iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2017

Abstract: Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is highly prevalent throughout the world .Transient decrease in serum potassium level is common, demonstrating its occurrence in ACS and its significance on disease severity. AIM: To study the prevalence of potassium dip and its significance on disease severity among ACS patients. Materials & Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study with hundred newly diagnosed ACS patient. Potassium dip is assessed by DELTA POTASSIUM. Severity of ACS is assessed with duration of hospital stay, LV function status by 2D Echo and cardiac biomarker. Collected data are analyzed with SPSS 15 software. Results: Among ACS, STEMI constitutes 65%,NSTEMI 18% and UA in 17%. With duration of hospital stay 46% over 6-7 days,31% over 5 days and 23% stayed beyond 7 days..............

Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome, Acute ischemic stress, Δk - Delta potassium (serum potassium level at discharge-level at admission), Left ventricular function, Potassium dip

[1]. Madias JE, Shah B, Chintalapally G, Chalavarya G, MadiasNE:Admission serum potassium in patients with acute myocardial infarction:its correlates and value as a determinant of in-hospital outcome.Chest 2000, 118(4):904–913
[2]. Goyal A, Spertus JA, Gosch K, Venkitachalam L, Jones PG, Van den BergheG,Kosiborod M: Serum potassium levels and mortality in acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 2012, 307(2):157–164
[3]. Foo K, Sekhri N, Deaner A, Knight C, Suliman A, Ranjadayalan K, Timmis AD:Effect of diabetes on serum potassium concentrations in acute coronary syndromes. Heart 2003, 89(1):31–35
[4]. Podger JC, Simpson E, Rolton HA, et al. The hypokalaemia of acute myocardial infarction. Ann ClinBiochem 1986;23:204–5
[5]. Herlitz J, Hjalmarson A, Bengtson A. Occurrence of hypokalaemia in suspected acute myocardial infarction and its relation to clinical history and clinical course. ClinCardiol 1988;11:678–82.

Abstract: Femoral shaft fractures in children are common and frequently lead to hospitalization and require anaesthesia for performing an orthopaedic procedure . Fractures of femur in children occur most frequently in the middle third of the shaft. According to Hinton et al, the annual rate of femoral shaft fractures in children is 19.5 per 1,00,000(1) . Femoral shaft fractures treatment goals in children are achieving bone union with length, alignment and limb's function restoration, without losing movements of adjacent joints. Femoral shaft fracture is an incapacitating pediatric injury.(2) Femoral shaft fractures, including subtrochanteric and supracondylar fractures, represent approximately 1.6% of all body injuries in children The annual rate of femur shaft fractures in children was 1 per 5000(3). However, incidence appears to show minor variations in its geographical distribution. Orthopaedic surgeons have long maintained................

Keywords-: Children, Femoral-shaft fracture, Spica cast, Titanium elastic nailing.

[1]. Hinton RY, Lincoln A, Crockett MM, Sponseller P, Smith G (1999) Fractures of the femoral shaft in children. Incidence, mechanical , and sociodemographic risk factors. J Bone Joint Surg Am 81:500–509 .
[2]. Flynn JM, Skaggs DL, Sponseller PD et.al. The operative management of pediatric fractures of the lower extremity. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 2002; 84:2288-2300.
[3]. Rockwood & Wilkin's Fractures in Children. Femoral shaft fractures.6th Ed.893-936.
[4]. Roop Singh, SC Sharma, Magu NK, Amit Singla. Titanium elastic nailing in pediatric femoral diaphyseal fractures. Ind J Ortho 2006; 40(1): 29-34
[5]. Heinrich SD, Drvaric DM, Darr K, MacEwen GD. The operative stabilization of pediatric diaphyseal femur fractures with flexible intramedullary nail: A proapective analysis. J Pediatr Orthop 1994; 14(4):501-507.

Abstract: Acute pancreatitis is one of the common encountered disorders in common surgical practice. In recent times management has changed dramatically with majority of decisions like role of antibiotics, use of Ryle's tube, nutrition etc. Ranson's and APACHE II scoring systems are the two major scoring systems to predict the severity of disease, but the efficacy between the two scoring systems still remains a debate and hence the need for the study. Objectives: To assess the severity and to predict the outcome of Acute Pancreatitis using Ranson's scoring system and APACHE II Scoring system and CT severity index. Materials and Methodology: Data for the study will be collected from patients who are admitting in Surgery wards from Dec 2013 to Jun 2015 with Acute Pancreatitis using a pretested proforma and CT severity index meeting the objectives of study............

