iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2017

Abstract: In this prospective, randomized controlled study, we studied endotracheal tube cuff pressure changes in 100 patients undergoing elective surgical procedures requiring general anaesthesia with oxygen and nitrous oxide. Devices named pressure gauge and pressure transducer are compared as well. The cuffs were inflated with either air or distilled water. Mean cuff pressure in air filled cuffs increased throughout the procedure, reaching 37.58±0.93 mmHg compared with 23.66±0.94 mmHg in water filled cuffs at the end of 2 hours. The rise in cuff pressure were significantly lower(P<0.05) in water filled cuffs. The endotracheal tube cuff distended with distilled water, rise in cuff pressure during general anaesthesia with nitrous oxide is lower than that of an air filled cuff.

Keyword: Cuff pressure, Endotracheal tube, Pressure gauge, Pressure transducer.

[1]. Ahmad N.L., Norsidah A.M. Change in endotracheal tube cuff pressure during nitrous oxide anaesthesia: a comparison between air and distilled water cuff inflation. Anaesthesia Intensive care. 2001 Oct;29(5):510-4.
[2]. Patel R.I., Oh T.H. and Epstein B.S. Effects of Nitrous Oxide on Pressure changes of Tracheal tube cuffs following inflation with Air and Saline. Anaesthesia. 1984;39:862-864.
[3]. Chandler M. Pressure changes in tracheal tube cuffs. Anaesthesia.1986 Mar;41(3):287-293.

[4]. Caroll Robert, Hedden Michael, Safar Peter. Intratracheal Cuffs: Performance characteristics. Anaesthesiology. 1969 Sep;31(3):275-81.

[5]. Lin Y, Lin D, Chen B, Ji C, Yuan C, Wang B. Experimental study of the monitoring bias of pressure in intubation balloon using handheld pressure gauge. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2014 May;26(5):347-50.

Abstract: Retroperitoneal sarcomas are rare tumours that comprise approximately 15% of all soft tissue sarcomas in adults1. Most of the retroperitoneal tumours are malignant and approximately one third is soft tissue sarcoma. Although significant advances in our understanding of extremity soft tissue sarcoma have resulted in improved treatments and outcomes, similar progress has not been achieved in our understanding and treatment of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas. Here we present a retrospective analysis of 30 cases of retroperitoneal sarcoma from a tertiary care centre from 2006 to 2010............

Keywords: Retro-peritoneal Sarcoma, Clinico-pathological

[1]. Barry W. Feig. Retroperitoneal sarcoma. Surg onco1 din N Am 12 (2003) p.369-377.
[2]. Barry W Feig, David H Berger, editors. The MD Anderson surgical oncology Hand book, 4th edition. Lippincott. 2006. p. 121-142.
[3]. Lewis JJ, Leung D, Woodruff JM, Brennan ME. Retroperitoneal sarcoma: analysis of 500 patients treated and followed at a single
institution. Ann Surg 1998; 228:355-65.
[4]. Stockelle et al. prognostic factors in retroperitoneal sarcomas: a multivariate analysis of a series of 165 patients of FCCFSG. Cancer
2001; 92(2):359-368.
[5]. Alvarenga JC, Ball ABS, Fisher C et al. Limitations of surgery in the treatment of retroperitoneal sarcoma. Br J Surg 1991; 78:912-
6.

Abstract: Background: This study was conducted to determine postoperative pain control with use of Bupivacaine soaked sheet of Regenerated Oxidized Cellulose (ROC) in gallbladder (GB) bed and compared with port-site infiltration of bupivacaine after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC). Methods: Total 100 patients were divided in 3 groups. In Group A (n=37) Bupivacaine soaked ROC was positioned in the gallbladder bed. In Group B (n=28) Bupivacaine was infiltrated in trocar site before skin suturing and in Group C (n=32) was control group. Nature of pain, either visceral, parietal, or shoulder, was assessed on Visual Analogue Scale( VAS) at 3, 6, and 24 hours after surgery.................

