iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-12 ~ December 2023

Abstract: Anti-phospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune multisystem disorder characterized by arterial, venous or small vessel thromboembolic events and /or pregnancy morbidity in the presence of persistent antiphospholipid antibodies.(1) It may occur as a primary condition or may be secondary to an underlying autoimmune disease, most commonly, SLE. In addition to the hallmark features of venous/ arterial or small vessel thrombosis and pregnancy related complications, other features of APS includes TIA, thrombocytopenia, livedo reticularis.(2) In rare cases APS results in multiorgan failure to small vessel thrombosis, a condition referred to as catastrophic APS.(3)

[1]. Naik SN, Raghavendra Y. Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome - A Case Report. Ayu. 2017;38(1–2):62–5.
[2]. Stoupakis G, Bejjanki R, Arora R. Case Report: Acute Myocardial Infarction In A 32-Year-Old White Male Found To Have Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome And MTHFR Mutation Homozygosity. Heart & Lung. 2003 Jul;32(4):266–71.
[3]. Vora SK, Asherson RA, Erkan D. Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome. J Intensive Care Med. 2006 May;21(3):144–59.
[4]. Pengo V, Biasiolo A, Pegoraro C, Cucchini U, Noventa F, Iliceto S. Antibody Profiles For The Diagnosis Of Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Thromb Haemost. 2005;93(06):1147–52.
[5]. Ruffatti A, Calligaro A, Hoxha A, Trevisanuto D, Ruffatti AT, Gervasi MT, Et Al. Laboratory And Clinical Features Of Pregnant Women With Antiphospholipid Syndrome And Neonatal Outcome. Arthritis Care Res. 2010 Mar;62(3):302–7.

Abstract: Quality of life and the impact of puberphonia in boys are important because it is a specific, relevant, common condition of unknown aetiology. The perception of puberphonia (male talking in female voice disorder) by medical professionals and the public is the same all over the world. We are the pioneers in bringing out the true nature of puberphonia, treating it, and introducing a new concept of puberphonia. The puberphonia requires no breach of confidentiality. Because it is not a disease. Don't keep the puberphonia voice secret and suffer. More intensive study is done for 30 years to address clinical issues related to puberphonia. It reveals the problems of puberphonia: depression, loneliness, cowardice.....

Key Word: Puberphoia, Devastation, Female voice, Homosexual

[1]. Stephanie Misono, MD MPH, Assistant Professor, Carol B. Peterson, Phd, Research Associate, Assistant Professor, Liza Meredith, BS, Graduate Research Assistant, Kathryn Banks, BA, Research Assistant, Dipankar Bandyopadhyay, Phd, Associate Professor, Bevan Yueh, MD MPH, Professor And Chair, And Patricia A. Frazier, Phd, Professor And Associate Chair, Psychosocial Distress In Patients Presenting With Voice Concerns, J Voice. Author Manuscript; Available In PMC 2015 Nov .Published In Final Edited Form As:J Voice. 2014 Nov; 28(6): 753–761.Published Online 2014 Jun .
Doi: 10.1016/J.Jvoice.2014.02.010,PMCID: PMC4252975,NIHMSID: NIHMS570816, PMID: 24930373
[2]. Avi Besser,Hadassah Academic College.,Virgil Zeigler-Hill,Oakland University Sari Lotem When A Man Sounds Like A Woman: The Consequences Of Puberphonia For Perceived Romantic Desirability And Attractiveness For Relationships, Accepted: 29 January 2022, February 2022 Current Psychology,DOI:10.1007/S12144-022-02837-1,© The Author(S), Under Exclusive Licence To Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, Part Of Springer Nature 2022
[3]. Janet Baker , Psychogenic Voice Disorders And Traumatic Stress Experience: A Discussion Paper With Two Case Reports, J Voice,. 2003 Sep;17(3):308-18., Doi: 10.1067/S0892- 1997(03)00015-].

Abstract: Background: A subtype of severe skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) known as necrotizing fasciitis (NF) results in the necrosis of subcutaneous tissues and muscle fascia. Necrotizing fasciitis has a 50% death rate in the absence of adequate resuscitation and prompt surgical intervention. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs alter the physiological reactions of the body to major surgeries and promote early recovery. The objective of this study is to study the role of the....

