iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2017

Abstract: Background: The gallbladder is a surgically important organ of the body which may be affected by inflammation, infection, benign and malignant conditions. Gallstones are the commonest biliary pathology and are major cause of morbidity and mortality. Aims & Objectives: To study the spectrum of histopathological lesions in gallbladder. Material & Method: In this study 106 specimens of gallbladder received in the department of Pathology over a period of two years from September 2013 to September 2015. Clinical details and histological findings were studied and analysed to determine the incidence and prevalence of gallbladder disease............

Key words:- cholecystitis, cholecystectomy, gallbladder, gallstone.

[1]. Guyton and Hall textbook of Medical Physiology:588-595.
[2]. Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, South Asia Ed.Vol II-875.
[3]. Turkcu G et al. Institutional experience in the histopathological characteristics and frequency of gallbladder lesions. Int. J Clin Exp. Pathol 2016;9:176-80.
[4]. Memon W et al. Histopathological spectrum of gallbladder specimens after cholecystectomy. Pak J Med.Sci. 2011;27:553-6.
[5]. Siddiqui FG et al. Routine histopathology of gallbladder after elective cholecystectomy of gallstones; waste of resources or justified act? BMC Surgery 2013;13:1-4.

Abstract: Background: Patients with epilepsy have relatively higher risk for psychopathology and cognitive impairment. The research data indicate that the cognitive impairment and deterioration are due to associated brain damage and not attributable to epilepsy. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the cognitive functions in patients with adequate seizure control, without obvious brain damage and to compare with healthy first degree relatives. Method:This is a cross sectional case control study conducted in Father Muller Medical College Mangalore. A total of80 subjects, 40 patients attending the outpatient and inpatient facilities of the department............

Keywords: Cognitive function, Epilepsy.

[1]. Lishman W.A. Epilepsy. In: Organic Psychiatry- The Psychological consequences of cerebral disorder. 3rd edition. Blackwell
Science 2004; 237-314.
[2]. Graham P and Rutter M. Organic brain dysfunction and child psychiatric disorder. British Medical Journal 1968; 3: 695-700.
[3]. Gagliano A, Ferlazzo E, Germanò E, Calarese T, Magazù A, Sferro C, Tortorella G. Neuropsychological deficits in monozygotic
twins with childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms.JClinExpNeuropsychol. 2007;29(5):488-95.
[4]. Elger CE, Helmstaedter C, Kurthen M. Chronic epilepsy and cognition. Lancet Neurol 2004;3(11):663-72.
[5]. Mirsky AF, Duncan CC and Levav M. Neuropsychological studies in idiopathic generalized epilepsies. In: Neuropsychology of
childhood epilepsies, EdsJambaque I, Lassonde M and O Dulac, New York: Kluwer Academic 2001;141-150.

Abstract: The temporomandibular joint is an important joint in the human body. It is a joint, just like any other joint in the body, yet it is different in that there are two joints connected by a single bone-the mandible. Normal development of the temporomandibular joint is important which not only helps in the development of normal facial contours of the lower third of the face, but also plays an important role in enabling the person to perform primary functions of life such as feeding, sucking, and speech. Synchronous movement of both the joints is important for carrying out the functions smoothly.............

[1]. Clifton T. Forsberg: Diagnosis and treatment planning of skeletal asymmetry with the submental-vertical radiograph. Am. J. Orthod. March 1984; Vol.85; No.3; Page 224-237.
[2]. Eugene H.Williamson, Michael D.Simmons: Mandibular asymmetry and it's relation to pain dysfunction.
[3]. Marmary Y, Silberman Y, and Mirsky Y.: Use of foramina spinosa to determine skull midlines.Angle Orthod. 1979; 49; 263-268.
[4]. Moss MI, Salentijn I.: Differences between the functional matrices in anterior open bite and in deep overbite. Am. J. Orthod. 1971; 60; 264-280.
[5]. Shah S.M, Joshi M.R: An assessment of asymmetry in the normal craniofacial complex.

Abstract: Background and objectives: The Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) and its modification the Portsmouth POSSUM, have been proposed as a method for standardising patient data so that direct comparisons can be made in spite of differing patterns of referral and population. Application of the POSSUM scoring system in this country where the level of healthcare and resources differ, is limited. In this prospective study, the validity of P-POSSUM was tested in patients undergoing major surgery to predict their mortality rate and to compare its accuracy as well as to identify a cut off range in the score to predict a higher percentage of mortality in the cases.............

