iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2017

Abstract: Perforation in the furcalarea is the most common iatrogenic error caused while looking for extra canals during access cavity preparation. Successful management of perforation depends on many factors including location of perforation, time delay, previous contamination, ability to seal the defect1. If not managed successfully, prognosis is poor. Perforation repair poses more difficulty to the operator when tooth has anatomical variations. The present case report describes perforation repair in mandibular molar with five canals.

Keywords: MTA, Perforation repair, Mandibular molar with five canals

[1]. Ingle JI. Endodontics. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 1985
[2]. Sinai IH. Endodontic perforations: their prognosis and treatment. J Am Dent Assoc 1977;95:90 –5. 3. Fuss Z, Trope M.
[3]. Root perforations: classification and treatment choices based on prognostic factors. Endod Dent Traumatol 1996;12:255– 64.
[4]. Seltzer S, Sinai I, Augusr D. Periodontal effects of root perforations before and during endodontic procedures. J Dent Res 1970;49:332–9.
[5]. Leonardo MR. Aspectosanatômicos da cavidadepulpar: relações com o tratamento de canaisradiculares. In: Leonardo MR, Leal JM, eds. Endodontia: tratamento de canaisradiculares. 3rd ed. São Paulo: Panamericana; 1998. p. 191.

Abstract: Background: Type-2 diabetes mellitus is an increasingly common metabolic abnormality associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications, one of which is diabetic retinopathy which is the most common cause of visual loss in adults in the developed countries. Atherogenic lipoproteins such as total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, oxidized low density lipoprotein, and triglycerides are associated with progression of retinopathy. Aim: To evaluate the relationship between lipoprotein A, Lp(a) and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus..............

Keywords: Lp(a), Diabetic retinopathy, Microvascular, Macrovascular, Triglycerides, Dyslipidemia

[1]. Zheng Y, He M, Congdon N. The Worldwide epidemic of diabetic retinopathy. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 60(5), Sept.-Oct. 2012, 428-431.

[2]. Kempen JH, O'Colmain BJ, Leske MC, Haffner SM, Klein R, Moss SE et al. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among adults in the United States. Archives of Ophthalmology, 122(4), 2004,552–563.

[3]. Powers AC; Diabetes mellitus, In : Braunwald (ed.): Harrison's principles of internal medicine 2, 18th edn. New York; McGraw Hill 2012;2152.

[4]. Newfield RS, Polak M, Marchase R, Czernichow P. Epidemiology and genetics of diabetic complications. Diabetologia,40(3),1997,B62–B64.

[5]. Hohman TC, Nishimura C, Robison Jr. WG. Aldose reductase and polyol in cultured pericytes of human retinal capillaries. Experimental Eye Research, 48(1),1989,55–60..

Abstract: Health needs assessment is an important component in health care planning. It provides a platform to systemically assess unmet health and health care needs and to collect data required in improving health of the population. The traditional normative need approach for lacking in its objectivity and reliability, for ignoring the concept of quality of life and for disregarding scientific evidence, there is a need to develop appropriate measure of oral health needs which would incorporate the impact of ill-health on daily life, the degree of dysfunction it causes and the perceptions and attitudes of patients which would provide a better division of resources in providing care. This research highlights thesociodental approach, which is conceptually appropriate as it correspond to broader concepts of health and needs. This approach conforms to the modern, theoretical, multifactorial approach for the assessment of oral health care needs.

Keywords-:Need, Sociodental, Demand

[1]. Bradshaw, J. Taxonomy of social need. In G. McLachlan (ed) Problems and progress in medical care: Essays on current research, seventh series 1972. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[2]. Thayer, R. (1973). Measuring need in the social services. Soc Policy Admin 1973; 7: 91-105. The Institute for Research of Public Expenditure (2006). Innovation in dental care: recommendations. Leiden, the Netherlands: Secretariat of the Innovation in Dental Care Committee.
[3]. Spencer AJ. The estimation of need for dental care. J Public Health Dent 1980; 40(4): 311-27.
[4]. Acheson RM. The definition and identification of need for health care. J Epidemiol Community Health 1978; 32(1): 10-5.
[5]. Billings JR and Cowley S. Approaches to community needs assessment: a literature review. J AdvNurs 1995; 22(4): 721-30.

