology: A Self-Instructional Text (3 ed.). Hong Kong: American Society for Clinical Pathology Press. pp. 361–3363. ISBN 978-0-89189-581-7.

[5]. https://www.ndsu.edu/ndsucorelabs/aim-techniquestechnologies-transmitted-light-microscopy

Abstract: Introduction: Dermatoglyphics is scientific study of epidermal ridges and their configuration on the volar aspect offinger, palm, toes and sole. Several variation may found in the patient with thalassemia major. Aims: This study aimed to diagnose the thalassemia patient by using dermatoglyphic pattern. Material and method : The above study was carried out in deptt. Of anatomy,svngmc yavatmal and comprised of dermatoglyphic pattern of 100 patients along with 100 normal individual to serve as control against thalassemic patients. Dermatoglyphics prints was taken by ink method and studied by quantitative analysis...............

Keywords: Thalassemia major, Dermatoglyphics,Ridge,Control,ink method.

[1]. Weatherall D. J.; Clegg J. B.; Blanksen J. A.; Mustafa D.; BoiDoky F. S. and Chaudhary D. S. (1971),
[2]. Preliminary survey's for the prevalence of thalassemia genes in some African populations. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit, 65; 253 - 265.
Ghai O. P. (2013),
[3]. Cooley's anemia; Issue Jan 2008
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Abstract: Background: Quinolone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae usually results from mutations in genes carried by chromosomally encoded type II topoisomerases, efflux pumps, or porin-related proteins. Since 1998, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistances (PMQR) have been described. Recently, a new mechanism of transferable quinolone resistance was reported: enzymatic inactivation of certain quinolones. AAC(6′)-Ib-cr is a variant of AAC(6′)-Ib which encodes an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase that confers reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin or norfloxacin.. PMQR determinants are often combined with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) leading to organisms possessing multi drug resistance...............

Keywords:AAC(6′)-Ib-cr, ESBL, Enterobacteriacae

[1]. Robicsek, A., Jacoby G,Hooper D. The worldwide emergence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance. Lancet Infect Dis, 6(10), 2006, 629-40.
[2]. Guillard T, Duval V, Moret H, Brasme L, Vernet-Garnier V, de Champs Ch. Rapid Detection of aac(6_)-Ib-cr Quinolone Resistance Gene by Pyrosequencing. J Clin Microbiol, 48(1), 2010, 286-289.
[3]. Park CH, Robicsek A, Jacoby GA, Sahm D, Hooper DC. Prevalence in the United States of aac(6')-Ib-cr encoding a ciprofloxacin-modifying enzyme. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 50(11), 2006, 3953-3955.
[4]. Kim ES, Jeong JY, Jun JB, Choi SH, Lee SO, Kim MN, et al. Prevalence of aac(6_)-Ib-cr Encoding a Ciprofloxacin-Modifying Enzyme among Enterobacteriaceae Blood Isolates in Korea. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 53(6), 2009, 2643–2645.
[5]. Hawkey P. Mechanisms of quinolone action and microbial response. J. Antimicrob. Chemother, 51(1), 2003, 29-35.

Abstract: Background:Development of right ventricular hypertrophy and eventual right side heart failure is common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, some disturbance in left ventricular (LV) function has been observed among such patients. The co-existence between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure has been previously described. However, the co-existence between COPD and subclinical LV dysfunction, without the presence of heart failure symptoms, is less well understood...............

Keywords:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: COPD. Myocardial performance index: MPI

[1]. World Health Report, World Health Organization, Geneva. Available from URL: http://www.who.int/whr/2000/en/ statistica.htm.
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Abstract: Introduction:Structural and functional abnormality can be major or minor abnormality constituting congenital malformation.
Method:Prospective study after approval from the hospital ethical committee was conducted from 1 July 2014 to 30th June 2015 Result:A total of 130 new born were delivered with single or multiple congenital anomalies from 130 mothers. In the study the incidence of congenital malformation was 0.81%. Of which male babies with malformation was high. Musculoskeletal anomaly was the most common in which CTEV was the most common anomaly................

Keywords: Congenital malformations, CTEV, Gauhati medical college.