Key Word: enhanced recovery after surgery (eras); necrotizing fasciitis (nf); radical debridement; laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis (lrinec) score; bates jensen wound assessment tool (bwat) score

[1]. Lange JH, Cegolon L: Comment On: Early Clinical Manifestations Of Vibrio Necrotising Fasciitis . Singapore Med J. 2018, 59:449. 10.11622/Smedj.2018098
[2]. Wong CH, Chang HC, Pasupathy S, Et Al.: Necrotizing Fasciitis: Clinical Presentation, Microbiology, And Determinants Of Mortality. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003, 85:1454-1460.
[3]. Nawijn F, Smeeing DPJ, Houwert RM, Et Al.: Time Is Of The Essence When Treating Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. World J Emerg Surg. 202015, 4-2020. 10.1186/S13017-019-0286-6
[4]. Wong CH, Khin LW, Heng KS, Et Al.: The LRINEC (Laboratory Risk Indicator For Necrotizing Fasciitis) Score: A Tool For Distinguishing Necrotizing Fasciitis From Other Soft Tissue Infections. Crit Care Med. 2004, 32:1535-1541.
10.1097/01.Ccm.0000129486.35458.7d
[5]. Bates-Jensen BM, Mccreath HE, Harputlu D, Et Al.: Reliability Of The Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool For Pressure Injury Assessment: The Pressure Ulcer Detection Study. Wound Repair Regen. 2019, 27:386-395. 10.1111/Wrr.12714

Abstract: INTRODUCTION:  Hysterectomy either alone or a part of removal of other structures (Ovaries / Pelvic nodes/ Omentum) is standard for the curative surgery performed for Gynaecologic malignancies.  After hysterectomy, the vaginal vault can either be closed or left open.  There are no standard recommendations or guidelines regarding the management of vaginal cuff, especially in gynaecologic malignancies and it is left to the operating surgeon's discretion.  Till now, there are no studies demonstrating superiority of one technique over the other in the management of gynaecologic malignancies........

[1]. Garry R. Health Economics Of Hysterectomy. Best Practice And Research Clinical Obstetrics Gynaecology 2005: Volume 19, No. 3, Pages 451-465.
[2]. Nirmala Duhan. Techniques Of Hysterectomy, Hysterectomy, Dr. Ayman Al-Hendy (Ed.), 2012. ISBN: 978- 953-51-0434-6, In Tech, Available From: Http://Www.Intechopen.Com/Books/Hysterectomy/Types-Of-Hysterectomy
[3]. Anmate And Olatinwo A. Closure Versus Non- Closure Of Vaginal Vault At Total Abdominal Hysterectomy, The Tropical Journal Of Health Sciences 2001; Vol 8.
[4]. Wheeless C, Jr.,Roenneburg M. 1997 Atlas Of Pelvic Surgery Third Edition
[5]. Hoffman, Schorge, Bradshaw., Williams Gynecology, Third Edition, Chapter 43-10

Abstract: The harmonic scalpel has been emerging as an alternative surgical tool for dissection and hemostasis especially in the field of minimally invasive surgery. We have been studying the safety and efficacy of harmonic scalpel in performing thyroid surgery. The operative and morbidity details of fifteen patients who underwent thyroidectomy using a harmonic scalpel were compared with 15 matched controls operated using conventional hemostatic techniques. There was no significant difference noted in the operating time between the harmonic scalpel and conventional hemostasis group (130mins and 140mins, P>0.05). The blood loss (5ml and 20ml, P<0.001) was significantly.....

Key Word: Harmonic scalpel (HS), Conventional Haemostasis (HS)

[1]. W. F. Becker, "Pioneers In Thyroid Surgery," Annals Of Surgery, Vol. 185, No. 5, Pp. 493–504, 1977.
[2]. Q. Y. Duh, "What's New In General Surgery: Endocrine Surgery," Journal Of The American College Of Surgeons, Vol. 201, No. 5, Pp. 746–753, 2005.
[3]. R. Bellantone, C. P. Lombardi, M. Bossola Et Al., "Total Thyroidectomy For Management Of Benign Thyroid Disease: Review Of 526 Cases," World Journal Of Surgery, Vol. 26, No. 12, Pp. 1468–1471, 2002.
[4]. F. U. Metternich, S. Wenzel, C. Sagowski, T. Jäkel, And U. Koch, "The Ultrasonic Scalpel "Ultracision Harmonic Scalpel". First Results In Surgery Of The Tongue And Soft Palate," Hno, Vol. 50, No. 8, Pp. 733–738, 2002.
[5]. S. D. Mccarus, "Physiologic Mechanism Of The Ultrasonically Activated Scalpel," Journal Of The American Association Of Gynecologic Laparoscopists, Vol. 3, No. 4, Pp. 601–608, 1996..