Abstract: Introduction: To study cytomorphological changes in various ocular surface disorders and find out the sensitivity, specificity and the diagnostic accuracy of impression cytology Materials and Methods: sixty patients were included in this study. Out of these 60 cases, 18 cases having vitamin A deficiency (VAD), 16 cases are having vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), 20 of dry eye and 6 of chemical burn. Impression cytology was performed with each patient and the results were noted. Patients were examined for goblet cell density in the form of clumping of goblet cells and degree of squamous metaplasia in terms of loss of cell cohesion, altered cell morphology and keratinisation............

Keywords-: Impression cytology; Vitamin-A deficiency; Vernalkeratoconjunctivitis; Dry eye; Chemicalinjury

[1]. Tseng SC, Tsubota K (1997) Important concepts for treating ocular surface and tear disorders. Am J Opthalmol 124: 825-835.
[2]. Thoft RA, Wiley LA, Sundarraj N (1989) Themultipotential cells of the limbus. Eye (Lond) 3: 109-113
[3]. Egbert PR, Lauber S, Maurice DM (1977) A simple conjunctival biopsy. Am J Ophthalmol 84: 798-801
[4]. Mc Kelvie P (2003) Ocular surface impression cytology. AdvAnatpathol 10: 328-337.
[5]. Nolan GR (2004) Overview of cytology of OSSN with special reference to impression cytology, ophthalmic pathology for general anatomic pathologists. Pathol International 54: S397-S400

Abstract: Introduction : Hypocalcemia is the most common complication following Thyroidectomy and hence it should be anticipated and prevented. This study aims at finding the incidence of immediate hypocalcemia following Total Thyroidectomy (TT) and to find its relation with age. Materials and methods: The aim of this prospective single cohort study was to find the incidence of hypocalcemia in patients who underwent TT in our institution over a period of one year and to study the correlation between age and the incidence of hypocalcemia in these patients. We studied 103 patients. All of them underwent TT for benign Thyroid diseases and were postoperatively followed up for three consecutive days by clinical examination and serum estimation of Calcium to detect hypocalcemia............

Keywords-: Total Thyroidectomy, Hypocalcemia, Age.

[1]. Predictors of hypocalcemia after total/near total thyroidectomy. Kara M, Telloglu G, Krand O, Fersahoglu T, Berber I, Erdogdu E,
Ozel L, Titiz MI. Surg today. 2009; 39(9): 752-7. PMID 19779770.
[2]. Metabolic complications of thyroid surgery Hypocalcemia and hypothyroidism, hypocalcitonemia and hypothyroidism and
hyperthyroidism. Falk SA Thyroid diseases 2nd edition. New York.
[3]. Complications of thyroid surgery, How to avoid them and observation on their possible effect on whole patient. Reeve T, Thomson
NW, World J Surg 2000;
[4]. Parathyroid function in early post operative period after thyroidectomy. Lemaire FX, Debruyne F, Delare P. Acta otorhinolaryngol
Belg. 2001;55(5) 187-97. PMID 11441478.
[5]. Parathyroid preservation during total thyroidectomy. Saha AR, Jeffe BM. Am J Otolaryngol 1998;19(2);113-7. PMID 9550443.

Abstract: Pancreatic neoplasms might be benign or malignant. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of malignancy. Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm constitutes about <1-2% of pancreatic neoplasm. It usually arises from head and tail of pancreas. They are usually asymptomatic. Diagnosed by CT scan of abdomen. The pathognomonic feature in histological diagnosis is presence of pseudo papillary arrangement of bland appearing tumor cells. They are usually benign with 20% low grade malignant potential. They have very good prognosis compared to Adenocarcinoma even in the presence of distant metastasis with surgical resection................

[1]. Dagadi A, SerioG.Pancreatectomiaintermedia. Vol XI , 1984, p 850
[2]. Rotman N Sastre B, Fagnioez PL. Medial pancreatectomy for tumors of neck of pancreas1993 ;113:532
[3]. Maria A. Johnson ,ShanmugasundaramRajendran . Central pancreatectomy for benign pancreatic pathology; anzJ . Surg.2006 ;
76:987-995
[4]. Blumgart surgery of the liver biliary tract and pancreas; 5E ; vol 1: 945-959
[5]. Claudio bassi . Middle segment pancreatectomy : A useful tool in management of pancreatic neoplasms ; J gastrointestsurg (2007)
11: 421-424

Abstract: Diagnosis of periodontal disease mainly depends on clinical signs and symptoms. However, in the case of bone destruction, radiographs are valuable diagnostic tools as an adjunct to the clinical examination. Two dimensional periapical and panoramic radiographs are routinely used for diagnosing periodontal bone levels. In two dimensional imaging, evaluation of bone craters,lamina dura and periodontal bone level is limitedby projection geometry and superimpositions of adjacent anatomical structures. These limitations of 2D radiographs can be eliminated by the use of three-dimensional imaging techniques such as computed tomography. Cone beam computed tomography............