Keywords: Bupivacaine, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Intraperitoneal, Postoperative Pain, Analgesia

[1]. Slim K, Bousquet J, Kwiatkowski F et al (1999) Effect of CO2 gas warming on pain after laparoscopicsurgery: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. SurgEndosc 13:1110–1114.
[2]. Saad S, Minor I, Mohri T et al (2000) The clinical impact of warmedinsufflation carbon dioxide gas for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. SurgEndosc 14:787–790.
[3]. Feroci F, Kroning KC, Scatizzi M(2008),Effectiveness for pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy of 0.5%bupivacaine-soaked Tabotampplaced in the gallbladder bed, Surg Endosc:10: 0301-6.
[4]. Verma GR, Lyngdoh TS, Kaman L et al (2006) Placement of 0.5% bupivacaine-soaked Surgicel in the gallbladder bed is effective for pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. SurgEndosc 20:1560–1564.
[5]. Sarli L, CostiR,Sansebastiano G et al (2000) Prospective randomizedtrial of low-pressure pneumoperitoneum for reduction of shoulder-tippain following laparoscopy. Br J Surg 87:1161–1165.

Abstract: Objective: To study the awareness regarding appropriate breast feeding practices and advantage of breast milk among pregnant and lactating women of both urban and rural area of Nalanda district , Bihar. Methods: For studying awareness an interview schedule comprised of open ended question was developed and data was analyzed to see the differences in two independent proportions. Observation: Awareness in various aspects of breast feeding practices were poor particularly among illiterate and most of the rural literate women due to widespread illiteracy and superstition. About 2/3 rd of educated and 1/2 of the literate of urban area knew that babies should be exclusively...........

Keywords: Awareness, breast feeding practices, pregnant and lactating women, rural & urban.

[1]. Datta banik N.D. Breast feeding and weaning practices of preschool children in urban community in Delhi. Indpediatr.1975:12:569
[2]. Dattal MS. Feeding practices of infant and children in rural and urban areas a H.P. Ind Pediatr 1984:21:217
[3]. Gupta MC etal. A review of child rearing practices ……….at Gwaliar. Ind pediatr,1980:17:261
[4]. Idris MZ etal. Feeding practices and diarrheal episode among rural and urban infants of Lucknow Ind pediatr,1981:18:311
[5]. ICMR studies on weaning and supplementary food. Tech. report series no 27:1986

Abstract: Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the direct relationship between serum cholesterol and serum albumin in first episode of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of childhood. Methods and materials: A prospective observational study included 28 children with nephrotic syndrome, aged between of 2-8 years with 14 age and sex matched controls were studied at SVS Medical College and Hospital, Mahabubnagar during period of July 2015 to December 2016. Results and discussion: The mean albumin was 1.81 g/dL, mean serum proteins were 4.41 g/dL and mean serum cholesterol level was 459.30 mg/dL.A negative correlation between serum albumin and serum cholesterol levels (r = -0.850)in our study, which was statistically significant (p<0.000)................

Keywords: Nephrotic Syndrome, serum cholesterol, serum albumin.

[1]. Safaei A, Maleknejad S. Spectrum of childhood nephrotic syndrome in Iran: A single center study. Indian J Nephrol. 2009 Jul;19(3):87-90. doi: 10.4103/0971-4065.57103.
[2]. Certikova-Chabova V, Tesar V. Recent insights into the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome. Minerva Med. 2013 Jun;104(3):333-47.
[3]. RAHMAN, MH; JESMIN, T; MUINUDDIN, G. An Update of Management of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome: A Review Article. Bangladesh Journal of Child Health, [S.l.], v. 37, n. 2, p. 102-121, dec. 2013. ISSN 2408-8315. Available at: <http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJCH/article/view/17268>. Date accessed: 30 Sep. 2016. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v37i2.17268.
[4]. Attman PO, Alaupovic P. Pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia in the nephritic syndrome. Am J Nephrol. 1990;10 Suppl 1:69-75.
[5]. B. Sreenivasa, Kumar P, S. Babu M.T, S. K. Ragavendra. Serum Lipid profiles during onset and remission of steroid sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome in Children. BMR Medicine. 2015;1(1), pp.1-4

Abstract: Introduction: Obesity is the most common expression of unhealthy diet often combined with lack of physical activity. We are amidst an epidemic of obesity which has serious health ramifications. Easy availability of fast foods, junk food culture and sedentary life style add fuel to fire. Realizing this fact, the present study was undertaken on medical and nursing students. Aim: To study the prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity in medical and nursing students. Objectives: 1-To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity in medical and nursing students of various batches. 2- To study the correlates of overweight and obesity medical and nursing students. Methods: It was a cross sectional observational study.............

