iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-11 ~ November-2019

Abstract: Fatty liver is a widely prevalent hepatic disease worldwide. Moderate fatty liver can lead to significant necrosis and inflammation in hepatocytes. Severe fatty liver can lead to fibrosis. If untreated, the condition can progress to liver cirrhosis. In recent years, ultrasonic imaging technique has transformed to functional imaging from anatomical imaging. Ultrasonic elastography technique is one of the new functional ultrasonic imaging techniques, which developed in the past few years and can be used in quantitative and semi-quantitative assessment of diffuse lesions in liver, such aspost-hepatitis cirrhosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, hepatic dysfunction after surgery etc. Although many researchers have employed ultrasonic elastography in study of chronic hepatic diseases, few studies aluate the role of ultrasonic shearwaveelastography in assessment of fatty liver grading. Materials & Methods: Prospective.....

[1]. Singh, Divya& Das, Chandan&Baruah, Manash. (2013). Imaging of non alcoholic fatty liver disease: A road less travelled. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism. 17. 990-995. 10.4103/2230-8210.122606.
[2]. Gupta N, Raj K, Chandra R, Malik A, Bagri N, Thakur M. Relationship between grey scale sonographic grades of fatty liver and shear wave elastographic values: an observational study. Int J Res Med Sci 2019;7:526-31
[3]. .J. Ophir, E.I. Cespedes, H. Ponnekanti, Y. Yazdi, X. Li Elastography: a method for imaging the elasticity in biological tissues
[4]. Li YY, Wang XM, Zhang YX, Ou GC. Ultrasonic elastography in clinical quantitative assessment of fatty liver. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16(37):4733–4737. doi:10.3748/wjg.v16.i37.4733
[5]. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastography.

Abstract: Aim and objectives: to study acute kidney injury in pregnancy due to obstetric causes Methods: It is prospective study done in 36 patients in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology from August 2016 to December 2018 who presented with acute kidney injury related pregnancy. Results: The incidence of PRAKI in our study is 2/1000 deliveries. The main cause of AKI in pregnancy is preeclampsia and its complications (47.22%) followed by sepsis. The chief presenting symptoms is oliguria (86.11%). The Mean time of resolution of AKI is 16 days. The mean number of haemodialysis sessions required are 6. Most of them (82.85%) could recover partially whereas a complete recovery of renal injury is seen in 17.14% of patients. Maternal.......

[1]. Ujah IA, Aisien OA, Muthir JT, Vanderjagt DJ, Glew RH, Uguru VE, Factors contributing to maternal mortality in north – central Nigeria: A seventeen – year review. Afr J Reprod Health 2005 Dec; 9(3):27 – 40. 1
[2]. Gammill, H.S. and A. Jeyabalan, Acute renal failure in pregnancy. Critical Care Medicine, 2005. 33(10 Suppl): p. S372-84.
[3]. Prakash J, Kumar H, Sinha DK, et al. Acute renal failure in pregnancy in a developing country: twenty years of experience.Ren Fail 2006;28:309-313.
[4]. M. Saleem Najar, A. Rashid Shah, I. A. Wani, A. Rashid Reshi, K. A. Banday, M. Ashraf Bhat, and C. L. Saldanha. Pregnancy related acute kidney injury: A single center experience from the Kashmir Valley.[5]. Susana Machado 1, Nuno Figueiredo 1,Andreia Borges 1, Maria São José Pais 2,Luis Freitas 1, Paulo Moura 2, Acute kidney injury in pregnancy: a clinical Challenge Mario Campos Nephrology Department, Coimbra's University Hospitals,Coimbra – Portugal 2 Daniel de Matos Maternity Hospital, Coimbra – Portugal. JNEPHROL 2012; 25(01): 19- 30. 65.

Abstract: Congenital biotinidase deficiency (CBD) is a rare inborn error of metabolism, resulting in biotin deficiency. The recognition of clinical, laboratory and magnetic resonance imaging findings can help us to arrive at a correct diagnosis at the earliest which can enable institution of appropriate early treatment and prevention of late complications. We present the typical MRI findings in a 3 ½ month old baby who presented with multiple episodes of seizures which finally turned out to be profound biotinidase deficiency.