Keywords-: Cone beam computed tomography, Periodontics, Radiology, Dentistry, Oral diagnosis

[1]. Marjorie K. Jeffcoat, I.-Chung Wang,Michael S. Reddy; Radiographic diagnosis in periodontics, Perio 2000;1995; 7 (1):54–68
[2]. EF Corbet, DKL Ho, SML Lai Radiographs in periodontal disease diagnosis andmanagement.Australian Dental Journal2009; 54:(1 Suppl): S27–S43
[3]. White SC, PharoahMJ.Oralradiology:principles and interpretation (United States,Elsevier Health Sciences;2014)
[4]. Clinical Applications of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Dental Practice;J Can Dent Assoc 2006; 72(1):75–80

Abstract: A total of 142 metatarsal bones of unknown age and sex were examined for the length of the bone and number & position of the nutrient foramen. Study also included the direction of nutrient foramina and it's distances from both the ends . It was observed that almost all the Metatarsals had one nutrient foramen in the middle third of their shaft In 5th Metatarsals majority of foramina were situated on the medial surface whereas in other metatarsals the foramen were mostly situated on the lateral surface. Invariably all foramina were directed away from the growing ends of the bone

Keywords-: Metatarsal, nutrient foramen, nutrient vessel, short long bone

[1]. Standring, S. 2005. Gray‟s Anatomy. The anatomical basis of clinical practice. 39th edition. Edinburgh: Elsevier, Churchill
Livingstone; 1520-2. Wood Jones, F. 1946. Buchanan‟s Manual of Anatomy. London: Bailliere, Tindall and Cox; 310, 367.
[2]. Snell, R.S. 2007. Clinical Anatomy by Systems. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 358.
[3]. Patake, S.M., Mysorekar, V.R. 1977. Diaphysial nutrient foramina in human metacarpals and metatarsals. J Anat 124(Pt 2): 299-
304.
[4]. Menck J, Döbler A, Döhler JR, Vaskularisation des Humerus, Langenbeck‟s Arch Surg, 1997, 382(3):123–127.
[5]. Taylor GI, Fibular transplantation. In: Serafin D, Bunke HJ (eds), Microsurgical composite tissue transplantation, C.V. Mosby
Co., St. Louis, 1979, 418–423.s

Abstract: Health workforce planning is important as the right mix of quantity and type of personnel will facilitate provision of care by the most appropriate personnel and hopefully improve the population's oral health at regional, provincial and national levels. Numerous workforce models have been developed to assist oral health planners in deciding the appropriate number and the proper mix of human resource skills. The method chosen to estimate workforce requirement reflects the political and economic choices and social values of a health system.............

Keywords-: Manpower, need, demand, workforce planning

[1]. Clark PF, Stewart JB, Clark DA. Migration and recruitment of healthcare professionals: causes, consequences and policy responses. Policy Brief. Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWI), The German Federal Agency for Civic Education (bpb) and Network Migration in Europe. No. 7, August, 2007. Available from: http://www.hwwi.org/uploads/tx_wilpubdb/PB07_Health.pdf. Accessed 8 May 2013.
[2]. Dal Poz M, Kinfu Y, Drager S et al. Counting health workers: definitions, data, methods and global results. Background paper prepared for working together for health: the World Health Report 2006. Available from: http://www.who.int/hrh/documents/counting_health_workers.pdf. Accessed 8 May 2013.
[3]. Gallagher JE, Wilson NH. The future dental workforce? Br Dent J 2009 206: 195–199. Available at: http://www.nature. com/bdj/journal/v206/n4/full/sj.bdj.2009.114.html. Accessed 20 February 2013.
[4]. Guide to workforce planning at the Department of Energy. Human Capital Management Strategic Planning and Vision, September 2005. Available at: http://humancapital.doe.gov/ resources/GuideWorkforcePlan.pdf. Accessed 14 February 2013.
[5]. Workforce Planning Instruction Manual. U.S. Department of the Interior Office of Personnel Policy, August 2001.

Abstract: Ethnicity is an important factor known to impact the biology and outcome of many pancreatic diseases. An important feature distinguishing multidetector computed tomography CT is the increased speed of scanning that permits routine use of very thin collimation. The objectives of this study are to establish a population database for pancreas length and width using (CT) scan from ages of 13 to 80years old, as well as to study the impact of age on pancreatic measurements.We measured pancreas length and width in 50 normal subjects with no history of pancreas disease who had undergone abdominal CT scan between 2015 and 2016. Pancreas measured............

