iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2019

Abstract: Drug addiction prevents the individual from realizing his or her full potential .In doing so,it acts as an obstacle to social development .The social and economic cost of drug abuse impose a massive strain of the infrastructure go developing and the developed countries .Illicit drug production diverts humans from more productive activities and weakens the foundation for long term economic growth. The organizations associated with the international drug abuse trafficking threatens to corrupt and destabilize the institute of government .The crime associated with drugs, much of it violent ,makes a misery of many lives .In the past focus was primarily on the product – the illicit drug themselves .In recent years ,the focus has become more balanced ,with a shift in emphasis towards the individual ,the ultimate victim of the global malady..

Key words: substance abuse, young age, socio economic background, remedy

[1]. Bhim, S. (1991). Drug addiction Alcoholism, Smoking obscenity & their impact on Crimes,Terrorism & Social Security (1st Edition). Mittal Publication, New Delhi
[2]. Caravalho, V., Pinsky, I., De Souza e Silva, R., Carlini-Cotrim, B. (1995). Drug and Alcohol Use and Family Characteristics. A Study among Brazilian High School Students, Addiction (90) 65-72.
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[4]. Commission on Narcotic Drugs (1996). General Debate, Crops from which Drugs are Extracted and Appropriate Strategies for their Reduction. Report of the Secretariat, United Nations Economic and Social Council. , pp 246-253
[5]. Dhadpale, M. (1997). Alcoholism Among Outpatients with Psychiatric Morbidity. (A Kenyan study). Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 39(4), 300-303.

Abstract: Introduction : Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease due to deficiency of insulin leading to elevated blood sugars which affects end organs by affecting micro and macro vasculature. About 7% of newly registered blind are due to DR and there is 15 times more chance of diabetics to become blind than non-diabetics. Aim: To evaluate the risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methodology: Total 1000 eyes of 500 patients with history of diabetes were studied within a span of 2years. Results :Duration of Diabeties, Glycemic Control, Smoking, Hyperlipidemia, Hypertension were associated with onset and progression of DR. Conclusion : Concomitant avoidance of risk factors lead to better visual outcome..

[1]. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes care. 2014 Jan 1;37(Supplement 1):S81-90.

[2]. Cai XL, Fang W, Ji LN. Risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Chinese medical journal. 2006 May 1;119(10):822-6.

[3]. Fowler MJ. Microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Clinical diabetes. 2008 Apr 1;26(2):77-82.

[4]. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). The lancet. 1998 Sep 12;352(9131):837-53.

5]. Keenan HA, Costacou T, Sun JK, Doria A, Cavellerano J, Coney J, Orchard TJ, Aiello LP, King GL. Clinical factors associated with resistance to microvascular complications in diabetic patients of extreme disease duration: the 50-year medalist study. Diabetes Care. 2007 Aug 1;30(8):1995-7

Abstract: Transporting of neonates is the greatest challenge faced today in the outcome of neonates in our country. We have scarce and inaccessible facilities, no any accomplice for enroute and underdeveloped communication system. Many babies thus transported are cold, blue and hypoglycaemic. This study aims to study the applicationof TOPS score and its effect on outcome. Illness severity scores have been used as predictors of neonatal mortality, to give prognostic information to parents about their baby,to identify high risk babies for prompt action (triage) and for standardized comparisons between neonatal units for quality assessment. To evaluatethe TOPS (Temperature,Oxygenation,Perfusion and blood Sugar) score predictive value for hospital death so as to institute an easy.............

Key Words: Neonatal transport, TOPS score, Morbidity & Mortality

[1]. Sehgal Arvind, M.S.Roy, N.K.Dubey, M.C.Jyothi. Factors contributing to outcome in newborns delivered out of Hospital and referred to a teaching Institution. Indian pediatr 2001; 38: 1289-94.
[2]. NNFclinicalpracticeguidelines.http://www.nnfi.org/i mages/pdf/nnf_cpg_consolidated_filejanuary102011.pdfAccesed on 13/2/2011.
[3]. Kemply ST, Sinha AK, .Census of neonatal transfers in London and the south East of England. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal ed 2004; 89; F521-F26.
[4]. Rashid A, Bhutta T, Berry A. A regionalized transport service, the way ahead? Arch Dis Child 1999; 80; 488-92
[5]. Umar P, Kumar C, Venkatlakshmi A. Long distance neonatal transport-the need of hour. Indian pediatr 2008; 45:920-22..