Key Words: Congenital biotinidase deficiency, recurrent seizures, skin manifestations, bilateral symmetrical diffusion restriction, cerebral atrophy

[1]. Ranjan RS, Taneja S, Singh A, Gupta V. Congenital biotinidase deficiency – MRI findings in two cases. Indian J Radiol Imaging, 2019;29:99-103.
[2]. Matthias R. Baumgartner, Pediatric Neurology Part III, Biotinidase deficiency Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2013.
[3]. Shamina Rahman, Susan standing, R Neil Dalton, Michael G Pike, Late presentation of biotinidase deficiency with acute visual loss and gait disturbance: Developmental medicine and child neurology, 1997, 39: 830-831.
[4]. Karimzadeh P, Ahmadabadi F, Jafari N, Jabbehdari S, Alaee MR, Ghofrani M, Taghdiri MM, Tonekaboni SH. Biotinidase Deficiency: A Reversible Neurometabolic Disorder (An Iranian Pediatric Case Series). Iran J Child Neurol. 2013 Autumn; 7(4):47- 52.
[5]. AmitavaDasgupta,, Biotin and other interferences in immunoassay, Chapter 2 - Biotin: Pharmacology, Pathophysiology, and Assessment of Biotin Status, , Pages 17-35, Elsevier 2019

Abstract: Introduction: The I-GEL is a novel supraglottic airway device, made up of medical-grade thermoplastic elastomer. It's soft, non-inflatable cuff causes easier insertion, minimal tissue compression and stability after insertion. This study evaluated the effectiveness of I-GEL over endotracheal tube with regards to respiratory and hemodynamic parameters. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the safety of the I-GEL as an effective airway compared to the traditional endotracheal tube in paediatric patients undergoing day care surgeries. Methods: After taking Institutional ethical committee approval, 60 children of age between 1 to 12 years, belonging to ASA PS class 1, undergoing elective....

Keywords: I-gel,Endotrachealtube,airway, supraglottic airway device

[1]. Intersurgical: User guide: i-gel® supraglottic airway, adult and paediatric sizes. Intersurgical, Wokingham, Berkshire, United Kingdom 2010Intersurgical, Intersurgical, Wokingham, Berkshire United Kingdom
[2]. Tandale SR, Dave NM, Garasia M. Evaluation of the I-gel, a supraglottic airway device in children undergoing day care surgery. Med J DY Patil Univ 2015;8:330-3
[3]. Lorenz G. Theiler, Maren Kleine-Brueggeney, Barbara Luepold, Franziska Stucki, Stefan Seiler, Natalie Urwyler, Robert Greif; Performance of the Pediatric-sized i-gel Compared with the AmbuAuraOnce Laryngeal Mask in Anesthetized and Ventilated Children. Anesthesiology 2011;115(1):102-110. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318219d619. [4]. Richez B, Saltel L, Banchereau F, Torrielli R, Cros AM: A new single use supraglottic airway device with a noninflatable cuff and an esophageal vent: An observational study of the i-gel. AnesthAnalg 2008; 106:1137–9Richez, B Saltel, L Banchereau, F Torrielli, R Cros, AM [5]. Beylacq L, Bordes M, Semjen F, Cros AM: The i-gel, a single-use supraglottic airway device with a non-inflatable cuff and an esophageal vent: An observational study in children. Acta AnaesthesiolScand 2009; 53:376–9Beylacq, L Bordes, M Semjen, F Cros, AM

Abstract: Snake bite is a major health hazard and contributes to significant mortality and morbidity especially in tropical countries. There is only scarce reliable data on the profile and outcome of snake bite envenomation from regions of South Asia. The clinical manifestations may differ with the geographical location. This may be due to various factors such as prevalence of the snake species, variation in venom constituents within the species, timing of the bites and the percentage of dry bites. This study was conducted from March 2014 to March 2017. A total of 220 Snake bite patients were studied during this period with......

Keywords: Snakebite, South india

[1]. Mohapatra B et al., Snakebite mortality in India: a nationally representative mortality survey of 1.1 million homes; for the Million Death Study collaborators, PloS. Negl. Trop. Dis., 2010
[2]. Jena A, Sarangi I (1993) Snakes of medical importance and snakebite treatment. Ashish Publishing house, New Delhi.
[3]. Anuradhani Kasturiratne, A.Rajitha Wickremasinge, Nilathi de Silva, N Kithsiri Gunawardena, Arunasalem Pathmeswaran, Ranjan Premaratna, Lorenzo Savioli, David G Lalloo, H Janaka de Silva. The Global Burden of Snakebite: A Literature Analysis and Modelling based on Regional Estimates of Envenoming and Deaths P Los Med. 2008.
[4]. Punde DP (2005) Management of Snake Bite in rural Maharashtra. A 10 year experience. Natl Med J India 18: 71-75.
[5]. Reddy N, Snakes KS (2002) The Synopsis of forensic medicine and toxicology.16th Edition, Hyderabad

Abstract: Background. To compare early post operative pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) with or without port site infiltration of local anaesthetic(LA). Methods. A total of 100 patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided in two groups. In group I, patients were subjected to port site infiltration of ropivacaine and in group II, patients were not subjected to any drug. Post operative pain was assessed using visual analogue scale(VAS) and a comparison was made between two groups for various parameters.......