Keywords-: Pancreas, measurements, Computed tomography

[1]. Slack J. M. W. (1995) Developmental biology of the pancreas Development 121, 1569-1580 Printed in Great Britain © The
Company of Biologists Limited 1995
[2]. Acar M, Degirmenci B, Tatli S. (2010)Short pancreas: evaluation with multi-detector row CT. Surg Radiol Anat;32: 853-8.
[3]. Vesterhus M, Haldorsen IS, Ræder H, Molven A, Njølstad PR. (2008)Reduced Pancreatic Volume in Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor
1A-Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol; 93: 3505-9.
[4]. Balthazar EJ, Megibow AJ, Pozzi Mucelli R (2009) Imaging of the pancreas. Acute and chronic pancreatitis. Springer, Berlin.
[5]. Goda K, Sasaki E, Nagata K, Fukai M, Ohsawa N, Hahafusa T (2001) Pancreatic volume in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Acta Diabetol 38:145–149

Abstract: This is a case of a 2 year old boy who presented with a history of sudden onset but progressively worsening symptoms of cough, respiratory difficulty and wheezing for 4 weeks. Chest X-ray revealed nearly complete opacity of the right hemithorax, while axial and coronal C.T. Scan images confirmed the presence of a huge extensive right sided hypodense (solid) intrapulmonary mass displacing the mediastinum and compressing the left lung. Histology following incisional biopsy confirmed a type III, pleuro- pulmonary blastoma.

[1]. Papaioannou G, Sebire NJ, McHugh K, Imaging of the unusual pediatric blastomas; Cancer Imaging 2009; 9: 1-11.
[2]. Naffaa LN, Donnelly LF. Imaging findings in pleuropulmonary blastoma. Pediatr Radiol. 2005; 35:387-391.
[3]. Lone AR, Wani ML, Wani SN, Ahangar A, Nizami F, Hussain Z et al. Pleuropulmonary blastomain a 3-year-old male child with recurrence in less than two months; Chest Disease Report 2012; 2: 29-30

Abstract: Background: To know the adverse pregnancy outcome in term pregnancy with oligohydramnios. (AFI <5) Materials & Methods: A case control study on pregnancy outcome in 50 women with the ultrasound diagnosis of oligohydramnios after 37 completed weeks of gestation compared with 50 controls without oligohydramnios matched with age, parity & gestational age. Results: The selected outcomes showed significant variations in both groups. There were increased chances of non-reactive NST, thick meconium stained liquor, low APGAR Score at 5 min, low birth weight (<2.5 kg) & NICU admission in pregnancies with oligohydramnios at terms. Conclusion: An AFI of < 5cm detected after 37 completed weeks of gestation is an indicator of poor pregnancy outcome. Determination of AFI can be used as an adjunct to other fetal surveillance methods. Determining of AFI is a valuable screening test for predicting fetal distress in labor requiring caesarean section.

[1]. Phelan JP, Smith CV, Broussard P, Small M. Amniotic fluid volume assessment with the four-quadrant technique at 36-42 weeks' gestation. J Reprod Med 1987;32:540-2.
[2]. Divon MY, Marks AD, Henderson CE. Longitudinal measurement of amniotic fluid index in post-term pregnancies and its association with fetal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;172:142-6.
[3]. Grubb DK, Paul RH. Amniotic fluid index and prolonged antepartum fetal Grubb DK, Paul RH. Amniotic fluid index and prolonged antepartum fetal heart rate decelerations. Obstet Gynecol 1992;79:558-60.
[4]. Chauhan SP, Sanderson M, Hendrix NW. Magann EF, Devoe LD. Perinatal outcome and amniotic fluid index in the antepartum and intrapartum periods: A meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;181:1473-8.
[5]. Leeman L, Almond D. Isolated oligohydramnios at term: Is induction indicated ? J Fam Pract 2005;54:25-32,

Abstract: Pirfenidone (PFD) is a non-peptide synthetic molecule issued as a broad-spectrum anti-fibrotic drug with the ability to decrease TGF-β1, TNF-α, PDGF and COL1A1 expression, which is highly related to prevent or remove excessive deposition of scar tissue in several organs. Basic and clinical evidence suggests that PFD may safely slow or inhibit the progressive fibrosis swelling after tissue injuries. Furthermore, a number of evidence suggests that this molecule will have positive effects in the treatment of other inflammatory diseases. This review contains current research in which PFD has been used as the treatment of several diseases, and focus mainly in the outcomes related to improve inflammation and fibrogenesis. Therefore, the main goal of this review is to focus on the novel findings of PFD efficacy rather than deepen in the chemical aspects of the molecule.