[1]. Arif A Khan et al; Improved prediction of outcome in patients with severe acute pancreatitis by the APACHE II score at 48 hours after hospital admission compared with the APACHE II score at admission. Arch Surg.2002;137:1136-1140.
[2]. Arnmori BJ. Role of the gut in the course of severe acute pancreatitis.Pancreas 2003; 26: 122-129.
[3]. Arvanitakis My Delhaye My De Maertelaere V, et al. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2004; 126:7 15-723.
[4]. Balthazar EJ, Robinson DL, Megibow AJ, et al. Acute pancreatitis: value of CT in establishing prognosis. Radiology 1990; 174:33 1-336.
[5]. Banks PA, Bollen TL, Dervenis C, et al. Classification of acute pancreatitis – 2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. 2013; 62(1): 102-111

Abstract: Objectives: This study was done to assess the incidence of malignancy in cases of thyromegaly, the age and sex distribution among them and also the various pathological types of thyroid carcinoma. 65 cases of thyromegaly, who presented to ENT department, Government general hospital, Guntur during a period of two years from January 2015 to January 2017 were selected. All the patients were admitted, investigated thoroughly and treated by surgery. They were then evaluated by histopathological examination. Materials And Methods: This study was done on 65 patients who presented with thyroid swellings to the department of ENT during a period of two years. All of them were investigated by complete blood chemistry, urine analysis, ECG, chest x-ray, 2D echocardiogram, ultrasonography of the neck, Thyroid profile [serum T3, T4, TSH estimation] and FNAC of the thyroid swelling.............

Keywords: FNAC, Papillary carcinoma, Follicular carcinoma.

[1]. Scott Brown's Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery; 7th edition;2008; James Ramsden, John C Watkinson; 2:2663-2702.
[2]. Ballenger's Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery; 17th edition;2009;6; Jan L Kasperbauer, Bryan McIver; 101:1141-1171.
[3]. Cumming's Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery;6th edition; 2;Sec 7; 122,123; Stephen Y Lai, Susan J Mandel, Randal S Weber; 1884-1901.
[4]. Stell and Maran's Head and Neck surgery; 4th edition; 23:459-485.
[5]. Kishore S, Edward P, Lawreno AM. Comprehensive text book of Oncology, Baltimore William and Wilkins; 1991;2:1393-1405..

Abstract: Erythroderma is an inflammatory skin condition which presents with extensive erythema and scaling of skin. It may be complicated by various metabolic abnormalities and is a life threatening condition. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical features and etiology of erythroderma in patients attending the dermatology clinic in Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, between December 2015 and April 2017. A total of 34 cases were included in the study. The male to female ratio was 2.4 :1 and the age group most affected was 21- 30 years. The most common cause of erythroderma was psoriasis(38.23%) followed by drug induced erythroderma(20.59%), atopic dermatitis, pityriasis rubra pilaris, scabies, congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma and others.

Keywords: Erythroderma, exfoliative dermatitis, etiology, epidemiology

[1] J Grant-Kels, F Fedeles, M J Rothe, Exfoliative dermatitis. In : Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine (McGraw Hill, New York, 2012)
[2] Hulmani M, NandaKishore B, Bhat M R, Sukumar D, Martis J, Kamath G, Srinath M K. Clinico- etiological study of 30 erythroderma cases from tertiary center in South India. Indian Dermatol Online Journal 2014;5:25-9
[3] Sarkar R, Garg VK. Erythroderma in children. Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology Leprology 2010;76:341-7

[4] Pal S, Haroon TS. Erythroderma: A clinico-etiologic study of 90 cases. International Journal of Dermatology 1998;37:104-7.

[5] Sehgal VN, Srivastava G, Sardana K. Erythroderma/exfoliative dermatitis: A synopsis. International Journal of Dermatology 2004;43:39-47

Abstract: Periodontitis is characterized by infection and inflammation of tooth supporting tissues. Even though pathogenic microorganisms are the primary etiological factor, the progression is modified by genetic factors of the individual. Many environmental factors such as smoking, inflammation, malnutrition are identified as risk factors. Epigenetic modifications occur in response to environmental changes which can affect gene expression and is not mediated by mutations. Recent research using genome wide analysis highlights that genetic variations are associated with an increased risk of periodontitis. Epigenetic drugs may provide an opportunity to develop tailor made therapies and enhance the effects of combination therapy.