Abstract: Apthous ulceration is a recurrent and painful inflammatory process occurring in the oral cavity due to several predisposing etiologic factors.Trauma,microorganisms,immunology,allergy and nutritional deficiencies are the commonly implicated etiologic factors. Inspite of their higher prevelance,the etiopathogenesis of the condition still remains an enigma.The review presents the clinical features,diagnostic criteria,etiopathogenesis and current management protocols of this exacting condition.

Key Words: Apthous ulcer, Pain ,Trauma ,Microorganisms

[1]. CompilatoD,CarroccioA,CalvinoF,DiFedeG,CampisiG.(2010).Hemtological deficencies in patients with recurrent apthosis,J Eur Acad Dermatol Venerol.Vol 24(6):667-73.
[2]. Jurge S,Kuffer R,Scully C,Porter SR.(2006).Mucosal Disease Series Number V1-Recurrent Apthous Stomatitis.Oral Diseases,Vol 12,1-21.
[3]. Kramer IR,Pindborg JJ,Bezroukov V,Infirrin JS.(1980) to epidemiology and diagnosis of oral mucosal diseases and conditions.WHO Community Dent Epidenmiol Vol 8:1-26.
[4]. PatilS,ReddySN,MaheswariS,Khandelwal S, Shruthi D and Doni B.(2014)Prevalence of recurrent apthous ulceration in Indian population.Journal of ClinExp.Dent.Vol 6(1);36-40.
[5]. Szpanav E,Slebioda Z,Mania-Konsko A.(2006).Reccurent apthous stomatitis in patients attending Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases of Poznam Medical University on the basis of 10 years observation.Czas Stomatol;Vol 61; 488-94..

Abstract: Primary breast lymphoma is a rare disease accounting for 0.4-0.5% of all breast malignancies. They are even more rare in males. Amongst the various types of breast lymphomas, Most breast lymphomas are of B cell origin. Here we present a case of 65 year old male who presented with swelling and irritation over his left chest. Initial diagnosis of Carcinoma breast was made, followed by thorough investigations the patient underwent Modified radical mastectomy. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of Diffuse lymphoma of the breast. Patient was kept on follow-up and advised adjuvant chemotherapy

Keywords: Lymphoma, Male breast, carcinoma breast.

[1]. Jeanneret-Sozzi W, Taghian A, Epelbaum R, et al. Primary breast lymphoma: patient profile, outcome and prognostic factors. A multicentre Rare Cancer Network study. BMC Cancer. 2008;8:86.

[2]. Jennings WC, Baker RS, Murray SS, et al. Primary breast lymphoma: the role of mastectomy and the importance of lymph node status. Ann Surg. 2007;245:784–9.
[3]. Joks M, Myśliwiec K, Lewandowski K. Review paper<br>Primary breast lymphoma – a review of the literature and report of three cases. Archives of Medical Science. 2011;7(1):27-33. doi:10.5114/aoms.2011.20600.
[4]. L. Liberman, C.S. Giess, D.D. Dershaw, D.C. Louie, B.M. DeutchNon-Hodgkin lymphoma of the breast: imaging characteristics and correlation with histopathologic findings..

Abstract: First case of Ewing's sarcoma of kidney was reported in the year 1975. They are rarely found high-grade malignant potentials, with poor prognosis. Ewing sarcoma/PNET of the kidney is sparse, with less than 100 cases reported in the literature. We are hereby presenting a case of 19 years old female with complaints of vague abdominal pain.CECT abdomen and pelvis revealed a 16x16x15cms heterogenous hypoechoic mass arising from upper pole of left kidney.Radical nephrectomy was done. .Immuno-histochemistry shows positivity for CD99, FLI-1 and negative for WT-1.Morphology in correlation with IHC is consistent with Ewing's sarcoma family of tumours.6 cycles of chemotherapy with VAC regimen was planned and patient was kept on regular follow-up..

Key words: CD99, Ewings sarcoma family of tumors, Immuno-histochemistry, Radical nephrectomy, VAC regimen

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[5]. N. Lalwani, S. R. Prasad, R. Vikram, V. Katabathina, A. Shanbhogue, and C. Restrepo, "Pediatric and adult primary sarcomas of the kidney: a cross-sectional imaging review," Acta Radiologica, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 448–457, 2011..

Abstract: Background: Autonomic dysfunction is known to occur in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) patients. Effects of yogic techniques on autonomic dysfunctions in these patients are not well studied. Aim:We aimed at studying the effects of yogic techniques on PCOS patients having autonomic dysfunction by recording Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Method: The study was carried out in the Department of Physiology in collaboration with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. Thirty newly diagnosed PCOS cases having autonomic dysfunction were.........