Abstract: SUMMARY A randomized double-blind study was conducted to compare two pre-administration regimens for preventing the pain of propofol injection. 6% HES pre-administration was compared with 2% Lignocaine (diluted with 0.9%NS) pre-administration IV. Patients were divided into two treatment groups of 63 patients each. 50 ml of 6% HES pre-treatment or 50 ml of (4 ml of 2% Lidocaine with 46 ml saline) were followed by 1% propofol IV. Pain assessment was done using a 100 mm visual analogue scale during induction and in recovery. The incidence of injection pain.....

Key Word: Intra venous, Propofol, Hydroxy Ethyl Starch, Lignocaine, Pain

[1]. Desousa KA. Pain On Propofol Injection: Causes And Remedies. Ind J Pharmacol 2016;48:617
[2]. Kundra P, Vinayagam S. Perioperative Intravenous Lidocaine: Crossing Local Boundaries And Reaching Systemic Horizons. Indian J Anaesth 2020;64:363-5. -23.
[3]. Singla B, Malde AD. A Prospective Observational Study Of Injection Pain In Children With Medium Plus Long Chain Triglyceride And Long Chain Triglyceride Propofol Premixed With Lignocaine. Indian J Anaesth 2018;62:214-8.
[4]. Martin C, Jacob M, Vicaut E, Guidet B, Van Aken H, Kurz A. Effect Of Waxy Maize‑Derived Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 On Renal Function In Surgical Patients. Anesthesiology2013;118:387‑94
[5]. Wisselink W, Patetsios P, Panetta TF, Ramirez JA, Rodino W, Kirwin JD, Et Al. Medium Molecular Weight Pentastarch Reduces Reperfusion Injury By Decreasing Capillary Leak In An Animal Model Of Spinal Cord Ischemia. J Vasc Surg 1998;27:109‑16..

Abstract: The treatment of condylar process fractures has generated a great deal of discussion and controversy in oral and maxillofacial trauma, and there are various methods to address this injury. Choosing techniques for each condylar fracture type involves considering factors such as the presence of teeth, fracture height, patient adaptation, masticatory system, occlusal function disturbance, mandibular deviation, internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and ankylosis of the joint leading to the inability to move the jaw—all sequelae of this injury. While many surgeons lean towards closed treatment with maxillomandibular fixation (MMF), open treatment of condylar....

Key Word: mandibular condyle, temporomandibular joint, mandibular fractures, internal fracture fixation, jaw fixation techniques

[1]. Mitchell DA. A Multicentre Audit Of Unilateral Fractures Of The Mandibular Condyle. British Journal Of Oral And Maxillofacial. 1997;35:230–6. [Pubmed] [Google Scholar]
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[5]. Landes CA, Lipphardt R. Prospective Evaluation Of A Pragmatic Treatment Rationale: Open Reduction And Internal Fixation Of Displaced And Dislocated Condyle And Condylar Head Fractures And Closed Reduction Of Non-Displaced, Non-Dislocated Fractures. Part I: Condyle And Subcondylar Fractures. Int J Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery. 2005;34:859–70. [Pubmed] [Google Scholar].

Abstract: Objective: To carry out a psychosocial and emotional disorders screening in children with academic underachievement through the application of the Pediatrics Symptoms Checklist (PSC). Methods: Cross-sectional, epidemiological, observational cohort study with children and teenager, aged from 6 to 14 years old, followed up at a academic underachievement outpatient clinic of a University Hospital. The analyzed variables were PSC score, gender, age, school grade, BMI, and its correlations. Results: They were analyzed 137 clinical charts, of which 20 were excluded because of improper filling, 117 children were included....