Keyword:- dna methylation , environmental factors, epigenetics, genetics, periodontitis

[1]. Fischle W, Wang Y, Allis CD. Histone and chromatin crosstalk.Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2003;15:172– PubMed ;183.
[2]. Klose J R , Bird AP. Genomic DNA methylation: the mark and its mediators. TIBS.2006; 31: 89–97.
[3]. Razzouk S, Termechi O .Host genome, epigenome, and oral microbiome interactions: towards personalized periodontal therapy. J Periodontol . 2013;84: 1266-1271 PubMed .
[4]. Larsson L, Castilho RM, Giannobile WV. Epigenetics and its role in periodontal diseases-A-State-of- the-Art Review. J

[5]. Holliday R. Epigenetics: an overview. Dev Genet.1994;15:453-457 PubMed

Abstract: Background:Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is a type of bacteria responsible for widespread infections. Iron enters the stomach from the esophagus. Iron is oxidized to theFe3+state no matter its original from when taken in orally.H.pylori infection may disturbs some function of mucosa and leads to decrease in iron absorption. Objective: The purpose of this study was todetermine the association of Helicobacter pylori infection and Serum Ferritin levels. Materials and Methods:One hundred and twenty samples were included (60 samples ofh.pylori infected individuals and 60 samples of healthy individuals to be used as control) all of them were evaluated to determine serum ferritin levels. H.Pylori of the study participants was determined by using an immunochromatographic rabid test for the qualitative detection of h,pylori in human serum.........

Keywords: H.pylori, Serum ferritin, Sudan.,

[1]. Devrajani, B.R. S.A. Shah, A.A. Soomro and T. devrajani, 2010. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A risk factor for helicobacter pylori infection: A hospital based case-control study. J, Diab. Dev. Ctries, 30: 22-6.
[2]. McColl K, Helicobacter pylori infection, N Engl J Med 2010; 362:1597-604.
[3]. Weiss G: Iron metabolism in the anemia of chronic disease. BiochimBiophysActa 2009;1790:682–69.
[4]. Konno M, Muraoka S, Takahashi M, Imai T. Iron deficiency anemia associated with helicobacter pylori gastritis. J PedGastroentrolNutr. 2000;31:52–6.
[5]. TayyibeSaler, Fakir ÖzgürKeGkek, SibelKJrk, SüleymanAhbab, and GülayOrtoLlu. H. pylori May Not Be Associated with Iron Deficiency Anemia in Patients with Normal Gastrointestinal Tract Endoscopy Results. Advances in Hematology. 2014; 2014:1-4.

Abstract: Cervical dilatation before suction evacuation is probably the most critical step of the procedure. Various drugs have been used to achieve cervical ripening.This study compares the efficacy and complications of misoprostol and carboprost (125 microgram) in cervical ripening for first trimester abortion. Carboprost 250 micrograms is known to cause good cervical dilation but with severe gastrointestinal side effects .This study shows that low dose carboprost achieves comparable results but with very few sibe effects. When compared to misoprostol cervical dilation was more with less induction to abortion time and less blood loss.

[1]. Sedgh G , Singh S, Iqbal H Shah et al. Induced abortion worldwide in 2008: levels and trends. The Lancet, 2012; Feb, 379(9816): 625 – 32.
[2]. Kulier R, Gülmezoglu AM, Hofmeyr GJ, Cheng LN, Campana A. Medical methods for first trimester abortion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;2:CD002855. [PubMed]
[3]. Niinimäki M, Jouppila P, Martikainen H, Talvensaari-Mattila A. A randomized study comparing efficacy and patient satisfaction in medical or surgical treatment of miscarriage. Fertil Steril. 2006;86:367–72.[PubMed]
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[5]. Muralikrishnan Nambiar et al. Comparison of methylergometrine and carboprost for prophylaxis of postpartum haemorrhage.Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 2017;4(1):50-53.

Abstract: Radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy remains the treatment of choice for women with Stages IA2 and IB1 carcinoma of the cervix, and selected patients with Stage II endometrial cancer. Improvement in surgical techniqe, administration of prophylactic antibiotics, and advances in critical care medicine have resulted in lower operative morbidity associated with this procedure. Major urinary tract complications such as ureteric injury or vesico-vaginal fistula are now extremely rare (1%).This study was done to review retrospectively the outcome of modified type II radical hysterectomy in patients with carcinoma cervix upto stage IIa diagnosed clinically less extensive surgery resulted in better post operative outcome with survival rate comparable to extensive surgery. Five-year survival rates following this procedure vary according to a number of clinical and histologic variables, and may be as high as 90% in women without lymph node metastases...........