Keywords: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC), Local anaesthetic(LA), Visual analogue scale(VAS), Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs(NSAIDS).

[1]. Wills VL, Hunt DR. Pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg. 2000 Mar;87(3):273-84.
[2]. Joris J et al. Metabolic and respiratory changes after cholecystectomy performed via laparotomy or laparoscopy. Br J Anaesth. 1992 oct;69(4):341-5.
[3]. Forani M, Miglietta C, Di Gioia S, Garrone C, Morino M. The use of intraoperative topical bupivacaine in the control of post-operative pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Minerva Chir. 1996;51:881-885.
[4]. Ure BM, Troidl H, Spangenberger W, et al. Pre incisional local anaesthesia with bupivacaine and pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A double-blind randomized clinical trial. Surg Endosc. 1993;7:482-488.
[5]. Tsimoyiannis EC, Glantzounis G, Lekkas ET, Siakas P, Jabarin M, Tzourou H. Intraperitoneal normal saline and bupivacaine infusion for reduction of postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc. 1998;8:416-420.

Abstract: Peri menstrual asthma (PMA), is a clinical situation that occurs in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, leading to worsening of asthma symptoms. The question of whether PMA is an under- or over-recognized condition has not been adequately addressed. Various studies, however, seem to suggest that 30 to 40% of female asthmatics experience a premenstrual worsening of symptoms. Whatever the true prevalence and true significance of PMA, most experienced clinicians recall various female patients whose asthma would significantly worsen on a monthly basis. A number of mechanisms have been postulated and investigated, such as "allergy to endogenous hormones,"psychological changes associated with the premenstrual syndrome,progesterone-induced hyperventilation, low progesterone levels at the onset of menses leading to bronchial smooth muscle constriction, progesterone potentiation of an unidentified bronchodilator, progesterone- mediated loss of microvascular integrity with subsequent oedema leak, dynamic fluctuations of oestrogen levels after sustained........

Key words: Perimenstrual asthma, Pulmonary functions, progesterone

[1]. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program: Expert panel report III: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. Bethesda, MD: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2007. (NIH publication no. 08-4051) www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma/asthgdln.htm (Accessed on June 03, 2018).
[2]. Global Initiative for Asthma. 2017 GINA Report: Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention www.ginasthma.org (Accessed on October 13, 2017).
[3]. Jasrotia RB, Kanchan A, Hathi GK, Harsoda JM. Knowledge, attitude and practices of Indian girls on various aspects of menstruation. Transworld Medical Journal, 2013; 1(1): 14-7.
[4]. Brenner BE, Holmes SE, Mazal B, Camargo CA Jr. Relation between phase of the menstrual cycle and asthma presentations in the emergency department. Thorax 2005;60:806.
[5]. Rao CK, Moore CG, Bleecker E, et al. Characteristics of perimenstrual asthma and its relation to asthma severity and control: data from the Severe Asthma Research Program . Chest 2013;143:984..

Abstract: Connu depuis 1892 et très peu présent dans les diagnostics, le Syndrome miroir ou Syndrome de Ballantyne est une pathologie maternelle désignant un syndrome d'anasarque foetale compliqué d'oedèmes maternels plus ou moins généralisés accompagnés d'albuminurie et parfois d'une anémie. C'est une entité clinique rare. Nous en rapportons un cas diagnostiqué dans notre formation sanitaire avec une revue de la littérature pour interpeller les cliniciens sur l'existence de ce syndrome qui pourrait être sous diagnostiqué au profit du diagnostic facile de la prééclampsie devant l'association HTA, protéinurie et oedèmes maternels avec laquelle il échange une similitude clinique........

