iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2017

Abstract: The persistence of functional teeth on the arch for a long enough period of time represents an accomplished goal due to the existence and constant improvement of the conservative means of treatment. The misapprehension regarding the complexity of endodontic space is one of the various failures of the endodontic treatment. The aim of this article is to emphasize the clinical approach of a retreatment case of endodontic therapeutic failure at upper first molar level. First, it would be preferable to try an orthograde endodontic retreatment because this is the most conservative way of treatment.

Keywords: Upper fist molar, endodontic space, orthograde endodontic retreatment

[1]. Acosta Vigouroux, S.A., Trugeda Bosaans, S.A.: Anatomy of the pulp chamber floor of the permanent maxillary first molar. J. Endod. 4:214, 1978
[2]. Arnaldo Castellucci, Endodontics Volume1
[3]. Aydos, J.H., Milano, N.F.: Morfologia interna o raiz mesiovestibular primerio molar superior permanente. Rev. Gaucha Odontol. 21:10, 1973.
[4]. Bergenholtz G, Lekholm U, Milthon R, Heden G, Odesjo B, Engstrom B. Retreatment of endodontic fillings. Scand J Dent Res 1979; 87:217-24
[5]. Hargreaves, Berman: Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp, Eleventh Edition

Abstract: Torsion of ovary is the total or partial rotation of the adnexa around its vascular axis or pedicle. Complete torsion causes venous and lymphatic blockade leading to stasis and venous congestion, haemorrhage and necrosis. The cyst becomes tense and may rupture. Incidence is 5 per 10,000 pregnancies. Torsion is predominantly seen in the reproductive age group and in women after ART.

[1]. E. Shalev, M. Bustan, S. Romano, Y. Goldberg, and I. Ben-Shlomo, ―Laparoscopic resection of ovarian benign cystic teratomas: experience with 84 cases,‖ Human Reproduction, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 1810–1812, 1998.
[2]. P.-H. Wang, H.-T. Chao, C.-C. Yuan, W.-L. Lee, K.-C. Chao, and H.-T. Ng, ―Ovarian tumors complicating pregnancy. Emergency and elective surgery,‖ Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 279–287, 1999.
[3]. P.-H. Wang, W.-H. Chang, M.-H. Cheng, and H.-C. Horng, ―Management of adnexal masses during pregnancy,‖ Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 597–598, 2009.
[4]. H.-C. Tsai, T.-N. Kuo, M.-T. Chung, M. Y. S. Lin, C.-Y. Kang, and Y.-C. Tsai, ―Acute abdomen in early pregnancy due to ovarian torsion following successful in vitro fertilization treatment,‖ Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 438–441, 2015.
[5]. S. Krishnan, H. Kaur, J. Bali, and K. Rao, ―Ovarian torsion in infertility management—missing the diagnosis means losing the ovary: a high price to pay,‖ Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 39–42, 2011.
[6]. Guidelines of Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) on Sep 2007

Abstract: Ileum diverticulitis is a rare disease that may lead to an acute abdomen mimicking appendicitis. It is not Meckel diverticulitis nor other true diverticulum rather an acquired condition possibly due to the same causes as colonic diverticular disease ie pseudodiverticula. These diverticula are usually multiple and occur at the mesenteric border, sometimes hidden in the mesentery and overlooked during surgery. Most patients are asymptomatic and diagnosis is made on routine imaging studies or at autopsy. The acute complications of ileal diverticula including inflammation are very rare...................

Keywords-: Ileal diverticulum, acute abdomen, perforation

[1]. De Raet J, Brugman T, Geukens A. Non-Meckel's ileal diverticulitis with perforation: a rare cause of acute right lower quadrant pain. Acta Chir Belg. 2010;110:90–2.
[2]. Kirbas I, Yildirim E, Harman A, Basara O. Perforated ileal diverticulitis: CT findings. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2007;13:188–9.
[3]. Park H, Lee B. The management of terminal ileum diverticulitis. Am Surg. 2009;75:1199–202.
[4]. Wilcox RD, Shatney CH. Surgical significance of acquired ileal diverticulosis. Am Surg. 1990;56:222–5. [5]. Makris K., Tsiotos G.G., Stafyla V., Sakorafas G.H. Small intestinal nonmeckelian diverticulosis. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2009;43:201–207

Abstract: Menstruation is still an issue which is not acknowledged in a healthy way in a country like India, more so in urban slums and remote villages. Improper menstrual hygiene resulting out of socio-economic constraints, taboos, misconceptions, faulty family practices will lead to morbidities like reproductive tract infections and its consequences. The study aimed to find out the existing level of knowledge, attitude and practice of menstrual hygiene and its determinants, prevalence of genitourinary tract related morbidities and its
predictors among adolescent girl students of an urban slum. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study had been conducted among 200 girl students of class V-VIII in a Government secondary school situated in a slum area of Kolkata with the help of a predesigned pretested schedule....................