Keywords: Body mass index, Medical students, Obesity, Overweight, Waist-hip ratio

[1]. WHO: Obesity and overweight. Available from
[2]. www.who.int/entity/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/-44k. Accessed on 3 December, 2016
[3]. WHO: Obesity, Preventing and managing the Global Epidemic, Tech Rpt Ser, 894, 2000, 102 -104. Available from
www.who.int/nutrition/publications/obesity/WHO_TRS_894/en/ Accessed on 03/12/16.
[4]. WHO (2003) Tech Rep Ser No. 916. Available from www.who.int/dietphysical activity/ publication/trs916/en. Accessed on
03/12/2016
[5]. R. Pradeepa, R.M. Anjana, Shashank, R. Joshi, A. Bhansali, M. Deepa, Prashant, P. Joshi et al, Prevalence of generalized &
abdominal obesity in urban & rural India, Indian J Med Res 142, 2015, August, 139-150.

Abstract: Background:There is a dearth of studies which have focused on consultation-liaison psychiatry in India.. Data from the previous studies have suggested that the referral rates in India are very low considering the higher psychiatric morbidity rates. Objectives:The aim of the study is to assess the magnitude and the pattern of Psychiatric referrals and to find out the scope and difficulties of Consultation Liaisons. Materials and Methods: All inpatient referred to Psychiatry department over a period of one year (i.e. April 2014-March 2015). The data were taken and analysed in terms of socio-demographic characters, referring unit, reasons for referral and psychiatric diagnosis..........

Keywords: Psychiatry referrals, Consultation - liaison psychiatry

[1]. Grover S, State of consultation-liaison psychiatry in India: Current status and vision for future Indian J Psychiatry 2011 53:202-13.
[2]. Parekh HC, Deshmukh DK, Bagadia VN, Vahia NS, Analysis of indoor psychiatric referrals in a general hospital Indian J
Psychiatry 1968 10:81-83
[3]. MakhalManabendra, MajumderUttam, Psychiatric comorbidity among refer of inpatients and need for Consultation Liaison
Psychiatry. Delhi Psychiatry Journal Vol 16 No. 1, April 2013.
[4]. Boone CR, Coulton CJ, Keller SM. The impact of early and comprehensive social work services on length of stay. Soc Work Health
Care 1981; 7: 1-9.
[5]. Saltz CC, Magruder-Habib K. Recognising depression in patient receiving medical care. Health Soc Work 1985; 10;15-22.

Abstract: Objectives: To assess the displacement contours in X, Y and Z directions during individual canine retraction with finite element application and to comparethese displacements contours to the clinically occurring movements that cannot be visualized precisely in a clinical framework. Materials and Methods: A three dimensional finite element model of the maxillary canine teeth along with its surrounding periodontal structure (teeth, PDL and bone) were created in order to simulate the movements with 150 grams of force for individual canine retraction.............

Keywords: Displacement contours,Finite element method,Individual canine retraction, Orthodontics.

[1]. DJ Rudolph, MG Willes and GT Sameshima, A finite element model of apicalforce distribution from orthodontic tooth movement,
Angle Orthod, 71,2001,127-131.
[2]. MI Puente, L Galban and JM Cobo, Initial stress differences between tipping and torque movements, A three-dimensional finite
element analysis, European Journal of Orthodontics,18,1996,329-339.
[3]. A Geramy, Initial stress produced in the periodontal membrane by orthodontic loads in the presence of varying loss of alveolar
bone: a three dimensional finite element analysis. European Journal of Orthodontics,24,2002,21-33.
[4]. Y Jing, XL Han, BH Cheng and B Ding, Three-dimensional FEM analysis of stress distribution in dynamic maxillary canine
movement, Chin Sci Bull,58,2013,2454-2459.
[5]. RS Quinn and DK Yoshikawa, A reassessment of force magnitude in orthodontics, Am. J. Orthod, 88,1985,252-260.