Key Word: child, adolescent, underachievement, mental disorder, questionnaire

[1]. Arnold, D. H. (1997). Co-Occurrence Of Externalizing Behavior Problems And Emergent Academic Difficulties In Young High-Risk Boys: A Preliminary Evaluation Of Patterns And Mechanisms. Journal Of Applied Developmental Psychology, 18(3): 317–330.
[2]. Arnold, E. M., Goldston, D. B., Walsh, A. K., Reboussin, B. A., Daniel, S. S., Hickman, E., & Wood, F. B. (2005). Severity Of Emotional And Behavioral Problems Among Poor And Typical Readers. Journal Of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33(2): 205–217.
[3]. Biederman, J., Faraone, S. V., Mick, E., Williamson, S., Wilens, T. E., Spencer, T. J., Weber, W., Jetton, J., Kraus, I., Pert, J., & Zallen, B. (1999). Clinical Correlates Of ADHD In Females: Findings From A Large Group Of Girls Ascertained From Pediatric And Psychiatric Referral Sources. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child &Amp; Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(8): 966–975.
[4]. Borba, B. M. R., & Marin, A. H. (2017). Contribuição Dos Indicadores De Problemas Emocionais E De Comportamento Para O Rendimento Escolar. Revista Colombiana De Psicología, 26(2): 283–294.
[5]. Borba, B. M. R., & Marin, A. H. (2018). Problemas Emocionais E De Comportamento E Rendimento Escolar Em Adolescentes. Psico, 49(4: 348–357

Abstract: Background: In dentistry, poor displacement achieved by retraction materials, results in suboptimal impressions, while excessive pressure risks gingival trauma. The purpose of the study was to understand the pressure exerted by gingival retraction materials and its correlation to the amount of displacement observed. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted among 3 gingival retraction materials: Group 1 - Impregnated Retraction Cord (Knit-Pak TM+), Group 2 - Traxodent Retraction Paste and Group 3 - 3M ESPE Retraction Astringent....

Key Word: Gingival Retraction; Gingival Retraction Techniques; Pressure; Gingival displacement; Retraction Cord; Cordless Retraction System; Retraction Paste

[1]. Sumanth K.S,.Shetty G,.Sonnahalli N. Impression Techniques In Fixed Prosthodontics.- A Review. International Journal Of Scientific Research. 2019;8(3),P17- 19.
[2]. Felton DA, Kanoy BE, Bayne SC, Wirthman GP. Effect Of In Vivo Crown Margin .. Discrepancies On Periodontal Health. J Prosthet Dent 1991;65:357-64.
[3]. Rosenstiel SF, Land MF, Fujimoto J. Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics. 4th Ed. St.Louis: Mosby; 2006. P 432.
[4]. Beier US, Kranewitter R, Dumfahrt H. Quality Of Impressions After Use Of The Magic Foamcord Gingival Retraction System A Clinical Study Of 269 Abutment Teeth. Int J Prosthodont ,2009;22:143-7.
[5]. The Glossary Of Prosthodontic Terms: Ninth Edition. J Prosthet Dent. 2017 May;117(5S):E40

Abstract: Background Supraglottic airway devices have evolved as a replacement for ETT for almost all procedures. With the advent of 2nd generation SADs, the apprehensions about aspiration, inadequate ventilation and displacement have been put to rest [1,2]. These devices are nowadays increasingly used because of the ease of securing an airway and establishing airway control in a hands-free manner along with minimal hemodynamic side effects. Aim In this study we have compared the clinical performance of Aura Gain and I-gel in 70 adult patients aged 18 to 65 years, posted for laparoscopic....

Key Word: Supraglottic airway devices,2nd generation, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Oropharyngeal leak pressure, Ease of insertion.

[1]. Timmermann A, Bergner UA, Russo SG. Laryngeal Mask Airway Indications: New Frontiers For Second-Generation Supraglottic Airways. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2015
[2]. Intersurgical Ltd, The I-Gel TM. Instruction Manual, 9279_ Issue 5. 08.08, Berkshire, UK, 2008.
[3]. Singh I, Gupta M And Tandon M. Comparison Of Clinical Performance Of I-Gelwith LMA-Proseal In Elective Surgeries. Indian J Anaesth. 2009; 53(3):302-305.
[4]. Lopez AM, Sala-Blanch X, Valero R And Prats A. Cross-Over Assessment Of The Ambu ® Auragain™, LMA Supreme New Cuff And Intersurgical I-Gel In Fresh Cadavers. Open J Anesthesiol. 2014; 4:332-339.
[5]. Attarde VB, Kotekar N And Shetty SM. Air-Q Intubating Laryngeal Airway: A Study Of The Second Generation Supraglottic Airway Device. Indian J Anaesth. 2016; 60:343-348. Owens TM, Robertson P, Twomey C, Doyle M, Mcdonal N And Mcshane AJ.