Keywords-: Adolescent girls, Kolkata, Menstrual hygiene, School, Slum

[1]. Park K. Text Book of Preventive and Social medicine. 23st ed. Jabalpur, India, M/S Banarsidas Bhanot publishers; 2002 : 593.
[2]. Kapoor G, Kumar D. Menstrual hygiene: knowledge and practice among adolescent school girls in rural settings. Int J Reprod
Contracept Obstet Gynecol. Mar 2017;6(3):959-962.
[3]. Mudey AB, Keshwani N, Mudey GA, Goyal RC. A cross-sectional study on the awareness regarding safe and hygienic practices
amongst school going adolescent girls in the rural areas of Wardha district. Global J Health Sci 2010;2(2):225–31.
[4]. Mehara S. (Ed), Adolescent Girl: An Indian Perspective. Saket, New Delhi: MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, 1995.
pp. 75–8.
[5]. Nayak S, Toppo NA, Tomar SP, Kasar PK, Tiwari R. A study on practices regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls of
urban areas of Jabalpur District. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health. 2016; 5(11):2355-57.

Abstract: Surgical site infections are defined as infections of organs, tissues or organ spaces which are handled by operating surgeons at the time of surgical procedure. Since patient skin is an important source of pathogens that cause SSIs, optimization of skin prior to surgery with skin antisepsis may decrease the postoperative infection in clean and clean contaminated surgeries. There are many varieties of antiseptic materials available for preoperative skin preparation, however Povidone iodine and chlorhexidine alcohol are widely used in clinical practice. We conducted a prospective study to compare the efficacy of chlorhexidine and povidone iodine in preventing surgical site infection after clean and clean contaminated elective surgery in patients admitted to general surgical ward in..................

Keywords-: chlorhexidine alcohol, efficacy, povidone iodine, skin preparation, surgical site infection

[1]. Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Peearson ML, Silver LC, Jarvis WR , Gulideline for prevention of surgical site infections. Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999;20:250-278

[2]. Denton GW. Chlorhexidine. In: Block SS, ed. Disinfection, sterilization, and preservation. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001:321-36.

[3]. Culligan PJ, Kubik K, Murphy M, Blackwell L, Snyder J. A randomized trial that compared povidone iodine and chlorhexidine as antiseptics for vaginal hysterectomy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;192:422-425

[4]. Ostrander RV, Botte MJ, Brage ME. Efficacy of surgical preparation solutions in foot and ankle surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005;87:980-985

[5]. Bibbo C, Patel DV, Gehrmann RM, Lin SS. Chlorhexidine provides superior skin decontamination in foot and ankle surgery: a prospective randomized study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2005;438:204-208

Abstract: Aim: To study the hepatic vascular anatomy and to find out aberration in its origin, course, branching pattern or in the anatomical relation with accompanying structures. Method: During routine dissection in a 50 year old male cadaver we dissected out all the three branches of celiac trunk all through their course. As the hepatic artery was found to have a different mode of branching we traced the artery till its destination in to liver parenchyma and studied its course and relations with adjacent structures. Results: Hepatic artery was normal in its origin from celiac trunk. There was no replaced or accessory hepatic artery. But in contrast to the normal mode of termination of a proper hepatic artery into right and left hepatic artery near the porta hepatis we found the artery dividing very close to its origin...................

Keywords-: Bile duct, Celiac trunk, hepatic artery, Portal vein, porta hepatis

[1]. Standring S.Gray's Anatomy.The Anatomical Basis Of Clinical Practice . 40th ed.London:Elsevier , Churchill Livingstone Edinburg ; 2008 :1169
[2]. John A Stauffer , Mellena D Bridges , Naciyae Turan .Aberrant right hepatic arterial anatomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy , recognition , prevelance and management . journal of Hepato Pancreatico Biliary Association 2009;11(2):161-165 .
[3]. Volpe C M ,Peterson S ,Hoover E L . Justification For Visceral Angiography Prior to Pancreaticoduodenectomy . The American Surgeons 1998 ;64:758-761
[4]. Woods M S ,Traverso L W . Sparing a replaced common hepatic artery during Pancreaticoduodenectomy . Am Surg 1993;59:719-21
[5]. Biehl T R,Traverso L W .Preoperative angiography alters intraoperative strategy during the Whipples procedure . Amj Surg 1993 ; 165: 607-12

Abstract: The aim is to study various clinicopathological features of TNBC in Northern part of INDIA. Background: • Molecular classification of breast cancer is based on gene expressing profile. • They subgroup [luminal A, luminal B, HER2, and basal like] have distinct gene expression pattern and phenotypical characteristics. • TNBC shares phenotypical features with basal like breast cancer, which is in turn the most aggressive and with worse outcome. • There is a growing evidence of the heterogeneity of such entity on the molecular level that may cause discrete outcomes • They are associated with aggressive histology, poor clinical outcome, associated with BRCA1 mutation and unresponsive to endocrine therapy and short survival..................