Abstract: The prevalence of coronary artery disease is dependent upon the presence of multiple risk factors. These risk factors specially the modifiable one, can be brought under control by life style modifications. World health organization has recommended a STEPs approach for the assessment of risk factors of coronary artery disease. It has two component, core and expanded. Objectives: There is paucity of data as far as expanded assessment is concerned. The present study was conducted with the objective to find out the prevalence of risk factors of coronary artery disease using WHO standardised STEPs approach including investigations specially fasting blood sugar and total cholesterol...........

Keywords: CHD, NCD, NPCDCS, STEPS, WHO,

[1]. K Parks, Text Book of Social and Preventive Medicine, K. Park, 23rd Edition, Jabalpur, India: M/S Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers;
2015.p.364-367.
[2]. Murray C, Lopez A. The Global Burden of Disease. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1996.
[3]. Global Status Report on Non-communicable disease 2014. World Health Organization, Geneva 2014.
[4]. Who.int. WHO | Disease and injury country estimates [Internet]. 2015 Available from: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/
global_burden _disease/estimates_country/en/
[5]. Vellakkal S, Subramanian S, Millett C, Basu S, Stuckler D, et-al. (2013) Socioeconomic Inequalities in Non-Communicable
Diseases Prevalence in India: Disparities between Self-Reported Diagnoses and Standardized Measures PlosOne 8(7): e68219. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0068219

Abstract: Amniotic fluid volume measurement forms an integral part of antenatal fetal monitoring in routine obstetric scans. Oligohydramnios has been identified as the leading cause of increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Doppler ultrasound is extremely helpful in evaluating maternal and fetal hemodynamics in this scenario. In this study, we focus on the role of umbilical artery doppler velocimetry in oligohydramnios at or beyond 34 weeks and its correlation with fetal outcome.

Keywords:- Color doppler, Oligohydramnios, Umbilical Artery

[1]. Phelan JP, Smith CV, Broussard P, Small M. Amniotic fluid volume assessment with the four-quadrant technique at 36-42 weeks'
gestation. J Reprod Med 1987; 32:540-2
[2]. Misra R. Hydramnios and Oligohydramnios. In: Ian Donald's Practical Obstetric Problems. (6th edn.) BI Publications Pvt Ltd.
2006;369-96.
[3]. Maulik D, Mundy D, Heitmann E et-al. Evidence-based approach to umbilical artery Doppler fetal surveillance in high-risk
pregnancies: an update. ClinObstet Gynecol. 2010;53 (4): 869-78. doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181fbb5f5 - Pubmed citation
[4]. Casey BM, McIntire DD, Bloom SL, Lucas MJ, Santos R, Twickler DM et al. Pregnancy outcome after diagnosis of
oligohydramnios at or beyond 34 weeks of gestation. Am J ObstetGynecol 2000;182(4):902-12.
[5]. Kumar P, Iyer S, Ramkumar V. Amniotic fluid index: A new ultrasound assessment of amniotic fluid. J ObstetGynaecol India
1991;41(1):10-12.

Abstract: Objective: Ovary is a structure with an embryological, anatomic and functional complexity. Ovaries are resistant to diseases, still can be the seat of neoplastic lesions such as benign, malignant , primary, secondary and can be solid and cystic and exhibit mixed patterns with wide spectrum of histological types. Methods: Retrospective study of ovary was done for period of one year at Department of Pathology, Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai. We studied 83 cases of ovarian tumors received in formalin, were subjected to histopathological examination. Immunohistochemistry was used as and when required. Results: In total, 83 ovarian tumor specimens were examined. Out of which 74 cases (62%) were benign,3 cases (2.5% ) borderline and 6 cases (5%) were malignant. Most common histological type was surface epithelial tumors (76%) followed by germ cell tumors (18%)..............

Keywards: Ovary, tumor, gross, histological types.