Abstract: Background: Adverse perinatal outcomes, such as low Apgar scores, birth asphyxia, and neonatal morbidity, are significant public health concerns, particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh. The Biophysical Profile (BPP) is a prenatal diagnostic tool used to assess fetal well-being and predict perinatal outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between BPP scores and perinatal outcomes in a Bangladeshi population. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study included 150 pregnant women at or above 36 weeks of gestation, recruited from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Child and Mother Health, Dhaka. BPP scoring was conducted....

Key Word: Pregnancy, Perinatal, Biophysical Profile Score, Perinatal Outcome

[1]. Ghosh R, Causey K, Burkart K, Wozniak S, Cohen A, Brauer M. Ambient And Household PM2.5 Pollution And Adverse Perinatal Outcomes: A Meta-Regression And Analysis Of Attributable Global Burden For 204 Countries And Territories. Plos Med. 2021 Sep;18(9):E1003718.
[2]. Figueroa L, Harrison M, Mazariegos M, Goudar S, Kavi A, Derman R, Et Al. Maternal And Perinatal Outcomes Of Women With Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Section Compared To Repeat Cesarean Birth In Select South Asian And Latin American Settings Of The Global Network For Women's And Children's Health Research. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol. 2023 Nov 1;9(1):13
[3]. Hasan SMT, Khan MA, Ahmed T. Institute Of Medicine Recommendations On The Rate Of Gestational Weight Gain And Perinatal Outcomes In Rural Bangladesh. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 17;18(12):6519.
[4]. Rehman A, Quddusi AI, Yasmeen N, Nadeem A. Frequency Of Adverse Perinatal Outcome In Patients With Poor Biophysical Profile. The Professional Medical Journal [Internet]. 2020 Oct 10 [Cited 2023 Nov 28];27(10):2193–8. Available From:
Http://Theprofesional.Com/Index.Php/Tpmj/Article/View/439.

Abstract: Background: Sepsis is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in intensive care units. Despite ongoing breakthroughs in detection and treatment, sepsis continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Sepsis has a greater fatality rate since the diseases progress more quickly. Early detection of sepsis reduces morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized to the intensive care unit. Objectives: The aim of the study was to Comparison of the Absolute Eosinophil Count and Blood Culture in Patients with Sepsis...

Key Word:Sepsis, Mortality, Morbidity, Eosinopenia, Antibiotics

[1]. Abidi K, Khoudri I, Belayachi J, Madani N, Zekraoui A, Zeggwagh AA, Abouqal R. Eosinopenia is a reliable marker of sepsis on admission to medical intensive care units. Critical care. 2008 Apr;12(2):1-0.
[2]. Curtis NS, Wes S. New concepts in sepsis. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2002; 8:465-72.
[3]. Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, Dellinger RP, Fein AM, Knaus WA, Schein RM, Sibbald WJ. Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Chest. 1992 Jun 1;101(6):1644-55.
[4]. Gibot S, Kolopp-Sarda MN, Béné MC, Cravoisy A, Levy B, Faure GC, Bollaert PE. Plasma level of a triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1: its diagnostic accuracy in patients with suspected sepsis. Annals of internal medicine. 2004 Jul 6;141(1):9-15.
[5]. Lever A, Mackenzie I. Sepsis: definition, epidemiology, and diagnosis. Bmj. 2007 Oct 25;335(7625):879-83.
[6]. Vincent JL, Sakr Y, Sprung CL, Ranieri VM, Reinhart K, Gerlach H, Moreno R, Carlet J, Le Gall JR, Payen D, Sepsis Occurrence in Acutely Ill Patients Investigators. Sepsis in European intensive care units: results of the SOAP study. Critical care medicine. 2006 Feb 1;34(2):344-53

Abstract: Background: The preventive health check-up can be implemented to the large population then the health status of general people will be updated and the burden of the patient in the hospital will be reduced, the cost of treatment for the people will be reduced. The rate of mortality of middle-aged people will be reduced and the rate of development of sudden disability due to some diseases will be reduced. Objectives: The main aim of this study is to synthesize the evidence on role of Master health check-up among the people. Methods: This study was conducted as a retrospective study on a total of 764 patients who did Whole body checkup at the Imperial Hospital Limited during September 2019 to August 2021. Patients who were apparently healthy individuals and patients with known medical co....