[1]. WHO Sixty-Third World Health Assembly Provisional Agenda Item 11.7 report by Secretariat on Birth Defects: 1April
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Hospital. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences.Feb2014:13:20-21.
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Abstract: The Nephrotic syndrome is one of the commonest renal diseases in children .The word 'Nephrosis"or what is often called primary nephritic syndrome had its origin in the early part of 20th century and was described as a clinical condition of edema and proteinuria where the Kidney demonstrated (light microscopy) degeneration f tubule associated with renal glomeruli..............

Keywords: ......

[1]. Pediatr1979 :95:23999-243:international study of Kidney disease in children: Nephrotic syndrome in children:a randomised trial
comparing two prednisone regimes in steroid responsive patient who relapse early.
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Abstract: The menopause is physiological changes in women that give rise to adaptive changes at both systemic and oral level. As we all begin to reach an older age, dental health and hygiene becomes a major concern. The dentist is often the first person to appreciate numerous changes that are experienced throughout the body during menopause. Oral discomfort is found in many menopausal women in addition to general climacteric complaints. The principal pre- and post-menopausal oral symptoms are dry mouth, sensation of painful mouth (PM) due to various causes and less frequently burning mouth syndrome...............

Keywords:.........

[1]. Frutos R, Rodriguez S, Miralles-Jorda L, Machuca G. Oral manifestations and dental treatment in menopause. Med Oral. 2002 Jan-Feb; 7(1):26-30, 31-5. 2.
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[3]. Sewon L, Laine M, Karjalainen S, Leimola-Virtanen R, Hiidenkari T, Helenius H. The effect of hormone replacement therapy on salivary calcium concentrations in menopausal women. Arch Oral Biol. 2000 Mar; 45(3):201- 6.
[4]. Rose FL, Kaye D. Internal medicine for dentistry.in: chapter 14 endocrinology. Ed. Bartuska DG. 2nd Ed. St lois. Mosby Company 1990; p 1075.

[5]. Matthews KA. Myths and realities of the menopause. Psychosom Med. 1992;54:1–9.

Abstract: Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumours (pPNETs) are uncommon tumours constituting 1% of all soft tissue sarcomas. Duodeno jejunal junction is an uncommon location of pPNET. The clinical, radiological, histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of this case are described here. Multimodality treatments of such tumours include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We present here an extremely rare case of peripheral primitive neuro-ectodermal tumour of the duodeno – jejunal junction in a 38- year-old male................

Keywords:Peripheral primitive neuro-ectodermal tumour, duodeno jejunal

[1]. Maccioni F, Della Rocca C, Salvi PF, Manicone AM, Ascarelli A, Longo F, et al. Malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumor
(MPNET) of the kidney. Abdom Imaging. 2000;25:103–6. [PubMed: 10652933]
[2]. Jurgens H, Bier V, Harms D, Beck J, Brandeis W, Etspuler W, et al. Malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumors: A retrospective
analysis of 42 patients. Cancer.1988;61:349–57. [PubMed: 3334970]
[3]. Therasse P, Arbuck SG, Eisenhauer EA, 7. et al: New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors. European
Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, National Cancer Institute of the United States, National Cancer Institute of
Canada. J Natl Cancer Inst 92: 205-216, 2000
[4]. 4.Ushigome S, Machinami R and Sorensen PH: Ewing sarcoma/Primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET). In: World Health
Organization Classification of Tumours. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Fletcher CDM, Unni KK and
Mertens F (eds). IARC Press, Lyon, pp298-300, 2002.
[5]. Skubitz KM and D'Adamo DR: Sarcoma. Mayo Clin Proc 82: 9. 1409-1432, 2007.

Abstract: Maxillofacial prosthetics include all the artificial prosthesis that restores missing parts of the face due to trauma, congenital defects or surgically removed as a resolution of tumors.The loss of the facial structures can have a physical, social and psychological blow to those affected.This passing is more pronounced when the affected part is the eye and all orbital contents resulting in gross mutilation.Here we report a case of 55-year-old male patient with retinoblastoma of the right eye, undergone surgical enucleation and was rehabilitated by the spectacle retained silicon orbital prosthesis in order to achieve the perfect fit and aesthetics.