Keywords: Syndrome miroir, Anasarque foetale, OEdèmes maternels, prééclampsie

[1]. Ballantyne JW. The disease and deformities of the fetus. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1892.
[2]. Brandenburg H1, de Krijger RR, Visser W and al. Maternal complications of fetal hydrops. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2002;146:2367-70.
[3]. Delaby B, Lanta-Delmas S, Gondry J. Syndrome de Ballantyne résolutif après interruption sélective chez une grossesse gémellaire. J Gyn Obst Biol Reprod 2008;37:88-92.
[4]. Espinoza J, Romero R, Nien JK and al. A role for the antiangiogenic factor S VEGFR-1 in the ‗‗mirror syndrome'' (Ballantine Syndrome). J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2006;19:607-13.
[5]. Pirhonen JP, Hartgill TW. Spontaneous reversal of mirror syndrome in a twin pregnancy after a single fetal death. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2004;116:106—7..

Abstract: AIM & OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the cosmetic and functional outcome and compare the complications of various ptosis surgeries done for correction of blepharoptosis at a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: 23 patients with 25 eyelids who had undergone ptosis surgery for blepharoptosis were included in our study. Patients of all age groups and either sex who post-operatively completed a follow–up period at 1, 3, 6 months were included in the study and grouped under five groups-levator resection,levator advancement, silicon rod sling, Fascia Lata sling, FasanellaServat surgery. The postoperative outcome and complications were noted in all cases. RESULTS: Out of 25 eyelids operated for blepharoptosis, 21 cases (84%) had good, and4 cases (16%) had fair post-operative......

Keywords: Ptosis, blepharoptosis, levator resection,levator advancement, fascia lata sling, silicon rod sling, FasanellaServat surgery.

[1]. Allard FD, Durairaj VD. Current Techniques in Surgical Correction of Congenital Ptosis. Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology.2010; 17 (2): 129-133.
[2]. Sakol PJ, Mannor G, Massaro BM. Congenital and acquired blepharoptosis. CurrOpin Ophthalmol.1999; 10: 335–9.
[3]. Smith B, McCord CD, Baylis H. Surgical treatment of blepharoptosis. Am J Ophthalmol.1969; 68: 92–9.
[4]. Gureico JR, Martyn LJ. Congenital Malformation of eye and orbit. Otolaryngol Clinic North Am.2007;40:113-40.
[5]. Beard C. Ptosis surgery: past, present, and future. OphthalPlastReconstr Surg.1985; 1: 69–72.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION:The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major and escalating public-health and clinical challenge worldwide in the wake of urbanization, surplus energy intake, increasing obesity, and sedentary life habits. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is widely used as a measure to predict the future risk of T2DM(Type II Diabetes Mellitus) and CVD(Cardiovascular Disease). Association between MetS and stroke has been confirmed in populations integrated by elderly subjects, and the frequency of MetS has been reported to be significantly higher in patients with a history of atherothrombotic or nonembolic ischemic stroke. This study was conducted in hundred patients who presented with either coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular accidents to know the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components as per NCEP: ATP III 2001 criteria

[1]. Sarah.H.Wild Christopher D Byre The Global burden of metabolic syndrome and its consequences for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
[2]. Ravinder Garg et al., Sch. J. App. Med. Sci., 2014; 2(6A):1967-1972 [3]. Ming-hui gui et al., 2016, Effect of Metabolic Syndrome Score, Metabolic Syndrome, and Its Individual Components on the Prevalence and Severity of Angiographic Coronary Artery Disease.,Chin Med J (Engl). 2017 Mar 20; 130(6): 669–677.
[4]. Senthil N et al. Int J Res Med Sci. 2015 Nov;3(11):3171-3176
[5]. Benghazi-libya -A pilOt study -libyAn 1 med Acp:080175. MetabolicSyndrome in type 2 diabetes in libya...

Abstract: Introduction: Kidney disease is a global health burden in recent times. A large number of people all over the world are suffering from some form of kidney disease. The pattern of kidney disease may differ in different parts of the world. Moreover, a large number of kidney patients suffer from Chronic Kidney Disease. Objectives: The objective of this study is to identify the Relationship of diabetes and chronic kidney disease with hypertension. Methods and Materials: The study was carried out in an institution specialized in research, the Relationship in chronic kidney disease diabetes and with hypertension patients. The name of the institution is Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura, Bangladesh. A total of 200 subjects data were taken under this study for analyzing their cases who were registered patients at the institute in July to December, 2018. From the patients file, respective data were collected for further analysis. Results: The prevalence......