Keywords: Mortality scoring, POSSUM, Portsmouth POSSUM, surgical scoring, audit

[1]. Sagar PM, Hartley MN, Mancey-Jones B, Sedman PC, May J, MacFie J. Comparative audit of colorectal resection with the POSSUM scoring system. Br J Surg 1994; 81: 1492-1494.
[2]. Copeland GP, Jones DR, Wilcox A, Harris PL. Comparative vascular audit using the POSSUM scoring system. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1993; 75: 175 177.
[3]. Murray GD, Hayes C, Fowler S, Dunn DC. Presentation of comparative audit data. Br J Surg 1995; 82: 329-332.
[4]. Jones HJ de Cossart L. Risk scoring in surgical patients. Br J Surg 1999; 86:149-157.
[5]. Copeland GP, Jones D, Walters M. POSSUM: a scoring system for surgical audit. Br J Surg 1991; 78: 355-360.

Abstract: Diseased prostate is a great concern in the geriatric age group. The two conditions most frequently observed in prostate are Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and Carcinoma prostate. The incidence of both conditions increase with advancing age and are an important growing health problem with often unpredictable clinical course. Specific molecular mechanisms are involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer as well as in BPH. A total of 70 cases were studied histologically. Out of 70 cases, 58 cases were diagnosed as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH).............

Keywords: Prostate, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Carcinoma Prostate, p53, IHC

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http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/prostate (August 2, 2015)
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[3]. McVary KT. BPH: epidemiology and comorbidities. Am J Manag Care. 2006;12 (Suppl 5):122–28.
[4]. Epstein JI, Amin M, Boccon-Gibod L, Egevad L, Humphrey PA, Mikuz G, et al. Prognostic factors and reporting of prostate
carcinoma in radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy specimens. Scand J Nephrol 2005;216:34-63.
[5]. Malati T, Kumari GR, Murthy PVL, Reddy CR, Prakash BS. Prostate specific antigen in patients of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
and Carcinoma Prostate. Indian J Biochem 2006;21:34-40.

Abstract: Objective: To prospectively assess the role of MR urethrography compared to conventional opposing urethrography in the surgical management of obliterativeposterior urethral stricture. Materials And Methods: 18 male patients along with 2 controls in the age group of 20-65, who presented to the radiology department with symptoms of urinary retention and in whom conventional opposing urethrography (OUG) had been performed were taken up for study.MR urethrography (MRU)was performed in these patients after a time interval of about 4 to 10 days, were analysed and it was focussed on location, number, length and the signal intensity of the stricture. Urethral stricture is measured along the long axis of the fibrotic segment shown as low signal intensity on the sagittal T2-weighted images..............

Keywords: MRU MR Urethrography OUG Opposing Urethrography HASTEHalf Fourier Acquisition of Single Shot Turbo Spin Echosequences RARERapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement Posterior urethral stricture Sagittal T2 weighted image. Periurethral fibrosis Prostatic apex displacement,fistulas, sinus tracts etc. Roof of the penile bulb

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[3]. rays. Trans Am AssocGenitourinSurg 1910;5:369-371.
[4]. Dixon CM, McAninch JW. MR imaging of posterior urethral defects and pelvic crush injuries.Urol 1992;148:1162-5.
[5]. Narumi Y, Hricak H,.MR imaging of traumatic posterior urethral injury. injury.radiology.rsna.org/content/188/2/439.

Abstract: Background:Rocuronium bromide is said to be devoid of the adverse effects that are seen with suxamethonium. Its mechanism of action is competitive non-depolarizing neuromuscular block with high degree of selectivity for post-nicotinic cholinergic receptors of skeletal muscle. The most important advantages of rocuronium are the rapid onset and good to excellent intubating conditions within 60-90 seconds after administration of 0.6 mg/kg dose. The speeds of onset of neuromuscular blocking drug are increased by prior administration of magnesium sulphate. MgSO4 administered before intubation provides better intubating conditions and intraoperative haemodynamic stability..............