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Abstract: Loss of sight ranks second or third in people's perceptions after the most feared conditions of cognitive loss or cancer, hence importance for early diagnosis and treatment is required in which radiology plays important role.Ultrasonography is a simple and cost effective tool in investigating eye symptoms. It provides a detailed cross sectional anatomy of the entire globe. It is a rapid, non ionizing, cost effective imaging modality and provides real time display of the moving organ. It can be performed on outdoor patient without any use of anaesthetics or sedative therapy.

[1]. Bedi DG, Gombos DS, Ng CS, Singh S. Sonography of the eye. [1] AJR. 2006;87:1061-72. [2]. Ethlers JP et al, AM J Ophthalmol.2008 sep;146(3): 427-.E. Puodziuviene et al, ultrasound value in diagnosis, management and prognosis of severe eye injuries, ISSN 1392-2114 Ultragarsas, Nr.3(56).2005.
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[5]. Sharma OP. Orbital Sonography with its Clinico- Surgical Correlation.Ind J RadiolImag. 2005;15(4):537-54.

Abstract: Context: The gravest ocular manifestation, diabetic retinopathy is the most frequent and the earliest demonstrable evidence of complication of diabetes. Aims: The present study is to determine the relation of duration of diabetes and the ocular complication. Settings and Design: The study is done at a tertiary care hospital, South India. Methods and Material: A total number of 100 patients were studied. Results: The M:F ratio of 1:1, major age group between 50-59 years and majority of patients were NIDDM type and the maximum duration of diabetes was 6-10yrs. Conclusions: In this study the most notable complication seen with increasing duration of diabetes was NPDR. Other complications like corneal ulcer, extraocular muscle palsy, neovascular glaucoma, Xanthelesma, blepharitis and anterior ischemic neuropathy were recorded.

Key-words: diabetes, ocular, complications, duration, retinopathy

[1]. Williams R,Airey M, Baxter H et al: Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy and macular oedema:a systematic review. Eye 18:963-983,2004.
[2]. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Cruickshankas KJ: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of diabetic retinopathy. XIV. Ten-years incidence and progression of Diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 112:1217-1228,1994
[3]. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ: the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: XVII. The 14-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk factors in type 1 diabetic. Ophthalmology 105:1815,1998
[4]. Malone JI,Morrison AD, Pavan PR, Cuthbertson DD, Diabetes Control and Complications Trial: Prevalence and significance of retinopathy in subjects with type 1 diabetes of less than 5 years ' duration screened for the diabetes control and complications trial.Diabetes care 24:522-526, 2001.
[5]. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years. Arch Ophthalmol 1984; 102: 520– 526.

Abstract: Pseudoaneurysms of the Profunda Femoris Artery are rare, and their clinical assessment can be challenging due to the deep anatomical location of the vessel. Thus, computed tomography angiography imaging plays a vital role in establishing the diagnosis. However, in the presented case of a young man with the Profunda Femoris Artery branch pseudoaneurysm following a penetrating lower limb trauma, computed tomographic angiography findings were unremarkable. The diagnosis was confirmed by a digital subtraction angiography. Subsequent endovascular treatment was successful, and the patient has made a satisfactory recovery. Therefore, we feel it is important to report this case that highlights key aspects regarding management of the described pseudoaneurysm.

Key-words:Profunda Femoris Artery, pseudoaneurysm, trauma, computed tomography angiography, embolisation

[1]. N Patelis, A Koutsoumpelis, K Papoutsis, G Kouvelos, C Vergadis, A Mourikis, SE Georgopoulos.
[2]. Iatrogenic injury of profunda femoris artery branches after intertrochanteric hip screw fixation for intertrochanteric femoral fracture: a case report and literature review, Case Reports in Vascular Medicine, 2014, doi: 10.1155/2014/694235.
[3]. EH Sims, M Yamaguchi, MA Lou, AW Fleming. Injuries to the profunda femoris artery and its branches, Journal of National Medical Association, 76(4), 1984, 359-61.
[4]. HT-P Pilson, J Halvorson, RD Teasdall, AC Eben. Missed profunda artery injuries in two patients with penetrating lower extremity trauma, A case report, Injury Extra, 43(1), 2012, 6-8.
[5]. K Unay, O Poyanli, K Akan, A Poyanii. Profunda femoris artery pseudoaneurysm after surgery and trauma, Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstruction, 3(3), 2008, 127-9.