Keywords: PCOS, Heart Rate Variability, Autonomic dysfunction, Yogic techniques.

[1]. Norman RJ, Dewailly D, Legro RS, Hickey TE. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Lancet 2007;370: 685–697.
[2]. Yildirir A, Aybar F, Kabakci G, Yarali H, Oto A. Heart rate variability in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2006; 11: 306-312.
[3]. Di Domenico K, Wiltgen D, Nickel FJ, Magalhaes JA, Moraes RS, Spritzer PM. Cardiac autonomic modulation in polycystic ovary syndrome: Does the phenotype matter? Fertil Steril 2013;99:286-92.
[4]. Heider U, Pedal I, Spanel-Borowski K. Increase in nerve fibers and loss of mast cells in polycystic and postmenopausal ovaries. Fertil Steril 2001;75: 1141–1147.
[5]. Garcia-Rudaz C, Armando I, Levin G, Escobar ME, Barontini M. Peripheral catecholamine alterations in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf);1998; 49:221–228.

Abstract: Introduction: TTK Chitra heart valve prosthesis (CHVP) is a tilting disc artificial heartvalve which has an ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene disc, Haynes-25 alloycage, and polyester suture ring. Because of itslow cost and proven efficacy, apart from its use in India, the TTK-Chitra valveis also being exported to other countries. Material & Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out between period April 2015 to December 2018 in the department of cardiothoracic and vascular surgery, Government General Hospital, Guntur. Results: In the study period, a total of 167 TTK Chitra valves were implanted in the aortic and/ or mitral positions. 80 patients underwent......

Keywords: TTK Chitra valve, Mitral Valve Replacement, Aortic Valve Replacement , evaluation

[1]. Kalyani nair, C V Muraleedharan and G S Bhuvaneshwar . Developments inmechanical heart valve prosthesis. Sadhana 2003;28:575-87.
[2]. Krishna Manohar SS, Valiathan, Sankar Kumar, Balakrishnan, Venkitachalam, GS Bhuvaneshwar, Experience with the Chitraprosthetic valve: Early results of Clinical trial. Indian J of Thorac and Cardiovasc Surg 1991; 7: 105–08.
[3]. Bhuvaneshwar GS, Muraleedharan CV, Arthun Vijayan C, Sankar kumar R, Valiathan MS, Development of the Chitra tilting discheart valve prosthesis. J Heart Valve Dis 1996; 5: 448–58.
[4]. Sankarkumar R, Bhuvaneshwar GS, Magotra MS et al. Chitra Heart valve: Results of a multicentre clinical study. J Heart Valve Dis2001; 10: 5: 619–27.
[5]. Pawan Kumar, Bharat Dalvi, RaghvendraChikkatur, Pranav Kandhachar;TTK Chitra tilting disc valve: Hemodynamic evaluation. lnd J Thorac CardiovascSurg, 2004; 20:117-121.

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate thyroid profile in pregnancy with special reference to anti-TPO antibodies and maternal and foetal outcomes in those with deranged thyroid profile.
Materials and Methods: It was a prospective study done at Rajendra Hospital and GMC, Patiala. 500 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy irrespective of age, gestational age, parity and socioeconomic status were included. Those with multiple pregnancy and known case of any thyroid disorder were excluded. Written informed consent obtained. A detailed history and examination was done .Along with routine investigations estimation of T3, T4 and TSH was done. In those with deranged.........

[1]. Reid SM, Middleton P, Cossich MC, Crowther CA, Bain E. Interventions for clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Systematic Review. 2013;5(05).
[2]. Okosieme OE, Marx H, Lazarus JH. Medical management of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy and the postpartum. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy. 2008;9(13):2281-93.
[3]. De Groot L, Abalovich M, Alexander EK, Amino N, Barbour L, Cobin RH et al. Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2012;97(8):2543-65.
[4]. Stagnaro-Green A, Abalovich M, Alexander E, Azizi F, Mestman J, Negro R et al. Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum. Thyroid. 2011;21(10):1081-125.
[5]. LeBeau SO, Mandel SJ. Thyroid disorders during pregnancy. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics. 2006;35(1):117-36.