Keywords: Rocuroniumbromide,Magnesiumsulphate, Neuromuscular block

[1]. Ghonheim MM, Long JP. The interaction between magnesium and other neuromuscular blocking agents.Anesthesiology1970; 32:
23–27.
[2]. Jame s MFM, S chenk P A, V an D e r Ve e n BW. Priming of pancuronium with magnesium.British Journal of Anaesthesia1991;
66: 247–249.
[3]. Lampl E, Dandoy M. Priming of atracurium with magnesium. British Journal of Anaesthesia1993; 70: A139.

Abstract: Overweight and obesity are affecting both developed and developing countries. WHO has declared obesity as a disease of pandemic significance Objectives To assess the relationship of obesity indices with blood pressure and blood glucose level among young adult medical students. Materials and methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted in Department of B S Medical College, Bankura,West Bengal with a sample size of 90 young adult medical students aged 17 – 23 years. Obesity indices measured were BMI, WC, WHpR and WHtR using standard protocol. Blood pressure and fasting blood glucose levels were measured using standard techniques.Data analysis was done using suitable statistical methods..............

Keywords: Blood Pressure, BMI, Fasting blood sugar, WC, WHpR, WHtR.

[1]. Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. Body mass index and risk of diabetes mellitus in the Asia-Pacific region. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2006; 15: 127-33.

[2]. World Health Organization. Reducing risks, promoting healthy life – The World Health Report. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002.

[3]. PR, Gupta SS, Dongre AR, Bharambe MS, Maliye C, Kaur S, et al. Relationship of anthropometric indicators with blood pressure levels in rural Wardha. Indian J Med Res 2006; 123: 657-64.

[4]. Zafar S, Haque IU, Butt AR, Mirza HG, Shafiq F, Rehman AU, et al. Relationship of body mass index and waist to hip ratio measurement with hypertension in young adult medical students. Pak J Med Sci 2007; 23: 574-9.

[5]. Bertsias G, Manmas I, Linardakis M, Kafator A. Overweight and obesity in relation to cardiovascular disease risk factors among medical students of Crete, Greece. BMC public health 2003; 3: 3-9.

Abstract: Simultaneous occurrence of clear cell variant of renal cell carcinoma and high grade papillary urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder is a rare entity. The review of different literatures revealed incidence of carcinoma of urinary bladder and the prostate in patients with renal cell carcinoma, especially the papillary subtypes.Here we report a case of 61 years male patient presented with hematuria of one month duration. Further investigations revealed SOL in upper pole of left kidney measuring 4x4x3.5 cm and a separate friable growth in theurinary bladder..............

Keywords:Clear cell variant of renal cell carcinoma, high grade papillary urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder, SOL in upper pole of left kidney, Radical nephrectomy.

[1]. Okamoto N, MorioS, Inoue R, Akiyama K.The risk of a second primary cancer occurring in five year survivor of an initial cancer.
Jpn j ClinOncol. 1987; 17:205-13.
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80. Nattl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1985; 68:411-30.
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Abstract: Malnutrition in Indian population is recently becoming subject of study. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis of malnutrition associated with malocclusion and other oral anomalies. Aim: Aim of this study was to evaluate the association of malnutrition with malocclusion, dental caries, enamel hypoplasia and salivary flow in mixed dentition stage. Material and method: One hundred twenty subjects were selected for this study in Rabindranath Tagore Medical College & hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan. BMI index was calculated and oral examinations were done to evaluate all findings.............

Keywords:Dental Caries, Enamel Hypoplasia, Malnutrition, malocclusion, Mixed Dentition Stage, salivary gland flow.

[1]. Pstoer W.J., Reid B.C., Katz R. V. Malnutrition and Dental Caries: A review of literature. Caries Res.2005; 39(6):441-447.
[2]. Thomas E. B. A. F. et al. Is Malnutrition Associated with Crowding in Permanent Dentition? International Journal of Environment
Research and Public Health.2010; 8: 3531-3544.
[3]. Thomas E. B. A. F., Valenca A. M. G. Relationship between childhood underweight and dental crowding in deciduous teething.
Journal de Pediatria.2009;85(2):110-116.
[4]. Gupta S. P., Shetty P. P., Reddy K., Sancheti P. Enamel Hypoplasia: A Case Report. Journal of Advanced Oral
Research.2014;5(1):10-13.
[5]. Cunha-Cruz J., Scott J., Rothen M., Mancl L., Lowhorn T., Brossel K., Berg J. Salivary characteristics and dental caries: Evidence
from general dental practices. J Am Dent Assoc.2013;144(5):31-40..