Abstract: The nasolabial cyst is a rare non-odontogenic cyst originating in maxillofacial soft tissues. These cysts are uncommon lesions located near the alar cartilage and extend to the inferior nasal meatus, superior alveo labial groove and floor of the nasal vestibule. These cyst appear as a swelling in the canine fossa, upper lip, gingivolabial sulcus, nasal alae and nasal vestibule7. With increasing size, nasoalveolar cyst may impinge on the antero inferior turbinate and push against the septum. Treatment consists of enucleation being preformed through intraoral access, with an incision in the vestibular sulcus. As the cyst walls are intimately related to the mucosa of the nasal floor in the majority of cases...............

Key-words: Nasolabial cyst, maxillary cysts, non-odontogenic cyst, developmental cyst, soft tissue cyst, Klestadt cyst

[1]. Zuckerkandl E. Normale und pathologische Anatomie der Nasenhohle. Vienna: W. Braunmuller; 1882.
[2]. Klestadt WD. Nasal cyst and facial cleft cyst theory. Ann Otol Rhinl Laryngol 1953;62:84-89.
[3]. Rao RV. Nasolabial cyst. J Laryngol Otol. 1955;69:353–4.
[4]. Crawford Jr WH, Korchin L, Greskovich Jr FJ. Nasolabial cysts:report of two cases. J Oral Surg. 1968;26:582–8.
[5]. Allard rhb. Nasolabial cyst. A review of the literature and report of cases. Int J Oral Surg. 1982; 11:351-359..

Abstract: Asthma is a complex, recurrent disease of the airways that causes shortness of breath , wheezing and cough( particularly at night or early in the morning). Asthma is episodic in nature and usually reversible, either spontaneously or with treatment. The present study was undertaken to assess the pulmonary function status of bronchial asthma patients. The results are based on 40 asthmatic patients and 40 healthy subjects ( Control group) in the age range of 20-70 years .To study pulmonary functions in asthmatic patients FEV1,FVC, FEV1/FVC RATIO recorded on each subject. Pulmonary function test was carried out using RMS Helios 401 spirometer, Chandigarh. The present study showed decreased lung function parameters in asthma patients as compared to control but the difference was statistically significant. So, knowledge of this study helpful in treatment of asthma

Key-words: Bronchial asthma, pulmonary function test, RMS Helios- 401 spirometer

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Abstract: Objectives. Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common diseases affecting both aged and young people. Physiotherapy provides effective non-pharmacologic intervention for knee OA. Evidence for inflammation in OA is good predictive factor of OA progressions. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of conventional Ultra Sound (US) and low level laser therapy (LLLT) on levels of inflammatory cytokines and histopathological changes in chemically-induced knee OA in rats. Methods. Eighteen male rats divided into three groups; (Lev) group treated with levofloxacin (Lev), (US) group treated with Lev plus US and (LLLT) group treated with Lev plus low level laser therapy. All animals received total of 200 mg injection of Lev. Total of ten sessions of US and laser applied.............

[1]. M. Attur, S. Krasnokutsky-Samuels, J. Samuels, S.B. Abramson. Prognostic biomarkers in osteoarthritis. CurrOpinRheumatol. 25(1), 2013, 136–44.
[2]. P. Wojdasiewicz, L.A. Poniatowski, D. Szukiewicz. The role of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Mediators of inflammation.Vol 2014, article ID 561459, 19 pages.
[3]. K. Lampropoulou-Adamidou, P. Lelovas, E.V. Karadimas, C. Liakou, I.K. Triantafillopoulos, I. Dontas, et al. Useful animal models for the research of osteoarthritis. Eur J OrthopSurgTraumatol. 24(3), 2014, 263–71.
[4]. R.W. Moskowitz, R.D. Altman, M.C. Hochberg, J.A. Buckwalter, V.M. Goldberg. Experimental models of osteoarthritis. In: Moskowitz RW, Goldberg VM, Hochberg MC, editors. Osteoarthritis: diagnosis and medical/surgical management. 4th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007:107-25.
[5]. C. Zeng, H. Li, T. Yang, Z.H. Deng, Y. Yang, Y. Zhang, X. Ding, G.H. Lei. Effectiveness of continuous and pulsed ultrasound for the management of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 22(8), 2014, 1090-9..