[1]. Piver MS. Prophylactic Oophorectomy: Reducing the U.S. Death Rate from Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.
[2]. A Continuing Debate. Oncologist, 1996;1:326–30
[3]. Fruscella E, Testa AC, Ferrandina G, De Smet F, Holsbeke VC, Scambia G, Zannoni GF, Ludovisi M,
[4]. Achten R, Amant F. Ultrasound Features of different Histopathological Subtypes of Borderline Ovarian
[5]. Tumors. Ultrasound ObstetGynecol 2005; 26: 644-650

Abstract: Caroli`s disease is a rare biliary disorder characterised by multiple segmental dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Extent of liver involvement varies with monolobar variety occurring in 20% of cases. It can be associated with variety of complications of which cholangiocarcinoma remains a serious problem and can pose difficulty in diagnosis. We report a case of monolobar caroli`s disease in a 67yrs old male diagnosed based on the imaging studies. During surgery, the affected lobe was found to harbor coexistent cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatic resection was offered as the treatment to manage both the conditions

Keywards: Caroli`s disease, Caroli`s syndrome, Choledochal cysts, Cholangiocarcinoma.

[1]. Caroli J, Soupault R, Kossakowski J, Plocker L and Paradowska, [Congenital polycystic dilation of the intrahepatic bile ducts;
attempt at classification],Sem Hop,34,1958, 488-495/SP.
[2]. Giovanardi RO, Monolobar Caroli's disease in an adult - Case report, Hepatogastroenterology, 50,2003, 2185–2187.
[3]. Yonem O and Bayraktar Y, Clinical characteristics of Caroli`ssyndrome,World J Gastroenterol, 13(13), 2007, 1934–1937.
[4]. Veigel MC, Prescott-Focht J, Rodriguez MG, Zinati R, Shao L, Moore CA and Lowe LH, Fibropolycystic liver disease in
children,PediatrRadiol, 39,2009, 317–327.
[5]. Todani T et al, Congenital bile duct cysts: Classification, operative procedures and review of thirty-seven cases including cancer
arisingfrom choledochal cyst,Am J Surg, 134, 1977, 263–269.

Abstract: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the leading causes of death in women. Women who deliver after 20 weeks of gestation are specially at risk for PPH and its sequelae. This study was undertaken to evaluate the causes and risk factors associated with PPH, various techniques/modalities used to control PPH and to assess the impact of PPH on the maternal morbidity and mortality. This prospective study was carried out over a period of six months from September 2014 to February 2015 in the Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak..............

Keywards: Continuum, Etiology, Management, Postpartum Haemorrhage, PPH

[1]. Murray SS, McKinney ES. Foundation of Maternal–Newborn and Women's Health Nursing. 5th ed. Missouri: Sounders Elsevier Publication; 2010. p.731-8.
[2]. El-Refaey H, Rodick C. Postpartum Hemorrhage: Definition, Medical and Surgical Management. A Time for Change. Br Med Bull Oxford J. 2010;96:205-17.
[3]. Yousef F, Haider G. Postpartum Hemorrhage: An experience at tertiary hospital. J Surg Pak 2009;14:2.
[4]. Armbruster D. Tackling the Biggest Maternal Killer. How the Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage Initiative Strengthened Effort Around the World Washington DC: 2009.
[5]. Jackson KW, Allbert JR, Schemmer GK, Elliot M, Humphrey A, Taylor J. A randomized controlled trial comparing oxytocin administration before and after placental delivery in the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:873-

Abstract: Palatal fractures generally occur in conjunction with maxillary fractures. They rarely occur as an isolated fracture and can be easily overlooked by an inexperienced clinician as a dentoalveolar fracture. So it's imperative to have a thorough clinical and radiographic evaluation to diagnose these types of fractures. This article reports a caseof isolated transverse palatal fracture and its management.