Abstract: Aims & Objective – To study the BMI & Waist circumference in patients of COPD & their correlation with severity of disease. Material & method-This prospective study was conducted in Dept. of Respiratory Medicine MGMC&H, Jaipur from Jan 2015 to March 2016. Patients were diagnosed COPD according to GOLD update(2015)& staging(severity) was done according to Spirometry criteria. Waist circumference was measured & BMI was calculated (WHO criteria) in all cases. BMI & Waist circumference were analyzed & co-related with severity of disease...............

Keywords: Body Mass Index , Waist circumference, COPD

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Abstract: Crossed testicular ectopia (CTE)/transverse testicular ectopia (TTE) is a rare but well known congenital anomaly, in which both gonads migrate toward the same hemiscrotum. It is usually associated with other abnormalities such as persistent Mullerian duct syndrome, true hermaphroditism, inguinal hernia, hypospadias, pseudohermaphroditism, and scrotal anomalies. About 100 cases of transverse testicular ectopia have been reported in published studies. We report a case of transverse testicular ectopia in an 18-month-old boy who presented with left inguinal hernia and nonpalpable right testis with right hemiscotum empty and left testis in left hemiscotum..............

Keywords: testis, undescended testis, cryptorchidism, testicular ectopia

[1]. Barrack S. Crossed testicular ectopia with fused bilateral duplication of the vasa deferential: an unusual
finding in cryptochidism. East Afr Med J. 1994;71(6):398–400
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[3]. Fourcroy JL, Belman AB. Transverse testicular ectopia with persistent Müllerian duct. Urology.
1982;19(5):536–538. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(82)90614-8.
[4]. Berg AA. Transverse ectopy of the testis. Ann Surg. 1904;40:223–224
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Abstract: Open fractures are more common in the tibia than in any other bone, due to its location and tenuous soft tissue coverage. IEF is a step forward in the management of open tibial fractures in the settings where patients present late, have bone loss, and facilities for emergency nailing or bypass plating and assistance of plastic surgery are not available.. The outcome of treatment evaluated by both clinically & radiologically using Johner and Wruh's criteria. Total 15 patients were included in the study satisfying the inclusion criteria.
At the time of initial presentation , Gustillo-Anderson type IIIa &IIIb was encountered in 13 patients(86.66%) while type II was encountered in 2 patients (13.34%). Union was achieved in all patients.............

Keywords: Ilizarov external fixator, Johner &Wruch's criteria, Minimal invasive, Open fracture, Tibia.

[1]. Nicol SA. Closed and open management of tibial fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1974;105:144–153. doi: 10.1097/00003086-
197411000-00009
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Am. 1990;72:299–303
[3]. Bilat C, Leutenegger A, Ruedi T. Osteosynthesis of 245 tibial fractures, early and late complications.Injury. 1994;25:349–358. doi:
10.1016/0020-1383(94)90125-2
[4]. Sidhartan S , Sujith A, Rathod AK, Pathak RH (2005) Management of high energy tibial fractures using the Ilizarov apparatus.
Internnet J Orthop Surg 2(2).
[5]. Hosny G, Fadel M , Ilizarov external fixator for open fractures of the tibial shaft. Int Orthop,2003;23(5):303-
306.doi:10.1007/s00264-003-0476-3.

Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) has been remained a major global health problem from ancient times. Diagnosis of TB on the basis of histopathology is an important issue since long in anatomical pathology. Extra pulmonary TB is predominantly associated with cervical lymph nodes presented by swollen glands usually at base and or sides of the neck. Taking limitations of serology, Ziehl Neelsen smear and culture techniques into the account morphological analysis based on histology seems to be the most achievable method for diagnosis of TB............

Keywords: CLN, extra pulmonary TB, tuberculosis, ZN smear, LJ media, FNAC

[1]. Kulchavenya E. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: are statistical reports accurate?. Therapeu Advan Infect Dis. 2014;2(2):61-70.