Abstract: Background: Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) /sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are an important public health problem: 6% of adult population in India has one or more RTI/STI. Approximately 30-35 million new episodes of RTI/STI occur every year in country. RTI/STI are an important cause of infertility. Roughly 21% pregnancies result in still birth and 9% in neonatal death due to untreated syphilis. Aims and Objectives: To study the prevalence of RTI/STI in women, to find out commonest RTI/STI and its correlation with HIV/VDRL and Pap Smear abnormality if any. Material & Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study undertaken for one year in 2294 consecutive women with RTI/STI in the age group of 15-49 years, attending the Gynaecology outpatient Department of a tertiary-care hospital in North India................

Key-words:Reproductive tract infections, Sexually transmitted infections, Vaginal discharge, Condom.

[1]. Elahee SMA, Muhmud S, Tanvir S, Rahman MZ, Breaking the silence : reproductive tract infections (RTIs) among women in slums of Khulna City, Bangladesh, Bangladesh, e-Journal of Sociology 2013; 10(2) : 119-34.
[2]. Sharma VK, Khanpur S. Epidemiology of Sexually transmitted diseases. In : Sharma VK, editor Sexually transmitted Diseases and AIDS, New Delhi : Viva Books Pvt. Ltd., 2003, p.11-2.
[3]. National Guidelines on Prevention Management and Control of Reproduction Tract Infections and Sexually Transmitted Infections, July 2014.
[4]. National Family Health Survey III 2005-2006, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India.
[5]. Sharma VK and Khandpur S. Changing patterns of Sexually transmitted infections in India, Natl Med J India 2004; 17(6) : 310-9..

Abstract: Inhalational anaesthesia is the most commonly employed technique in paediatric age group since it is associated with rapid induction and emergence. Halothane has been very popular as it is non-irritant and well tolerated by the upper airways. However, it can cause bradycardia, hypotension and arrhythmias. Sevoflurane, a newer inhalational agent, fulfils the advantageous properties of Halothane without the associated side effects and is becoming very popular as the inhalational agent of choice in paediatric surgery. Aim was to compare Halothane and Sevoflurane as inhalational agents in paediatric surgery with respect to Induction & Intubation time; Haemodynamic responses during induction and intubation...................

Key-words: Halothane, Induction, Intubation , Paediatric, Sevoflurane

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[5] Swadia VN, Patel MG. Comparison of Induction and Intubation Characteristics of Sevoflurane and Halothane in Paediatric Patients. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia 2001;45(4):294-297.

Abstract: Acute arsenic poisoning is uncommon, but inorganic arsenic exposure is worldwide. The highest affected areas are Bangladesh and West Bengal. Ground water most often gets contaminated due to agriculture and mining activities. Contributory factors include arsenic in the drinking water and through food. Inorganic arsenites(arsenic(III), in drinking water have a much higher acute toxicity than organic arsenates(arsenic(V). Arsenic interferes with cellular longevity by allosteric inhibition of essential metabolic enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, which catalyzes the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA by NAD. The common symptoms of arsenic poisoning include headache confusion, severe diarrhea, anddrowsiness. Acute symptoms may include diarrhea, vomiting, vomiting blood, blood in urine, and convulsions, Body organs affected are the lungs, skin, kidneys and liver, and eventuallycoma and death...................

Key-words: Arsenicpoisoning, Arsenicassociated cancer, Diagnosis, Therapy

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[4]. Mari F,PoletiniA,LippiD,etal.The mysterious death of Francesco 1 de'Medei and Bianca Cappello:an arsenic murder?.BMJ.2006;333(7582):1299-301.
[5]. Ericson Lars(2004).John III:enbiografi(in Swedis).Lund Historiska media.p.109.ISBN 91-85057-47-9..

Abstract: Background: As India strives to achieve Universal health coverage, improvement in Oral health care delivery with skilled and motivated dental health work force is necessary. A clear understanding of the dental work force situation is very critical to develop effective policies. The future of the dentistry lies in the hands of young dentists, their views and perceptions will definitely influence the upcoming dentistry. The aim of the present study is to investigate the career plans of prospective dental students. Material & Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on all the internees of three dental colleges in coastal area of Andhra Pradesh and collected the primary data. The collected data was subjected to statistical analysis to discover the views and anticipated career routes of prospective dental students............