[1]. BeatsonGT. On the treatment of inoperable cases of carcinoma of the mamma: suggestions for a new method of treatment, with
illustrative cases, Lancet, 1896, vol. 148 (pg. b104-b107)https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)72307-0
[2]. Reis-Filho JS, Tutt AN. Triple negative tumours: a critical review. Histopathology. 2008; 52:108–18.
[3]. Arslan C, Dizdar O, Altundag K. Pharmacotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer. Expert OpinPharmacother. 2009;10:2081–93.
[4]. Irvin WJ Jr, Carey LA. What is triple-negative breast cancer? EurJ Cancer. 2008;44:2799–805.
[5]. Carey LA, Perou CM, Livasy CA, et al. Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina breast cancer study. Jama.
2006;295:2492–502.https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.21.2492Google ScholarCrossRefSearchADSPubMed

Abstract: Proptosis as a clinical manifestation of childhood acute promyelocytic leukemia is very rare. Only 15% of acute myeloid leukemia is seen in children and only 9.3%of it manifestated as orbital deposit causing proptosis in one or both eyes. We are here with reporting a case in a 8years girl who presented with fever and swelling of left eye in a case of acute promyelocytic leukemia. The purpose of reporting this case is to emphasize the need of examining the peripheral smear and bone marrow in children presenting as proptosis for early diagnosis of childhood AML. Here we have reviewed the last 40 years of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia cases and articles regarding extramedullary involveme.

Keywords-: Acute myeloid leukemia, acute promyelocytic leukemia, proptosis

[1]. Grimwade D, Biondi A, Mozziconacci MJ, et al; Groupe Fran¸cais de Cytog´en´etique H´ematologique, Groupe de Fran¸cais d'Hematologie Cellulaire, UK Cancer Cytogenetics Group and BIOMED 1 European Community– Concerted Action ''Molecular Cytogenetic Diagnosis in Haematological Malignancies.''
[2]. Characterization of acute promyelocytic leukemia cases lacking the classic t(15;17): results of the European Working Party. Blood. 2000;96(4):1297– 1308.
[3]. Shen ZX, Shi ZZ, Fang J, et al. All-trans retinoic acid/As2O3 combination yields a high quality remission and survival in newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(15):5328–5335.
[4]. Redner RL. Variations on a theme: the alternate translocations in APL. Leukemia. 2002;16(10):1927–1932.
[5]. de Th´e H, Lavau C, Marchio A, Chomienne C, Degos L, Dejean A. The PML-RARa fusion mRNA generated by the t(15;17) translocation in acute promyelocytic leukemia encodes a functionally altered RAR. Cell. 1991;66(4): 675–684

Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects around 10-13% of general population. The risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality remains high in all stages of chronic kidney disease. It is documented that CKD patients have an extremely high risk of developing CVD compared to general population so much so that early stages of CKD patients are more likely to develop CVD than progress to ESRD. Cardiovascular disease often begins before end stage renal disease (ESRD) and patient with reduced kidney functions are more likely to die of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than to develop ESRD. Hypertension, one of the leading cause of renal failure is the major culprit in this process causing left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac chamber dilation, increased left ventricular wall stress, redistribution of coronary blood flow, reduced coronary artery vasodilator reserve ,pericardial effusion..................

Keywords-: chronic kidney disease, their cardiovascular manifestation and risk factors

[1]. Amaresan M. 2005 . cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. Indian nephrology , 15:1-7
[2]. Glassock R clinical aspect of glomerular diseases , American journal of kidney diseases 10(181)
[3]. American Diabetes Association (ADA). 2004. Nephropathy in Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 27 (1): 79-83
[4]. Anderson KM, Wilson PW, Odell PM. 1991. An updated coronary risk profile: a statement for health professionals. Circulation, 83:
356–362
[5]. Blankestijn P. 2005. Effects of Eprosartan in Chronic Kidney Disease. Journal of Clinical Basic Cardiology, 8: 15–7.

Abstract: Cerebrovascular accident is a global health problem and leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Prevalence rates reported for cerebrovascular accident (CVA) worldwide vary between 500 to 800 per 100,000 population.They account to about 50%of all neurological hospital admission.Due to increase in burden of stroke in coming years and limited availability of stroke care in India, it would be better to study on preventive measures that will reduce incidence of stroke.The objective of our study was to assess the clinical profile,risk factors and the prognosis of cerebrovascular accident in 100 patients(50 Tribal and 50 Non Tribal patients) presented with cerebrovascular accident.These patient were subjected to detailed history, physical examination,ct/mri of brain and placed into one of two category of stroke either ischemic(thrombotic or embolic) or haemorrhagic..................

Keywords-: Cerebral stroke, Tribal and non Tribal population, incidence, etiology and outcome

[1]. Adams and Victor's principal of neurology 10th edition chapter 34 Cerebrovasculer disease pg no 778-874.
[2]. Murray CJL and Lopez AD.The global burden of disease. 1. 1996.Harvard school of public health.
[3]. Aiyer et al: A study of clinicoradiological correlation in cerebrovasculer stroke (A study of 50 cases)Gujrat medical journal. vol. 52
march 1999.
[4]. Gauri et al: A study of risk factor and clinical profile of stroke at Bikaner.journal of API vol 4, 24jan 2000.
[5]. Pinhero L,damodar S et al .Risk factor in stroke .A prospective study: JAPI vol.48 jan 2000.