Keywords: Lefort 1 fracture, maxillary fractures, palatal fractures

[1]. Manson PN, Clark N, Robertson B, et al: Subunit principles in midface fractures: The importance of sagittal buttresses, softt issue
reductions, and sequencing treatment of segmental fractures. PlastReconstrSurg 103:1287, 1999
[2]. Leech TR, Martin BC, Trabue JC. An analysis of the etiology, treatment and complications of fractures of the malar compound and
zygoma. J Surg 1956;92;920-924
[3]. Denny AD, Celik N: A management strategy for palatal fractures:A 12-year review. J CraniofacSurg 10:49, 1999
[4]. Hendrickson M, Clark N, Manson PN, et al: Palatal fractures: Classification, patterns, and treatment with rigid internal fixation.
PlastReconstrSurg 101:319, 1998
[5]. Park S, Ock JJ: A new classification of palatal fracture and an algorithm to establish a treatment plan. PlastReconstrSurg 107:1669,
2001

Abstract: Background:Magnesium has anti-nociceptive effects and potentiates opioid analgesia following its systemic and neuraxial administration. In our study, the effect of intravenous magnesium sulphate in pre-eclamptic patients on spinal anaesthesia produced by bupivacaine was investigated. Materials and Methods:Sixty pregnant (30 normal and 30 pre-eclamptic) patients were enrolled in this study in two groups: Healthy parturients (Group A) and pre-eclampticparturients with IV MgSO4 therapy (Group B). Spinalanaesthesia was given with 12.5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine .Onset of sensory block at T6 level, highest sensory block level, motor block characteristics, time to first analgesic request, maternal hemodynamics as well as side effects were evaluated................

Keywards: Spinal anaesthesia, magnesium sulphate, bupivacaine, pre-eclampsia

[1]. Mebazaa MS, Ouerghi S, Frikha N, Moncer K, Mestiri T, James MF, et al. Is magnesium sulfate by the intrathecal route efficient
and safe? Ann FrAnesthReanim. 2011;30:47–50. [PubMed]
[2]. Albrecht E, Kirkham KR, Liu SS, Brull R. Peri-operative intravenous administration of magnesium sulphate and postoperative pain:
a meta-analysis. Anaesthesia. 2013;68:79–90. [PubMed]
[3]. Apan A, Buyukkocak U, Ozcan S, Sari E, Basar H. Postoperative magnesium sulphate infusion reduces analgesic requirements in
spinal anaesthesia. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2004;21:766–9. [PubMed]
[4]. Dabbagh A, Elyasi H, Razavi SS, Fathi M, Rajaei S. Intravenous magnesium sulfate for post-operative pain in patients undergoing
lower limb orthopedic surgery. ActaAnaesthesiol Scand. 2009;53:1088–91. [PubMed]
[5]. Hwang JY, Na HS, Jeon YT, Ro YJ, Kim CS, Do SH. I.V. infusion of magnesium sulphate during spinal anaesthesia improves
postoperative analgesia. Br J Anaesth. 2010;104:89–93. [PubMed]

Abstract: Endometriosis is a relatively common disease. Perianal endometriosis is a rarest condition, which occur frequently at episiotomy scar. We present a rare case of perianal endometriosis. A 37 year old female presents with perianal swelling with intermittent pain. Pain was not cyclical in nature. There was no discharge or bleeding from swelling. Patient had history of episiotomy. Perianal swelling was excised with wide margin and sent for biopsy. Biopsy report suggested perianal endometriosis

Keywards: Biopsy, Episiotomy scar, female, Pain, Perianal endometriosis

[1]. Blaustein A, Kurman RJ, Blaustein 's pathology of the female genital tract. New York: Springer 2002 x, 1391 p.
[2]. Rubenchik I, Auger M, Casper RF. Fine needle aspiration cytology of ovarion cysts in in vitro fertilization patients: A study of 125 cases. Diagn Cytopathol 1996: 15 :341-342.
[3]. Zanetta G, Lissoni A, Dalla Valle C, Trio D, Pittelli M, Rangoni G. Ultrasound guided aspiration of endometriosis: Possible applications and limitation. Fertil Steril 1995 ; 64:709-713
[4]. Leiman G, Markowitz S, Viega - Ferreira MM, Margolius KA, Endometriosis of the rectovaginal septum. Diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology.
[5]. Akin MR, Ho CS, Nguyen GK. Cystic endometriosis and related neoplasms arising from extragonadal endometiosis diagonsed by transvaginal fine needle aspiration biopsy. Acta Cytol 1999: 43:536-538.