Key Word:Preventive health care, Diabetes, Hypertension, Gall Stone Disease, Benign Hypertrophy of Prostate

[1]. Liss DT, Uchida T, Wilkes CL, Radakrishnan A, Linder JA. General health checks in adult primary care: a review. Jama. 2021 Jun 8;325(22):2294-306.
[2]. Ilesanmi OS. Periodic medical checkup: Knowledge and practice in a community in South West Nigeria. International Journal of Public Health Research. 2015 Mar 1;5(1):576-83.
[3]. Boulware LE, Marinopoulos S, Phillips KA, Hwang CW, Maynor K, Merenstein D, Wilson RF, Barnes GJ, Bass EB, Powe NR, Daumit GL. Systematic review: the value of the periodic health evaluation. Annals of internal medicine. 2007 Feb 20;146(4):289- 300.
[4]. Ramesh R, Gagarin YP, Murugan SR, Rizwan SA, Joena VM, Aravind A. A study on the utility of preventive health check-up in early detection of disease states. Int J Res Med Sci. 2016 Sep;4(9):4022-5.
[5]. Krogsbøll LT, Jørgensen KJ, Larsen CG, Gøtzsche PC. General health checks in adults for reducing morbidity and mortality from disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012(10)

Abstract: Background: In orthopaedic surgery, knee arthroscopy is a frequently performed treatment. The effectiveness of this surgery has been called into doubt recently, as several randomized controlled trials have shown no benefit in treating osteoarthritis. As a result, several trend studies with differing outcomes have been carried out to examine the rates of knee arthroscopy and subsequent conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA). TKA progression is thought to be a sign that the initial knee arthroscopy was ineffective. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effects of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) following the initial knee arthroscopic procedure, as well as to track changes in these variables throughout time.....

[1]. Jarvinen TL, Guyatt GH. Arthroscopic surgery for knee pain. BMJ 2016;354:.
[2]. Englund M, Guermazi A, Gale D et al. Incidental meniscal findings on knee MRI in middle-aged and elderly persons. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1108–15.
[3]. Siemieniuk RAC, Harris IA, Agoritsas T et al. Arthroscopic surgery for degenerative knee arthritis andmeniscal tears: A clinical practice guideline. BMJ 2017;357:.
[4]. Mahir L, Belhaj K, Zahi S, et al. Impact of knee osteoarthritis on the quality of life. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2016;59s:e159.
[5]. Alkan BM, Fidan F, Tosun A, et al. Quality of life and self-reported disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2014;24:166–71.

Abstract: Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness due to antibodies targeting acetylcholine receptors and other components like MuSK, Agrin, and LRP4 at the neuromuscular junction. Thymic abnormalities, such as thymoma and thymic hyperplasia, are common in MG patients. Treatments include anticholinesterase agents, immunosuppressants, plasmapheresis, and thymectomy.
Aim of the study: This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes and prognosis of MG patients following thymectomy....

Key Word:Thymectomy, myasthenia gravis and long-term outcome

[1]. Siwachat S, Tantraworasin A, Lapisatepun W, Ruengorn C, Taioli E, Saeteng S. Comparative clinical outcomes after thymectomy for myasthenia gravis: Thoracoscopic versus trans-sternal approach. Asian journal of surgery. 2018 Jan 1;41(1):77-85.
[2]. Green JD, Barohn RJ, Bartoccion E, Benatar M, Blackmore D, Chaudhry V, Chopra M, Corse A, Dimachkie MM, Evoli A, Florence J. Epidemiological evidence for a hereditary contribution to myasthenia gravis: a retrospective cohort study of patients from North America. Bmj Open. 2020 Sep 1;10(9):e037909.
[3]. Narayanaswami P, Sanders DB, Wolfe G, Benatar M, Cea G, Evoli A, Gilhus NE, Illa I, Kuntz NL, Massey J, Melms A. International consensus guidance for management of myasthenia gravis: 2020 update. Neurology. 2021 Jan 19;96(3):114-22.
[4]. Elnasr MM, El-Guindy DM, Al-Malt AM, Taha AH. Thymectomy in non thymomatous myasthenia gravis: Impact of pathology on outcome and role of survivin in pathogenesis. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2016 Dec 1;24(4):316-23.
[5]. Aydin Y, Ulas AB, Mutlu V, Colak A, Eroglu A. Thymectomy in myasthenia gravis. The Eurasian journal of medicine. 2017 Feb;49(1):48.