[1]. Huang NY, Ding L, Wang J, Zhang QY, Liu X, Lin HD, Hua WY. Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of pirfenidone and its major metabolite after single and multiple oral doses in healthy Chinese subjects under fed conditions. Drug Res. 2013;63:388-95

[2]. Macias-Barragan J, Sandoval-Rodríguez AS, Navarro-Partida J, Armendariz-Borunda J. The multifaceted role of pirfenidone and its novel targets.Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair. 2010;3:16

[3]. Paz Z, Shoenfeld Y; Antifibrosis. To reverse the irreversible. Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol. 2010;38:276-86

[4]. Zamara E, Novo E, Parola M. Oxidative stress and liver fibrosis: from liver injury to the modulation of cell signaling and response. Ali S, Mann DA, Friedman SL, eds. Liver Diseases: Biochemical Mechanisms and New Therapeutic Insights Enfield, NH, USA: Science Publishers 2004:93-114

[5]. Salazar-Montes A, Ruiz-Corro L, López-Reyes A, Castrejón-Gómez E, Armendáriz-Borunda J. Potent antioxidant role of pirfenidone in experimental cirrhosis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008;24:69-77

Abstract: Aging is a biological, inevitable and irreversible process. The actual definition of old age however lacks general acceptance as it varies across various societies. In developed countries, the age of 65 years is generally accepted because this is the age at which these persons qualify for old-age social security benefits. In sub-Saharan Africa which is burdened with low life expectancy coupled with uncertainty in the chronological age, a much lower reference age may be considered more appropriate. The United Nation therefore agreed that the cutoff of 60+ years as the definition of elderly population.1 By the 2013 bureau of statistics report, the 60 years and above age group accounted for about 4% of the Nigerian population.2 This group however constitute a vulnerable portion of the populace with a high prevalence of chronic diseases, physical disabilities, mental illnesses and other co-morbidities...............

[1]. https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/UNFPA-Report-Chapter 1.pdf. 2013 bureau of statistics report.
[2]. Boutayeb A, Boutayeb S. The burden of non-communicable diseases in developing countries. Int J Equity Health. 2005;4:2
[3]. Mba CJ. Population ageing in Ghana: Research gaps and the way forward. Journal of Ageing Research. 2010. Article ID 672157. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/672157.P1-8
[4]. Murray CJL, Lopez AD (1997) Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study. The Lancet 349: 1269–1276.
[5]. Omoju TW, Abraham TW. Youth bulge and demographic dividend in Nigeria. African Population Studies.2014. 27(2):352-5.

Abstract: Adenomatoid tumor is a rare benign tumor of the paratesticular tissues of mesothelial origin which most commonly involves epididymis in males and also found in the female genital tract. On presentation in males, as a scrotal swelling it is difficult to differentiate it from other testicular neoplasms clinically. Hence histopathological examination and IHC studies are important for diagnostic confirmation. Because of its rarity we discuss the clinical and histopathological aspects. Herein we report a case of 45 years male, who presented with 1 year history of scrotal swelling. A clinical diagnosis of testicular neoplasm was suggested. Surgical excision was performed and the histopathological examination was consistent with Adenomatoid tumor and confirmed by IHC studies.

Keywords: Adenomatoid tumor, Epididymis, Histopathological, IHC.

[1]. Moyano CJL, Giraldez PJ, Sanchez de la Vega J, et al. Adenomatoid tumor of the epididymis. Actas Urol Esp 31; 2007:417-419.
[2]. Eble J.N., Sauter G., Epstein J.I., Sesterhenn I.A. (Eds.): World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Pathology and genetics of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs. IARC Press: Lyon 2004.
[3]. Horstman WG, Sands JP, Hooper DG. Adenomatoid tumor of testicle. Urology 40; 1992:359-61.
[4]. Rosai J. Male reproductive system. In: Rosai J, editor. Rosai and Ackerman's Surgical Pathology. Mosby: St, Louis, 2005;1361-1482.
[5]. Timonera ER, Paiva ME, Lopes JM et al. Composite adenomatoid tumor and myelolipoma of adrenal gland: report of 2 cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med 132; 2008:265-7.