Abstract: Background- Effectiveness of endodontic treatment and criteria of success have mainly been considered in terms of clinical outcome, and there is a lack of information of treatment outcomes from patients' perspectives. This study aimed to assess the impact of endodontic disease and treatment on the quality of life of patients and patient's satisfaction in relation to endodontic treatment and the association of these outcomes with the treatment provider(General Dentists, Postgraduates and Endodontist). Methods- This Cross sectional study included 250 subjects. Patient-reported outcome measures based on oral health–related quality of life was assessed using the short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-17) using a questionnaire method that measured changes in quality of life after endodontic treatment and semantic differential scales that measured satisfaction with endodontic treatment...................

Keywords-: Endodontists, Endodontic treatment(ET), Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) , Postgraduates(PG), Periapical Index (PAI) ,Root canal therapy (RCT),Satisfaction outcome.

[1]. Raphael D, Brown I, Renwick R, Rootman I. Quality of life theory and assessment: what are the implications for health
promotion. Issues in Health Promotion Series. University of Toronto, Centre for Health Promotion, 1994.
[2] Dugas NN, Lawrence HP, Teplitsky P, et al. Quality of life and satisfaction outcomes of endodontic treatment.,
Journal of endodontics ,28(12),2002,819-27
[3] Eckerbom M, Flygare L, Magnusson T. A 20-year follow-up study of endodontic variables and apical status in a Swedish
population. Int Endod J ,2007;40:940–8.
[4] Kirkevang LL, Vaeth M, Horsted-Bindslev P, et al. Longitudinal study of periapical and endodontic status in a Danish
population. Int Endod J 2006;39:100–105.
[5] Liu P, McGrath C, Cheung GS. Quality of life and psychological well-being among endodontic patients: a case-control study.
Aust Dent J 2012;57:493–7.

Abstract: Invasive fungal sepsis contributing significant neonatal mortality and in last two decade changed in growing species and sensitivity pattern, This hospital base prospective observational study with aims to magnitude of candidemiaand drug susceptibility pattern of candida species in neonatal intensive care units at tertiary level center. Methods: All Preterm and full term infants with risk factors for fungal infection admitted in neonatal intensive care unit (167) of Zenana and Mahila chikitsalaya during the study period (May 2014- April 2015) were included. The candida isolates were identified with automated Vitek-2 compact system of Biomeriux, Germoney using the YST ID cards and their antifungal susceptibility was performed using AST YS 06 Cards. Results: A total of 20 (11.97%) Candida isolates were found among 167 NICU patients. Candida albicans (35%) was the most common isolate followed by Candida parapsilosis (30%), Candida tropicalis (15%), Candida krusei (15%), and Candida glabrata (5%)....................

Keywords-:Antifungal susceptibility , Candidemia ,Candida albicans, Non albicans candida

[1]. ImtiazJehan, Hillary Harris, SohailSalat, AmnaZeb, NaushabaMobeen, Omrana Pasha et al. Neonatal mortality, risk factors and causes: a prospective population-based cohort study in urban Pakistan. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2009; 87:130-138.
[2]. Bang AT, Bang RA, Bactule SB, Reddy HM, Deshmukh MD. Effect of home-based neonatal care and
[3]. management of sepsis on neonatal mortality, field trial in rural India. Lancet 1999; 354:1955-61.
[4]. Bendel CM. Colonization and epithelial adhesion in the pathogenesis of neonatal candidiasis. SeminPerinatol 2003 Oct; 27(5):357-364.
[5]. Benjamin DK Jr, DeLong ER, Steinbach WJ, Cotton CM, Walsh TJ, Clark RH. Empirical therapy for neonatal candidemia in very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 2003 Sep; 112(3 Pt 1):543-7.

Abstract: Pigmentd variant of dermatofibosarcoma protuberans(DFSP) are one of the rarest tumor. It was first described by Bednar in 1957. The tumor consists only 1-5% of all dermatofibosarcoma protuberans(DFSP). Here we present , a 55 year old male patient complaining of abdominal lump for more than 5 years . FNAC of the tumor goes in the favor of spindle cell tumor with occasional black pigment containing cell . Histologically , we appreciated storiform pattern of the tumor and honeycomb apparence, in some areas. Finally, immunohistochemistry confirms the diagnosis of Bednar tumor or pigmented variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans(DFSP).

Keywords-: Bednar tumor, cytopathology, histopathology, Immunohistochemistry.