Key-words: Career, Post graduate qualification, Questionnaire, Interns, Professional satisfaction

[1]. Stewart FM, Drummond JR, Carson L and Hoad Reddick G. A Survey of dental school applicants' career intentions and the balance with family life.Br Dent J 2005;198: 713-717
[2]. Gallagher J, Patel R, Donaldson N, Wilson N. Why dentistry? A quantitative study of final year dental students' views on their professional career. BMC Oral health 2007;7
[3]. Brand A, Chikte U. Choosing dentistry as a career: part1- a comparison of student motives. J Dent Assoc South Africa 1992; 47(11): 469-73
[4]. Brand A, Chikte U. Choosing dentistry as a career: part11- the meaning of motives. J Dent Assoc South Africa 1992; 47(12): 509-12
[5]. Gallagher JE, Clarke W, Eaton KA, Wilson NHF. Dentistry professional contained career in health care: a qualitative study of vocational dental practitioners' professional expectations.BMC Oral Health 2007;7:16.

Abstract: This study investigated the significance of symmetry and non-symmetry stenosis effects of blood flow and quantifies some of the most relevant non Newtonian characteristics of blood flow in blood vessels. The models studied in this work are the Newtonian and Non-Newtonian (Oldroyd-B) models, as well as their generalized (shear-thinning) modifications. The governing system of equations is based on incompressible Navier-Stokes equations which are generalized to take into account viscoelasticity and shear-thinning properties of blood flow. Finite element method is used for the solution of the governing system of equations. Mathematical tests are performed on an idealized symmetric stenosis and a realistic stenosed carotid bifurcation reconstructed from medical images.................

Key-words: Blood flow, Oldroyd-B model, Finite element method, stenosis cavity, viscoelasticity, shearthinning

[1] Anand, M., Rajagopal, K. R., "A shear-thinning viscoelastic fluid model for describing the flow of blood", International Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Vol. 4 (2), 2004, pp.59–68.
[2] COMSOL Multiphysics, 4.3a users guide, 2013
[3] Dechaumphai, P., Adaptive finite element technique for heat transfer problems, Energy, Heat & Mass transfer, 17(2) .1995, 87-94.
[4] Dechaumphai, P., Finite Element Method in Engineering (Bangkok, Chulalongkorn University Press, 1999)
[5] D' Elia, M., Perego, M., Veneziani A., "A variational Data Assimilation procedure for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in hemodynamics", J. Sci. Comput., Vol. 52(2), 2011, pp. 340-359.

Abstract: Purpose: is to study various Clinical aspects and Histopathological features of pterygium. Pterygium represents a triangular conjunctivo–epithelial overgrowth, proliferating from the bulbar conjunctiva and covering the cornea, causing severe vision loss. It is an abnormal growth and differentiation of the conjunctival epithelial structures of the corneal limbus. Chronic exposures to solar ultraviolet radiation, heat and dust as the most common pathogenic entities involved in its evolution. Recent studies linked pterygium with neoplastic proliferation, as ocular limbic stem cells and p53-protein expression are altered. Materials and Methods: Our study was conducted on 30 patients diagnosed with pterygium they were first clinically examined and their specimen , collected after surgery following admission of patients between February 2017 and April 2017 in the Departments of Ophthalmology of MLB Medical College Jhansi. Then histolopathological studies were performed on these specimens. Results:...............

Key-words: pterygium, goblet cells, clinical presentation, histopathology.

[1]. Wong TY, Foster PJ, Johnson GJ, Seah SK, Tan DT, The prevalence and risk factors for pterygium in an adult Chinese population in Singapore: the Tanjong Pagar Survey, Am J Ophthalmol, 2001, 131(2):176–183.
[2]. Detels R, Dhir SP, Pterygium: a geographical study, Arch Ophthalmol, 1967, 78(4):485–491.
[3]. Chui J, Di Girolamo N, Wakefield D, Coroneo MT, The pathogenesis of pterygium: current concepts and their therapeutic implications, Ocul Surf, 2008, 6(1):24–43.
[4]. Khurana AK,Khurana B,Comprehensive Ophthalmology fifth Edition :70-81
[5]. Tan DT, Lim AS, Goh HS, Smith DR, Abnormal expression of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in conjunctiva of patients with pterygium, Am J Ophthalmol, 1997, 123(3):404–405.

Abstract: Acinetobacter are free living gram-negative coccobacilli that emerge as significant nosocomial pathogens in the hospital setting and are responsible for intermittent outbreaks in the intensive care unit. The rising prevalence of Acinetobacter infection in the intensive care units ( ICUs) causes a great concern due to their extraordinary ability to develop resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics. The aim of the study was to determine the risk factors for Acinetobacter infections among patients who admitted into the ICU at King Khalid hospital, in Najran, KSA. A total of 160 patients were recruited for this study during the period from Aug. 2016 to April. 2017. Tracheal aspirate, sputum, catheter urine specimen, and blood culture were collected aseptically from the patients. The specimens were cultured on blood agar and Herellea agar and identification of clinical isolates was performed by classical bacteriological techniques.............