Abstract: The lungs are essential organs of respiration and are situated in the thoracic cavity on either side of themediastinum. The arrangement of lung tissue into lobes by fissures facilitates the movements of the lobes inrelation to one another thus helping in uniform expansion of the whole lung in inspiration. The fissure may becomplete, incomplete, or absent altogether. In the presence of these major variations, the left lung may have threelobes and the right lung may have four or only two lobes. The identification of the completeness of the fissureis important before lobectomy. Individuals with incomplete fissure are more prone to develop postoperative airleaks. Methods: 62 adult lungsavailable in the department were studied and the fissures with respect to the borders were noted.........

Keywords: Fissure, Lobe, Accessory Fissure, Accessory Lobe.

[1]. Shah P, Johnson D, Standring S. Thorax. In: StandringS, editor. Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis ofClinical Practice. 39th ed. Edinburgh: ChurchillLivingstone; 2005. p.1068-9.
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[3]. Ambali MP, Jadhav SD.; Doshi MR, Patil; Roy P, DesaiRR. Variations of Lung Fissures: A Cadaveric Study.Journal of Krishna Institute of Medical SciencesUniversity. 2014; 3(1):85-89.
[4]. SM Jacob, Pillay M. Variations in the Inter-lobarFissures of Lungs Obtained from Cadavers of SouthIndian Origin. Int J Morphol2013; 31(2):497-9.
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Abstract: This is a cross sectional comparative case control study assessing the Relationship between cognitive impairment and socio demographic and clinical variables in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Bronchial Asthma in comparison to healthy individuals. It is found that patients with COPD have significant cognitive deficits in comparison to patients with bronchial asthma.The cognitive impairment is related to to age , educationa ,occupation ,duration , severity of illness and steroid medication.

Key words: cognitive impairment, COPD, Bronchial Asthma, socio demographic, clinical variables

[1]. Dodd JW, Getov SV, Jones PW. Cognitive function in COPD. Eur Respir J.2010; 35:913-922.
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[3]. Stuss DT, Peterkin I, Guzman DA, Guzman C, Troyer AK. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effects of hypoxia on neurological and neuropsychological measures. J. Clin Exp neuropsychol ; 1997(4) : 515-524.
[4]. Inclazi RA, Chiappini F, Fuso L, Torrica MP, Gemma A, Pistelli R. Predicting cognitive decline in patients with hypoxaemic COPD. Respir Med. 1998. Volume 92, Issue 3, 527-533.
[5]. Kozora E, Filley CM, Julian LJ, Cullum M. Cognitive functioning in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and mild hypoxemia compared with patients with mild Alzheimer disease and normal controls. NNBN 1999; 12: 178-183..

Abstract: Introduction- Ki67 expression is a biomarker for proliferation. Expression of ki 67 and its Association with other prognostic factors in breast cancer is recognised significantly. Aim-(1) To classify breast cancer on the basis of Ki 67 and hormone status( molecular subtypes).(3)To correlate ki67 with other clinicopathological parameters. Method- 77 breast cancer women with invasive ductal carcinoma(MRM specimen) were included in this study. Hormone receptor status, HER2 status and ki67 index were determined for breast cancer subtype. Age, tumor size, lymph node involvement, histological grade, nuclear grade, and lymphovascular invasion were evaluated and correlated with Ki67 index. Statistics used -Chi square test Results- In our study...........

Key words: Ki67 index, breast cancer

[1]. Ghoncheh M, M. Z. Epidemiology, incidence and mortality of breast cancer in Asia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016 ; 17(S3): 47-52.
[2]. Leong AS, Z. Z. (2011). The changing role of pathology in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Pathobiology , 2011 jun14, 99-114.
[3]. ScholzenT ,Gerdes, J. (2000 , March). The Ki-67 protein: From the known and the unknown. Journal of Cellular Physiology, Volume 182, Issue 3, 311-322.
[4]. Dowsett M, Nielsen TO, A'Hern R, Bartlett J, Coombes RC, Cuzick J, Ellis M, Henry NL, Hugh JC, Lively T et al (2011) Assessment of Ki67 in breast cancer: recommendations from the International Ki67 in Breast Cancer Working Group. J Natl Cancer Inst 103:1656–1664

[5]. Consuelo Morigi. Highlights from the 15th St Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference 15–18 March, 2017, Vienna: tailored treatments for patients with early breast cancer.Ecancermedicalscience. 2017; 11: 732

Abstract: Background: Seizure is one of the common causes of childhood hospitalization with significant mortality and morbidity. There is limited data regarding acute seizures episodes form the developing countries. Current study aims to find the prevalence and seizure semiology and short term outcome in children presenting to a tertiary center in Mahabubnagar, Telangana. Methods: This prospective observational study was done at department of Pediatrics, S.V.S. Medical College and Hospital, Mahabubnagar, Telangana from......