[1]. Ding J, Hashimoto H, Enjoji M. Dermatofibrosarcomaprotuberanswithfibrosarcomatous areas. A clinicopathologicstudy of nine cases and acomparisonwithalliedtumors. Cancer [Comparative Study] 1989;64(3):721–9.
[2]. Ding JA, Hashimoto H, Sugimoto T, et al. Bednartumor (pigmenteddermatofibrosarcomaprotuberans). An analysis of six cases. Acta PatholJpn [Case Reports Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov‟t] 1990;40(10):744–54.
[3]. Dupree WB, Langloss JM, Weiss SW. Pigmenteddermatofibrosarcomaprotuberans (Bednartumor). A pathologic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemicalstudy. Am J SurgPathol 1985;9(9):630–9.
[4]. Wang J, Hisaoka M, Shimajiri S, et al. Detection of COL1A1-PDGFB fusion transcripts in dermatofibrosarcomaprotuberans by reverse transcription-polymerasechainreactionusingarchivalformalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Diagn Mol Pathol 1999;8(3):113–9.
[5]. Onoda N, Tsutsumi Y, Kakudo K, et al. Pigmenteddermatofibrosarcomaprotuberans (Bednartumor). An autopsy case withsystemicmetastasis. Acta PatholJpn [Case Reports] 1990;40(12):935–40..

Abstract: The management of liver abscess has changed with significant reduction in mortality and morbidity after the advent of imaging modalities and antibiotics. The present study was conducted to study the effectiveness of various treatment modalities for amoebic liver abscess including the percutaneous catheter drainage procedure in these patients. We concluded that amoebic liver abscess need drainage either by single or multiple aspirations failing which percutaneous catheter drainage should be done.

Keywords-: amoebiasis, aspiration, catheter drainage ,hepatomegaly, liver abscess,

[1]. Singh S, Chaudhary P, Saxena N, Khandelwal S, Poddar DD, Biswal UC. Treatment of liver abscess: prospective randomized comparison of catheter drainage and needle aspiration. Ann Gastroenterol. 2013;26(4):332-9.
[2]. Rajak CL, Gupta S, Jain S, Chawla Y, Gulati M, Suri S. Percutaneous treatment of liver abscesses: needle aspiration versus catheter drainage. Am J Roentgenol. 1998;170(4):1035-9.
[3]. Zinner MJ, Schwartz SI, Ellis H. Incisions, closures, and management of the Wound. Maingot's abdominal surgery. 10th edit. (USA: Appleton and Lange; 1997) 1:423.
[4]. Tiwari D, Jatav OP, Jain M, Kumar S. Study of clinical and etiopathological profile of liver abscess. J of Evidence Based Med and Hlthcare. 2015;2(40):6705-12.
[5]. Von Sonnen berg E, Wittich GR, Edwards DK, Casola G, vonWaldenburg HS, Self TW, et al. Percutaneous drainage of abscess, editorial comments. Radiology. 1992;184:27

Abstract: Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is a benign neoplasm characterized by replacement of normal bone by fibrous tissue and varying amounts of newly formed bone or cementum-like material, or both.1 Peripheral Cemento ossifying fibroma (PCOF) is a reactive lesion which has been described with various synonyms and is believed to arise from the periodontal ligament.2 It predominantly affects adolescents and young adults, with peak prevalence between 10 and 19 yrs. There is a definite female predilection and almost 60% of the lesions occur in the maxilla. Trauma or local irritation such as dental calculus, ill-fitting denture appliances and faulty restorations are known to precipitate the development of this lesion.3 The present report describes a case of Peripheral Cemento ossifying fibroma..................

Keywords-: COF, PCOF

[1]. David B. Kamadjaja. Cemento-ossifying fibroma of the jaw- A case report. Dental Journal 2009; 40(4):164-71.
[2]. AshishY,Mishra MB. Peripheral cemento ossifying fibroma of mandible a case report. Indian J Stomatol 2011; 2(3):193-96.
[3]. Jaya M,Deepa D, Gopal S ,Bhagyashri P. Indian Journal of Basic & Applied Medical Research. 2013;2(8):1099-1102.
[4]. Priyanka V, Alka W, Savitha B, Hiroj B. Peripheral Cemento Ossifying Fibroma – Case Report. Int J Dent Case Reports 2012; 2(5): 15-18.
[5]. Suhas G, Sonia G, Girish G, Sandeep G. Cementifying Fibroma of the Mandible – A Case Report. J Oral Health Comm Dent 2008; 2(2):42-45.
[6]. Terry F; Jennifer M, Heather D, Ross. A Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma: A Case Report. JCDA • Www.Cda-Adc.Ca/Jcda 2008; 74(9):809-12.

Abstract: Introduction: Strength is defined as maximum voluntary force exerted in a single muscular effort. Isometric, isotonic, isokinetic all produce significant and substantial gains in muscle strength. Further, no single system or product has been found to be superior to any other when the studies have been well-controlled. Aim of the study is to get a better understanding of 3 types of strength testing and training of quadriceps in normal subjects and to compare the effectiveness of isometric, isokinetic, isotonic strength of quadriceps in normal subjects. Materials And Methods: A total of 30 normal subjects were recruited randomly from physiotherapy department of SVNIRTAR according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were randomly assigned into 3 groups; 10 subjects were taken into each group; isometric, isotonic and isokinetic training groups which received isometric, isotonic and isokinetic strength training of quadriceps muscle of left side respectively for 4 weeks.................