Keywords: Retinoblastoma, orbital rehabilitation prosthesis, spectacle, room temperature vulcanized silicone

[1]. Joneja OP, Madan SK, Mehra MD, Dogra RN. Orbital prostheses. J Prosthet Dent 1976;36(3):306-11.
[2]. Shifman A, Levin AC, Levy M, Lepley JB. Prosthetic restoration of orbital defects. J Prosthet Dent 1979;42(5):543-6.
[3]. Mekayarajjananonth T, Salinas TJ, Chambers MS, Lemon JC. A mold-making procedure for multiple orbital prostheses fabrication.
J Prosthet Dent 2003;90(1):97-100.
[4]. Glantz P O: On retention of maxillofacial prosthesis. Odontol Revy 1972; 22: 317-325.
[5]. Ronse J A, Chalian V A.: Fabrication of hollow extraoral prosthesis to enhance retention. J. Prosthet Dent 1985; 53: 557-564.

Abstract: To assess the presence of biological debris and level of contamination on rotary and hand endodontic files subjected to different cleaning protocols prior to sterilization using a stereomicroscope. Ninety endodontic instruments (hand and rotary file systems), after clinical use in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, KMSDCH, Piparia, Vadodara were used for the study. The instruments were brushed manually with a nylon brush for 10 strokes and randomly divided into five groups (3% hydrogen peroxide, 2% glutaraldehyde solution, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 3% sodium hypochlorite, ultrasonic bath with an enzymatic solution).................

Keywords: Biological debris, endodontic files, stereomicroscope

[1]. Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008
[2]. Popovic J, Gasic J, Zivkovic S, Petrovic A, Radicevic G. Evaluation of biological debris on endodontic instruments after cleaning
and sterilization procedures. Int Endod Journal 2010; 43: 336-341.
[3]. Segall RO, del Rio CE, Brady JM, Ayer WA. Evaluation of debridement techniques for endodontic instruments. Oral Surg Oral
Med Oral Pathol 1977; 44: 786-791.
[4]. Murgel CAF, Walton RE, Rittman B, Pecora JD. A comparison of techniques for cleaning endodontic files after usage: a
quantitative scanning electron microscopic study. J Endod 1990; 16: 214-217.
[5]. Smith AJ, Dickson M, Aitken J, Bagg J. Contaminated dental instruments. J Hosp Infect 2002; 51: 233-235.

Abstract: The effect of hypothyroidism on lipid metabolism is notable.Both synthesis and degradation of lipid are depressed, the latter especially so,the net effect being one of lipid accumulation.The decrease in lipid degradation may reflect a decrease in postheparin lipolytic activity as well as decrease delivery of lipid to degrading site.Although an increase in serum cholesterol is the most common abnormality of hypothyroidism,serum phospholipid and serum triglycerides are also increased and reverse happens with high density lipoprotein.Plasma free fatty acid is decreased and metabolism of free fatty acid is also impaired.These changes occur only in primary hypothyroidism,not in pituitary hypothyroidism

[1]. David A.Warre Timothy M.Cox John.D.Seventh Oxford Text Book of Medicine.
[2]. Williams text book of endocrinology 465-66,1136-W39

[3]. Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry 28th edition.
[4]. Review of Medical physiology;Ganong 21st edition 2003;328-329
[5]. Text book of Endocrinology –Degroot.753-765.

Abstract: Hepatic Encephalopathy is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients. The advent of Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy has lead to earlier diagnosis of Hepatic encephalopathy,often at a sub clinical stage. Sub clinical hepatic encephalopathy is a distinct clinical entity now, with subtle personality changes and impairment of performance. Now with the help of few simple tests we can diagnosis sub clinical hepatic encephalopathy and treat it early enough to prevent significant morbidity and mortality. The treatment of these patients diagnosed to have sub clinical hepatic encephalopathy has brought reduction in the progression of these patients to frank encephalopathy

[1]. SHEILA SHERLOCK: Hepatology 13th Edition
[2]. Oxford Text Book Of Medicine:6th Edition
[3]. Harrison's Principles Of Internal Medicine :18th Edition
[4]. Amodio P; Queroje ; Del Piceolof ; Gatta.A: Meta Brain Diseases 2006 December;11(4) : 315-327, Sub Clinical Hepatic
Encephalopathy Screening.
[5]. Subclinical Hepatic Encephalopathy Impairs Daily Functioning ,Michael Groenwegel ,Juan,C Quero Hepatology,July 1998,P 45-49
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