Abstract: Hemorrhoidal disease being a common problem is better answered by a hemorrhoidectomy. A total number of 68 cases of hemorrhoids, with complaints of bleeding per rectum, pain during defecation, mass per rectum with discharge and irritation were taken up for operation. Patients were selected after recording a detailed history, dietary habits, a thorough clinical assessment to rule out any co-morbidities. A repeat DRE and proctoscopy was routinely done in the ward after a preparation of the rectum..............

Keywords: Hemorrhoidectomy, Open Milligan Morgan, Closed Ferguson, DRE

[1]. S. P. Agbo, Surgical Management of Hemorrhoids, J Surg Tech Case Rep. 2011 Jul-Dec; 3(2): 68–75
[2]. B.K.Sharma, Ashish Bakiliwal , M.K.Solanki.A Comparative study of open (Milligan – Morgan) versus closed (Ferguson)
Haemorrhoidectomy – Our experiences ,IOSR-JDMS, volume 15,Issue 4 ver XII ,April 2016,pp 27-30.
[3]. Rajasekar M,Jasmine et al, Comparative Study Of Outcome Of Open Vs Closed Hemorrhoidectomy Vs Rubber Band, IOSR
Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 16, Issue 3 Ver. IX
(March. 2017), PP 29-34
[4]. Norman S. Williams, Anus and anal canal, Bailey and Love's Short practice of surgery. 26th Ed. Edward Arnold publishers`Ltd;
2013:1251-57.
[5]. Muhammad Khurram Zia et al, Outcome of closed Ferguson's hemorrhoidectomy vs open Milligan Morgan hemorrhoidectomy Pak
J Surg 2014; 30(2): 128-131

Abstract: Bleeding disorders may present during the neonatal period. However,absent patient history along with unique physical signs, physiologically decreased levels of plasma proteins and laboratory variations of platelet function tests leads to difficulty in diagnosis. Aims and objective: The aim of study is to know the etiology of neonatal bleeding at our centre and its relation with obstetric complications. Material and Methods: This prospective study was carried out in department of paediatrics, Patna medical college and hospital, Patna from june 2012 to September 2014. One hundred ten neonates having complain of bleeding were included in this study...............

Keywords: Pregnancy induced hypertension, Obstetric care, Septicaemia, Birth asphyxia

[1]. Vth International Neonatal Hematology and Immunology Meeting, Brescia, Italyhaematologica reports] 2006;2(10):66-70
[2]. Schulte R et al.Rise in late onset vitamin k deficiency bleeding in young infants because of omission or refusal of prophylaxis at birth. Pediatr neurol 2014;50;
[3]. Monagle P, Barnes C, Ignjatovic V et al. Developmental haemostasis.
[4]. Motta M, Tincani A, Lojacono A et al. Neonatal outcome in patients with rheumatic disease. Lupus 2004;13: 718–23 3.
[5]. G. Kenet, A. K. C. Chan, J. M. Soucie and R. Kulkarni. Bleeding disorders in neonates Haemophilia (2010), 16 (Suppl. 5), 16

Abstract: Introduction: Intracranial tumors comprise of diverse group of lesions. The high morbidity and mortality associated with them necessitates their diagnosis so as to plan of management. MRI is crucial in making the diagnosis, determining the best course of management, monitoring response to therapy and increasingly in trying to predict prognosis. Aims and Objective: To assess the contribution of multimodal MRI techniques and their diagnostic accuracy in brain tumors with histopathology as gold standard references. To estimate the concordance between the histopathological diagnosis and diagnosis provided by conventional MRI and multimodality MRI..............

[1]. Adamnsion C, Kanu OO, Mehta Al et al. Glioblastoma multiforme: A review where we have been and where we are going .Expert
Opin Investing Drugs 2009;18(8):1061-1083.
[2]. Van den Bent MJ, Afra D, de Witte O, et al. Long-term efficacy of early versus delayed radiotherapy for low-grade astrocytoma and
oligodendroglioma in adults: the CORTC 22845 randomised trial.
a. Lancet 200;366(9490):985-990.
[3]. Zonari P , Baraldi P, Crisi G. Mulimodal MRI in Charactarisation of glial tumors : The combined role of single voxel MR
spectroscopy , diffusion imaging and echo planer imaging .Neuroradiology 2007;49 (10):795-803
[4]. Fayad N,Davila J MEDrano J, et al malignancy assessment of brain tumors with magnetic resonance spectroscopy and dynamic
susceptibility contrast MRI .Eur J Radiol 2008;67(3:427-433
[5]. Schellinger PD ,Meinck HM, ThronA. Diagnostic accuracy of MRI compared to CCT in patients with brain metastasis.J
Neurooncol 1999;44(3);275-281