Key words-Seizures, febrile seizure, CNS Infections, neurocysticercosis

[1]. Stafstrom CE, Carmant L. Seizures and epilepsy: an overview for neuroscientists. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2015 Jun 1;5(6). pii: a022426. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022426.

[2]. El-Radhi AS. Management of seizures in children. Br J Nurs. 2015 Feb 12-25;24(3):152-5. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2015.24.3.152.

[3]. Friedman MJ, Sharieff GQ. Seizures in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2006 Apr; 53(2):257-77.
[4]. Sastry CPVR, Reddy RM. Study of prevalence and clinical spectrum of seizures in children in a teaching hospital in rural Telangana, India. Int J Contemp Pediatr 2018; 5:862-6.
[5]. Gadgil P, Udani V. Pediatric epilepsy: The Indian experience. J Pediatr Neurosci 2011; 6:S126-9..

Abstract: Introduction: The diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis remains challenging.The routinely used methods have sub-optimal sensitivity.Recently,WHO recommends GeneXpert to be used as the initial diagnostic test in patients suspected of having extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.However,this was a conditional recommendation.In this study we evaluated the performance of Xpert for the diagnosis of TBL on concentrated fine needle aspirates (FNA) in Chamba. Methods: FNA was collected from presumptive TBL cases. Two smears were prepared from each aspirate and processed for cytology and conventional microscopy The concentrated sediment was used for culture and Xpert test.Composite bacteriological methods (culture and/or smear microscopy) were considered as a reference standard........

[1]. Arora VK, Chopra KK-Extra pulmonary Tuberculosis. Indian J Tuber 2007;54:165-7.
[2]. Kurabachew M, EngerØ, SandaaR-A , Skuce R, BjorvatnB (2004) A multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for genus-,group-and species-specific detection of mycobacteria. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease 49:99–104. PMID:15183858
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[4]. Kidane D ,Olobo JO, Habte A ,Negesse Y,Aseffa A ,et al. (2002) Identification of the causative organism of tuberculous lymphadenitis in Ethiopia by PCR.Journal of clinical microbiology 40:4230–4. PMID:12409403
[5]. Ammari FF, Hani AHB, Ghariebeh KI (2003) Tuberculosis of the lymph glands of the neck :alimited role forsurgery.Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery 128:576–80.PMID:12707664

Abstract: Background: Juvenile cystic adenoma is an uncommon type of adenomyosis . It affects young girls and usually manifests as severe dysmenorrhea and recurrent pelvic pain.main .Aim of study is to raise awareness about ACUM ;its characterization;location;early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Materials And Methods: Laparoscopic excision of cystic adenomyoma of the uterus occurring in 5 young women is reported which were misdiagnosed pre-operatively as a hematometra in a non-communicating horn of the unicornuate uterus. Results: Histopathologic examination of the resected tissues showed the presence of an endometrial structure composed of epithelium and stroma within myometrial nodule. In these patients, dysmenorrhea disappeared postoperatively..........

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[5]. Kriplani A, Mahey R, Agarwal N, Bhatla N, Yadav R, Singh MK. Laparoscopic management of juvenile cystic adenomyoma: four cases. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2011; 18:343–8.

Abstract: Crown fractures account for the majority of dental traumas. Disfigurement of anterior teeth have a physical and emotional impact on the patient. If handled properly, prognosis of the pulp following a traumatic crown fracture can be favorable. Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is the treatment of choice for traumatized or carious teeth with vital pulp exposure.VPT allows continuation of the root formation, which leads to apical closure, stronger root structure, and a greater structural integrity. The present case report focuses on the treatment of a traumatized mature permanent incisor with exposed pulp that was treated with the novel technique of partial pulpotomy using calcium hydroxide...........

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[2]. De Blanco LP. Treatment of crown fractures with pulp exposure. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1996;82(5):564–8.
[3]. P Goenka, N Marwah SD. Biological approach for management of anterior tooth trauma: Triple case report. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2010;28(3):223–9.
[4]. C. M. Forsberg and G. Tedestam. "Etiological and predispos- ing factors related to traumatic injuries to permanent teeth,." Swed Dent J. 17(5):183–190.
[5]. Martinez-Marquez B, Ojeda-Gutierrez F, Pozos-Guillen A, Arteaga-Larios S, Ruiz-Rodriguez MS. Management and Followup of Complicated Crown Fractures in Young Patients Treated with Partial Pulpotomy. Case Rep Dent. 2013;2013:1–5..