Keywords-: Isometric, Isotonic and Isokinetic strength training, quadriceps muscle isokinetic dynamometer, triple hop distance test.

[1]. Verma JH, Khanna SK (2010) Isometric Strength and its relationship to Dynamic Performance. Journal of Exercise Science and Physiotherapy. 6(2): 60 – 69.
[2]. Knapik JJ, Mawdsley RH, Ramos MU (1983) Angular Specificity and Test Mode Specificity of Isometric and Isokinetic Strength Training. The Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 5(2): 58 – 65.
[3]. Paul JB, Balakrishnan P (2014) Effect of Isometric Quadriceps Strengthening Exercise at Multiple Angles in Knee Joint among Normal Adults. Int J Physiother. 1(1): 10 – 16.
[4]. Smith MJ, Melton P (1981) Isokinetic versus isotonic variable-resistance training. Am J Sports Med. 9: 275 – 279.
[5]. Kovaleski JE, Heitman RH, Trundle TL, Gilley WF (1995) Isotonic preload versus isokinetic knee extension resistance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 27: 895 – 899.

Abstract: Surgical management of proximal humerus fractures are widely accepted with locking plates. However, technical pitfalls often lead to complications which can always be avoided. We analyse the fractures of proximal humerus treated by locked plates in our institute in this study. The importance of minimal soft tissue dissection to preserve the vascularity of the head, indirect methods of reduction, and early mobilization help to achieve good results in these fractures. Patient education towards immediate post-operative rehabilitation should be emphasized.

[1]. Court-Brown CM, Garg A, McQueen M, et al. The epidemiology of proximal humeral fractures. Acta Orthop Scand 2001; 72: 365-371.
[2]. Iannotti JP, Ramsey ML, Williams GR, Warner JJP. Non prosthetic management of proximal humeral fractures. Instr Course Lect 2004; 53:403-16. [3]. Leonard M, Mokotedi L, Alao U, Glynn A, Dolan M, Fleming P. The use of locking plates in proximal humeral fractures: Comparison of outcome by patient age and fracture pattern. International Journal of Shoulder Surgery. 2009; 3(4):85-89.
[4]. Neer CS 2nd. Displaced proximal humeral fractures. I. Classification and evaluation.J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1970 Sep; 52(6):1077-89.
[5]. Zyto K, Ahrengart L, Sperbar A, et al. Treatment of displaced proximal humeral fracture in elderly patients. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 1997; 79-13: 412-8.

Abstract: Stiffness of the locking plates commonly cause healing problems. far cortex locking principle is one easy way to reduce the locking construct stiffness by still maintaining enough strength of fixation. In this study we review our experience of using FCL principle in distal femur extra articular fractures. Four key features of FCL constructs that contribute to fracture healing and durable fixation are flexible fixation, load distribution, progressive stiffening, and parallel interfragmentary motion. FCl is a simple technique requiring not much learning curve with huge benefits with relation to fracture healing.

[1]. Kubiak EN, Fulkerson E, Strauss E, et al. The evolution of locked plates. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. 2006;88 (Suppl 4):189–200
[2]. Bottlang M, Lesser M, Koerber J, et al. Far cortical locking can improve healing of fractures stabilized with locking plates. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. 2010;92:1652–1660
[3]. Lujan TJ, Henderson CE, Madey SM, et al. Locked plating of distal femur fractures leads to inconsistent and asymmetric callus formation. Journal of orthopaedic trauma. 2010;24:156–162.

[4]. Egol KA, Kubiak EN, Fulkerson E, Kummer FJ, Koval KJ. Biomechanics of locked plates and screws. J Orthop Trauma. 2004;18:488-93.

[5]. Perren SM. Backgrounds of the technology of internal fixators. Injury. 2003;34 Suppl 2:B1-3

Abstract: WT is the most common renal tumor of infancy and childhood. Its incidence is one per 10,000 children under the age of 15 years worldwide. Multimodality treatment has resulted in a significant improvement in the four-year survival, from approximately 30% in the 1930s to more than 85% in the modern era. This was also the first solid tumour where the role of adjuvant chemotherapy was established. we report in the present study our experiences of the outcome of multimodality treatment of Wilms' tumor at a tertiary care centre. Our results demonstrated that factors such as late presentation, poverty, poor compliance to treatment, and lack of multidisciplinary collaboration remain major challenges in managing Wilms Tumour patients in a developing country.

[1]. Green DM, Coppes JM, Breslow NE, et al. Wilms' tu- mor. In: Principles and Practice of Pediatric Oncology, 2nd ed. Pizzo PA, Poplack DG, eds. Philadelphia, PA: JB Lippincott; 1997:733–761.

[2]. Prea co F, Bellani FF. Wilms' tumor: past, present and (possibly) future. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2006;6:249–258.

[3]. Pritchard-JonesK.Controversiesandadvancesinthemanagement of Wilms' tumor. Arch Dis Child. 2002;87:241–244.