Abstract: Introduction: Over the past few decades, there has been a rise in the rates of caesarean section in both the developing and developed nations. The reasons for this are multifactorial including changes in women's preferences, a growing number of females who have previously had a caesarean delivery and technological advances which aid in early identification of a compromised fetus. Material &Methods: This retrospective study aimed to analyze the rate of LSCS in our institution and was conducted over a period of six months - December 2015 to May 2016 at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College& Hospital, Jaipur. The total number of patients who delivered in our hospital during the defined study period was recorded and categorized as per the WHO accepted Robson's 10-group classification...............

Keywords: Caesarean section, Robson's criteria, Previous LSCS, Obstetric audits

[1]. WHO Statement on Caesarean Section Rates; 2015,WHO reference number: WHO/RHR/15.02.Available at -
http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/maternal_perinatal_health/cs-statement/en/; Accessed on 15 July 2016.
[2]. Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M, Gulmezoglu AM, Souza JP, Taneepanichskul S, Ruyan P, et al. Method of delivery and pregnancy
outcomes in Asia: the WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health 2007–08. Lancet.2010;375:490–9.
[3]. Souza JP, Gulmezoglu A, Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M, Carroli G, Fawole B et al. Caesarean section without medical indications
is associated with an increased risk of adverse short-term maternal outcomes: the 2004–2008 WHO Global Survey on Maternal and
Perinatal Health. BMC Med. 2010;8:71.
[4]. Marshall NE, Fu R, Guise JM. Impact of multiple cesarean deliveries on maternal morbidity: a systematic review. Am J Obstet
Gynecol. 2011;205(3):262. e1-8.
[5]. United Nations. Millennium development goals and beyond 2015.http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals. Accessed October 1, 2014

Abstract: Aspiration of foreign body (FB) is a life threatening situation in children. Prompt and early foreign body (FB) removal by rigid bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia is essential for reducing the complications and mortality. This study was conducted to observe the preoperative presentation, anaesthetic management and post-procedure morbidity and outcomes of children undergoing rigid bronchoscopic removal of inhaled foreign bodies under general anaesthesia.

Keywords: Foreign body aspiration, airway foreign body, inhalational anaesthesia, intravenous anaesthesia.

[1]. Bluestone CD, Stool SE, Alper CM, Arjmand EM. Pediatric otolaryngology. 4th ed. Elsevier Health Science; 2002.Chapter 71. Foreign bodies of pharynx and esophagus; p.1324.
[2]. Shivakumar AM, Naik AS, Prashanth KB, Shetty KD, Praveen DS. Tracheobronchial foreign bodies. Indian J Pediatr. 2003;70:793-7.
[3]. Moustafa MA. Nebulized lidocaine alone or combined with fentanyl as a premedication to general anesthesia in spontaneously breathing pediatric patients undergoing rigid bronchoscopy. Paediatr Anaesth. 2013;23:429-34.
[4]. Soodan A, Pawar D, Subramanium R. Anesthesia for removal of inhaled foreign bodies in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2004;14(11):947–52.
[5]. Chen L, Zhang X, Li S, Liu Y, Zhang T, Wu J. The risk factors for hypoxemia in children younger than 5 years old undergoing rigid bronchoscopy for foreign body removal. Anesth Analg. 2009;109(4):1079–84.

Abstract: Aim: To study the complications and consequences including maternal morbidity and mortality following indiscriminate self-consumption of abortion pills reporting to our center. Methodology :This is an observational study conducted at Mahila Chikitsalaya, Jaipur between October 2013 to September 2014 for 12 months. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 50 women were studied. This study is undertaken with the objective of studying the demographic features, various clinical features, complications, various management approaches, maternal morbidity and mortality as a consequence of self consumption of MTP pills...............

Keywords: Indiscriminate. Abortion, MTP pills, rupture uterus.

[1]. Chaudhari SK, Pregnancy Termination. In: Practice of Fertility Control a Comprehensive Manual. 7th ed. New Delhi: Elsevier; pp
237-263.
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Abstract: Human Dipylidiasis, a zoonotic infection caused byDipylidiumcaninumwas rarely reported in literature. Dipylidiumcaninum commonly infects dogs & cats and is taxonomically located in the family Dipylididae, order Cyclophyllidae, subclass Eucestoda. Mammals act as definitive hosts for this intestinal cestode and intermediate host is dog flea or cat flea,Ctenocephalidescanis, Ctenocephalidesfelis respectively. Transmission is by ingestion of these intermediate hosts with cysticercoid larva. Humans are accidental hosts especially infants and young children. Human infection is usually asymptomatic thus rarely diagnosed clinically. We report a case of Dipylidiumcaninum infection in a 23 year male student with complaint of passing worm like moving bodies in stool.