Key-words:ICU patients, Acinetobacter, Risk factors

[1]. Sultat R, Charurat S and Termkiat K: Acinetobacter infection in the ICU. J Infect Dis Antimicrob; 2005; 22(2);77-92.
[2]. Maragakis L, Perl TM: Acinetobacter baumannii: epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, and treatment options. Clinical infectious diseases. 2008, 46 (8): 1254-1263.
[3]. Playford EG, Craig JC, Iredell JR: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in intensive care unit patients: risk factors for acquisition, infection and their consequences. The Journal of hospital infection. 2007, 65 (3): 204-211.

[4]. Jang TN, Lee SH, Huang CH, Lee CL, Chen WY: Risk factors and impact of nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infections in the adult intensive care unit: a case-control study. The Journal of hospital infection. 2009, 73 (2): 143-150.

[5]. Lee S, Kim NJ, Choi S, Kim TH, Chung J, Woo J, Ryu J, Kim YS: Risk factors for acquisition of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: a case-control study. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2004, 48 (1): 224-228..

Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis remain a worldwide public health problem despite the fact that the causative organism was discovered more than 100 years ago and highly effective drugs and vaccine available making tuberculosis a preventable and curative disease. India is highest tuberculosis burden country in the world in the term of absolute number of incident cases that occurs each year. Aims and objectives- To study sociodemographic profile of pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending DOTS centre. Material and method: A cross-sectional, descriptive and community based study was conducted at field practice area(Kanke Block) of RIMS, Ranchi. A total of 300 patients of age group 14 years and above were included in the study. Pre tested, semi structured questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were entered in MS excel and analysed in spss software.................

Key-words: Sociodemographic, Tuberculosis, Dots centre

[1]. Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) Jharkhand 2013.Jharkhand Rural Health Mission Society-TB control Programme. Available at RNTCP% 20 Jharkhand % 202013.pdf
[2]. World health Organization WHO Report 2008. Global Tuberculosis Control Surveillance, Planning, Financing. Geneva2008.
[3]. WHO fact sheet on Tuberculosis. http : // www.who.int/ media centre/factsheets/fs 104/en/index.html.
[4]. Park K. Park's textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine. K Park; 23nd edition; Banarsi Das Bhanot publishers, Jabalpur, India 2015.
[5]. Fitzgerald D and has DW. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. In Mandall GL, Bennet JE and Dolin R (Editors) Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious, Disease.6th Edition Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. Philadelphia 2005:2852-2886

Abstract: Menopause is a natural physiological mechanism in a women's body wherein she stops menstruating. Post menopausal bleeding is generally regarded as an ominous and serious alarm of genital pathologies. Post Menopausal Bleeding is a vaginal bleeding following women last menstrual cycle, which is considered an episode of bleeding ≥12 months after her last period. It may be heavy bleeding , spotting, or just a normal menstruation. It constitutes 73% of all gynecological disorders in older women. It is common problem that affects 1 in 10 post menopausal female older than 55 year...............

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Abstract: Mandibular premolars are oftenly considered as enigma to the endodontist. The mandibular premolars have high flare-up and highest failure rates because of extreme variations in root canal morphology. The clinicians should be aware of the presence of anatomical variations in the teeth during endodontic treatment. The aim of this case report is to describe the diagnosis and treatment of the cases of mandibular premolars with single root with bifurcating canals at apical third level.

Key-words: endodontic, mandibular premolar, bifurcation

[1]. Vertuccci FJ. Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1984, 58,589-599.
[2]. Cleghorn BM, Christie WH, Dong CC. The root and root canal morphology of the human mandibular second premolar: a literature review. J Endod 2007;33:1031-1037.
[3]. Slowey RR. Root canal anatomy. Road map to successful endodontics. Dent Clin North Am 1979;23:555–73.
[4]. Ingle J, Bakland L. Endodontics, 5th ed. Hamilton: BC Decker, 2002.
[5]. England MC Jr, Hartwell GR, Lance JR. Detection and treatment of multiple canals in mandibular premolars. J Endod 1991;17:174–8.
[6]. Ricucci D, Siqueira6.