[2]. Elmadhoun WM, Noor SK, Bushara SO, Ahmed EO, Mustafa H, Sulaiman AA et.al. Epidemiology of tuberculosis and evaluation of treatment outcomes in the national tuberculosis control programme, River Nile state, Sudan, 2011-2013. East Med Health J. 2016;22(2):95.

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[5]. Hooja S, Pal N, Malhotra B, Goyal S, Kumar V, Vyas L. Comparison of Ziehl Neelsen & Auramine O staining methods on direct and concentrated smears in clinical specimens. Indian J Tberc. 2011;58(2):72-6.

Abstract: Background: Foetal growth restriction is an undesirable and challenging diagnosis given the dire foetal and neonatal consequences it is associated with. Ultrasound doppler velocimetry is a surveillance tool in such pregnancies as it illustrates foetal perfusion and nutrient availability. Materials & Methods: The study was conducted as a double blind placebo controlled randomized trial with 37 patients in study group who were administered Sildenafil 25mg TID and 56 patients in control group who were administered a similar placebo. Velocimetry indices in umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery were calculated at eligibility and one week post initiation of intervention. Differences in Sildenafil treated and Sildenafil naïve groups were analysed statistically. Secondary outcomes in terms of side effects were observed and analysed..............

Keywords: Foetal growth restriction, Sildenafil, Ultrasound doppler velocimetry

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Abstract: Soft tissue augmentation with autogenous grafts is widely used in various disciplines of dentistry. Indicated in partially and fully edentulous patients to augment areas with reduced width of keratinized gingiva, as well as to increase soft tissue volume. The following case report describes an unusual presentation of preprosthetic surgery, where ridge reconstruction was done using a free gingival auto graft.

Keywords:Ridge reconstruction, vestibuloplasty, free gingival graft, soft tissue augmentation, pre-prosthetic surgery.

[1]. Chiapasco M, Casentini P, Zaniboni M. Bone augmentation procedures in implant dentistry. Int J Oral
MaxillofacImplants.2009;24(SUPPL):237-59.
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200-2, 204-6; quiz 208.
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Abstract: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a visceral fat deposit accumulated between the visceral pericardium and the myocardium. Increased epicardial adipose tissue volume is associated with development of coronary atherosclerosis. It has been reported previously that EAT volume was higher in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients on hemodialysis(HD) and peritoneal dialysis. Objective: We aimed to compare epicardial adipose tissue thickness between the CKD patients on hemodialysis and controls...........

Keywords:Hemodialysis, epicardial adipose tissue, coronary artery calcification, Carotid intimal medial thickness, Chronic Kidney Disease.

[1]. United States Renal Data System: USRDS 2006 Annual Data Report: Atlas of End-Stage Renal Disease in United States. National
Institute of Health. Bethesda: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2006.
[2]. Parfrey PS, Foley RN, Harnett JD, Kent GM, Murray D, Barre PE. Outcome and risk factors of ischemic heart disease in chronic
uremia. Kidney Int. 1996; 49:1428–1434.
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[4]. Robinson J, Tan AU, Wilensky RL, Matthai W, Munoz M, Rosas SE. Electron-beam computerized tomography correlates with
coronary angiogram in chronic kidney disease patients. Am J Nephrol. 2007;27:247–252.
[5]. Haydar AA, Hujairi NM, Covic AA, Pereira D, Rubens M, Goldsmith DJ. Coronary artery calcification is related to coronary
atherosclerosis in chronic renal disease patients: a study comparing EBCT-generated coronary artery calcium scores and coronary
angiography. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004;19:2307–2312.

Abstract: Mortality and morbidity is an important and objective measure of outcome of a surgery. The outcome of surgical intervention is not solely dependent on the abilities of surgeon in isolation. The patients physiological status, disease that requires surgical corrections, severity of the diseases, the nature of the operation and the preoperative and postoperative support services have a major effect on the ultimate outcome. This POSSUM scoring (physiological and operative severity score for enumeration of mortality and morbidity) uses of the physiological and surgical variables which is a quick, noninvasive, easy to use and can be applied both in emergency and elective surgery and accurately in predicting the outcome..............

Keywords:....

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