Abstract: Background: Voice disorders are one of the major occupational hazards of school teachers.This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of voice disorders and identify possibleassociated risk factors amongsecondary school teachers. Method: A 25–item questionnaire was administered to 143 secondary school teachers from six schools in Ilishan Remo area of western Nigeria. Result: Out of 143 teachers, 89 (62.2%- 45 males and44 females ) reported voiceproblems without any significant difference in both sexes......

Keywords: Prevalence, voice disorders, risk factors

[1]. Kosztyla-Hojna,B.,Rogowski,m.,Ruczaj,j.,Pepinski,w.&Lobaczuk-sitnink,A.(2004).An analysis of occupational dysphonia diagnosed in the north –east of Poland. International Journal of occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 17(2), 273-278.
[2]. Sataloff RT. Professional voice users: The evaluation of voice disorders occup med 2001., 16(4)633-47.
[3]. Roy,N.,Merrill,R.N.,Thibcault,S.,Parsa,R.A.,Gray,S.D.,&Smith,E.M(2004).Prevalence of voice disorders in teachers and general population. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 47,281-293.
[4]. Akinbode,R ,Lamk, B,Ayres,J.G .,Sadhra,S.,Journal of occupational medicine(London).2014 Jul.,64(5):382-6.
[5]. Sala,E.,Laine,A.,Simberg,S.,Vehmas(2005).The prevalence of voice disorders among day care teachers compared to nurses.A questionnaire and clinical study.Journal of voice 15(3),413-423.

Abstract: Hyperhidrosis or excessive sweating is a secretion of sweat in bigger amount that the body is needed. The reason of appearance is not clear yet to the Western medicine. Hyperhidrosis can be divided to focal and general and primary and secondary. In the terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) hyperhidrosis is called 'spontaneous perspiration' and is seen as disharmony of the protective Qi, a deficiency of Yin or Yang energy. To treat the condition in our case we used acupuncture and herbal treatment. The treated patient is a 16 year old male teenager with excessive sweating on the head, back and stomach for three years and increased in the past one year......

Keywords: Acupuncture, herbs, sweating, treatment, traditional Chinese medicine

[1]. Миниќ С.; Прекумерно потење; 2015 [www.betty.mk]
[2]. Nordqvist C.; Hyperhidrosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Effective Treatments; 2016 [www.medicalnewstoday.com]
[3]. Tidy C.; Excessive Sweating (Hyperhidrosis); 2014 [www.patient.info]
[4]. Bouchez C.; Top Teen Skin Problems – and How To Solve Them; 2017 [www.webmd.com]
[5]. Kaufman J.; Hyperhidrosis/Excessive Sweating; 2016 [www.okanaganacupuncture.com]

Abstract: Background: In India, we have the most number of cases with pulmonary tuberculosis. The one cause of this widespread is negligence of the patients and health workers towards the prevention and control of this disease. Methods And Materials: A Hospital Based cross sectional study over a period of 3 months . Answers related to knowledge and practices related to sputum disposal, care taken while coughing were evaluated as correct or incorrect. The study questioner also contained different aspects related to knowledge of TB . Study technique was by exit interview. Sample size was 100 (Hundred patients)..........

Keywords: Spread of tuberculosis, Knowlegde, Cough hygiene, Sputum disposal.

[1]. Global Tuberculosis Report- Geneva: World Health Organization. c2015. [updated 2015;cited 2015 oct]. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/75938/1/9789241 564502_eng.
[2]. Guidelines on Airborne Infection Control in Healthcare and Other Settings. New Delhi: Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health & Family Welfare; April 2010. P56,68. [3]. Samuel W, Dooley Jr, Kenneth G, Castro, M.D. Mary D, Hutton, B.S.N, M.P.H, Robert J. Mullan, M.D. Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Tuberculosis in Health-Care Settings, with Special Focus on HIV-Related Issues. c 2007. [updated 2007; cited 2015]. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001897.htm.
[4]. Lin M, Ruoyan GT, Hong G, Yunbo M, Ruiying L, Weibing W, Lesego S, Xingzhou W, Lingzhong X. A cross-sectional study of sputum handling by and supervision of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis treated at home in China. BioScience Trends 2012; 6: 296-302.