Keywords: Kidney Disease, Chronic Kidney Disease, Diabetes, Hypertension, Critical Age Range.

[1]. Glodny, B., Unterholzner, V., Taferner, B., Hofmann, K. J., Rehder, P., Strasak, A., & Petersen, J. (2009). Normal kidney size and its influencing factors-a 64-slice MDCT study of 1.040 asymptomatic patients. BMC urology, 9(1), 19.
[2]. Gulati, S. (2017). Hematuria. [online] Available at:https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/981898-overview [3]. Wikipedia.com, (2017). Pyelonephritis. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyelonephritis
[4]. Mayoclinic.org, (2017). Glomerulonephritis. [online] Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glomerulonephritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355705
[5]. Batuman, V. (2017) Diabetic Nephropathy. [online] Available at:https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238946-overview

Abstract: Hydatid Cyst is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stages of Echinococcus granulosis, which is endemic in the Mediterranean region, Africa, Australia, South America, the Middle East, and India1. Hydatid cyst can occur most commonly in Liver 50%- 77%, lung 15%- 47%, spleen 0.5%-0.8% and Kidney 2%-4%.But Hydatid Cyst in Pancreatic head is a rare presentation of 0.14%-2%, with only 20 cases reported so far in India

Keywords: Hydatid Cyst of Pancreas, Choledochal cyst, Pancreatic Cyst.

[1]. S. Akbulut, et al., Hydatid cyst of the pancreas: report of an undiagnosed case of pancreatic hydatid cyst and brief literature review, World J. Gastrointest. Surg. 6 (10) (2014) 190–200.
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[3]. A. Mandelia, et al., Pancreatic hydatid cyst masquerading as a choledochal cyst, J. Pediatr. Surg. 47 (11) (2012) e41–e44.
[4]. Z. Turkyilmaz, et al., Obstructive jaundice resulted from hydatid cyst ofpancreatic head, Hippokratia 17 (4) (2013) 378–379.
[5]. 5. D.B. Lewall, S.J. McCorkell, Hepatic echinococcal cysts: sonographic appearance and classification, Radiology 155 (3) (1985) 773–775.

Abstract: Background : To study the prevalence and symptomatology of meibomian gland dysfunction in 50-80 years age group attending Ophthalmology outpatient department of Govt. Medical College, Patiala (Punjab). Material and Methods: Patients between 50-80 years of age attending out patients services of Ophthalmology Department, for defective vision or other symptoms were included in the study after applying exclusion criteria. After taking history the patients were examined on slit lamp. Meibomian gland dysfunction was labeled if any one eye showed clinical signs of lid margin features of Meibomian gland involvement i.e. plugging, vascularity, altered secretions, Meibomian gland drop out and displacement. Expressibility and Ocular Surface staining was also performed. Results: In the present study 200 persons of more than 50 years of age (100 males and 100 females) attending outpatient department were examined clinically for presence or absence of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).......

Keywords: Meibomian gland dysfunction grading, symptomatology, dry eye, Punjab

[1]. Nichols KK, Foulks GN, Bron AJ, Glasgow BJ, Dogru M, Tsubota K, et al. The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction : Executive summary. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:1922-1928.
[2]. Geerling G, Tauber J, Bauduoin C, Goto E, Matsumoto Y, O' Brien T et al. The International Workshop on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction : Report of the Subcommittee on Management and Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:2050-64.
[3]. Tong L, Chaursia SS, Mehta JS, Beuerman RW (2010) Screening for meibomian gland disease : its relation to dry eye subtypes and symptoms in a tertiary referral clinic in Singapore. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 51(7):3449-3454.
[4]. Lemp MA, Crews LA, Bron AJ, Foulks GN, Sullivan BD (2012) Distribution of aqueous deficient and evaporative dry eye in a clinic based patient cohort; a retrospective study. Cornea 31(5):4723-478.
[5]. Basak SK, Pal PP, Basak S, Bandyopadhyay A, Choudhury S, Sar S. Prevalence of Dry Eye Diseases in hospital based population in West Bengal. Eastern India. J Indian Med Assoc 2012; 110:789-94.

Abstract: Identifying a patient as a Jehovah witness is a key step in prenatal care otherwise unidentified can cause a major havoc in Case of haemorrhagic emergencies and can even cause maternal death. All the caring people who are managing these cases should be fully aware of all the medical & surgical modalities in the absence of blood transfusion and preventing the death of a mother.....

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