Keywords: Dipylidium, Infected fleas, Proglottids.

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[2]. Narasimham M V, Panda P, Mohanty I, Sahu S, Padhi S, Dash M. Dipylidiumcaninum infection in a child: A rare case report.
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[3]. Claudia P. Molina, MD; James Ogburn, MD; Patrick Adegboyega, MD. Infection by Dipylidiumcaninum in an Infant. Arch Pathol
Lab Med. 2003: 127: e157–e159.
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Abstract: A Cross sectional observational study was done to analyze the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease. In our study consisting of 100 patients with CKD, Thyroid dysfunction occurs in 35% of the patients. The alteration in the values of T3 and T4 in CKD can be viewed as a protective mechanism, promoting conservation of protein.Incidence of hypothyroidism is increased in patients with chronic kidney disease.Low T3 syndrome is seen in 15% of the patients, Low T4 syndrome is seen in 3% of the patients, combined low T3 and T4 is seen in 4% of the patients in our study group...............

Keywords: Thyroid function, chronic kidney disease, cross sectional study, protective mechanism

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Abstract: Aim: The purpose of this study is to present our experience of total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair and to know the feasibility of short course hospital stay Method: Between November 2013 to November 2016 over a period of three years, 100 consecutive patients who underwent TEP at Department of surgery, Max Super speciality Hospital, Gurgaon were prospectively reviewed. Data on patient's demographics, post operative recovery, complication and results were collected. Result: The mean operative time for unilateral hernia was 50 minutes while it took 75 minutes for bilateral repair. Mean age of patients was 47 years ranging from 31 to 76 years, 75% patients had unilateral hernia while 6% had secondary hernia. Most of the patient discharged after overnight stay with mean hospital stay of 1+0.5 days, recurrence in our series was less than 2 %................

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[5]. Phillips EH, Carroll BJ, Fallas MJ. Laparoscopic preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair without preperitoneal incision. Surg Endosc 1993; 7:159-62

Abstract: PCOS considered as the most common endocrine disorder that affect women in reproductive-agewith key features of irregular menstruation, hyper androgenism, and polycystic ovaries. The major abnormality that is associated Withpcos is the insulin resistance (IR), present in about 50-70%. Insulin resistance(IR) considered an important risk factor for the development of the metabolic syndrome in women with PCOS . Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia can be triggered by obesity with visceral fat accumulation. Fat tissue secretes bioactive cytokines and adipokines, including leptin. Some evidence suggested an association between dysregulated expression of leptin and the onset of obesity-related pathologies including PCOS. Leptin is known to have many interactions in the female reproductive system..............

Keywords: PCOS, Leptin, Insulin Resistance.

[1]. IramShabir, Mohd Ashraf Ganie, MohdAfzalZargar, DilafrozBhat, MohdMuzzafar Mir, Aleem Jan, Zaffar Amin Shah, Vicar Jan,RiyazRasool, AndleebNaqati(2014): Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the family members of women with polycystic ovary syndrome fromNorthIndia. year : 2014 | Volume : 18 | Issue : 3 | Page : 364-369
[2]. SamerElHayek, LynnBitar, LayalH.Hamdar, FadiG.Mirza* and Georges Daoud (2016): Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome: An Updated Overview.Published online 2016 Apr 5. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00124. [3]. Kamangar F., Okhovat J. P., Schmidt T., Beshay A., Pasch L., Cedars M. I., (2015): Polycystic ovary syndrome: special diagnostic and therapeutic considerationsforchildren. Pediatr.Dermatol. 32,571–578.10.1111/pde.12566
[4]. Guilherme Barbosa, Larissa Bianca Paiva Cunha de Sá, Denise RossoTenórioWanderley Rocha, Alberto KrayyemArbex (2016): Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Fertility. Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 2016, 6, 58-65.

[5]. NasrinJalilian, LidaHaghnazari, Samira Rasolinia(2016):leptin and body mass index in polycystic ovary syndrome.IndianJornal Of endocrinology and metabolism.Year : 2016 | Volume : 20 | Issue : 3 | Page : 324-328.