Abstract: C-shaped root canals are most frequently seen in the mandibular second molar. Their complex anatomy makes chemomechanical preparation an arduous and difficult task. The present case series describes the endodontic management of 3 cases of C- shaped canals using sonic irrigation system and laser assisted disinfection.

Keywords: C-shaped, diode laser, endoactivator

[1]. H.G. Cooke and F.L. Cox, C-shaped canal configurations in mandibular molars, The Journal of The American Dental Association,
99, 1979, 836– 839.
[2]. F.J. Vertucci and E.J. Haddix, Tooth morphology and access cavity preparation, in Cohens (10), Pathways of the Pulp,(St Louis,
Missouri, USA: Mosby-Year Book, 2011) 217.
[3]. D.C. Melton, K.V. Krell and M.W. Fuller, Anatomical and histological features of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars,
Journal of Endodontics, 17, 1991, 384– 388.
[4]. B. Fan, G.S. Cheung, M. Fan, J.L. Gutmann and Z. Bian, C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars: Part I—Anatomical
features, Journal of endodontics 30, 2004, 899-903.
[5]. Y. Min, B. Fan, G.S. Cheung, J.L. Gutmann and M. Fan, C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars: part III-the
morphology of the pulp chamber floor, Journal of endodontics, 32, 2006, 1155– 1159.

Abstract: Objectives: To determine the incidence, indications, maternal and perinatal outcome of obstetric hysterectomy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 80 women who had obstetric hysterectomy at the Obstetric unit of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, (UPTH) Nigeria, between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2011 was conducted. Data was obtained from the theatre records, labour ward register and case notes of patients and entered into a proforma. Epi Info Version 6.04d was used for data analysis..............

Keywords: Obstetric Hysterectomy, Maternal outcome, Perinatal outcome, Unbooked, Port Harcourt.

[1]. Umezurike CC, Adisa CA. Peripartum Hysterectomy. In: Al-Hendy A, Sabry M (eds). Hysterectomy. First edition. Croatia: Intech
publishers; 2012: 93-102.
[2]. Obstetric hysterectomy. In: Basket TF, Calder AA, Arulkumaran S (eds). Munro Kerr's Operative Obstetrics. 11th edition.
Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2007: 309-314.
[3]. Shellhaus CS, Gilbert S, Landon MB, et al. To estimate the frequency, indications and complications of caesarean hysterectomy.
Obstet Gynecol 2009; 114: 224-229.
[4]. Chestnut DH, Eden RD, Gall SA, Parker RT. Peripartum Hysterectomy: A Review of caesarean and postpartum hysterectomy.
Obstet Gynecol 1985; 65: 365-370.
[5]. Zelop CM, Harlow BL, Ferigoletto FD, Safon LE, Saltzman DH. Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomy. Am J Obstet Gynecol
1993; 168: 1443-1448.

Abstract: Background: Elbow lateral epicondylitis is a common problem that usually resolves with conservative treatment modalities like local infiltration with steroids, ultrasonic therapy, and manipulation and finally operative procedures are tried. An alternative to surgical intervention is sought for when the conservative measures failed. The hypothesis of this study is to establish the role of local autologous plasma injection to bring alone biological cure in these cases. Material and Methods: Forty patients with persisting pain for approximate six months, despite of other conservative mode of intervention were treated..............

Keywords: Refractory lateral epicondylitis, tennis elbow, tendinitis, tendinosis.

[1]. Canale S.Terry,Beaty J.H,Campbells textbook of orthopaedics,pg 2634-38,11th edition
[2]. Leadbetter,W.B.cell matrix response,clin.sports medicine,11:533-578,1992.
[3]. Jozsa,L.G,Overuse injury in tendon,p164-253;1997.
[4]. Regan,W.Wold,L.E, Conrad,R;AND morry,a m sports med,20:746-49,1992.
[5]. Nirschl, r.P.: Tennis elbow tendinosis: pathoanatomy, nonsurgical and surgical management. In Reetitive Motion Disorders of the
upper Extremity, pp. 467-479. Edited by S.L. Gordon, S.L.Blair,and L,J,fine. Rosemont, Lllinois,American Academy of Orthopaedic
Surgeons, 1995.