[4]. Kremens B, Sadony V, Goepel M, Hellinger A, Havers W (1991) Management of nephroblatoma with intracardiac ex- tension: three case reports and review of the literature. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 8: 335±345

[5]. Lee ACW, Saing H, Leung MP, Mok CK, Cheng MY (1994) Wilms' tumor with intracardiac extension: chemotherapy be- fore surgery. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 11: 535±540

Abstract: THodgkin lymphoma (HL) has a dramatic response in terms of survival outcome since it was first described by Thomas hodgkin in 1832 [1]. Survival outcomeof paediatric HL may differ between developed and developing countries due to various reasons particularly the socio economic factors. The recurrence of the disease was also widely reported in backward regions. In developing countries, HL usually presents with a higher-stage of disease and generally has mixed cellularity histologically[2-5]. HL is by and large treated on the basis of the stage of disease and risk profile, which provide the basis for different treatment strategies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or a combined modality approach. The optimal treatment approach still remains controversial, especially in the advanced disease stage. Initially, high-dose extended-field radiation proved to be effective in adults with early-stage disease, whereas chemotherapy combinations of mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone as well as doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) or combined-modality treatment were reserved for advanced disease [6].................

[1]. Hodgkin T. On some morbid appearances of the absorbent gland and spleen. Med Chir Trans. 1832;17:68–114.
[2]. Stiller CA, Parkin DM. Geographic and ethnic variation in the incidence of childhood cancer. Br Med Bull. 1996;52: 682–703.
[3]. Dinand V, Arya LS. Epidemiology of childhood Hodgkin's disease: is it different in developing countries? Indian Pediatr. 2006;43:141–147.
[4]. Hudson M, Schwartz C, Constine L. Treatment of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma. In: Weinstin H, Hudson M, Link MP, eds. Pediatric Lymphoma. Berlin: Springer; 2007:35–66.
[5]. MacFarlane GJ, Evstifeeva T, Boyle P, et al. International patterns in the occurrence of Hodgkin's disease in children and young adult males. Int J Cancer. 1995;61:165–169

Abstract: Subcutaneous emphysema is a rare complication related to dental treatment. The most common dental etiology of this complication is the introduction of air via the air-turbine handpiece during bone removal in surgical removal of impacted tooth, and is very rare during nonsurgical endodontic treatment. The use of three way air syringes and forceful irrigation of root canal can lead to surgical emphysema of subcutaneous tissue planes in and around the teeth which are involved. This case report presents a case of subcutaneous emphysema during a non-surgical endodontic treatment.

Keywords-:Iatrogenic Emphysema, Air Turbane Handpiece, Endodontic treatment, Facial spaces

[1]. Al-Qudah, A, Amin, F, Hassona, Y, Periorbital emphysema during endodontic retreatment of an upper central incisor: a case report, Br Dent J (2013),215(9), 459 – 461.
[2]. María Peñarrocha , Javier Ata-Ali , Celia Carrillo, Miguel Peñarrocha, Subcutaneous emphysema resulting from surgical extraction without elevation of a mucoperiosteal skin flap, J Clin Exp Dent, (2011),3(3),e265-7.
[3]. İsa DÖNGEL,Mehmet BAYRAM, İsmail Önder UYSAL, Güven Sadi SUNAM, Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum complicating a dental procedure , Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg (2012), 18 (4),361-363.
[4]. Byakod PS, Byakod PP, Biradar B, Biradar, Spontaneous retropharyngeal emphysema postendodontic treatment, Endodontology (2016),28,203-5.
[5]. Kaufman E, Leviner E, Galli D, Garfunkl AA, Subcutaneous air emphysema – A rare condition, J Oral Med. 1984, 39, 47-50.

Abstract: The level of community disaster awareness and preparedness is of Paramount importance. This enables the community to respond better to disasters thus reducing loss of property and lives. This study aims at identifying the level of disaster awareness and preparedness of communities in the vulnerable areas of the Himalayan valley and its risk factors. A cross sectional study was conducted to meet the study objectives among the general population of ten identified villages in the Naggar block of Kullu district. A semi structured questionnaire was used to collect information on basic disaster awareness and preparedness. A total of 192 participants consented to be a part of the study and returned completely filled survey forms. In the univariate analysis factors such as age, gender, education level, occupation and participants who had previously not faced disasters were independently associated with poor disaster........

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[3]. Chopra BK, Venkatesh MD. Dealing with disasters: Need for awareness and preparedness. Med J Armed
Forces India. 2015 Jul;71(3):211–3.
[4]. Preparedness - Terminology - Professional Resources - PreventionWeb.net [Internet]. [cited 2016 Jul 8].
Available from: http://www.preventionweb.net/english/professional/terminology/v.php?id=495
[5]. Gupta P, Khanna A, Majumdar S. Disaster management in flash floods in leh (ladakh): a case study.
Indian J Community Med Off Publ Indian Assoc Prev Soc Med. 2012 Jul;37(3):185–90.

Abstract: The aim of my study is to compare the histopathological changes of placenta in preeclampsia with that of normal placenta and to analyze placental changes in the pregnancy induced hypertension. These changes serve as a guide to the duration and severity of disease.The material consisted of fifty term placenta collected from the labour room and operation theatre of the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, V.S.S. Medical College Hospital, Burla, after the normal or induced delivery of women clinically diagnosed as pre-eclampsia, severe pre-eclampsia,eclampsia, pre-eclamsia superimposed on essential hypertension and normal uncomplicated pregnancies as control...................

Keywords-:hypertension, placenta,, pregnancy, stromal fibrosis

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[3]. Chang KT .Pathological examination of the placenta: raison d'etre, clinical relevance and medico legal utility. Singapore Med J; 2009.(50):1123-1133.
[4]. Shams F, Rafique M, Samoo NA, Irfan R .Fibrinoid Necrosis and Hyalinization Observed in Normal, Diabetic and Hypertensive Placentae. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Pakistan; 2012 Vol. 22 (12): 769-772.
[5]. Standring S, Collins P, Healy JC, (editors) In: Gray's Anatomy, The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. Implantation and Placentation.40th Edition. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Spain: 2008. 176-181

Abstract: Intermediate filament was detected in human testicular seminoma using immunohistochemical expression of keratin. Commercially available Cytokeratin of varying molecular weight were applied to 32 seminomas along with 22 embryonal carcinomas (pure and mixed form).Detection of intermediate filaments was correlated with age, tumor size, and stage. Seminomas showed Intermediate filaments in number of cases.Cytokeratin of varying molecular weight showed positivity.Of 32 seminomas, 37.5 % show presence of intermediate filaments through positive expression with AEI/AEIII, 37.5 % with 34bE12, 43.7% with Cytokeratin 7. There were no differences in patient age,stage, tumor size, between CK-positive andCK-negative seminomas. Of 22 Embryonalcarcinomas86% shows positivity with AEI/AEIII, whereas34bE12 and Cytokeratin 7 was positive in 86% and 100% of cases. Epithelial membrane antigen was positive in 9% cases of Embryonal carcinomas and 8.6% cases of seminomas.

Keywords-: Intermediate filament, Seminoma, Keratin

[1]. Lazarides E. Intermediate filaments as mechanical integrators of cell space. Nature. 1980;283:249-283.
[2]. Moll R, Franke WW, Schiller DL. The catalog of human cytokeratins: patterns of expression in normal epithelia, tumors and cultured cells. Cell. 1982;31:11-24.
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Abstract: Differentiation of seminoma from embryonal carcinoma is essential because difference in treatment protocol. In most cases seminomas can be easily distinguished from embryonal carcinoma. In some cases, because of confusing histomorphology, such differentiation become difficult in routine Haematoxylene and eosin stained tissue section alone, and necessitates use of immunohistochemical analysis. Researchers used various immunohistochemical markers including Keratin antibodies ,combination of CD30,CD117(c-kit) to this end. D2-40 is a monoclonal antibody that reacts with an oncofetal membrane antigen that is present in fetal germ cell as well as neoplastic germ cell tumour of testis. Various Testicular Germ Cell neoplasm was evaluated with D2-40 and results werecompared with..............

Keywords-: Embryonal carcinoma, Seminoma,D2-40,CD117(c-kit),CD 30

[1]. Ulbright TM, Amin MB, Young RH (1999) Tumors of the Testis, Adnexa, Spermatic Cord, and Scrotum. AFIP, 3nd ser, fas 25,Wasington ,DC
[2]. Parkinson MC, Harland SJ, Harnden P, et al. The role of the histopathologist in the management of testicular germ cell tumour in adults. Histopathology 2001;38: 183–194.
[3]. Pera MF, Bennett W, Cerretti DP (1998) CD30 and its ligand: pos- sible role in regulation of teratoma stem cells. APMIS 106:169– 172
[4]. Tickoo SK, Hutchinson B, Bacik J, et al. Testicular seminoma: a clinicopathologic and mmunohistochemical study of 105 cases with special reference to seminomas with atypical features. Int J SurgPathol 2002;10:23–32.
[5]. Ulbright TM. Germ cell tumors of the gonads: a selective review emphasizing problems in differentialdiagnosis, newly appreciated, and controversial issues. Mod Pathol 2005;18:S61–S79.

Abstract: Introduction: Fracture of the medial condyle of humerus is very rare. Only a few reports are available where this injury is seen after closure of the condylar and medial epicondylar apophyses. The aim of this study is 1) To highlight the rarity of this fracture in adult population. 2) To report the clinical & radiological outcome following internal fixation. Materials and Method: Over a period of 6 years (2005– 2011), 6 medial condyle humeral fractures in adults were seen in Orthopaedics department, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital. surgical fixation by open reduction and internal fixation was done with cancellous screws and/or recon-plates and additional K-wires whenever required. The patients were followed up and were evaluated clinically, radiologically and functionally (using Mayo Elbow Performance Score)...............

Keywords-:Medial epicondyle humerus, Milch classification, Anatomical reduction

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